CN211464648U - Bending device of steel wire retainer ring machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a bending device of steel wire retaining ring machine, which comprises a frame, be equipped with in the frame and be used for transmitting the steel wire transmission mechanism, be used for becoming the mechanism of bending of retaining ring and the cutting mechanism who cuts off the retaining ring behind the pinch roller with the steel wire pinch roller, transmission mechanism includes the transmission passageway, the mechanism of bending is including the passageway of bending, the passageway of bending includes second discharge gate and second feed inlet, first discharge gate and second feed inlet correspond the setting, the mechanism of bending still including main pinch roller and inferior pinch roller, main pinch roller sets up in second feed inlet position, and inferior pinch roller all sets up the one side of keeping away from the second feed inlet at main pinch roller, cutting mechanism sets up in second discharge gate department. Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model provides a bending device of steel wire retaining ring machine, this bending device can bend the steel wire into the retaining ring shape, sets up like this and makes the retaining ring of continuous processing not have the blanking of stamping workpiece and step on angle and hypotenuse, and material utilization is high.

Description

Bending device of steel wire retainer ring machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a bending device of steel wire retaining ring machine.

Background

The steel wire retainer ring with the split ring structure is a common mechanical part, has standard design, mainly plays a role of fastening a ring-shaped machine part on a shaft, can prevent other parts mounted on the shaft from moving, and belongs to a fastener. In the prior art, the retainer ring is mainly formed by directly processing a whole plate in a stamping mode, and the method has the following defects: the material utilization rate is low; a stamping pedal angle and a bevel edge are generated, so that the mechanical property of the steel wire retainer ring is influenced; the steel wire retainer ring has more cutting surfaces.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at: in order to overcome prior art's defect, the utility model provides a bending device of steel wire retaining ring machine, this bending device can be bent into the retaining ring shape with the steel wire, sets up like this and makes things convenient for the subsequent processing of retaining ring for the retaining ring is convenient for assemble, and the bearing capacity is strong, and angle and hypotenuse are stepped on to the blanking that does not have the stamping workpiece, and material utilization is high.

The technical scheme of the utility model: the utility model provides a bending device of steel wire retainer ring machine, its characterized in that, includes the frame, be equipped with in the frame and be used for transmitting the steel wire transmission device, be used for becoming the mechanism of bending of retaining ring and the cutting mechanism who cuts off the retaining ring behind the pinch roller with the steel wire pinch roller, transmission device includes the transmission passageway, the mechanism of bending is including the passageway of bending, the transmission passageway includes first discharge gate and first feed inlet, the passageway of bending includes second discharge gate and second feed inlet, first discharge gate and second feed inlet correspond the setting, the mechanism of bending is still including main pinch roller and inferior pinch roller, main pinch roller sets up in second feed inlet position, and the setting of inferior pinch roller is in one side that the second feed inlet was kept away from to main pinch roller, and the periphery circumference of inferior pinch roller along main pinch roller distributes, cutting mechanism sets up in second discharge gate department.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, transport mechanism transmits the steel wire to the passageway department of bending, the steel wire is earlier through main pinch roller after coming out from first discharge gate, the steel wire is buckled to inferior pinch roller direction under the effect of main pinch roller, buckle to second discharge gate direction under the effect of inferior pinch roller again, after the steel wire is buckled and is the retaining ring, the steel wire of setting in second discharge gate department is tailor with the steel wire of second discharge gate department to the cutting mechanism, the steel wire just forms the retaining ring shape at last, earlier the shape of retaining ring is bent into to the steel wire through the mechanism of bending, make things convenient for follow-up processing to become the retaining ring, make the retaining ring after the processing be convenient for assemble, the bearing capacity is strong, and do not have the blanking of stamping workpiece to step on angle and hypot.

The utility model discloses a further setting: the cutting mechanism comprises a cutter and a first driving mechanism for driving the cutter to work, a positioning block is arranged on the rack, the positioning block and the rack are arranged at intervals to form a guide channel for the check ring to pass through, the cutter is located at an outlet of the guide channel and is arranged opposite to the positioning block, and the first driving mechanism can drive the cutter to move towards the direction close to the positioning block or move towards the direction far away from the positioning block.

Adopt above-mentioned further setting, the setting of direction passageway can prevent that the steel wire from buckling to other directions at the in-process of buckling, can not form the shape of retaining ring, after the steel wire is bent into the retaining ring, first actuating mechanism drive cutter moves to the locating piece direction, cuts off the steel wire, forms a complete retaining ring, and the locating piece sets up with the cutter relatively, can be better cut off the steel wire, set up like this can be better assurance steel wire bend into the retaining ring shape, make things convenient for subsequent processing.

The utility model discloses a further setting again: the bending mechanism further comprises a first adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the distance between the secondary pressing wheel and the main pressing wheel, a first mounting seat is arranged on the rack, the first adjusting mechanism comprises a first screw rod, a first sliding seat in threaded fit with the first screw rod and a first driving piece driving the first screw rod to rotate, the first screw rod is arranged on the first mounting seat, and the secondary pressing wheel is fixedly mounted on the first sliding seat.

Adopt above-mentioned further setting again, rotate first screw rod and drive first mount pad and slide to keeping away from main pinch roller direction to make the distance between main pinch roller and the secondary pinch roller lengthen, can be used for the retaining ring of different size of a dimension of bending like this, facilitate the use, more than inject with a size.

The utility model discloses a still further set up: the first driving mechanism comprises a second driving piece and a second mounting seat fixedly arranged on the second driving piece, the cutter is arranged on the second mounting seat, a second screw rod and a movable frame in threaded fit with the second screw rod are arranged on the frame, the second driving piece and the positioning block are arranged on two sides of the movable frame relatively, a positioning column is arranged on the positioning block, a first spring is arranged on the positioning column, and the first spring and the cutter are arranged relatively.

Adopt the aforesaid to set up still further, second driving piece drive cutter is to the motion of locating piece direction or keep away from the motion of locating piece direction, the cutter conveniently cuts off the steel wire with the locating piece cooperation more, a buffer power of cutter and locating piece is given in the setting of first spring, the indestructible cutter, the second screw rod rotates and drives the adjustable shelf and slide from top to bottom, because of second driving piece and locating piece all set up on the adjustable shelf, so second driving piece and locating piece slide along with the adjustable shelf is synchronous, thereby distance between adjustable locating piece and the main pinch roller, make the distance between main pinch roller and the locating piece grow long, can be used for the retaining ring of the not unidimensional size of bending like this, and is convenient to use.

The utility model discloses a still further set up: the conveying mechanism further comprises at least one group of conveying wheel set, the conveying wheel set comprises a first conveying wheel and a second conveying wheel, a guide assembly used for conveying steel wires is arranged between the first conveying wheel and the second conveying wheel, the guide assembly comprises a first guide plate and a second guide plate which are arranged oppositely, the first guide plate is arranged on the rack, the second guide plate is arranged on the first guide plate and forms a conveying channel used for conveying the steel wires between the first guide plate and the second guide plate, the conveying channel is communicated with the bending channel, and a second driving mechanism used for driving the conveying wheel set to work and a second adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the distance between the first conveying wheel and the second conveying wheel are further arranged on the rack.

Adopt above-mentioned still further setting again, form transmission path through the setting of first deflector and second deflector and make the steel wire can not bend or skew transmission track at the in-process of conveying, all the time in transmission path, better like this transmit the steel wire to the passageway of bending in, the convenient process of bending to the steel wire.

The utility model discloses a still further set up: still be equipped with straightening mechanism in the frame, straightening mechanism includes a plurality of straightening wheel, and each straightening wheel sets up along the transmission path direction.

By adopting the further arrangement, the straightening mechanism can straighten the steel wire to ensure that the steel wire is in a straight state before the bending mechanism, so that the subsequent processing of the bending mechanism is facilitated.

The utility model discloses a still further set up: the second driving mechanism comprises a third driving piece and a gear connected with an output shaft of the third driving piece, a rotating shaft is arranged on the gear, and the rotating shaft is in linkage fit with the first transmission wheel.

By adopting the above further arrangement, the third driving piece drives the gear to rotate, and the rotating shaft on the gear drives the first transmission wheel to rotate, so that the transmission effect is realized, and the steel wire is transmitted into the bending channel.

The utility model discloses a still further set up: the second adjusting mechanism comprises a third screw and a fourth driving piece for driving the third screw to rotate, a third mounting seat for mounting the first conveying wheel, a fourth mounting seat for mounting the second conveying wheel and a second spring are further arranged on the rack, two ends of the second spring are respectively connected with the third mounting seat and the fourth mounting seat, and the third screw is abutted to the fourth mounting seat.

By adopting the above further arrangement, the third screw rod is rotated to move towards the direction away from the first conveying wheel, the third screw rod is abutted to the fourth mounting seat, and the second spring is arranged between the fourth mounting seat and the third mounting seat, so that the second spring can push the fourth mounting seat towards the direction away from the third mounting seat under the condition of no compression, the distance between the third mounting seat and the fourth mounting seat can be adjusted, the distance between the first conveying wheel and the second conveying wheel is lengthened, the third screw rod is rotated towards the opposite direction to move towards the direction close to the first conveying wheel, the fourth mounting seat is pushed towards the third mounting seat, and the second spring is extruded, so that the distance between the third mounting seat and the fourth mounting seat is shortened, and the distance between the first conveying wheel and the second conveying wheel is changed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of a bending mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first adjustment mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of a transport mechanism in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a guide assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a straightening mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a second drive mechanism in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 9 is a top view of a transport mechanism in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line a-a in fig. 9.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-10, a bending device of a steel wire retainer ring machine includes a frame 1, a transmission mechanism 2 for transmitting a steel wire, a bending mechanism 3 for forming a steel wire retainer ring by a steel wire pressing wheel, and a cutting mechanism 4 for cutting off the retainer ring after the pressing wheel are disposed on the frame 1, the transmission mechanism 2 includes a transmission channel 20, the bending mechanism 3 includes a bending channel 30, the transmission channel 20 includes a first discharge port 21 and a first feed port 22, the bending channel 30 includes a second discharge port 31 and a second feed port 32, the first discharge port 22 and the second feed port 31 are disposed correspondingly, the bending mechanism 3 further includes a main pressing wheel 33 and a sub pressing wheel 34, the main pressing wheel 33 is disposed at the position of the second feed port 32, the sub pressing wheel 34 is disposed at one side of the main pressing wheel 33 far from the second feed port 32, and the sub pressing wheel 34 is circumferentially distributed along the periphery of the main pressing wheel 33, in order to better bend the steel wires, in the embodiment, two secondary pressing wheels 34 are provided and distributed along the circumference of the main pressing wheel 33, the cutting mechanism 4 is provided at the second discharge port 32, the conveying mechanism 2 conveys the steel wires to the bending channel 30, the steel wires pass through the main pressing wheel 33 after coming out of the first discharge port 21, the steel wires are bent towards the secondary pressing wheel 34 under the action of the main pressing wheel 33 and then bent towards the second discharge port 32 under the action of the secondary pressing wheel 34, after the steel wires are bent to form a check ring, the cutting mechanism 4 provided at the second discharge port 32 cuts the steel wires at the second discharge port 32, finally the steel wires form the check ring shape, the steel wires are bent to the check ring shape through the bending mechanism 3, so that the subsequent processing to the check ring is convenient, and the processed check ring is convenient to assemble, the bearing capacity is strong, and does not have the blanking of stamping workpiece and steps on angle and hypotenuse, and material utilization is high, can not cause the waste.

In this embodiment, the cutting mechanism 4 includes a cutter 41 and a first driving mechanism for driving the cutter 41 to work, a positioning block 5 is disposed on the frame 1, the positioning block 5 and the frame 1 are disposed at an interval to form a guiding channel 51 for the check ring to pass through, the cutter 41 is disposed at an outlet of the guiding channel 51 and is disposed opposite to the positioning block 5, the first driving mechanism can drive the cutter 41 to move toward the positioning block 5 or move away from the positioning block 5, the guiding channel 51 is disposed to prevent the steel wire from bending toward other directions during bending, and cannot form the shape of the check ring, after the steel wire is bent into the check ring, the first driving mechanism drives the cutter 41 to move toward the positioning block 5 to cut the steel wire to form a complete check ring, the positioning block 5 is disposed opposite to the cutter 41 to better cut the steel wire, so as to better ensure that the steel wire is bent into the shape of the check ring, the subsequent processing is convenient.

In this embodiment, the bending mechanism 3 further includes a first adjusting mechanism 35 for adjusting a distance between the secondary pressure wheel 34 and the main pressure wheel 33, the frame 1 is provided with a first mounting seat 36, the first adjusting mechanism 35 includes a first screw 351, a first sliding seat 352 in threaded fit with the first screw 351, and a first driving member 353 for driving the first screw 352 to rotate, the first driving member 353 is disposed on the hand wheel, the first screw 352 is disposed on the first mounting seat 36, the secondary pressure wheel 34 is fixedly mounted on the first sliding seat 352, and the first screw 351 is rotated to drive the first mounting seat 36 to slide in a direction away from the main pressure wheel 33, so that the distance between the main pressure wheel 33 and the secondary pressure wheel 34 is increased, and thus the bending mechanism can be used for bending retaining rings of different sizes, and is convenient to use, and is not limited to one size.

In this embodiment, the first driving mechanism includes a second driving member 421 and a second mounting seat 422 connected to an output shaft of the second driving member 421, the second driving member 421 is disposed in a cylinder, and a motor may be adopted, the cutting knife 41 is disposed on the second mounting seat 422, the frame 1 is provided with a second screw 11 and a movable frame 12 in threaded fit with the second screw 11, the second driving member 421 and the positioning block 5 are disposed at two sides of the movable frame 12, the positioning block 5 is provided with a positioning column 52, the positioning column 52 is provided with a first spring 53, the first spring 53 is disposed opposite to the cutting knife 41, the first spring 53 is disposed to provide a buffering force for the cutting knife 41 and the positioning block 5, the cutting knife 41 is not easily damaged, the service life is longer, the second driving member 421 drives the cutting knife 41 to move towards the positioning block 5 or away from the positioning block 5, so that the cutting knife 41 and the positioning block 5 can better cut off the steel wire, the second screw rod 11 rotates to drive the movable frame 12 to slide up and down, and the second driving piece 421 and the positioning block 5 are both arranged on the movable frame 11, so that the second driving piece 421 and the positioning block 5 synchronously slide along with the movable frame 11, the distance between the positioning block 5 and the main pressing wheel 33 can be adjusted, the distance between the main pressing wheel 33 and the positioning block 5 is lengthened, and the adjustable.

In this embodiment, the conveying mechanism 2 further includes at least one set of conveying wheel set, the set of conveying wheel set includes a first conveying wheel 23 and a second conveying wheel 24, a guide assembly 6 for conveying the steel wire is disposed between the first conveying wheel 23 and the second conveying wheel 24, the guide assembly 6 includes a first guide plate 61 and a second guide plate 62 which are oppositely disposed, the first guide plate 61 is disposed on the frame 1, the second guide plate 62 is mounted on the first guide plate 61 and forms a conveying channel 20 for conveying the steel wire with the first guide plate 61, the conveying channel 20 is communicated with the bending channel, the frame 1 is further provided with a second driving mechanism for driving the conveying wheel set to work and a second adjusting mechanism 9 for adjusting the distance between the first conveying wheel 61 and the second conveying wheel 62, the conveying channel 20 is formed by the arrangement of the first guide plate 61 and the second guide plate 62, so that the steel wire does not bend or deviate from the conveying track 20 during the conveying process, the steel wire is always in the transmission channel 20, so that the steel wire is better transmitted into the bending channel 30, and the bending process of the steel wire is facilitated.

In this embodiment, still be equipped with straightening mechanism 7 in frame 1, straightening mechanism 7 includes a plurality of straightening wheel 71, each straightening wheel 71 sets up along the transmission path direction, straightening wheel 71 can be two liang of a set of parallel arrangement, and set up the multiunit, also can be when setting up two rows, one row in left side sets up the odd number, one row in right side sets up the even number, two adjacent intervals set up, the left intermediate position that is located the right side, as shown in fig. 7, the steel wire gets into from the third feed inlet 72 of straightening mechanism 7, can straighten the steel wire of taking processing through straightening wheel 71, make it all be in the straight state before getting into bending mechanism 3, make things convenient for the processing of follow-up bending mechanism 3.

In this embodiment, second actuating mechanism includes third driving piece 81 and the gear 82 of being connected with the output shaft of third driving piece 81, and third driving piece 81 is the motor setting, be equipped with pivot 83 on the gear 82, pivot 83 and the cooperation of first transfer gear 23 linkage, third driving piece 81 drive gear 82 and rotate, thereby pivot 83 on the gear 82 drives first transfer gear 23 and rotates and realize the transmission effect, with the steel wire to the transmission in the passageway of bending, for better transmission steel wire, the transfer wheelset is equipped with the multiunit, sets up along the transmission direction interval, and the first transfer gear 23 of every group all is equipped with the gear, and two adjacent gear engagement sets up.

In this embodiment, the second adjusting mechanism 9 includes a third screw 91 and a fourth driving member 92 for driving the third screw 91 to rotate, the fourth driving member 92 is a handwheel, the frame 1 is further provided with a third mounting seat 13 for mounting the first transmission wheel 23, a fourth mounting seat 14 for mounting the second transmission wheel 24, and a second spring 15, two ends of the second spring 15 are respectively connected with the third mounting seat 13 and the fourth mounting seat 14, the third screw 91 is arranged on the fourth mounting seat 14 in an abutting manner, the third screw 91 is moved away from the first transmission wheel 23 by rotating the third screw 91, because the third screw 91 is arranged on the fourth mounting seat 14 in an abutting manner, and the second spring 15 is arranged between the fourth mounting seat 14 and the third mounting seat 13, the fourth mounting seat 14 is pushed away from the third mounting seat 13 by the second spring 15 under the condition of no pressure, the distance between the third mounting seat 13 and the fourth mounting seat 14 is adjusted, so that the distance between the first conveying wheel 23 and the second conveying wheel 24 is lengthened, the third screw 91 is rotated in the opposite direction, so that the third screw 91 moves towards the direction close to the first conveying wheel 23, the fourth mounting seat 14 is pushed towards the third mounting seat 13, the second spring 15 is squeezed, so that the distance between the third mounting seat 13 and the fourth mounting seat 14 is shortened, and the distance between the first conveying wheel 23 and the second conveying wheel 24 is changed. The distance between the third mounting seat 13 and the fourth mounting seat 14 can be adjusted to facilitate various steel wires with different sizes to be transmitted, and the corresponding guide assembly can be changed. Of course, the second adjusting mechanism may also adopt other manners, such as directly matching the fourth mounting seat 14 with the third screw 91 through threads, and when the third screw 91 is rotated, the fourth mounting seat 14 is automatically driven to move towards the direction away from the third mounting seat 13, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the distance between the third mounting seat 13 and the fourth mounting seat 14.

The utility model discloses a theory of operation is: the steel wire is straightened by a straightening wheel 71 in a straightening mechanism 7 and then enters a transmission mechanism 2, the transmission mechanism 2 is provided with a transmission wheel and a guide assembly 6, so that the steel wire is not deviated from a transmission channel 20 during transmission, after the transmission mechanism 2 transmits the steel wire to a bending mechanism 3, the bending mechanism 3 comprises a bending channel 30, a main pressure wheel 33 and a secondary pressure wheel 34 are arranged in the bending channel 30, the steel wire can be bent towards the direction of the secondary pressure wheel 34 after passing through the main pressure wheel 33, can be bent towards a positioning block 5 after passing through the secondary pressure wheel 34, and can be bent into the shape of a check ring finally, after being bent into the shape of the check ring, the steel wire is cut by a cutter 41 arranged at a second discharge port 32, so that the bending process of the steel wire check ring is completed, the setting is convenient and practical, the steel wire is firstly bent into the shape of the check ring, and then the subsequent processing is carried out, so, the material utilization rate is high, no waste is caused, and the matching degree is high.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a bending device of steel wire retainer ring machine, its characterized in that, includes the frame, be equipped with in the frame and be used for transmitting the steel wire transmission device, be used for becoming the mechanism of bending of retaining ring and the cutting mechanism who cuts off the retaining ring behind the pinch roller with the steel wire pinch roller, transmission device includes the transmission passageway, the mechanism of bending is including the passageway of bending, the transmission passageway includes first discharge gate and first feed inlet, the passageway of bending includes second discharge gate and second feed inlet, first discharge gate and second feed inlet correspond the setting, the mechanism of bending is still including main pinch roller and inferior pinch roller, main pinch roller sets up in second feed inlet position, and the setting of inferior pinch roller is in one side that the second feed inlet was kept away from to main pinch roller, and the periphery circumference of inferior pinch roller along main pinch roller distributes, cutting mechanism sets up in second discharge gate department.

2. The bending device of the steel wire retainer ring machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises a cutter and a first driving mechanism for driving the cutter to work, a positioning block is arranged on the machine frame, the positioning block and the machine frame are arranged at an interval to form a guide channel for the retainer ring to pass through, the cutter is positioned at an outlet of the guide channel and is arranged opposite to the positioning block, and the first driving mechanism can drive the cutter to move towards a direction close to the positioning block or move towards a direction far away from the positioning block.

3. The bending device of the steel wire retainer ring machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bending mechanism further comprises a first adjusting mechanism for adjusting a distance between the secondary pressing wheel and the main pressing wheel, the frame is provided with a first mounting seat, the first adjusting mechanism comprises a first screw rod, a first sliding seat in threaded fit with the first screw rod, and a first driving piece for driving the first screw rod to rotate, the first screw rod is arranged on the first mounting seat, and the secondary pressing wheel is fixedly mounted on the first sliding seat.

4. The bending device of the steel wire retainer ring machine according to claim 2, wherein the first driving mechanism comprises a second driving member and a second mounting seat fixedly arranged on the second driving member, the cutter is arranged on the second mounting seat, the frame is provided with a second screw and a movable frame in threaded fit with the second screw, the second driving member and the positioning block are oppositely arranged on two sides of the movable frame, the positioning block is provided with a positioning column, the positioning column is provided with a first spring, and the first spring is oppositely arranged with the cutter.

5. The bending device of the steel wire retainer ring machine according to claim 4, wherein the conveying mechanism further comprises at least one group of conveying wheel sets, each conveying wheel set comprises a first conveying wheel and a second conveying wheel, a guide assembly used for conveying the steel wire is arranged between the first conveying wheel and the second conveying wheel, the guide assembly comprises a first guide plate and a second guide plate which are oppositely arranged, the first guide plate is arranged on the rack, the second guide plate is arranged on the first guide plate and forms a conveying channel used for conveying the steel wire with the first guide plate, the conveying channel is communicated with the bending channel, and the rack is further provided with a second driving mechanism used for driving the conveying wheel sets to work and a second adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the distance between the first conveying wheel and the second conveying wheel.

6. The bending device of a steel wire retainer ring machine according to claim 5, wherein the machine frame is further provided with a straightening mechanism, the straightening mechanism comprises a plurality of straightening wheels, and each straightening wheel is arranged along the direction of the conveying channel.

7. The bending device of the steel wire retainer ring machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second driving mechanism comprises a third driving member and a gear connected with an output shaft of the third driving member, the gear is provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is in linkage fit with the first transmission wheel.

8. The bending device of a steel wire retainer ring machine according to claim 7, wherein the second adjusting mechanism includes a third screw rod and a fourth driving member for driving the third screw rod to rotate, the frame is further provided with a third mounting seat for mounting the first transmission wheel, a fourth mounting seat for mounting the second transmission wheel, and a second spring, two ends of the second spring are respectively connected with the third mounting seat and the fourth mounting seat, and the third screw rod is disposed on the fourth mounting seat in an abutting manner.

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