CN211543240U

CN211543240U - Locking mechanism and electric automobile

Info

Publication number: CN211543240U
Application number: CN202020086073.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李鸿键; 李彦良; 代康伟; 周健; 盛军
Original assignee: Beijing Electric Vehicle Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Electric Vehicle Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-15
Filing date: 2020-01-15
Publication date: 2020-09-22
Anticipated expiration: 2030-01-15

Abstract

The utility model discloses a locking mechanism and an electric automobile, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a lock base and a slide block movably connected with the lock base; when the sliding block moves relative to the lock seat, the lock seat is in a locking state of enclosing with the sliding block to form a locking hole and in an unlocking state of opening the locking hole; the lock seat is movably connected with at least one limiting assembly, and the lock seat is fixedly locked with the sliding block through the limiting assembly. The utility model discloses a scheme structure size is little and simple, and the unblock is simple reliable with the locking mode, when guaranteeing the locking reliability, and power battery's installation and dismantlement process that can be convenient have improved power battery's change efficiency.

Description

Locking mechanism and electric automobile

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of automobiles, especially, relate to a locking mechanism and electric automobile.

Background

In order to cope with the increasing environmental crisis such as the gradual depletion of global petroleum resources, air pollution and global temperature rise, the research and development of electric vehicles at home and abroad reaches unprecedented high tide.

An electric vehicle is powered by an on-board power source, and is powered by electricity stored in a power battery. The electric automobile in the market at present also has the common defect of short driving range, and the driving range is far inferior to that of the conventional power automobile type, so that the application range of the electric automobile is greatly limited.

In order to avoid overlong charging time, a method for replacing a power battery of the electric automobile is mainly selected to solve the problems, and when the electric quantity of the power battery is insufficient, a fully charged battery pack can be directly replaced at a charging station. In the existing technology for replacing the power battery, the problems of complex installation and unloading process and long time consumption exist in the battery installation and disassembly technology, and a locking mechanism with reasonable design is urgently needed to replace the battery pack quickly.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a locking mechanism and electric automobile has solved current change power battery's technique, and there are installation and uninstallation process complicacy, the longer problem consuming time in the installation of battery and dismantlement technique.

According to the utility model discloses an aspect provides a locking mechanism, include:

the lock comprises a lock seat and a sliding block movably connected with the lock seat;

when the sliding block moves relative to the lock seat, the lock seat is in a locking state of enclosing with the sliding block to form a locking hole and in an unlocking state of opening the locking hole;

the lock seat is movably connected with at least one limiting assembly, and the lock seat is fixedly locked with the sliding block through the limiting assembly.

Optionally, a slide way which extends through the lock base along the horizontal direction is arranged on the lock base; the sliding block is movably inserted into the slideway, and the sliding block is movably connected with the lock seat.

Optionally, the lock seat is provided with a groove extending in the vertical direction and having a downward opening, and the groove is communicated with the slide way;

when the sliding block moves in the slide way, the sliding block is provided with a locking state which penetrates through the groove and is used for enclosing the lock tongue in a locking hole, and an unlocking state which is far away from the groove and enables the downward opening of the groove to be communicated with the outside.

Optionally, a limiting groove adapted to the limiting assembly is formed in the sliding block;

when the sliding block moves relative to the lock base, the limiting assembly is clamped with or separated from the limiting groove.

Optionally, the lock seat is provided with an accommodating cavity along the vertical direction, and the lower end of the accommodating cavity is communicated with the slide way;

the containing cavity is movably provided with the limiting assembly;

when the sliding block moves in the sliding way, the limiting assembly is abutted against the sliding block.

Optionally, the limiting assembly includes: the steel ball, the elastic piece and the plug are sequentially arranged in the accommodating cavity from bottom to top;

the plug is fixedly connected with the upper port of the accommodating cavity;

the elastic piece is in a compressed state;

one end of the steel ball, which is far away from the elastic piece, is abutted against the sliding block.

Optionally, the accommodating cavity is of a cylindrical structure.

Optionally, the upper end of the accommodating cavity far away from the slide way is communicated with the outside.

Optionally, a supporting portion is disposed on a part of a side wall of the slide way, and the slide way is connected to and supports the slider through the supporting portion.

Optionally, the cross section of the slideway is in an I shape, a T shape or an L shape;

when the cross section of the slide way is I-shaped, the cross section of the slide block is I-shaped;

when the cross section of the slide way is T-shaped, the cross section of the slide block is T-shaped;

when the section of the slide way is L-shaped, the section of the slide block is L-shaped.

Optionally, the lower part of the slideway is communicated with the outside.

Optionally, the device further comprises a secondary locking assembly;

when the sliding block is in a locking state that the sliding block and the lock seat are enclosed to form a locking hole, the secondary locking assembly abuts against the sliding block so as to prevent the sliding block from moving relative to the lock seat.

Optionally, the secondary locking assembly includes a sleeve, and a pipe wall of the sleeve is fixedly connected with the lock seat;

a pipe orifice of one end of the sleeve pipe, which is far away from the sliding block, is connected with a plugging piece;

a third elastic piece and a bolt are arranged in the sleeve;

the latch has a first end and a second end;

the third elastic piece is in a compressed state, one end of the third elastic piece is abutted against the plugging piece, and the other end of the third elastic piece is abutted against the first end of the bolt;

the first end of the bolt is clamped at the pipe orifice of one end, close to the sliding block, of the sleeve, and the second end of the bolt is provided with a locking state and an unlocking state, wherein the locking state extends out of the sleeve and abuts against one end of the sliding block, and the unlocking state retracts into the sleeve.

Optionally, the locking mechanism further comprises:

and the magnetic block is embedded on the secondary locking assembly.

Optionally, the magnetic block is embedded on a latch, and the secondary locking assembly includes the latch;

the bolt is a part of the secondary locking assembly which is abutted against the side end face of the sliding block in a locking state.

Optionally, the locking mechanism further comprises a limiting plate, and the limiting plate is detachably connected with the lock seat;

and when the sliding block is in a locking state, the limiting plate abuts against one end of the sliding block.

Optionally, a cushion is attached within the recess.

Optionally, the lock base is provided with a mounting hole at the bottom of the groove, and the cushion pad is connected with the groove through the mounting hole and the bolt.

Optionally, a connecting structure for connecting an unlocking device is arranged on the sliding block, and the connecting structure is detachably connected with the unlocking device.

Optionally, the connecting structure is arranged at the bottom of the sliding block and is a cylindrical groove body.

Optionally, an oil storage tank is arranged on the sliding block.

Optionally, the surface of the sliding block and/or the slideway is provided with an antirust coating.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric vehicle, including the locking mechanism as described above.

The utility model discloses a beneficial effect of embodiment is:

in the above scheme, the locking mechanism comprises a lock seat and a slide block movably connected with the lock seat; when the sliding block moves relative to the lock base, the sliding block has an unlocking state for releasing the lock tongue and a locking state for enclosing the lock tongue in a locking hole together with the lock base; the locking seat is movably connected with a limiting assembly, the locking seat is fixed to lock the sliding block through the limiting assembly, locking or unlocking of the locking mechanism is achieved, connection reliability is guaranteed, and automatic loosening and unlocking are prevented. The utility model discloses a locking mechanism's structural dimension is little and simple, and unblock and locking mode are simple reliable, have made things convenient for power battery's installation and dismantlement process, have improved power battery's change efficiency.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows one of the exploded views of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a front view of an unlocked state of the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a front view of a lock mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a left side view of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a right side view of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a view showing one of the locked state bottom views of the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a view showing one of the inner views of the locking state after the lock seat is hidden by the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 shows a second exploded view of the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a second internal view showing a locked state after the lock seat is hidden by the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a second front view showing a locked state of the lock mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a left side view of the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a plan view showing a locked state of the lock mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 shows a second locked state bottom view of the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic view illustrating the installation of the quick-change holder and the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 17 is a schematic view showing a state in which the battery pack according to the embodiment of the present invention is mounted;

fig. 18 is a second schematic view showing a battery pack installation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a battery pack;

11. a latch bolt;

12. a limiting block;

2. quickly replacing the bracket;

21. a first plate body;

22. a second plate body;

23. a first bolt hole;

24. a first mounting structure;

25. a second mounting structure;

3. a locking mechanism;

31. a lock seat;

310. a groove;

311. a slideway;

312. a first accommodating cavity;

313. a second accommodating cavity;

32. a slider;

320. a first limit groove;

321. a second limit groove;

33. a limiting component;

330. a first steel ball;

331. a first elastic member;

332. a first plug;

34. a second limiting component;

340. a second steel ball;

341. a second elastic member;

342. a second plug;

35. a cushion pad;

36. a limiting plate;

37. a secondary locking assembly;

370. a sleeve;

371. a bolt;

372. a third elastic member;

373. a blocking member;

38. and (5) a connecting structure.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1 to 13, an embodiment of the present invention provides a locking mechanism, including: a lock seat 31 and a slide block 32 movably connected with the lock seat 31;

when the sliding block 32 moves relative to the lock seat 31, the lock seat has a locking state that the lock seat and the sliding block 32 enclose to form a locking hole and an unlocking state that the locking hole is opened;

at least one limiting component is movably connected to the lock seat 31, and the lock seat 31 is fixed and locked to the sliding block 32 through the limiting component.

In the above embodiment, the locking mechanism 3 enables the lock holder 31 to have the unlocking state for releasing the battery pack 1 and the locking state for enclosing the lock hole together with the slider 32 for locking the battery pack 1 through the movable fit of the lock holder 31 and the slider 32, so as to realize the unlocking and locking of the battery pack. Wherein, lock seat 31 has further realized right through swing joint's spacing subassembly the locking of slider 32 locking state or unblock state is fixed, guarantees when locking mechanism 3 is in locking state or unblock state, reduces the automatic risk that loosens of slider 32, has guaranteed the reliability.

In an optional embodiment, the lock seat 31 is provided with a slide way 311 extending through along the horizontal direction; through the movable insertion of the slide block 32 in the slide way 311, the slide block 32 is movably connected with the lock seat 31.

Specifically, the lock base 31 is provided with a groove 310 extending in the vertical direction and having a downward opening, and the groove 310 is communicated with the slide way 311;

when the sliding block 32 moves in the sliding way 311, the sliding block 32 has a locking state that penetrates through the groove 310 and surrounds the lock tongue 11 in a locking hole with the groove 310, and an unlocking state that is far away from the groove 310 and enables the downward opening of the groove 310 to be communicated with the outside.

Preferably, the groove 310 is a "U" shaped groove, and an opening of the "U" shaped groove faces downward.

In an optional embodiment, the sliding block 32 is provided with a limit groove adapted to the limit component;

when the sliding block 32 moves relative to the lock base 31, the limiting component is clamped with or separated from the limiting groove.

Further, the lock seat 31 is provided with an accommodating cavity along the vertical direction, and the lower end of the accommodating cavity is communicated with the slide way 32;

the containing cavity is movably provided with the limiting assembly;

the slider 32 is in when the slide 311 removes, spacing subassembly supports and leans on the slider 32, through the removal of slider, make spacing subassembly with spacing groove joint or separation.

In an alternative embodiment, the stop assembly comprises a first stop assembly 33. Specifically, the lock seat 31 is movably connected with a first limiting component 33; the sliding block 32 is provided with a first limiting groove 320 matched with the first limiting component 33; when the sliding block 32 is in a locking state that the sliding block and the groove 310 enclose to form a locking hole, the first limiting component 33 is clamped with the first limiting groove 320; when the slide block 32 is in the unlocking state far away from the groove 310, the first limit component 33 moves out of the first limit groove 320.

In this embodiment, the lock seat 31 is fixed on the vehicle body, the sliding block 32 in the lock seat 31 slides in the slide way 311, so that the sliding block 32 can penetrate through the groove 310 and form a locking hole by enclosing with the arc-shaped groove of the groove 310, and the battery pack 1 is fixed and locked on the vehicle body through the locking hole; further, the slide block 32 slides in the slide way 311, and the slide block 32 can be far away from the groove 310, so that the downward opening of the groove 310 is communicated with the outside to realize the dismounting or mounting of the battery pack 1. Further, the first limiting groove 320 matched with the first limiting component 33 is formed in the first limiting component 33 and the sliding block 32 which are movably connected to the lock base 31, when the lock base is in a locking state, the first limiting component 33 is clamped in the first limiting groove 320, locking is guaranteed to be in place, locking fixation is achieved, and reliability of the locking state is improved.

It should be noted that the locking mechanism can be installed on the vehicle body chassis, the battery pack 1 is provided with the lock tongue 11, and the vehicle body chassis can be detachably connected with the lock tongue 11 of the battery pack 1 through a plurality of locking mechanisms by locking the lock tongue 11 in the locking hole formed by enclosing the slide block 32 and the arc-shaped groove of the groove 310, so that the battery pack 1 can be detached and installed.

As shown in fig. 1, there is shown an exploded view of the locking mechanism 3. As shown in fig. 2, which is a front view showing the unlocked state of the lock mechanism 3, as shown in fig. 3, which is a front view showing the locked state of the lock mechanism 3; as shown in fig. 4, it is a left side view showing a locked state of the lock mechanism 3; as shown in fig. 5, it is a right side view showing a locked state of the lock mechanism 3; as shown in fig. 6, it shows a bottom view of the locking mechanism 3 in the locked state; as shown in fig. 7, the locking mechanism 3 is shown in an internal view after hiding the lock base 31 in the locked state.

In an optional embodiment, the lock seat 31 is provided with a receiving cavity along the vertical direction, and the lower end of the receiving cavity is communicated with the slide way 311;

the accommodating cavity is internally provided with the limiting assembly; when the slide block 32 moves in the slide way 311, the limiting component is clamped with or separated from the limiting groove;

in an optional embodiment, the accommodating cavity includes a first accommodating cavity 312, and a first limiting assembly 33 is movably installed in the first accommodating cavity 312; the retaining groove includes a first retaining groove 320.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1, in an alternative embodiment, the lock seat 31 is provided with a first accommodating cavity 312 along a vertical direction, and a lower end of the first accommodating cavity 312 is communicated with the slide way 311; the first limiting assembly 33 is arranged in the first accommodating cavity 312; the sliding block 32 is provided with a first limiting groove 320 matched with the first limiting component 33;

when the sliding block 32 is in a locking state (as shown in fig. 3) that the sliding block and the groove 310 enclose to form the locking hole, the first limiting component 33 is clamped with the first limiting groove 320; when the slide block 32 is in the unlocked state away from the groove 310 (as shown in fig. 2), the first limit component 33 moves out of the first limit groove 320 and abuts against the slide block 32.

In this embodiment, the first limiting component 33 is installed in the first accommodating cavity 312, the moving track and the moving space of the first limiting component 33 are limited by the first accommodating cavity 312, the lower end of the first accommodating cavity 312 is further communicated with the slide way 311, the first limiting component 33 can be abutted against the slide block 32, when the slide block 32 is in a locking state which forms a locking hole by enclosing with the groove 310, the first limiting component 33 can be clamped with the first limiting groove 320, locking in place is achieved, and reliability of the locking state is guaranteed.

Further, in an optional embodiment, the accommodating cavity further includes a second accommodating cavity 313, the limiting assembly includes a second limiting assembly 34, and the second accommodating cavity 313 is movably provided with the second limiting assembly 34; the limiting groove comprises a second limiting groove 321.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a second accommodating cavity 313 extending in the vertical direction is further disposed on the lock seat 31, and a lower end of the second accommodating cavity 313 is communicated with the slide way 311; the second accommodating cavity 313 and the first accommodating cavity 312 are arranged on the lock seat 31 at intervals;

a second limiting component 34 is arranged in the second accommodating cavity 313; a second limiting groove 321 matched with the first limiting component 33 and the second limiting component 34 is formed in the sliding block 32;

when the sliding block 32 is in a locking state that the sliding block and the groove 310 enclose to form a locking hole, the second limiting component 34 is clamped with the second limiting groove 321; when the slide block 32 is in an unlocking state far away from the groove 310, the second limiting component 34 moves out of the second limiting groove 321 and abuts against the slide block 32, and the first limiting component 33 is clamped with the second limiting groove 321.

In this embodiment, the second accommodating cavity 313 limits the moving track and the moving space of the second limiting component 34, when the slider 32 is in a locking state that forms a locking hole with the groove 310, the second limiting component 34 is clamped in the second limiting groove 321, and the reliability and the stability of the locking state of the battery pack 1 are improved by clamping the two limiting components in the limiting grooves on the slider 32. Further, when the slide block 32 is in an unlocking state far away from the groove 310, the second limiting component 34 moves out of the second limiting groove 321 and abuts against the slide block 32, and the first limiting component 33 is clamped with the second limiting groove 321. Realized the unblock locking, when first spacing subassembly 33 and second spacing groove 321 joint, accomplished locking mechanical system 3's unblock operation promptly to make locking mechanical system 3 locking in the unblock state, guarantee the stability of unblock state, the dismantlement and the installation of the battery package 1 of being convenient for.

Wherein, for the installation and the dismantlement process of convenient spacing subassembly, the holding chamber is kept away from the upper end of slide 311 link up with the external world.

Optionally, the upper ends of the first accommodating cavity 312 and the second accommodating cavity 313 are communicated with the outside. This embodiment realizes that the first limiting component 33 and the second limiting component 34 can be installed from the upper end openings of the first accommodating cavity 312 and the second accommodating cavity 313, and facilitates the installation process of the first limiting component 33 and the second limiting component 34.

In an alternative embodiment, the stop assembly comprises: the steel ball, the elastic piece and the plug are sequentially arranged in the accommodating cavity from bottom to top;

the plug is fixedly connected with the upper port of the accommodating cavity; the elastic piece is in a compressed state; one end of the steel ball far away from the elastic piece is abutted against the sliding block 32.

Referring to fig. 1, in an alternative embodiment, the first limiting assembly 33 includes: the first steel ball 330, the first elastic piece 331 and the first plug 332 are sequentially arranged in the first accommodating cavity 312 from bottom to top;

the first plug 332 is fixedly connected with the upper port of the first accommodating cavity 312; the first elastic member 331 is in a compressed state; one end of the first steel ball 330 far away from the first elastic piece 331 abuts against the slide block 32;

when the slide block 32 is in a locking state that forms a locking hole with the groove 310, the first steel ball 330 is clamped into the first limiting groove 320 (as shown in fig. 7), and a sphere of the first steel ball 330 clamped into the first limiting groove 320 is smaller than a hemisphere of the first steel ball 330; when the slide block 32 is in the unlocking state far away from the groove 310, the first steel ball 330 moves out of the first limit groove 320 and abuts against the slide block 32.

In this embodiment, the first elastic member 331 includes, but is not limited to, a spring. The first elastic member 331 is in a compressed state, and the elastic force causes the first steel ball 330 to abut against the slide block 32; the first limiting groove 320 is a hemispherical arc-shaped groove pit structure smaller than the first steel ball 330. Under the action of the movement of the slide block 32 and the elastic force of the first elastic member 331, the first steel ball 330 can extend out of the first accommodating cavity 312 and be clamped in the first limiting groove 320, or retract into the first accommodating cavity 312.

Referring to fig. 1, in an alternative embodiment, the second limiting assembly 34 includes: the second steel ball 340, the second elastic piece 341 and the second plug 342 are sequentially arranged in the second accommodating cavity 313 from bottom to top;

the second plug 342 is fixedly connected with the upper port of the second accommodating cavity 313;

the second elastic member 341 is in a compressed state;

one end of the second steel ball 340 far away from the second elastic member 341 abuts against the slide block 32;

when the slide block 32 is in a locking state that forms a locking hole with the groove 310, the second steel ball 340 is clamped into the second limiting groove 321 (as shown in fig. 7), and a sphere of the second steel ball 340 clamped into the second limiting groove 321 is smaller than a hemisphere of the second steel ball 340;

when the slide block 32 is in the unlocking state far away from the groove 310, the second steel ball 340 moves out of the second limiting groove 321 and abuts against the slide block 32, the first steel ball 330 is clamped into the second limiting groove 321, and the sphere of the first steel ball 330 clamped into the second limiting groove 321 is smaller than the hemisphere of the first steel ball 330.

In this embodiment, the second elastic member 341 includes, but is not limited to, a spring. The first elastic member 341 is in a compressed state, and the elastic force causes the second steel ball 340 to abut against the slide block 32; the second limiting groove 321 is a circular arc-shaped groove pit structure smaller than the hemispheroids of the second steel ball 340 and the first steel ball 330. Under the action of the movement of the slide block 32 and the elastic force of the second elastic member 341, the second steel ball 340 can extend out of the second accommodating cavity 313 and be clamped in the second limiting groove 321, or retract into the second accommodating cavity 313. Optionally, the first receiving cavity 312 and the second receiving cavity 313 are cylindrical structures.

Note that the first accommodation chamber 312 and the second accommodation chamber 313 include a cylindrical through-hole structure;

as an implementation manner, the lower ends of the first accommodating cavity 312 and the second accommodating cavity 313, which are communicated with the slide way 311, may be of a closed structure, so that the lower ends of the first accommodating cavity 312 and the second accommodating cavity 313 may be exposed out of a partial sphere smaller than the hemisphere of the first steel ball 330 and the second steel ball 340, so that the first steel ball 330 and the second steel ball 340 may not fall out to the slide way 311 after the slider 32 is completely moved out of the slide way 311.

Further, to ensure that the slide block 32 is inserted into the slide way 311, the slide way 311 can provide a supporting force for the slide block 32. A supporting portion is arranged on part of the side wall of the slide way 311, and the slide way 311 is connected with and supports the slide block 32 through the supporting portion. Specifically, a convex portion or a concave portion is arranged on a part of the side wall of the slide way 311; a part of the side wall of the slider 32 is provided with a concave part which is in fit connection with the convex part of the slide way 311 or a convex part which is in fit connection with the concave part of the slide way 311.

Preferably, the cross section of the slide way 311 is in an "i" shape (as shown in fig. 1 and 4), a "T" shape or an "L" (not shown); when the cross section of the slide way 311 is in an i shape, the cross section of the slide block 32 is in an i shape (as shown in fig. 1 and 4); when the cross section of the slide way 311 is T-shaped, the cross section of the slide block 32 is T-shaped; when the cross section of the slide way 311 is "L", the cross section of the slider 32 is "L" shaped.

In this embodiment, the slide way 311 and the slide block 32 with the cross section being in an "i" shape, a "T" shape, or an "L" shape may be used to make the slide block 32 slide along the slide way 311, so as to limit the moving track of the slide block 32, and of course, the cross sections of the slide way 311 and the slide block 32 may also be rectangular or in other shapes, which is not limited to this.

Further, in order to facilitate unlocking and locking, a connecting structure 38 for connecting an unlocking device is arranged on the sliding block 32, and the connecting structure 38 is detachably connected with the unlocking device.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 6, the connecting structure 38 is a cylindrical groove.

Further, the lower portion of the slide way 311 is communicated with the outside, so that the bottom surface of the slider 32 is communicated with the outside after the slider 32 is inserted into the slide way 311. The connecting structure 38 is arranged at the bottom of the sliding block 32, the unlocking device can be connected with the connecting structure 38 from the bottom of the sliding block 32 at the lower part of the sliding block 32, so that the uniform unlocking and uniform locking operation of the power battery quick-change station on a plurality of locking mechanisms 3 is realized, the power battery can be conveniently installed and detached, and the replacement efficiency of the power battery is improved.

Wherein, an oil storage tank is arranged on the slide block 32. This embodiment avoids the problem that the difficulty of assembling the slider 32 and the slide way 311 on the lock holder 31 is increased due to friction when the slider and the lock holder slide relatively, and prolongs the service life of the locking mechanism 3.

In addition, in order to avoid corrosion of the locking mechanism 3 during long-term use and influence the assembly of the sliding block 32 and the lock seat 31, the surface of the sliding block 32 and/or the sliding way 311 is provided with an antirust coating.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, when the slide way 311 is a through slide way penetrating through the lock seat 31, the locking mechanism 3 further includes a limit plate 36, and the limit plate 36 is detachably connected to the lock seat 31; in the locked state, the stopper plate 36 abuts against one end of the slider 32.

In this embodiment, a limiting plate 36 is further sealed at one end of the slide way 311 close to the groove 310 to ensure that the slider 32 does not slide out of the slide way 311.

It is understood that the retainer plate 36 and the lock seat 31 may be formed as a single piece.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a cushion 35 is connected to the groove 310. The buffer pad 35 plays a role in buffering in the process of installing the battery pack 1, so that the rigid collision between the lock tongue 11 and the groove is avoided, and the collision damage between the groove and the lock tongue 11 is avoided.

Optionally, the lock base 31 is provided with a mounting hole at the bottom of the groove 310, and the cushion pad 35 is bolted to the groove 310 through the mounting hole.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a recess is formed on the lock seat 31 at a position where the cushion pad 35 is mounted, so that the mounting bolt of the cushion pad 35 does not protrude from the lock seat 31.

The following describes the locking and unlocking process of the locking mechanism 3 shown in fig. 1 to 7 as follows:

(1) when locking, the first steel ball 330 and the second steel ball 340 are respectively inserted into the first limiting groove 320 and the second limiting groove 321 of the slider 32 by the pushing of the first elastic piece 331 and the second elastic piece 341, and the movement of the slider 32 is limited under the action of the first elastic piece 331 and the elastic second elastic piece 341, so that locking and fixing are realized;

(2) when unlocking, the sliding block 32 is dragged to move outwards to unlock, the second steel ball 340 moves out of the second limiting groove 321 and abuts against the sliding block 32, and when the first steel ball 330 moves out of the first limiting groove 310 and is clamped into the second limiting groove 321, unlocking and locking are achieved.

On the basis of the locking mechanism 3 shown in fig. 1 to 7, the locking mechanism 3 may further include a secondary locking assembly 37, which implements secondary locking fixation of the locking mechanism 3.

In an alternative embodiment, the secondary locking assembly 37 is fixedly connected to the lock base 31; when the sliding block 32 is in a locking state that the sliding block and the groove 310 enclose to form a locking hole, the secondary locking component 37 abuts against one end of the sliding block 32 far away from the groove 310.

Referring to fig. 8-13, a locking mechanism 3 with a secondary locking assembly 37 is shown.

Fig. 8 shows an exploded view of locking mechanism 3 with secondary locking assembly 37. As shown in fig. 9, which shows an internal view of the locking mechanism 3 in the locked state with the lock housing 31 and the sleeve 370 hidden, as shown in fig. 10, which shows a front view of the locking mechanism 3 with the secondary locking assembly 37 in the locked state; as shown in fig. 11, which is a left side view showing the locked state of locking mechanism 3 with secondary lock assembly 37; as shown in fig. 12, which is a plan view of the locked state of locking mechanism 3 with secondary lock assembly 37; as shown in fig. 13, a bottom view of the locked state of the locking mechanism 3 with the secondary locking assembly 37 is shown.

Referring to fig. 8 to 13, the secondary locking assembly 37 includes a sleeve 370, and a tube wall of the sleeve 370 is fixedly connected to the lock seat 31; a pipe orifice of one end of the sleeve 370 away from the sliding block 32 is connected with a plugging piece 373; a third elastic piece 372 and a bolt 371 are arranged in the sleeve 370; the latch 371 has a first end and a second end; the third elastic member 372 is in a compressed state, one end of the third elastic member 372 abuts against the blocking member 373, and the other end of the third elastic member 372 abuts against the first end of the plug 371; a first end of the latch 371 is clipped at a pipe orifice of the sleeve 370 near one end of the sliding block 32, and a second end of the latch 371 has a locking state (as shown in fig. 9 to 10) extending out of the sleeve 370 and abutting against one end of the sliding block 32 far away from the groove 310, and an unlocking state retracting into the sleeve 370. As can be seen in fig. 9 and 11, the second end of the latch 371 has a secondary locking state protruding out of the sleeve 370 and abutting against an end of the slider 32 remote from the groove 310. Wherein the third elastic member 372 includes, but is not limited to, a spring.

This embodiment has realized that the secondary locking to the locking mechanical system 3 that is in the locking state is fixed, prevents that locking mechanical system 3 from unexpected unblock at the driving in-process, has improved locking mechanical system 3 locking reliability and stability.

The following describes the locking and unlocking process of the locking mechanism 3 with the secondary locking assembly 37:

(1) when locking, the first steel ball 330 and the second steel ball 340 are respectively inserted into the first limiting groove 320 and the second limiting groove 321 of the slider 32 by the pushing of the first elastic member 331 and the second elastic member 341, the movement of the slider 32 is limited under the action of the first elastic member 331 and the second elastic member 341, and the movement of the slider 32 is further limited by the bolt 371 in the secondary locking assembly 37 under the pushing of the third elastic member 372;

(2) when unlocking, the bolt 371 in the secondary locking assembly 37 is moved upwards to compress the third elastic member 372, then the slider 32 is dragged to move outwards to unlock, the second steel ball 340 is moved out of the second limiting groove 321 and abutted against the slider 32, and when the first steel ball 330 is moved out of the first limiting groove 310 and clamped into the second limiting groove 321, unlocking and locking are realized.

The connection of the lock mechanism 3 to the vehicle body will be described with reference to fig. 14.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, the locking mechanism 3 may be mounted on a quick-change holder 2, the quick-change holder 2 being fixed to the vehicle body.

Specifically, the quick-change bracket 2 includes: the first plate body 21 is annular, and the first plate body 21 is surrounded to form an installation space; the two opposite inner side surfaces of the first plate body 21 are respectively connected with a plurality of locking mechanisms 3 at intervals.

In this embodiment, the first plate 21 is surrounded to form a mounting space for the battery pack 1. A plurality of locking mechanisms 3 are respectively connected to two opposite inner side surfaces of the first plate body 21 at intervals to ensure the stability and reliability of a locking state.

Further, a plurality of first bolt holes (not shown) are formed in the first plate body 21; at least one second bolt hole (not shown) is arranged on the locking mechanism 3; the first plate 21 and the locking mechanism 3 are bolted through the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole.

In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 3 is detachably connected to the quick-change bracket 2 through bolts and bolt holes.

Further, a plurality of first pin holes (not shown) are formed in the first plate body 21; at least one second pin hole (not shown) is formed in the locking mechanism 3; the first plate body 21 and the locking mechanism 3 are fixedly connected through a first pin hole and a second pin hole in a penetrating mode through a pin shaft.

In this embodiment, the plurality of first pin holes provided in the first plate 21 and the at least one second pin hole provided in the locking mechanism 3 realize positioning of the mounting position of the locking mechanism 3 on the quick-change bracket 2, and after the pin shaft is fixed by being inserted through the first pin holes and the second pin holes, the pin shaft is welded, thereby improving the connection reliability.

Referring to fig. 14, further, the first plate body 21 is further provided with second plate bodies 22 respectively folded outwards at the upper edges of two opposite side surfaces, and the second plate bodies 22 are provided with a plurality of third bolt holes 23; the second plate 22 is bolted to the vehicle body through the third bolt hole 23.

In this embodiment, the connection between the quick-change bracket 2 and the chassis of the vehicle body is realized through the folded second plate body 22 connected with the first plate body 21, and the quick-change bracket occupies no connection space and is stable.

Referring to fig. 14, the first plate body 21 is further connected with a first mounting structure 24 and a second mounting structure 25 on two side surfaces adjacent to the second plate body 22;

a fourth bolt hole and a fifth bolt hole are respectively formed in the first mounting structure 24 and the second mounting structure 25; the first plate body 21 is bolted to the vehicle body through the fourth bolt hole and the fifth bolt hole.

In this embodiment, the first mounting structure 24 and the second mounting structure 25 are respectively disposed on the first plate 21 and on two sides adjacent to the second plate 22, so that the quick-change bracket 2 is connected to the chassis of the vehicle body, and the connection reliability and stability are further improved.

The battery pack 1 will be described with reference to fig. 15 to 17.

As shown in fig. 15, the locking tongue 11 is fixedly arranged at the side wall of the battery pack 1; the width of the groove 310 is greater than that of the locking tongue 11, so that the locking tongue 11 can be pushed into or pulled out of the groove 310.

Referring to fig. 16, the locking tongue 11 is preferably of a cylindrical structure. The diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the width of the groove 310 to ensure that the latch bolt 11 can be pushed into or discharged from the groove 310.

Further, as shown in fig. 15 to 17, the battery pack 1 is further provided with a plurality of limiting blocks 12 for supporting a gap between the battery pack 1 and the quick-change bracket 2 when the battery pack 1 is in an installation state with the quick-change bracket 2 as shown in fig. 17, so as to prevent the battery pack 1 from shaking in the quick-change bracket 2, and improve the connection stability between the battery pack 1 and the quick-change bracket 2. Note that the locking mechanism 3 is not shown in fig. 17.

As shown in fig. 18, a schematic view of the installation state of the battery pack 1, the quick-change holder 2, and the plurality of locking mechanisms 3 is shown. In fig. 18, a plurality of locking tongues 11 are arranged on the battery pack 1; the locking mechanism 3 is detachably connected with the quick-change bracket 2; the battery pack 1 is detachably connected with the locking mechanism 3 through the lock tongue 11.

In this embodiment, the quick-change bracket 2 may be mounted on a chassis of a vehicle body, the plurality of locking mechanisms 3 are detachably connected to the quick-change bracket 2 through the lock holder 31, and the slide block 32 in the lock holder 31 slides in the slide way 311, so that the slide block 32 can penetrate through the groove 310 and form a locking hole with an arc-shaped groove of the groove 310 in an enclosing manner, thereby locking the lock tongue 11 in the locking hole, and fixing and locking the battery pack 1 on the quick-change bracket 2; further, the sliding block 32 slides in the sliding way 311, so that the sliding block 32 can be far away from the groove 310, the downward opening of the groove 310 is communicated with the outside and is released or pushed into the locking tongue 11, the unlocking or mounting process of the battery pack 1 is completed, and the quick-change bracket 2 is used for detaching the battery pack 1 or mounting the battery pack 1 on the quick-change bracket 2. Further, through the first limiting component 33 movably connected to the lock base 31 and the first limiting groove 320 matched with the first limiting component 33 and arranged on the sliding block 32, when the sliding block 32 and the groove 310 lock the lock tongue 11, the first limiting component 33 is clamped in the first limiting groove 320, and the reliability of locking in place and locking state is ensured.

In this embodiment, when the locking mechanism 3 is in the unlocked state, the battery pack 1 can be installed in a lifting manner, so that each lock tongue 11 of the battery pack 1 is pushed into the groove 310, when each lock tongue 11 on the battery pack 1 is located in the groove, the slide block 32 fixes the lock tongue 11 on the locking mechanism, the battery pack 1 is fixed by the quick-change bracket 2, and when the battery pack 1 needs to be dismounted, the slide block 32 releases the lock tongue 11, so that the battery pack 1 is dismounted.

It should be noted that the groove is disposed in the direction in which the lock seat 31 extends in the vertical direction and has a downward opening, and the groove 310 may be a non-through structure or a through structure on the side that extends in the horizontal direction of the lock seat 31 and is close to the quick-change bracket 2, and may be an opening that is communicated with the outside on the side that is far away from the quick-change bracket 2. Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the groove 310 is of a non-penetrating structure on a side close to the quick-change bracket 2 in the horizontal direction of the lock seat 31, and is used for supporting one end of the bolt 11 far away from the battery pack 1.

In an alternative embodiment, to monitor the status of the secondary locking assembly 37, the locking mechanism further comprises: a magnetic block embedded in the secondary locking assembly 37.

A sensor is mounted at a position corresponding to the secondary locking assembly 37 embedded with the magnetic block in the locking state, so that when the secondary locking assembly 37 is in the locking state, the sensor outputs an electric signal. The lock-down state of the secondary lock assembly 37 is monitored by the output electric signal.

In an alternative embodiment, the first magnetic block is embedded in a latch 371, and the secondary locking assembly 37 comprises the latch 371;

the latch 371 is a part of the secondary lock assembly 37 that abuts against a side end surface of the slider 32 in a locked state.

In this embodiment, a magnetic block is embedded in the pin 371 for cooperating with a sensor to sense whether the pin 371 has been locked. Specifically, the sensor is installed at a corresponding position when the latch 371 is in the locked state, and when the second end of the latch 371 is in the locked state extending out of the sleeve and abutting against one end of the slider, the sensor outputs an electrical signal. The sensor and the magnetic block are arranged to sense the locking state of the secondary locking mechanism, and an electric signal is output after the secondary locking mechanism is determined to be locked. By outputting an electrical signal indicative of the lock-out, the reliability of the secondary lock-out state can be diagnosed, ensuring that the battery pack 1 is locked-out and fixed secondarily.

Further, a sensor is mounted on the outer side surface of the quick-change bracket 2 at a position corresponding to the bolt 371 embedded with the magnetic block in a locked state, and the sensor is electrically connected with a vehicle control unit of the electric vehicle through a wire harness;

wherein, when the second end of the bolt 371 is in a locking state extending out of the sleeve 370 and abutting against one end of the slider 32, the sensor sends an electrical signal to the vehicle control unit.

In this embodiment, the sensor is electrically connected with a vehicle control unit of the electric vehicle through a wire harness and a connector clip. And the sensor is powered by the electric automobile; wherein, if the embodiment of the utility model provides an if for two and more than two locking mechanical system installations during the sensor, it is a plurality of after the sensor is established ties with the vehicle control unit electricity is connected, it is a plurality of when the equal sign of the signal of telecommunication of sensor output has fallen the lock, confirm battery package 1 is put in place by the secondary locking.

It should be noted that the principle of the sensor is as follows: when a magnetic object approaches the sensor, a Hall element on a switch detection surface of the sensor generates a Hall effect to change the state of an internal circuit of the switch, so that the on-off of the switch is controlled by the magnetic object; preferably, the current effective action distance is 5 mm.

The utility model also provides an electric automobile, include as above locking mechanism.

According to the scheme, the electric automobile realizes the dismounting process of the battery pack 1 through the locking mechanism, and the dismounting of the battery pack 1 can be realized only by respectively jacking the secondary locking assembly 37 and the movable sliding block 32; and locking mechanism 3's size is little, and simple structure is convenient for realize the universalization, further through secondary locking subassembly 37 among the locking mechanism 3, can prevent that slider 32 from removing and automatic unblock in the driving process, has improved the locking reliability of battery package 1. This scheme has simple structure and does not account for the space of battery package, only needs the quantity that increases locking mechanism 3 to realize fixed to battery package 1, is convenient for realize the universalization, has the dismantlement mode simple and reliable, and any shape outward appearance battery package of being convenient for carries out the effect of popularization and application, is convenient for change and maintenance, is favorable to realizing trading the standardization of station, has made things convenient for power battery's installation and dismantlement process, has improved power battery's change efficiency.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can communicate with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

The foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A locking mechanism, comprising:

a lock seat (31) and a slide block (32) movably connected with the lock seat (31);

when the sliding block (32) moves relative to the lock seat (31), the lock seat is in a locking state that the lock seat and the sliding block (32) enclose to form a locking hole and an unlocking state that the locking hole is opened;

at least one limiting assembly is movably connected to the lock seat (31), and the lock seat (31) is fixedly locked to the sliding block (32) through the limiting assembly.

2. The locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the sliding block (32) is provided with a limiting groove matched with the limiting component;

when the sliding block (32) moves relative to the lock seat (31), the limiting assembly is clamped with or separated from the limiting groove.

3. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock base (31) is provided with a slide way (311) extending through along the horizontal direction; the sliding block (32) is movably inserted into the sliding way (311), and the sliding block (32) is movably connected with the lock seat (31).

4. The locking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that the lock base (31) is provided with a groove (310) extending in a vertical direction and opening downwards;

the groove (310) is communicated with the slide way (311);

when the sliding block (32) moves in the slide way (311), the sliding block (32) is provided with a locking state which penetrates through the groove (310) and is enclosed with the groove (310) to form a locking hole, and an unlocking state which is far away from the groove (310) and enables the downward opening of the groove (310) to be communicated with the outside.

5. The locking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that the lock base (31) is provided with a receiving cavity along the vertical direction, and the lower end of the receiving cavity is communicated with the slideway (311);

the containing cavity is movably provided with the limiting assembly;

when the sliding block (32) moves in the sliding way (311), the limiting component abuts against the sliding block (32).

6. The locking mechanism of claim 5, wherein the limit stop assembly comprises: the steel ball, the elastic piece and the plug are sequentially arranged in the accommodating cavity from bottom to top;

the plug is fixedly connected with the upper port of the accommodating cavity;

the elastic piece is in a compressed state;

one end of the steel ball, which is far away from the elastic piece, is abutted against the sliding block (32).

7. The lock mechanism of claim 5, wherein the receiving cavity is of a cylindrical configuration.

8. The locking mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper end of the accommodating cavity far away from the slideway (311) is communicated with the outside.

9. The locking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that part of the side walls of the slide (311) is provided with a support by which the slide (311) is connected and supports the slider (32).

10. The locking mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that the cross section of the slide (311) is "i" -shaped, "T" -shaped or "L";

when the cross section of the slide way (311) is I-shaped, the cross section of the slide block (32) is I-shaped;

when the cross section of the slide way (311) is T-shaped, the cross section of the slide block (32) is T-shaped;

when the section of the slide way (311) is L-shaped, the section of the slide block (32) is L-shaped.

11. The locking mechanism according to claim 10, characterized in that the lower part of the slide (311) communicates with the outside.

12. The locking mechanism of claim 1, further comprising a secondary locking assembly (37);

when the sliding block (32) is in a locking state that the sliding block and the lock seat (31) enclose to form a locking hole, the secondary locking assembly (37) abuts against the sliding block (32) to prevent the sliding block (32) from moving relative to the lock seat (31).

13. The locking mechanism of claim 12, wherein the secondary locking assembly (37) comprises a sleeve (370), wherein the wall of the sleeve (370) is fixedly connected with the lock base (31);

a pipe orifice of one end of the sleeve (370) far away from the sliding block (32) is connected with a plugging piece (373);

a third elastic piece (372) and a bolt (371) are arranged in the sleeve (370);

the pin (371) has a first end and a second end;

the third elastic piece (372) is in a compressed state, one end of the third elastic piece (372) is abutted against the blocking piece (373), and the other end of the third elastic piece (372) is abutted against the first end of the plug pin (371);

the first end of the bolt (371) is clamped at the pipe orifice of one end of the sliding block (32) close to the sleeve (370), and the second end of the bolt (371) is provided with a locking state which extends out of the sleeve (370) and is resisted at one end of the sliding block (32) and an unlocking state which retracts into the sleeve (370).

14. The locking mechanism of claim 12, further comprising:

and the magnetic block is embedded on the secondary locking assembly (37).

15. The locking mechanism of claim 14,

the magnetic block is embedded on a bolt (371), and the secondary locking assembly (37) comprises the bolt (371);

the bolt (371) is a part of the secondary locking assembly (37) which is abutted against the side end face of the sliding block (32) in a locking state.

16. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising a limiting plate (36), wherein the limiting plate (36) is detachably connected with the lock seat (31);

in the locking state, the limit plate (36) abuts against one end of the sliding block (32).

17. The locking mechanism of claim 4, wherein a cushion (35) is attached within said "recess (310).

18. The locking mechanism of claim 17, wherein the lock housing (31) is provided with a mounting hole at a bottom of the groove (310), and the cushion pad (35) is bolted to the groove (310) through the mounting hole.

19. The locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the slider (32) is provided with a connecting structure for connecting with an unlocking device, and the connecting structure is detachably connected with the unlocking device.

20. The locking mechanism of claim 19, wherein the connecting structure is provided at the bottom of the slider (32) as a cylindrical groove.

21. The locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the slide (32) is provided with an oil reservoir.

22. The locking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that the surface of the slider (32) and/or the slideway (311) is provided with a rust-proof coating.

23. An electric vehicle, characterized by comprising a locking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 22.