CN211575094U - High-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device - Google Patents
High-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211575094U CN211575094U CN201922246654.3U CN201922246654U CN211575094U CN 211575094 U CN211575094 U CN 211575094U CN 201922246654 U CN201922246654 U CN 201922246654U CN 211575094 U CN211575094 U CN 211575094U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device, which comprises a combustion furnace, wherein the front end of the combustion furnace is provided with a blanking mechanism and a material pushing mechanism, and the interior of the combustion furnace is provided with a hearth; the bottom of furnace is provided with the reciprocating type grate of ladder, and the furnace that is located the reciprocating type grate of ladder top is divided into vaporizer and high temperature thermal insulation low oxygen combustion chamber, is provided with the baffling structure in the high temperature thermal insulation low oxygen combustion chamber. The baffling structure is arranged in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber, so that the flue gas entering the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber in the gasification chamber is subjected to turbulent combustion in the furnace, a flue gas circulation channel can be increased, the flow direction of the flue gas is changed, the wall collision times of the fly ash are increased, the large-particle fly ash falls into the bottom of the combustion chamber, and the fly ash is reduced from entering a heat exchange system; the flue gas flow is lengthened, and hot spots are avoided locally.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a boiler burner technical field, especially a high temperature gasification low oxygen burner.
Background
The industrial boiler is the heart of a boiler, a hot blast stove and a heat carrier furnace. The generation and reduction of black smoke and nitrogen oxides of the smoke are directly related to the combustion technology, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat energy equipment is directly related to the combustion temperature. According to statistics, the total number of industrial boilers in China is about 60 thousands, wherein the total number of the industrial boilers is about 70%, the design efficiency of the industrial boilers in China is generally only 1% -3% lower than that of developed countries, but the use efficiency is lower than 10%.
Industrial boiler is in actual operation, during steam that produces by the grate directly enters into the furnace that fires burning furnace, then enters into heat transfer system and carries out the heat transfer, because of the inside space of furnace is limited, the time that the flue gas kept in furnace is extremely short, and then leads to fuel can't fully burn, and the high hot spot appears easily, inside fly ash granule in the flue gas can enter into heat transfer system thereupon, lead to the boiler to discharge fume the loss and be on the high side, the inefficiency of boiler.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that needs to solve provides a high temperature gasification low oxygen burner to solve the time of current industrial boiler flue gas keeping in furnace extremely short and can't fully burn, high hot spot appears easily, lead to the boiler to discharge fume the loss on the high side, the problem of the inefficiency of boiler, with the time of increasing the keeping in of flue gas in furnace, guarantee that fuel fully burns, get into heat transfer system in order to reduce the flying dust, improve boiler efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal.
The high-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device comprises a combustion furnace, wherein the front end of the combustion furnace is provided with a blanking mechanism and a material pushing mechanism, and the interior of the combustion furnace is provided with a hearth; the bottom end of the hearth is provided with a stepped reciprocating grate with the top end obliquely arranged, the hearth positioned above the stepped reciprocating grate is divided into a gasification chamber and a high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber for realizing fuel staged combustion, and a baffling structure for reducing the flow velocity of flue gas, ensuring fly ash sedimentation and avoiding high hot spots is arranged in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber; the controlled end of the pushing mechanism is connected with a PLC controller used for controlling the whole operation of the device, and the controlled end of the stepped reciprocating grate is connected with the output end of the PLC controller.
According to the technical scheme, the gasification chamber and the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber are divided through the inclined furnace arch, and a hot gas outlet used for ensuring that hot gas generated by fuel combustion on the stepped reciprocating grate can enter the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber is formed in the left upper end of the inclined furnace arch.
Further optimize technical scheme, the baffling structure is including setting up the vertical fixed baffling barricade of second on the slope stove encircles, setting up the vertical fixed baffling barricade of third on firing the stove roof and with the vertical fixed baffling barricade of the reciprocating type grate of ladder, between the vertical fixed baffling barricade of second and the vertical fixed baffling barricade of third, between the vertical fixed baffling barricade of third and the vertical fixed baffling barricade of first and form flue gas circulation passageway between the right side inner wall of the vertical fixed baffling barricade of first and firing the stove respectively.
According to the technical scheme, one end of the inclined furnace arch is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the combustion furnace, and the other end of the inclined furnace arch is fixedly arranged on the first vertical fixed baffling baffle wall.
According to the technical scheme, the stepped reciprocating grate comprises a grate frame body, wherein air-cooled moving grates with air outlet holes a formed in the side wall of the right end and water-cooled static grates with water through holes formed in the front end and the rear end of each grate frame body are staggered and arranged in a stepped mode in sequence, the two adjacent air-cooled moving grates and the water-cooled static grates form a grate group, the bottom end of each grate group forms an isobaric air box respectively, and the isobaric air boxes share one air blowing mechanism for blowing air; the air-cooled moving grate is pushed by a pushing mechanism, and the controlled end of the pushing mechanism is connected to the output end of the PLC; the left side of the top end face of the water-cooling static fire grate is fixedly provided with a flat air pipe, the upper portion of the flat air pipe is provided with a plurality of air blowing holes, the flat air pipe is connected with the air blowing mechanism through an air conveying structure, and the controlled end of the air blowing mechanism is connected to the output end of the PLC.
According to the technical scheme, the air-cooled moving grate is of an n-shaped structure, the bottom edge of the side wall of the left end of the air-cooled moving grate is higher than the bottom edge of the side wall of the right end of the air-cooled moving grate, and a certain distance is reserved between the top end of the flat air pipe and the bottom edge of the left side wall of the air-cooled moving grate.
According to the technical scheme, the air outlet hole a is formed in the middle upper portion of the side wall of the right end of the air-cooled moving grate.
According to the technical scheme, the left end and the right end of the water-cooling static grate are communicated with conical air outlets, the inner diameters of the conical air outlets are sequentially reduced from left to right, and the conical air outlets are used for ensuring that fuel or burning ash at the right end of the water-cooling static grate cannot easily enter the interior of the isobaric air box.
According to the technical scheme, the air delivery structure comprises an air delivery pipeline communicated with the air blowing mechanism; the air blowing mechanism comprises an air blower, an air inlet pipeline communicated with the air transmission pipeline and an adjusting air valve arranged on the air inlet pipeline and used for adjusting the air supply quantity of the air blower into the air transmission pipeline, and the controlled end of the adjusting air valve is connected to the output end of the PLC.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, each layer of air-cooled moving grate is formed by buckling and assembling a plurality of buckle plate type small grates which are independently arranged in parallel.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the utility model has the following technical progress.
The baffling structure is arranged in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber, so that the flue gas entering the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber in the gasification chamber is subjected to turbulent combustion in the furnace, a flue gas circulation channel can be increased, the flow direction of the flue gas is changed, the wall collision times of the fly ash are increased, the large-particle fly ash falls into the bottom of the combustion chamber, the large-particle fly ash is discharged from an ash discharge port, and the fly ash is reduced from entering a heat exchange; the flue gas flow is lengthened, hot spots are avoided being generated locally, the temperature distribution is uniform, and therefore the generation of NOx is greatly reduced.
The utility model discloses can avoid producing high hot spot, the particulate matter subsides efficiently in the stove, ensures that the particle concentration in the flue gas is lower.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the stepped reciprocating grate according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the stepped reciprocating grate according to the present invention at a first viewing angle after being cut open;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a second viewing angle of the stepped reciprocating grate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the stepped reciprocating grate of the present invention after being cut open;
FIG. 7 is a left side view of the water cooled stationary grate of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line a-a in fig. 7.
Wherein: 1. a blanking mechanism; 2. a material pushing mechanism; 3. a combustion furnace; 4. a gasification chamber 41, an inclined furnace arch 42 and a hot gas outlet; 5. the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber comprises a high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 51, a first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 52, a second vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 53 and a third vertical fixed baffling retaining wall; 6. the grate comprises a step reciprocating grate, 61, a grate frame body, 62, a water-cooling static grate, 621, a conical air outlet, 622, a water inlet, 623, a water pipeline, 63, an air-cooling movable grate, 631, air outlet a, 632, a positioning shaft, 64, an isobaric air box, 641, an air box partition plate, 65, an air blowing mechanism, 651, an air blower, 652, an air inlet pipeline, 653, an air adjusting valve, 654, an air transmission pipeline, 66, a pushing mechanism, 661, a pushing cylinder, 67, a flat air pipe, 671 and an air outlet b; 7. Slag ash collecting tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
A high-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device is shown in a combined figure 1-8 and comprises a combustion furnace 3 and a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein a blanking mechanism 1 and a material pushing mechanism 2 are arranged at the front end of the combustion furnace 3, and the controlled end of the material pushing mechanism 2 is connected to the output end of the PLC. The inside of the combustion furnace 3 is set as a hearth, the bottom end of the hearth is set as a stepped reciprocating grate 6, the top end of the stepped reciprocating grate 6 is obliquely arranged, the stepped reciprocating grate 6 can reduce the grate temperature and prevent the grate from being burnt out, and the controlled end of the stepped reciprocating grate 6 is connected to the output end of the PLC. The pushing direction of the pushing mechanism 2 is the same as the top end inclination direction of the stepped reciprocating grate 6, and the fuel falling from the blanking mechanism 1 can be pushed onto the stepped reciprocating grate 6, so that the fuel is combusted.
The blanking mechanism 1 in the utility model adopts a hammer-shaped blanking hopper. The pushing mechanism 2 adopts a pushing cylinder, and can also adopt a hydraulic cylinder or other pushing mechanisms.
The step reciprocating grate 6 comprises a grate frame body 61, a water-cooling static grate 62, an air-cooling movable grate 63, an isobaric air box 64, an air blowing mechanism 65 and a pushing mechanism 66, wherein the controlled ends of the air blowing mechanism 65 and the pushing mechanism 66 are respectively connected to the output end of the PLC.
The vertical section of the grate frame body 61 is triangular, and is used for positioning the water-cooling static grate 62 and the air-cooling movable grate 63.
The air-cooled moving grate 63 and the water-cooled static grate 62 are staggered with each other, the heights of the air-cooled moving grate and the water-cooled static grate are sequentially reduced, and the air-cooled moving grate, the water-cooled static grate, the air-cooled moving grate and the water-cooled static grate are sequentially arranged on the grate frame body 61 in a step shape, namely the air-cooled moving grate, the water-cooled static grate, the air. The air-cooled movable grate is arranged firstly from the topmost end of the grate frame body 61, and each air-cooled movable grate and the adjacent water-cooled static grate form a grate group from the topmost end of the grate frame body 61. An equal pressure air box 64 is formed at the bottom end of each fire grate group respectively, and the equal pressure air box 64 is arranged at the bottom end of each fire grate group according to the length of 30-50cm, so that accurate air supply is realized.
The equal pressure wind boxes 64 are each configured to blow air by an air blowing mechanism 65, and share one air blowing mechanism 65. The equal-pressure air boxes 64 are separated by air box partition plates 641 obliquely arranged between the inner wall of the bottom end of the fire grate frame body 61 and the bottom end surface of the water-cooled static fire grate 62, and the arrangement of the air box partition plates 641 ensures that the equal-pressure air boxes 64 are not communicated.
The air-cooled moving grate 63 is of an n-shaped structure, and the bottom edge of the side wall of the left end of the air-cooled moving grate 63 is higher than the bottom edge of the side wall of the right end.
A positioning shaft 632 is fixedly arranged in the left end side wall of the air-cooled moving grate 63 in a penetrating manner, and a sliding groove is arranged on the inner wall of the grate frame body 61 which is at the same height with the positioning shaft 632 of the air-cooled moving grate 63, so that the air-cooled moving grate 63 is positioned in the sliding groove through the positioning shaft 632 and slides in the sliding groove.
The air outlet hole a631 is formed in the middle upper portion of the side wall of the right end of the air-cooled moving grate 63, the condition that the existing grate air outlet hole is formed in the bottom end of the side wall of the right end of the air-cooled moving grate is changed, and it is guaranteed that fuel cannot enter the isobaric air box 64 through the air outlet hole a631 when the stepped reciprocating grate 6 burns the fuel.
Each layer of air-cooled movable grate 63 is respectively pushed through one pushing mechanism 66, each pushing mechanism 66 comprises two pushing cylinders 661, the positioning ends of the two pushing cylinders 661 are fixedly arranged on the left side wall of the combustion furnace 3, the piston rod ends of the two pushing cylinders 661 penetrate through the left side wall of the grate frame body 61 and are respectively fixed with the two ends of the positioning shaft 632 of the air-cooled movable grate 63, the two pushing cylinders 661 synchronously push the air-cooled movable grate 63, and the controlled ends of the pushing cylinders 661 are connected to the output end of the PLC controller.
The utility model discloses in, every layer of forced air cooling moves grate 63 and is formed on location axle 632 by the buckle formula little grate of a plurality of independent settings side by side the spiral-lock, when the little grate of monolithic damages, accessible pushing mechanism full stroke releases this layer of forced air cooling and moves the grate, makes whole layer of forced air cooling move the whole outside that exposes at upper water-cooling static grate, directly from the location epaxial take off the damage the little grate change can, very convenient the maintenance.
The water-cooled static grate 62 is fixedly arranged on the grate frame body 61 and is rectangular block-shaped. The left end and the right end of the water-cooling static grate 62 are communicated with the conical air outlet 621, and the inner diameter of the conical air outlet 621 is sequentially reduced from left to right, so that fuel or burning ash at the right end of the water-cooling static grate 62 cannot easily enter the isobaric air box 64 from the conical air outlet 621, and meanwhile, air inside the isobaric air box 64 can be effectively discharged from the conical air outlet 621.
In order to further guarantee that the static grate 62 of water-cooling can play the effect of water-cooling, the utility model discloses both ends intercommunication is provided with the limbers 622 around the static grate 62 of water-cooling, and the limbers 622 sets up in the upper end of toper exhaust vent 621, and is not linked to each other with toper exhaust vent 621, and the limbers 622 is linked together with the water service pipe 623 that sets up in the grate support body 61 outside, has let in the water service pipe 623 and has circulated cooling water.
In order to guarantee that the fuel can carry out the blanking completely on reciprocating grate 6 of ladder, and for further guaranteeing that the wind that blows off from blast mechanism 65 and isobaric bellows 64 is even wind, the blast mechanism 65 of being convenient for is to the control of the wind blowing volume of air-cooled moving grate 63 and the static grate 62 of water-cooling, the utility model discloses fixed being provided with flat tuber pipe 67 on the top face of the static grate 62 of water-cooling, a plurality of blowholes have been seted up on the upper portion of flat tuber pipe 67, specifically set up on the top face of flat tuber pipe 67. The flat air duct 67 is located on the left side of the top end face of the water-cooling static fire grate 62, so that the side wall of the right end of the air-cooling moving fire grate 63 does not touch the flat air duct 67 under the full-stroke movement. A certain distance is reserved between the top end of the flat air pipe 67 and the bottom edge of the left side wall of the air-cooled moving grate 63, so that when the air-cooled moving grate 63 moves, the left side wall of the air-cooled moving grate 63 cannot touch the flat air pipe 67, and the unimpeded material pushing operation of the air-cooled moving grate 63 can be realized.
The flat air duct is connected to the blower mechanism via an air delivery structure, which includes an air delivery duct 654 in communication with the blower mechanism 65. The left end of the flat air pipe 67 is communicated with the air blowing mechanism 65 through the air conveying pipe 654, which can ensure that the air blown out from the air blowing mechanism 65 can be effectively discharged, so that the air blowing mechanism 65 can effectively control the air discharge amount of the stepped reciprocating grate 6. If the air duct 654 is not added, the air blown out by the blower 65 can be discharged from the stepped reciprocating grate 6 only through a large space in the constant-pressure air box 64, so the air blown out by the blower 65 is required to fill the entire constant-pressure air box 64, and the air volume discharged from the stepped reciprocating grate 6 is difficult to control. And the flat air pipe 67 and the air transmission pipeline 654 arranged in the utility model can solve the problem, and ensure that the air quantity discharged by the stepped reciprocating grate 6 can be effectively controlled.
The air blowing mechanism 65 comprises an air blower 651, an air inlet pipeline 652 and an adjusting air valve 653, wherein one air blower 651 is arranged, and the controlled ends of the air blower 651 and the adjusting air valve 653 are respectively connected with the output end of the PLC controller. Meanwhile, the blower 651 is also connected with a frequency converter, the controlled end of the frequency converter is connected to the output end of the PLC controller, and the frequency of the blower 651 is controlled by controlling the frequency converter.
Each isobaric air box 64 is respectively communicated with an air inlet pipeline 652, the air inlet pipeline 652 is communicated with an air transmission pipeline 654 arranged in the corresponding isobaric air box 64, each air inlet pipeline 652 is connected with a blower 651, each air inlet pipeline 652 is respectively provided with an adjusting air valve 653, and the air supply quantity of the blower 651 to the air transmission pipeline 654 is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the adjusting air valve 653.
The hearth above the stepped reciprocating grate 6 is divided into a gasification chamber 4 (a first combustion chamber) and a high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5 (a second combustion chamber), so that the purpose of staged combustion is realized.
A baffling structure is arranged in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5 and used for reducing the flow velocity of flue gas, ensuring the sedimentation of fly ash and avoiding high hot spots.
Divide through slope stove arch 41 between gasification chamber 4 and the high temperature adiabatic low oxygen combustion chamber 5, hot gas outlet 42 has been seted up to the upper left end of slope stove arch 41, and hot gas outlet 42 is used for guaranteeing that the hot gas that the fuel burning on the reciprocating grate 6 of ladder produced can enter into high temperature adiabatic low oxygen combustion chamber 5 in, and the hot gas that the reciprocating grate 6 bottom of ladder produced can follow slope stove arch 41 and move to hot gas outlet 42 department, reentrant high temperature adiabatic low oxygen combustion chamber 5 in.
The baffling structure comprises a second vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 52 arranged on the inclined furnace arch 41, a third vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 53 arranged on the top wall of the combustion furnace 3 and a first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 51 vertically fixed with the step reciprocating type grate 6, wherein a flue gas flow channel is respectively formed between the second vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 52 and the third vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 53, between the third vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 53 and the first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 51 and between the first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 51 and the right inner wall of the combustion furnace 3.
One end of the inclined furnace arch 41 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the combustion furnace 3, and the other end of the inclined furnace arch 41 is fixedly arranged on the first vertical fixed baffling wall 51.
The height of the topmost end of the second vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 52 is lower than the height of the bottommost end of the third vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 53, the height of the bottommost end of the third vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 53 is lower than the height of the topmost end of the first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 51, and therefore the stroke of the flue gas in the flue gas circulation channel can be guaranteed to be longer.
The gasification chamber 4 is surrounded by a first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 51, an inclined furnace arch 41, a stepped reciprocating grate 6 and the inner wall of the combustion furnace 3. The first vertical fixed baffling wall 51 is vertically arranged on the fire grate frame body 61.
The inclined furnace arch 41 adopts a low furnace arch design, carries out strong heat radiation on the fuel on the step reciprocating type grate 6, controls the temperature of the gasification chamber 4 at 800 ℃, and leads the fuel to be partially combusted in the gasification chamber 4 and gasified at high temperature and high speed. In addition, the arrangement of the inclined crown 41 can effectively reduce the flow velocity of the gasified hot gas.
The high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5 adopts a heat-insulation heat-storage furnace wall, guarantees an expected stable temperature field in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber, enables combustible gas to be completely combusted in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber, and is low in flue gas flow rate.
And a monitoring system a is arranged in the gasification chamber 4 and is used for monitoring the oxygen content, the temperature, the carbon dioxide content and the flue gas flow rate at the hot gas outlet 42 of the gasification chamber 4 and feeding monitoring information back to the PLC. The monitoring system a comprises an oxygen content sensor a for detecting oxygen content, a temperature sensor a for detecting temperature, a carbon dioxide sensor a for detecting carbon dioxide content and a flow rate sensor a for detecting flue gas flow rate, wherein the signal output ends of the oxygen content sensor a, the temperature sensor a, the carbon dioxide sensor a and the flow rate sensor a are respectively connected with the input end of the PLC.
Be provided with monitoring system b in the high temperature adiabatic hypoxic combustion chamber 5, monitoring system b is used for monitoring oxygen content, temperature, carbon dioxide content and the flue gas velocity of flow to 5 exits in the high temperature adiabatic hypoxic combustion chamber to feed back monitoring information to PLC controller. The monitoring system b comprises an oxygen content sensor b for detecting oxygen content, a temperature sensor b for detecting temperature, a carbon dioxide sensor b for detecting carbon dioxide content and a flow velocity sensor b for detecting the flow velocity of flue gas, and the signal output ends of the oxygen content sensor b, the temperature sensor b, the carbon dioxide sensor b and the flow velocity sensor b are respectively connected to the input end of the PLC.
And a slag and ash collecting tank 7 is arranged on the bottom wall of the combustion furnace 3 on the right side of the stepped reciprocating grate 6, and the slag and ash collecting tank 7 is used for collecting slag and ash falling from the stepped reciprocating grate 6.
The first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall 51 is provided with a rectangular opening, so that the slag ash can be ensured to smoothly fall into the slag ash collecting tank 7 from the stepped reciprocating grate 6.
The utility model discloses an actual use method specifically includes following step:
and S1, the PLC controls the pushing mechanism 2 to push the fuel dropped from the blanking mechanism 1 into the upper end of the stepped reciprocating grate 6 arranged in the combustion furnace 3. And starting the furnace, and slowly feeding the material to the whole stepped reciprocating grate 6 by using the pushing mechanism 2 when the furnace is heated to 800 ℃.
S2, blowing air into the step reciprocating grate 6 through the blowing mechanism 65, gasifying the fuel under the condition of incomplete combustion in the gasification chamber 4 with a specific volume formed by the step reciprocating grate 6, the inclined furnace arch and the side wall of the combustion furnace, and enabling the gasified hot gas to enter the gasification chamber 4.
In step S2, the air blowing mechanism 65 blows air into the stepped reciprocating grate 6 as follows:
and S21, the PLC controls the blower 651 to operate, controls and adjusts the opening degree of the air valve 653, and the blower 651 blows air into the air inlet pipeline 652 and then enters the flat air pipe 67 through the air conveying pipeline 654.
S22, air in the flat air pipe 67 is sprayed out through an air outlet hole b671 formed in the top of the flat air pipe 67, the sprayed air is discharged into the gasification chamber 4 through an air outlet hole a631 formed in the middle of the right side wall of the air-cooled movable grate 63, meanwhile, the air-cooled movable grate 63 is cooled, part of the air is folded back into the isobaric air box 64 due to the blocking effect of the top wall and the right side wall of the air-cooled movable grate 63, and then is discharged into the gasification chamber 4 through a conical air outlet hole 621 formed in the water-cooled static grate 62, and air supply is achieved.
At the same time as step S2, the circulating cooling water is introduced into the water passage port 622 of the water-cooled stationary grate 62 through the water passage 623 to cool the water-cooled stationary grate 62.
The fuel is rapidly cracked and gasified at high temperature and is accompanied by partial combustion, and part of high temperature generated by gasification and combustion is used for maintaining the high temperature of the gasification chamber so as to ensure the continuous operation of high-temperature pyrolysis, gasification and combustion reaction; the other part of the combustible gas which is not completely combusted after gasification enters a high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber (a second combustion chamber) and is fully mixed and combusted again.
S3, after the fuel on the step reciprocating grate 6 is burnt for a period of time, the fuel is intermittently dropped from top to bottom.
In step S3, the step reciprocating grate 6 intermittently discharges from top to bottom as follows:
s31, the PLC sets the pushing time and the pushing time interval of each pushing mechanism 66 in turn, the pushing time of the upper pushing mechanism 66 is earlier than that of the lower pushing mechanism 66, and the pushing time intervals of the pushing mechanisms 66 are the same;
s32, the pushing mechanism 66 pushes the air-cooled moving grate 63 to move to the right for a full stroke, and the fuel on the water-cooled static grate 62 is pushed onto the next air-cooled moving grate 63, so that intermittent blanking from top to bottom is realized.
S4, monitoring the oxygen content, the temperature, the carbon dioxide content and the flue gas flow rate at the hot gas outlet 42 of the gasification chamber 4 by a monitoring system a arranged in the gasification chamber 4, and feeding monitoring information back to the PLC.
S5, reducing the flow rate of the gasified hot gas through the inclined furnace arch 41, enabling the gasified hot gas in the gasification chamber 4 to enter the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5 after passing through the hot gas outlet 42, designing enough combustible gas combustion reaction space in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5, reasonably arranging a fire wall for changing the flow direction of flue gas, increasing the wall collision times of the fly ash, enabling large-particle fly ash to fall into the bottom of the combustion chamber, discharging the fly ash from an ash discharge port, and reducing the fly ash entering a heat exchange system; the flue gas flow is lengthened, hot spots are avoided being generated locally, the temperature distribution is uniform, and therefore the generation of NOx is greatly reduced.
The high-temperature flue gas in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5 is discharged into a heat exchange system from a fire outlet for heat exchange after the flow speed of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced, fly ash is settled and the flow of the flue gas is increased through a flue gas circulation channel.
In step S5, the residence time of the hot gas in the high-temperature adiabatic low-oxygen combustor 5 is greater than 2S.
S6, monitoring the oxygen content, the temperature, the carbon dioxide content and the flue gas flow rate at the outlet of the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5 by a monitoring system b arranged in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber 5, and feeding monitoring information back to the PLC.
And S7, the PLC forms a data set in real time according to the monitoring information of the monitoring system a and the monitoring system b, and the data set is compared with an internal set data value to judge whether the gas production of the gasification chamber needs to be controlled or not.
If the formed data set is the same as the internally set data value, there is no need to control the gas production of the vaporizer 4.
If the formed data set is different from the internal set data value, the air supply quantity and the feeding quantity of the gasification chamber 4 need to be controlled through a PLC controller, and further the gas production quantity of the gasification chamber 4 is controlled.
In step S7, the process of controlling the air supply amount and the feed amount of the vaporizer 4 by the PLC controller is as follows:
s71, the PLC controls and adjusts the opening degree of the air valve 653 to control the air supply quantity into the gasification chamber 4;
and S72, the PLC controls the material pushing interval of the material pushing mechanism 2 to control the feeding amount of the gasification chamber 4.
The utility model has the advantages that the baffling structure is arranged in the high-temperature heat-insulation hypoxic combustion chamber 5, so that the smoke entering the high-temperature heat-insulation hypoxic combustion chamber 5 in the gasification chamber 4 is subjected to turbulent combustion in the furnace, a smoke circulation channel can be increased, the smoke flow direction is changed, the wall collision times of fly ash are increased, the large-particle fly ash falls into the bottom of the combustion chamber, the large-particle fly ash is discharged from the ash discharge port, and the fly ash is reduced from entering a heat exchange system; the flue gas flow is lengthened, hot spots are avoided being generated locally, the temperature distribution is uniform, and therefore the generation of NOx is greatly reduced.
The utility model discloses can avoid producing high hot spot, the particulate matter subsides efficiently in the stove, ensures that the particle concentration in the flue gas is lower.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device comprises a combustion furnace (3), wherein the front end of the combustion furnace (3) is provided with a blanking mechanism (1) and a material pushing mechanism (2), and the interior of the combustion furnace (3) is provided with a hearth; the method is characterized in that: the bottom end of the hearth is provided with a stepped reciprocating grate (6) with the top end obliquely arranged, the hearth positioned above the stepped reciprocating grate (6) is divided into a gasification chamber (4) for realizing fuel staged combustion and a high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber (5), and a baffling structure for reducing the flow velocity of flue gas, ensuring fly ash settlement and avoiding high hot spots is arranged in the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber (5); the controlled end of the pushing mechanism (2) is connected with a PLC controller used for controlling the whole operation of the device, and the controlled end of the stepped reciprocating grate (6) is connected with the output end of the PLC controller.
2. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gasification chamber (4) and the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber (5) are divided by an inclined furnace arch (41), and a hot gas outlet (42) for ensuring that hot gas generated by fuel combustion on the stepped reciprocating grate (6) can enter the high-temperature heat-insulation low-oxygen combustion chamber (5) is formed in the left upper end of the inclined furnace arch (41).
3. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the baffling structure is including setting up vertical fixed baffling barricade (52) of second on slope stove arch (41), third vertical fixed baffling barricade (53) of setting on burning stove (3) roof and with the reciprocating type grate of ladder (6) vertical fixed baffling barricade (51), between vertical fixed baffling barricade of second (52) and third (53), between vertical fixed baffling barricade of third (53) and first vertical fixed baffling barricade (51) and form flue gas stream between the right side inner wall of first vertical fixed baffling barricade (51) and burning stove (3) respectively and change the passageway.
4. A high temperature gasification low oxygen combustion apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the inclined furnace arch (41) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the combustion furnace (3), and the other end of the inclined furnace arch (41) is fixedly arranged on the first vertical fixed baffling retaining wall (51).
5. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step reciprocating type grate (6) comprises a grate frame body (61), wherein the grate frame body (61) is staggered with each other and is sequentially provided with an air-cooled movable grate (63) with an air outlet a (631) at the right end side wall and a water-cooled static grate (62) with a water through hole (622) communicated with the front end and the rear end in a step shape, two adjacent air-cooled movable grates (63) and the water-cooled static grate (62) form a grate group, the bottom end of each grate group respectively forms an isobaric air box (64), and each isobaric air box (64) shares one air blowing mechanism (65) to blow air; the air-cooled moving grate (63) is pushed by a pushing mechanism (66), and the controlled end of the pushing mechanism (66) is connected to the output end of the PLC; the left side of the top end face of the water-cooling static fire grate (62) is fixedly provided with a flat air pipe (67) with the upper part provided with a plurality of air blowing holes, the flat air pipe (67) is connected with an air blowing mechanism (65) through an air conveying structure, and the controlled end of the air blowing mechanism (65) is connected to the output end of the PLC.
6. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the air-cooled moving grate (63) is of an n-shaped structure, the bottom edge of the side wall of the left end of the air-cooled moving grate (63) is higher than the bottom edge of the side wall of the right end, and a certain distance is reserved between the top end of the flat air pipe (67) and the bottom edge of the left side wall of the air-cooled moving grate (63).
7. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the air outlet hole a (631) is formed in the middle upper portion of the side wall of the right end of the air cooling movable grate (63).
8. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the left end and the right end of the water-cooling static fire grate (62) are communicated with conical air outlet holes (621) which have the inner diameters which are sequentially reduced from left to right and are used for ensuring that fuel or burning ash at the right end of the water-cooling static fire grate (62) cannot easily enter the interior of the isobaric air box (64).
9. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the air delivery structure comprises an air delivery pipeline (654) communicated with the blower mechanism (65); the air blowing mechanism (65) comprises an air blower (651), an air inlet pipeline (652) communicated with the air transmission pipeline (654), and an adjusting air valve (653) arranged on the air inlet pipeline (652) and used for adjusting the air supply quantity of the air blower (651) to the air transmission pipeline (654), wherein the controlled end of the adjusting air valve (653) is connected with the output end of the PLC.
10. A high temperature gasification hypoxic combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: each layer of air-cooled moving grate (63) is formed by buckling and assembling a plurality of buckle plate type small grates which are independently arranged in parallel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201922246654.3U CN211575094U (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | High-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device |
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| CN201922246654.3U CN211575094U (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | High-temperature gasification low-oxygen combustion device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2784766C1 (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-11-29 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова" | Furnace with tilting-pushing grate for burning plywood production waste and granular and briquetted fuels |
-
2019
- 2019-12-16 CN CN201922246654.3U patent/CN211575094U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2784766C1 (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-11-29 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова" | Furnace with tilting-pushing grate for burning plywood production waste and granular and briquetted fuels |
| RU2808881C1 (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-12-05 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова" | Furnace for burning biofuels |
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