CN211567153U - 电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材以及膨胀型阻燃电缆 - Google Patents

电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材以及膨胀型阻燃电缆 Download PDF

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CN211567153U
CN211567153U CN201921324522.1U CN201921324522U CN211567153U CN 211567153 U CN211567153 U CN 211567153U CN 201921324522 U CN201921324522 U CN 201921324522U CN 211567153 U CN211567153 U CN 211567153U
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layer
flame retardant
cable
intumescent
combustible
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周围
关铮
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to CN201921324522.1U priority Critical patent/CN211567153U/zh
Priority to EP20851663.3A priority patent/EP4014243A1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2020/057677 priority patent/WO2021028880A1/en
Priority to US17/633,032 priority patent/US20220301741A1/en
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Abstract

本实用新型提供一种电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材以及一种膨胀型阻燃电缆。具体地，所述电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材包括：遇热膨胀层；和与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。所述膨胀型阻燃电缆包括：电缆芯；与所述电缆芯邻近的遇热膨胀层；和与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。根据本实用新型的技术方案，所述膨胀型阻燃卷材能够用于已安装的弯曲电缆，在对电缆提供有效的机械保护的同时提供优良的阻燃性能。所述膨胀型阻燃电缆具有有效的机械保护以及优良的阻燃性能。

Description

电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材以及膨胀型阻燃电缆
技术领域
本实用新型涉及电缆技术领域，具体地，涉及一种电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材以及一种膨胀型阻燃电缆。
背景技术
目前，各种各样的电缆被广泛地应用于电气领域。一方面，电缆需要具有必要的机械性能以提供机械保护。另一方面，电缆在使用过程中存在来自多种原因的失火风险，因此防火性能变得越来越重要。为了实现以上目的，目前通常采用非柔性结构(即，刚性保护结构)来保护电缆，然而，以上方法不适用于已安装的弯曲电缆。
因此，开发一种能够适用于已安装的弯曲电缆的可以提供足够机械保护性能和阻燃性能的防护材料具有重要的意义。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的之一在于提供一种能够适用于已安装的弯曲电缆的可以提供足够机械保护性能和阻燃性能的防护材料。
具体地，本实用新型提供一种电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，所述电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材包括：
遇热膨胀层；和
与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述遇热膨胀层的厚度在1至20mm的范围内。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述可燃铠装层的厚度在1至10mm的范围内。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述遇热膨胀层为磷酸盐类遇热膨胀层、三聚氰胺类遇热膨胀层、陶瓷纤维类遇热膨胀层或可膨胀石墨类遇热膨胀层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述可燃铠装层为有机纤维类可燃铠装层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述遇热膨胀层和所述可燃铠装层之间还存在金属丝层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的两组金属丝彼此交叉排列。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的金属丝呈Z字型不交叉排列。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述金属丝层中的金属丝的直径在0.01至0.5mm的范围内。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述金属丝层中，相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距在2-10mm的范围内。
本实用新型的另一个目的在于提供一种膨胀型阻燃电缆，所述膨胀型阻燃电缆具有有效的机械保护以及优良的阻燃性能。具体地，所述膨胀型阻燃电缆包括：电缆芯；与所述电缆芯邻近的遇热膨胀层；和与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述遇热膨胀层的厚度在1至20mm的范围内。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述可燃铠装层的厚度在1至10mm的范围内。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述遇热膨胀层为磷酸盐类遇热膨胀层、三聚氰胺类遇热膨胀层、陶瓷纤维类遇热膨胀层或可膨胀石墨类遇热膨胀层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述可燃铠装层为有机纤维类可燃铠装层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述遇热膨胀层和所述可燃铠装层之间还存在金属丝层。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的两组金属丝彼此交叉排列。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的金属丝呈Z字型不交叉排列。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，所述金属丝层中的金属丝的直径在0.01至0.5mm的范围内。
根据本实用新型的某些优选实施方案，在所述金属丝层中，相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距在2-10mm的范围内。
根据本实用新型的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材和膨胀型阻燃电缆的优点在于：
1.所述可燃铠装层具有良好的机械性能，能够对电缆提供良好的机械保护；
2.所述可燃铠装层在遇热燃烧时在与电缆长度方向平行的方向上发生水平燃烧，有效激活遇热膨胀层的膨胀，提高阻燃性能；和
2.所述膨胀型阻燃卷材可以直接应用于已安装的弯曲电缆。
附图说明
图1显示根据本实用新型的一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃卷材的横截面图；
图2显示根据本实用新型的另一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃卷材的横截面图；
图3显示根据本实用新型的具体实施方式的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材的俯视透视图A和B；
图4显示根据本实用新型的一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃电缆的横截面图；和
图5A和图5B显示与仅具有遇热膨胀层的电缆相比，根据本实用新型的一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃电缆在失火时发生水平燃烧情形的横截面示意图。
附图标记：
1：电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材；2：遇热膨胀层；3：可燃铠装层；4：金属丝层；5：金属丝；6：膨胀型阻燃电缆；7：电缆芯；8：火焰
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步详细描述。将会懂得，考虑了其他实施方式，且不脱离本实用新型的范围或精神，可以实施这些其他实施方式。因此，以下的详细描述是非限制性的。
根据本实用新型的一个方面，提供了一种电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，所述电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材包括：
遇热膨胀层；和
与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。
具体地，图1显示了根据本实用新型的一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃卷材的横截面图。电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材1包括：遇热膨胀层2；和与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层3。
根据本实用新型的技术方案，所述电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材被施用(例如，粘附)到已安装或待安装的电缆(例如，直电缆或弯曲电缆)上。所述可燃铠装层具有必要的机械性质，能够对电缆提供必要的机械保护作用。另外，重要的是，所述可燃铠装层在电缆失火时能够燃烧，在与电缆长度方向平行的方向上发生水平燃烧，有效激活遇热膨胀层的膨胀，提高阻燃性能。优选地，所述可燃铠装层的厚度在1至10mm的范围内。当所述可燃铠装层的厚度小于1mm时，该可燃铠装层所能提供的机械保护作用不足使得电缆抵抗日常使用中的各种机械破坏；另一方面，当所述可燃铠装层的厚度大于10mm时，可燃铠装层在电缆失火时将花费较长的时间被燃烧掉，无法有效地激活遇热膨胀层的膨胀，阻燃性能较差。对可以在本实用新型中采用的可燃铠装层的具体材料没有特别限制，只要其能够提供基本的机械性能并且在电缆失火时能够被烧掉即可。用于可燃铠装层的具体材料可以由本领域技术人员根据以上要求合理选择。优选地，所述可燃铠装层为有机纤维类可燃铠装层，其中有机纤维能够提供机械性能并且在电缆失火时燃烧，从而激活遇热膨胀层的膨胀。所述有机纤维例如为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维。可以在本实用新型中使用的可燃铠装层的具体产品为由3M公司生产的医疗用水固化绑带(产品编号为Scotchcast Plus Casting Tape 82001)，其是涂布有室温可固化的水固化聚氨酯树脂的有机纤维布。
根据本实用新型的技术方案，所述遇热膨胀层是电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材的主要阻燃部件。当电缆失火时，可燃铠装层在与电缆长度方向平行的方向上发生水平燃烧，有效激活遇热膨胀层的膨胀，从而实现阻燃效果。优选地，所述遇热膨胀层的厚度在1至20mm的范围内。当遇热膨胀层的厚度小于1mm时，遇热膨胀层在燃烧时的膨胀量过小，无法有效实现阻燃；另一方面，为了经济和操作便捷的目的，遇热膨胀层的厚度不大于20mm。对可以在本实用新型中采用的遇热膨胀层的具体材料没有特别限制，其可以采用本领域中通常使用的通过膨胀方式进行阻燃的常规材料。优选地，所述遇热膨胀层为磷酸盐类遇热膨胀层、三聚氰胺类遇热膨胀层、陶瓷纤维类遇热膨胀层或可膨胀石墨类遇热膨胀层。对可以在本实用新型中采用的遇热膨胀层的具体产品包括：由3M公司生产的77号胶带；由3M公司生产的Ultra GS超级阻燃带和由3M公司生产的陶瓷衬垫(产品号为Interam 10衬垫)。
根据本实用新型的优选实施方案，在所述遇热膨胀层和所述可燃铠装层之间还存在金属丝层。图2显示了根据本实用新型的另一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃卷材的横截面图，其中电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材1包括：遇热膨胀层2；与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层3；和在所述遇热膨胀层2和所述可燃铠装层3之间的金属丝层4。所述金属丝层4由金属丝5构成。所述金属丝层4的作用如下：(1)当电缆失火时，金属丝层能够快速将热量传递到临近区域，从而促进临近区域的膨胀材料膨胀；2)避免电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材中局部过热；3)在金属丝层下部的膨胀材料膨胀时，金属丝层能够跟随其扩大又能兜住膨胀体，防止其从电缆上脱落，如此能够更好地保证防火效果。对可以在遇热膨胀层和可燃铠装层之间存在的金属丝层的设置方式没有特别限制，只要其能够实现以上技术效果即可。图3显示了根据本实用新型的具体实施方式的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材的俯视透视图A和B，其中分别显示了金属丝5的X字型排布方式以及Z字型排布方式。如图3中的A中所示，在X字型排布方式中，相互平行的两组金属丝5彼此交叉排列。如图3中的B中所示，在Z字型排布方式中，相互平行的金属丝5呈Z字型不交叉排列。优选地，所述金属丝层中的金属丝的直径在0.01至0.5mm的范围内。在所述金属丝层中，相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距在2-10mm的范围内。当在以上范围内选择金属丝层中的金属丝的直径以及相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距时，能够在不过多采用金属丝的情况下实现良好的热传递、避免局部过热以及稳固膨胀体形态的作用。
根据本实用新型的另一个方面，提供了一种膨胀型阻燃电缆，所述膨胀型阻燃电缆包括：
电缆芯；
与所述电缆芯邻近的遇热膨胀层；和
与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。
图4显示根据本实用新型的一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃电缆6的横截面图。所述膨胀型阻燃电缆6包括：电缆芯7；与所述电缆芯7邻近的遇热膨胀层2；和与所述遇热膨胀层2邻近的可燃铠装层3。
对可以在本实用新型中采用的电缆芯7没有特别限制，其可以是电气领域中通常采用的各种电缆材料，包括铜芯电力电缆、铝芯电力电缆、塑料绝缘电力电缆、橡皮绝缘电力电缆等。
关于膨胀型阻燃电缆6中的遇热膨胀层2、可燃铠装层3以及可以存在的金属丝层4的详细描述，可参见如上关于电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材中的遇热膨胀层2、可燃铠装层3以及金属丝层4的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
根据本实用新型的技术方案，所述可燃铠装层具有必要的机械性质，能够对电缆提供必要的机械保护作用。另外所述可燃铠装层在电缆失火时能够燃烧，在与电缆长度方向平行的方向上发生水平燃烧，有效激活遇热膨胀层的膨胀，提高阻燃性能。图5A和图5B显示了与仅具有遇热膨胀层的电缆相比，根据本实用新型的一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃电缆在失火时发生水平燃烧情形的横截面示意图。
具体地，图5A显示了仅由电缆芯7和覆盖电缆芯7的遇热膨胀层2组成的电缆在失火时燃烧的情形的横截面示意图。当火焰8位于电缆的下方时，仅仅在a点和b点之间的区域会发生遇热膨胀层的膨胀，阻燃效果不理想。
图5B显示了根据本实用新型的一个实施方案的膨胀型阻燃电缆6在失火时发生水平燃烧情形的横截面示意图。所述膨胀型阻燃电缆6包括：电缆芯7；与所述电缆芯7邻近的遇热膨胀层2；和与所述遇热膨胀层2邻近的可燃铠装层3。当火焰8位于膨胀型阻燃电缆6的下方时，可燃铠装层3在膨胀型阻燃电缆6的长度方向上发生水平燃烧，燃烧部位不仅包括a点和b点之间的区域，还包括了c点和d点之间的区域。由此，由可燃铠装层3提供的水平燃烧提高了下面的遇热膨胀层2的膨胀速率，从而显著提高阻燃效果。
本公开的所选实施方案包括但不限于以下：
在第一实施方案中，本公开提供一种电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，所述电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材包括：
遇热膨胀层；和
与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。
在第二实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第一实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述遇热膨胀层的厚度在1至20mm的范围内。
在第三实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第一实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述可燃铠装层的厚度在1至10mm的范围内。
在第四实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第一实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述遇热膨胀层为磷酸盐类遇热膨胀层、三聚氰胺类遇热膨胀层、陶瓷纤维类遇热膨胀层或可膨胀石墨类遇热膨胀层。
在第五实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第一实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述可燃铠装层为有机纤维类可燃铠装层。
在第六实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第一实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述遇热膨胀层和所述可燃铠装层之间还存在金属丝层。
在第七实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第六实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的两组金属丝彼此交叉排列。
在第八实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第六实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的金属丝呈Z字型不交叉排列。
在第九实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第六实施方案所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述金属丝层中的金属丝的直径在0.01至0.5mm的范围内。
在第十实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第六实施方案至所述第九实施方案中任一项所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述金属丝层中，相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距在2-10mm的范围内。
在第十一实施方案中，本公开提供一种膨胀型阻燃电缆，所述膨胀型阻燃电缆包括：
电缆芯；
与所述电缆芯邻近的遇热膨胀层；和
与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层。
在第十二实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十一实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述遇热膨胀层的厚度在1至20mm的范围内。
在第十三实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十一实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述可燃铠装层的厚度在1至10mm的范围内。
在第十四实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十一实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述遇热膨胀层为磷酸盐类遇热膨胀层、三聚氰胺类遇热膨胀层、陶瓷纤维类遇热膨胀层或可膨胀石墨类遇热膨胀层。
在第十五实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十一实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述可燃铠装层为有机纤维类可燃铠装层。
在第十六实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十一实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述遇热膨胀层和所述可燃铠装层之间还存在金属丝层。
在第十七实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十六实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的两组金属丝彼此交叉排列。
在第十八实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十六实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的金属丝呈Z字型不交叉排列。
在第十九实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十六实施方案所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述金属丝层中的金属丝的直径在0.01至0.5mm的范围内。
在第二十实施方案中，本公开提供一种根据所述第十六实施方案至所述第十九实施例中任一项所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述金属丝层中，相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距在2-10mm的范围内。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本公开内容进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本公开内容的精神和范围。这样，倘若本公开内容的这些修改和变型属于本实用新型的权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本公开内容也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (16)

1.一种电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，所述电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材包括：
遇热膨胀层；和
与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层，
其中所述遇热膨胀层为磷酸盐类遇热膨胀层、三聚氰胺类遇热膨胀层、陶瓷纤维类遇热膨胀层或可膨胀石墨类遇热膨胀层，并且所述可燃铠装层为有机纤维类可燃铠装层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述遇热膨胀层的厚度在1至20mm的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述可燃铠装层的厚度在1至10mm的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述遇热膨胀层和所述可燃铠装层之间还存在金属丝层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的两组金属丝彼此交叉排列。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的金属丝呈Z字型不交叉排列。
7.根据权利要求4所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中所述金属丝层中的金属丝的直径在0.01至0.5mm的范围内。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的电缆用膨胀型阻燃卷材，其中在所述金属丝层中，相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距在2-10mm的范围内。
9.一种膨胀型阻燃电缆，所述膨胀型阻燃电缆包括：
电缆芯；
与所述电缆芯邻近的遇热膨胀层；和
与所述遇热膨胀层邻近的可燃铠装层，
其中所述遇热膨胀层为磷酸盐类遇热膨胀层、三聚氰胺类遇热膨胀层、陶瓷纤维类遇热膨胀层或可膨胀石墨类遇热膨胀层，并且所述可燃铠装层为有机纤维类可燃铠装层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述遇热膨胀层的厚度在1至20mm的范围内。
11.根据权利要求9所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述可燃铠装层的厚度在1至10mm的范围内。
12.根据权利要求9所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述遇热膨胀层和所述可燃铠装层之间还存在金属丝层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的两组金属丝彼此交叉排列。
14.根据权利要求12所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述金属丝层中，相互平行的金属丝呈Z字型不交叉排列。
15.根据权利要求12所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中所述金属丝层中的金属丝的直径在0.01至0.5mm的范围内。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的膨胀型阻燃电缆，其中在所述金属丝层中，相邻两根平行金属丝之间的平均间距在2-10mm的范围内。
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