CN211433232U - Lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail operation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a low limbs skeleton resetting means for intramedullary nail operation, it includes floorbar, slider, shank layer board, thigh backup plate, two ke shi needles and two adjustable brackets, the slider is installed on the axial slide on the floorbar and is equipped with slider locking screw, shank layer board and thigh backup plate articulate into the word shape, and shank layer board lower extreme is articulated with the slider, and the thigh backup plate lower extreme passes through telescopic machanism to be connected with the head end rotation of floorbar, and two adjustable bracket symmetries are installed in the both sides of thigh backup plate, and patient's thigh and shank lean on respectively on thigh backup plate and shank layer board upper portion, and two ke shi needles cross patient's thighbone distal end, and the both ends of every ke shi needle are taken respectively on two adjustable brackets. The utility model discloses can make the patient keep in the state of cranking leg and pull the reduction to its low limbs, all spare parts do not all occupy patient's low limbs upper portion space moreover, do not influence the operation. The device can ensure that the intramedullary nail implantation operation is smoothly carried out, and improve the operation quality and efficiency.

Description

Lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail operation

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a lower limb traction device suitable for femoral and tibial intramedullary nail implantation operation, which belongs to the technical field of orthopedic medical instruments.

Background

The fracture of femur and tibia is a common fracture in clinic, and because the muscle strength of the leg is strong, the patient's femur and tibia are often shortened and deformed under the traction of the muscle after fracture, and it is difficult to reposition, recover the length and effectively maintain the fracture. If the patient can not be anatomically reduced during the operation, complications such as malformation healing and poor lower limb force line can occur after the operation, thereby causing traumatic arthritis or osteoarthritis and seriously affecting the limb function and the life quality of the patient.

Intramedullary nail fixation is a common treatment method for femoral and tibial fractures, and intraoperative traction is an important means for reducing femoral and tibial fractures and recovering the length of lower limbs. At present, two assistants are generally needed to help a patient to be dragged during an intramedullary nail implanting operation, the two assistants respectively hold the near end and the far end of a broken bone to reposition a femur or a tibia, however, the fracture repositioning and the lower limb length cannot be stably maintained by the method, the repositioning effect is not ideal, and the treatment effect is affected; moreover, the two assistants can crowd the space of the operator and influence the operation of the operator.

The traction device is adopted to reset the fractured femur or tibia, so that the defects can be overcome, but the existing traction device generally needs to occupy the upper space of the lower limb of a patient to influence the operation, the existing traction device straightens the lower limb, an intramedullary nail is implanted from the far end of the femur or the near end of the tibia, and the patient can only perform the operation by keeping the leg bending posture. Therefore, it is necessary to design a lower limb traction device suitable for intramedullary nail implantation operation.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a low limbs skeleton resetting means for intramedullary nail operation to the drawback of prior art, under the condition that does not influence the operation, make the skeleton stable keep implanting the required reset state of intramedullary nail.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a low limbs skeleton resetting means for intramedullary nail operation, includes floorbar, slider, shank layer board, thigh backup plate, two ke shi needles and two adjustable brackets in the constitution, the slider is installed on the axial slide on the floorbar and is equipped with slider locking screw, shank layer board and thigh backup plate are articulated into the chevron shape, and shank layer board lower extreme is articulated with the slider, and thigh backup plate lower extreme passes through telescopic machanism and is connected with the head end rotation of floorbar, and two adjustable brackets symmetry are installed in the both sides of thigh backup plate, and patient's thigh and shank lean on respectively on thigh backup plate and shank layer board upper portion, and two ke shi needles cross patient's thighbone distal end, and the both ends of every ke shi needle are taken respectively on two adjustable brackets.

Above-mentioned a low limbs skeleton resetting means for intramedullary nail operation, adjustable bracket includes straight line track, carriage, fixed block, correction arm, side angle screw and angle of elevation screw, straight line track is fixed on the side of thigh backup plate, carriage and straight line track sliding connection, the fixed block is fixed at straight line track lower extreme, in the screw hole on the fixed block of side angle screw in and the lower extreme of top at the carriage, the tip of two ke shi needles is held in the correction arm, and the head end of correcting the arm is articulated with the carriage upper end, in the screw hole on the angle of elevation screw in carriage and the tail end lower part of top at the correction arm.

Above-mentioned a low limbs skeleton resetting means for intramedullary nail operation, telescopic machanism includes sleeve, lead screw and nut, the sleeve suit at the lower extreme of thigh backup plate and with thigh backup plate sliding connection, telescopic lower extreme is rotated through the head end with floorbar vertically horizontal rotating shaft and floorbar and is connected, the nut is fixed on the sleeve, the lead screw passes through screw and nut cooperation, and the upper end top of lead screw is on the thigh backup plate, and the lower extreme is equipped with the turning handle.

The lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail operation comprises a tibia resetting device, wherein the tibia resetting device comprises a traction needle, a traction bow and a traction mechanism, the traction needle penetrates through the ankle bone or the distal end of the tibia of a patient and is connected between the two ends of the traction bow, and the bow back of the traction bow is connected with the tail end of a bottom beam through the traction mechanism.

Above-mentioned a low limbs skeleton resetting means for intramedullary nail operation, traction mechanism includes vertical slide rail, elevator, screw, lead screw and hand wheel, the tail end at the floorbar is fixed to vertical slide rail, elevator and vertical slide rail sliding connection are equipped with elevator locking screw, the screw rotates with the elevator to be connected, the lead screw passes through screw thread and screw cooperation, and the one end of lead screw is rotated with the back of the bow of drawing the bow and is connected, the other end and hand wheel fixed connection.

The lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail surgery comprises a tibia fracture aligning mechanism, wherein the tibia fracture aligning mechanism comprises a restraining belt, a jacking bolt, a side pressure plate, a side pressure bolt and a fixing bolt, the restraining belt binds a patient's calf on a calf supporting plate, the jacking bolt is screwed into the jacking bolt hole on the calf supporting plate and abuts against the lower part of the patient's calf, the lower end of the side pressure plate is fixed on the side part of the calf supporting plate through the fixing bolt, and the side pressure bolt is screwed into a threaded hole on the side pressure plate and abuts against the side part of the patient's calf.

According to the lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail surgery, the two sides of the shank supporting plate are respectively provided with the plurality of fixing bolt holes, the middle part of the shank supporting plate is provided with the plurality of jacking bolt holes, and the fixing bolt holes and the jacking bolt holes are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the shank supporting plate.

According to the lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail surgery, the middle part of the tail end of the bottom beam is provided with the opening, the two vertical sliding rails are arranged and fixed on two sides of the opening respectively, the lifting block is connected with the two vertical sliding rails in a sliding manner, and the nut and the screw rod correspond to the opening at the tail end of the bottom beam.

According to the lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail surgery, the lower part of the bottom beam is provided with the adjustable supporting legs.

In the lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery, the surfaces of the shank supporting plate and the thigh backing plate corresponding to the shank and the thigh of the patient are arc concave surfaces.

The utility model discloses can make the patient keep in the state of cranking leg and pull the reduction to its low limbs, all spare parts do not all occupy patient's low limbs upper portion space moreover, do not influence the operation. The device can ensure that the intramedullary nail implantation operation is smoothly carried out, and improve the operation quality and efficiency. In addition, the utility model also has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reliable performance and the like.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an adjustable bracket;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of bone reduction during a femoral intramedullary nail operation;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a femoral fracture;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the driving position of the K-wire during the femoral intramedullary nail operation;

fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of bone reduction during tibial intramedullary nail surgery.

The reference numbers in the figures are as follows: 1. a hand wheel, 2, a screw nut, 3, a screw rod, 4, a traction bow, 5, a traction needle, 6, a jacking bolt, 7, a jacking bolt hole, 8, a side pressure bolt, 9, a side pressure plate, 10, a fixing bolt, 11, a shank supporting plate, 12, a thigh backing plate, 13, a screw rod, 14, a nut, 15, a rotating handle, 16, a sleeve, 17, an adjustable supporting leg, 18, a bottom beam, 19, a fixing bolt hole, 20, the correcting device comprises a slide block locking screw 21, a slide block 22, a lifting block locking screw 23, a lifting block 24, a vertical sliding rail 25, a lower limb of a patient 26, a restraining belt 27, a kirschner wire 28, an adjustable bracket 28-1, a correcting arm 28-2, a sliding frame 28-3, an elevation angle screw 28-4, a linear track 28-5, a fixing block 28-6, a side angle screw 29, a femur, a 30, a tibia 31 and an intramedullary nail.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the utility model mainly comprises a hand wheel 1, a screw nut 2, a lead screw 3, a traction bow 4, a traction needle 5, a jacking bolt 6, a side pressure bolt 8, a side pressure plate 9, a fixing bolt 10, a shank supporting plate 11, a thigh backing plate 12, a lead screw 13, a nut 14, a rotating handle 15, a sleeve 16, an adjustable leg 17, a bottom beam 18, a slider locking screw 20, a slider 21, a lifting block locking screw 22, a lifting block 23, a vertical sliding rail 24, a binding belt 26, a kirschner wire 27 and an adjustable bracket 28, wherein the adjustable bracket 28 comprises a correction arm 28-1, a sliding frame 28-2, an elevation angle screw 28-3, a linear rail 28-4, a fixing block 28-5 and a side angle screw 28-6.

The utility model discloses both can pull the reduction to the thighbone, also can pull the reduction to the shin bone. The calf support plate 11, thigh rest plate 12 and base beam 18 form a stable triangular support for supporting the patient's lower limb 25 and mounting traction reduction components (including femoral traction reduction components and tibial traction reduction components).

The lead screw 13, the nut 14, the rotating handle 15 and the sleeve 16 are used for adjusting the height of the thigh rest plate 12, so as to realize traction on the far end of the femur. Two k-wires 27 and two adjustable brackets 28 are used to adjust the elevation and lateral rotation of the distal end of the femur to bring the femoral fracture into alignment for reduction.

The vertical slide rail 24, the lifting block 23, the hand wheel 1, the nut 2, the lead screw 3, the traction bow 4 and the traction needle 5 are used for traction on the far end of the tibia of the patient. The jacking bolt 6, the side pressure bolt 8, the side pressure plate 9, the fixing bolt 10 and the restraining belt 26 are used for adjusting the posture of the pulled tibia so as to reduce the fractured bone.

The base beam 18 is placed on the operating bed and is adjustable in height by its lower four adjustable legs 17 to accommodate different patients. The shank and the thigh of the patient lean against the shank supporting plate 11 and the thigh backing plate 12 respectively to form a leg bending state, so that the intramedullary nail can be conveniently implanted from a proximal tibia platform or a distal femur platform. The surfaces of the shank supporting plate 11 and the thigh backing plate 12 corresponding to the lower limbs 25 of the patient are made into arc concave surfaces, so that the stability of the lower limbs can be improved, and the operation quality can be ensured. The shank supporting plate 11, the thigh backing plate 12 and the bottom beam 18 form a triangular structure, and the height and the inclination angle of the thigh backing plate 12 are adjustable, so that the operation is more flexible and convenient. The tail end of the bottom beam 18 is provided with a notch, so that the moving range of the screw rod 3 is increased, and the traction direction is convenient to adjust.

When the femoral intramedullary nail implantation operation is performed, the femur of a patient needs to be pulled, at the moment, the screw rod 13 and the nut 14 are relatively rotated by rotating the rotating handle 15, the screw rod 13 pushes the thigh backup plate 12 to move upwards (the thigh backup plate 12 slides along the inner hole of the sleeve 16), so that the calf of the patient moves upwards, and the traction on the femur is realized.

After restoring the thigh length by traction, if the femoral fractures are misaligned, the fractures are aligned by two kirschner wires 27 and two adjustable brackets 28. The two kirschner wires 27 penetrate through the distal end of the femur and are respectively positioned at two sides of a femoral medullary cavity (as shown in fig. 5), the elevation angle of the fractured bone can be adjusted by changing the relative heights of the two kirschner wires 27, the lateral rotation angle of the fractured bone can be adjusted by changing the heights of two ends of the kirschner wires 27, and the fracture of the femur can be aligned and reset by adjusting the lateral rotation angle of the fractured bone and the elevation angle. The utility model discloses utilize two adjustable brackets 28 to adjust two kirschner wires 27's relative height and kirschner wires 27's both ends height, and then reach the purpose that makes the fracture of thighbone align. The relative height of the two kirschner wires 27 is adjusted by the elevation angle screws 28-3, and the height of the two ends of the kirschner wires 27 is adjusted by the side angle screws 28-6.

When the tibial intramedullary nail implantation operation is carried out, the traction needle 5 and the traction bow 4 are needed to be used for traction on the tibia of a patient, the traction needle 5 can penetrate through the ankle bone of the patient and can also penetrate through the far end of the tibia of the patient, and two ends of the traction needle 5 are respectively connected with two ends of the traction bow 4. Hand wheel 1, screw 2, lead screw 3, elevator locking screw 22, elevator 23 and vertical slide rail 24 constitute the traction mechanism who pulls bow 4, two vertical slide rails 24 are fixed at the tail end of floorbar 18, elevator 23 can be followed vertical slide rail 24 and slided from top to bottom and can be locked by elevator locking screw 22, screw 2 rotates with elevator 23 to be connected, be convenient for adjust lead screw 3's angle, in lead screw 3 screw in screw 2, lead screw 3's one end rotates with the back of the arch of pulling bow 4 to be connected, hand wheel 1 is fixed to the other end. By rotating the hand wheel 1, the traction bow 4 can be moved, and then the far end of the tibia of the patient is dragged through the traction needle 5.

After the shank length is recovered through traction, if the fracture of the tibia has a dislocation phenomenon, the tibia is reset through the jacking bolts 6, the side pressure bolts 8, the side pressure plates 9, the fixing bolts 10 and the restraining belts 26. The binding belt 26 enables the broken bones to be close to the calf supporting plate 11, the jacking bolt 6 enables the broken bones to be far away from the calf supporting plate 11, the side pressure bolt 8, the side pressure plate 9 and the fixing bolt 10 apply lateral thrust to the tibia, and the dislocated tibia can be restored by comprehensively using the components.

Femoral traction reduction method (see fig. 3-5):

1. the device is placed on an operating table and is placed at the lower part of a lower limb 25 of a patient, the height of the adjustable supporting leg 17 and the position of the sliding block 21 are adjusted according to the specific condition of the patient, so that the thigh and the calf of the patient lean against the thigh backup plate 12 and the calf supporting plate 11 respectively, and the calf can be bound on the calf supporting plate 11 by the binding belt 26 at the moment;

2. the thigh backup plate 12 is jacked up by rotating the screw rod 13, the thigh backup plate 12 applies upward traction to the knee of the patient, the thigh is dragged, and the thigh length of the patient is recovered;

3. if the femoral fracture can not be automatically aligned, two kirschner wires 27 are passed through the distal end of the femur of the patient and are respectively positioned at two sides of the femoral medullary cavity (thus not influencing the implantation of the intramedullary nail), and two ends of each kirschner wire 27 are respectively lapped on the correction arms 28-1 of two adjustable brackets 28;

4. operating the elevation angle screw 28-3 and the side angle screw 28-6 of the two adjustable brackets 28 to adjust the elevation angle and the lateral rotation angle of the distal end of the femur to proper positions so as to align the fracture;

5. performing intramedullary nail implantation operation.

Tibial distraction reduction method (see fig. 6):

1. the device is placed on an operating table and is placed at the lower part of a lower limb 25 of a patient, the height of the adjustable supporting leg 17 and the position of the sliding block 21 are adjusted according to the specific condition of the patient, so that the thigh and the calf of the patient lean against the thigh backup plate 12 and the calf supporting plate 11 respectively;

2. adjusting the lifting block 23 to a proper height and then screwing a locking screw 22 of the lifting block;

3. a traction needle 5 is penetrated through the far end of the ankle bone or the tibia of a patient, and two ends of the traction needle 5 are respectively connected with two ends of a traction bow 4;

4. the hand wheel 1 is operated to rotate the lead screw 3, and the lead screw 3 draws the far end of the tibia to a proper position through the traction bow 4 and the traction needle 5;

5. the proper positions of the calf supporting plate 11 are provided with a jacking bolt 6, a side pressure bolt 8, a side pressure plate 9, a fixing bolt 10 and a binding belt 26, so that the fractured bones are reset;

6. performing intramedullary nail implantation operation.

The device can ensure that the femur or the tibia stably keeps the reset state required by implanting the intramedullary nail and does not occupy the operation space, is favorable for improving the operation quality and the operation efficiency, and is suitable for popularization and application in various medical institutions.

Claims (10)

1. A lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail operation is characterized by comprising a bottom beam (18), a slide block (21), a shank supporting plate (11), a thigh backing plate (12), two Kirschner wires (27) and two adjustable brackets, the sliding block (21) is arranged on an axial slideway on the bottom beam (18) and is provided with a sliding block locking screw (20), shank layer board (11) and thigh backup plate (12) are articulated into the chevron shape, shank layer board (11) lower extreme is articulated with slider (21), thigh backup plate (12) lower extreme passes through telescopic machanism and is connected with the head end rotation of floorbar (18), two adjustable brackets symmetry are installed in the both sides of thigh backup plate (12), patient's thigh and shank lean on thigh backup plate (12) and shank layer board (11) upper portion respectively, two ke shi needles (27) cross patient's thighbone distal end, the both ends of every ke shi needle (27) are taken respectively on two adjustable brackets.

2. The lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery is characterized in that the adjustable bracket comprises a linear track (28-4), a sliding frame (28-2), a fixed block (28-5), a correction arm (28-1), a side angle screw (28-6) and an elevation angle screw (28-3), wherein the linear track (28-4) is fixed on the side edge of a thigh backup plate (12), the sliding frame (28-2) is in sliding connection with the linear track (28-4), the fixed block (28-5) is fixed at the lower end of the linear track (28-4), the side angle screw (28-6) is screwed into a threaded hole on the fixed block (28-5) and is abutted against the lower end of the sliding frame (28-2), and the correction arm (28-1) supports the end parts of two Kirschner pins (27), the head end of the correcting arm (28-1) is hinged with the upper end of the sliding frame (28-2), and the elevation angle screw (28-3) is screwed into a threaded hole on the sliding frame (28-2) and is propped against the lower part of the tail end of the correcting arm (28-1).

3. The lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the telescopic mechanism comprises a sleeve (16), a screw rod (13) and a nut (14), the sleeve (16) is sleeved on the lower end of the thigh backup plate (12) and is in sliding connection with the thigh backup plate (12), the lower end of the sleeve (16) is rotatably connected with the head end of the bottom beam (18) through a horizontal rotating shaft perpendicular to the bottom beam (18), the nut (14) is fixed on the sleeve (16), the screw rod (13) is matched with the nut (14) through threads, the upper end of the screw rod (13) is pressed against the thigh backup plate (12), and the lower end of the screw rod is provided with a rotating handle (15).

4. The lower limb bone reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery according to claim 3, which is characterized by further comprising a tibia reduction device, wherein the tibia reduction device comprises a traction needle (5), a traction bow (4) and a traction mechanism, the traction needle (5) penetrates through the ankle bone or the tibia far end of a patient and is connected between the two ends of the traction bow (4), and the arch back of the traction bow (4) is connected with the tail end of the bottom beam (18) through the traction mechanism.

5. The lower limb skeleton resetting device for intramedullary nail surgery is characterized in that the traction mechanism comprises a vertical slide rail (24), an elevating block (23), a nut (2), a lead screw (3) and a hand wheel (1), the vertical slide rail (24) is fixed at the tail end of the bottom beam (18), the elevating block (23) is in sliding connection with the vertical slide rail (24) and is provided with an elevating block locking screw (22), the nut (2) is rotatably connected with the elevating block (23), the lead screw (3) is matched with the nut (2) through threads, one end of the lead screw (3) is rotatably connected with the arch back of the traction arch (4), and the other end of the lead screw is fixedly connected with the hand wheel (1).

6. The lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery is characterized by further comprising a tibia fracture alignment mechanism, wherein the tibia fracture alignment mechanism comprises a binding belt (26), a jacking bolt (6), a side pressure plate (9), a side pressure bolt (8) and a fixing bolt (10), the binding belt (26) binds the lower leg of a patient on a lower leg supporting plate (11), the jacking bolt (6) is screwed into a jacking bolt hole (7) in the lower leg supporting plate (11) and abuts against the lower part of the lower leg of the patient, the lower end of the side pressure plate (9) is fixed on the side part of the lower leg supporting plate (11) through the fixing bolt (10), and the side pressure bolt (8) is screwed into a threaded hole in the side pressure plate (9) and abuts against the side part of the lower leg of the patient.

7. The lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of fixing bolt holes (19) are respectively formed in two sides of the lower leg supporting plate (11), a plurality of jacking bolt holes (7) are respectively formed in the middle of the lower leg supporting plate (11), and the fixing bolt holes (19) and the jacking bolt holes (7) are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the lower leg supporting plate (11).

8. The lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery according to claim 7, wherein a notch is formed in the middle of the tail end of the bottom beam (18), two vertical slide rails (24) are arranged and fixed on two sides of the notch respectively, the lifting block (23) is connected with the two vertical slide rails (24) in a sliding mode, and the screw nut (2) and the screw rod (3) correspond to the notch in the tail end of the bottom beam (18).

9. The lower extremity bone reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower part of the bottom beam (18) is provided with adjustable legs (17).

10. The lower limb skeleton reduction device for intramedullary nail surgery according to claim 9, wherein the surfaces of the shank supporting plate (11) and the thigh rest plate (12) corresponding to the shank and the thigh of the patient are arc-shaped concave surfaces.

Images