CN211381692U - Internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an internal fixation system of treatment femoral neck fracture relates to medical instrument technical field, has solved screw outside spiro union fixation nut, and the sliding distance is short, cause stress concentration easily and lead to the technical problem of screw rupture. The internal fixing system comprises a fixing plate, a screw cap and a locking screw, wherein the fixing plate is provided with a screw hole and a locking screw hole; the locking nail penetrates into the locking nail hole to finally fix the fixing plate on the femoral shaft; the screw hole is divided into a front part and a rear part through a step, the screw is of a solid structure, the head part of the screw is provided with a first thread, and the tail part of the screw is provided with a fixing cavity which is internally connected by a screw cap; the diameter of the head of the screw cap is larger than the diameter of the front half part of the screw hole and smaller than the diameter of the rear half part of the screw hole; the tail part of the screw is arranged in the screw hole in a penetrating way and can slide in the front half part. The utility model has the characteristics of slide more reliable and more stable, avoid appearing stress concentration and lead to the screw rupture.

Description

Internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the medical instrument technique and specifically relates to an internal fixation system of treatment femoral neck fracture is related to.

Background

Femoral neck fracture is a common fracture mode in clinic, and particularly has extremely high morbidity for middle-aged and elderly people. At present, the most mainstream surgical treatment methods for femoral neck fracture comprise two methods, namely artificial femoral head replacement and hollow nail internal fixation. The artificial femoral head replacement has large operation trauma, much blood loss and many postoperative complications, and is often difficult to tolerate by the elderly patients; the hollow nail internal fixation has small relative wound, short operation time and less bleeding, and is often more suitable for elderly patients with various medical diseases. However, the internal fixation of the hollow nail has the disadvantages that the instant pressurization between the fractured ends of the bone is insufficient due to the limited depth of the hollow nail drilled into the femoral head, the mutual dispersion between the nail and the nail cannot form resultant force, and the holding force of the nail tail to the bone is insufficient. In addition, elderly patients with femoral neck fractures often have severe osteoporosis, and hip varus and internal fixation failure are easily caused when huge shearing force exists between fracture ends, such as basal femoral neck fracture. Therefore, the patient fixed by the hollow nail often needs to be in bed for a long time, and the risk of long-term bed-lying complications such as pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, bedsore and the like is increased. In order to overcome the defect of hollow nail fixation, the prior Chinese invention patent (application number: CN201610090000.4) provides an internal fixation device for treating femoral neck fracture, which comprises: the device comprises a fixing screw and an instant pressurizing device, wherein a first thread is arranged at the front part of the fixing screw, and the instant pressurizing device is arranged at the tail end of the fixing screw; through the mutual matching of the fixing screw and the instant pressurizing device, the instant pressurizing effect between the far-end and the near-end fracture blocks can be realized, and the cutting of the postoperative nail head on the femoral head is avoided through the homeopathic nail withdrawing effect, so that the defects of a hollow nail and a locking nail plate in the prior art are overcome, and the device is suitable for treating the elderly femoral neck fracture patients suffering from severe osteoporosis at the same time.

The applicant has found that the prior art has at least the following technical problems:

in the prior art, a pressurizing nut is screwed on the outer side of the tail end of a fixing screw, when the fixing screw slides relatively between fixing plates, the pressurizing nut is clamped on a fixing table between a first screw hole and a second screw hole to realize sliding limit between the fixing screw and the fixing plates, and the structure has the following problems that 1, because the tail end of the fixing screw is in contact connection with a screw hole of the fixing plate only by virtue of the fixing nut, the contact area is small, and the problem that the movement of the fixing screw is unstable when the fixing screw slides relatively along the fixing plates exists; 2. because the fixing nut is arranged on the outer side of the fixing screw, the occupied space is large, the sliding distance of the fixing screw is short, the fixing nut is easy to partially expose out of the nail hole of the fixing plate when the fixing screw is retracted, the contact area between the fixing nut and the nail hole is reduced, and the stress concentration screw is easy to break; 3. the fixing screw is of a hollow structure, and when the thin guide pin is used for guiding, the thin guide pin is easy to bend and deform, so that the penetration direction of the fixing screw is easy to be inaccurate.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide an internal fixation system of treatment femoral neck fracture to solve the screw outside spiro union fixation nut who exists among the prior art, the sliding distance is short, cause stress concentration easily and lead to the technical problem of screw rupture.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a pair of internal fixation system of treatment femoral neck fracture, divide four bibliographic categories including fixed plate, screw cap and locking nail four bibliographic categories, wherein:

the inner side surface of the fixing plate is an arc-shaped plate matched with the femoral shaft, and the fixing plate is provided with a screw hole at the near end and a locking nail hole at the far end;

the locking nail hole is used for the penetration of the locking nail so as to finally fix the fixing plate on the femoral shaft;

the screw hole is divided into a front part and a rear part through a step;

the screw is of a solid structure, the head of the screw is provided with a first thread, and the tail of the screw is provided with an internal fixing cavity used for being connected with the body part of the screw cap; the diameter of the head of the screw cap is larger than the diameter of the front half part of the screw hole and smaller than the diameter of the rear half part of the screw hole;

the tail part of the screw penetrates through the screw hole and can slide in the front half part of the screw hole, the head part of the screw cap is exposed out of the top of the internal fixing cavity, and the head part of the screw cap is abutted against the step of the screw hole to realize the limit type sliding between the screw and the fixing plate.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the fixing plate is also provided with a central positioning hole and a temporary fixing hole at the near end and a temporary fixing hole at the far end; the central positioning hole is used for intraoperative positioning of the fixing plate; the temporary fixing hole is used for temporarily fixing the fixing plate in the operation. The proximal end of the fixing plate is a femoral head fixing end, and the distal end of the fixing plate is a femoral shaft fixing end.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the internal fixation cavity comprises an internal first cavity and a second cavity which are sequentially arranged, the cross section of the first cavity is a hexagonal structure, the cross section of the second cavity is a circular structure, an internal thread is arranged on the inner wall of the second cavity, and the external thread of the screw cap body is matched with the internal thread of the second cavity; the first cavity diameter is greater than the second cavity diameter. The first cavity and the second cavity are arranged to facilitate connection of the screw cap and later removal of the screw.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the screw hole includes a first screw hole and a second screw hole, the first screw hole diameter is larger than the second screw hole diameter, the first screw hole and the second screw hole are both cylindrical structures, the second screw hole diameter is equivalent to the screw tail diameter, and the first screw hole diameter is larger than the head diameter of the screw cap; the tail part of the screw is provided with a cylindrical boss part, and the diameter of the boss part is equal to that of the second screw hole.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the number of the screw holes is at least three, and the array is arranged at the near end of the fixing plate.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the center positioning hole is arranged in the middle of all the screw holes.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the quantity of locking nail hole is at least two, and the array setting is in the distal end of fixed plate.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the temporary fixing holes are arranged at the near end of the fixing plate, and the number of the temporary fixing holes is a plurality of.

As a further improvement of the utility model, all the locking nail holes can be in a directional locking structure and also can be in a universal locking structure.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the number of the temporary fixing holes at the far end of the fixing plate is one, and the number of the temporary fixing holes at the far end of the locking nail hole is all.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the directional locking structure of the locking nail hole is that the inner wall of the locking nail hole is evenly distributed with screw threads.

As a further improvement, the universal locking structure in locking nail hole does the downthehole circumference array that follows of locking nail is provided with a plurality of arcs protrudingly, the protruding tip of arc is provided with the screw thread, all circle diameter that encloses between the protruding tip of arc with the locking nail diameter equals.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the head and the tail of the screw have the same outer diameter.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model following beneficial effect has:

the utility model discloses a set up the internal fixation chamber at the screw afterbody, set up the internal thread in the internal fixation chamber, the somatic part of screw cap is the external screw thread, connect soon in the internal fixation intracavity, and the head of screw cap exposes in the internal fixation chamber, the head diameter of screw cap is greater than the first half diameter of screw hole, be less than the latter half diameter, realize that the somatic part of screw cap is located the screw inside from this, the head is located the screw outside, when the screw passes the screw of fixed plate, the outer wall of screw and screw hole inner wall complete contact form great area of contact, the angle stability when guaranteeing that the screw slides along the fixed plate relatively; the head of the screw cap is exposed out of the inner fixing cavity, so that the head of the screw cap is positioned in the large hole in the screw hole, when the screw slides along the front half part of the screw hole of the fixing plate, the head of the screw cap is thin, full contact between the head of the screw cap and the inner wall of the screw hole can be still ensured when the screw slides for a large distance, the contact area between the screw and the fixing plate is ensured, the problem of stress concentration is avoided, and the problem of screw breakage is also avoided, the screw is arranged into a solid structure, and the thin guide pin is not required to be used in advance for guiding, so that the operation process is simplified, and the problem of inaccurate screw penetrating direction caused by bending deformation of the thin guide pin is also avoided; in the actual operation process, after the femoral head of broken line near-end is twisted into to the screwhead, through further screwing up the screw cap of butt on fixed plate screw hole step, can realize the instant pressurization between the broken end of fracture, compare with prior art, the utility model has the characteristics of relative slip between screw and the fixed plate is reliable and stable more, avoid appearing stress concentration and lead to the screw rupture.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture of the present invention when viewed from the inside;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view AA in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view from the direction B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view taken along line C of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a screw of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view DD taken in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a left side view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a right side view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a screw cap of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of EE of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a left side view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a first schematic perspective view of a fixing plate of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a second fixing plate of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a third schematic perspective view of a fixing plate of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a fourth schematic perspective view of a fixing plate of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of FF in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of GG of FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a locking nail hole of a directional locking structure in the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of a locking nail hole of a universal locking structure in the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a front view of the locking pin of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture;

fig. 21 is a top view of a locking pin of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures of the present invention.

In figure 1, a screw; 11. a first thread; 12. an inner fixed cavity; 121. a first cavity; 122. a second cavity; 13. a boss portion; 2. a screw cap; 21. a body portion; 22. a head portion; 3. a fixing plate; 31. screw holes; 311. a first screw hole; 312. a second screw hole; 4. locking the nail hole; 5. a temporary fixing hole; 6. a central positioning hole; 7. and locking the nail.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 4, the utility model provides an internal fixation system of treatment femoral neck fracture can fix on femoral shaft lateral wall, has angular stabilization concurrently and moves back the nail effect with the situation, not only can realize pressurization and angular stabilization between far and near-end fracture interblock, but also can move back the nail in the situation, reduces the danger that the screw surely goes out, and is concrete, and internal fixation system includes fixed plate 3, screw 1, screw cap 2 and 7 four bibliographic categories of locking pin, wherein:

as shown in fig. 12-15, the inner side surface of the fixing plate 3 is an arc-shaped plate adapted to the femoral shaft, the fixing plate 3 is provided with a screw hole 31 at the proximal end and a locking nail hole 4 at the distal end, and the locking nail 7 penetrates into the locking nail hole 4 to be connected with the femoral shaft so as to finally fix the fixing plate 3 on the femoral shaft;

the screw hole 31 is divided into a front half part and a rear half part by a step, the front half part is close to one side of the human body, the rear half part is far away from one side of the human body, and the inner side surface of the fixing plate 3 is close to one side of the human body; the arc structure of the fixing plate 3 is the same as that in the prior art, and the structure in the Chinese patent CN201610090000.4 can be adopted; as shown in fig. 5-8, the screw 1 is a solid rod-shaped structure with a circular cross section, and has a first thread 11 at the head and an internal fixing cavity 12 at the tail for connecting with the body 21 of the screw cap 2;

as shown in fig. 9-11, the body 21 of the screw cap 2 is screwed into the internal fixation cavity 12, the head 22 is exposed out of the top of the internal fixation cavity 12, and the diameter of the head 22 of the screw cap 2 is larger than the diameter of the tail of the screw 1, i.e. larger than the diameter of the front half of the screw hole 31 and smaller than the diameter of the rear half of the screw hole 31; the straight side surface of the head 22 is abutted against the end surface of the tail part of the screw 1;

the tail part of the screw 1 is arranged in the screw hole 31 in a penetrating way and can slide in the front half part of the screw hole 31; the screw hole 31 comprises a first screw hole 311 and a second screw hole 312, the diameter of the first screw hole 311 is larger than that of the second screw hole 312, the first screw hole 311 and the second screw hole 312 are both cylindrical structures, and the diameter of the second screw hole 312 is equivalent to that of the tail part of the screw 1; the diameter of the first screw hole 311 is larger than the diameter of the head 22 of the screw cap 2;

the size of the head portion 22 of the screw cap 2 is smaller than the maximum size of the screw hole 31, that is, smaller than the diameter of the first screw hole 311; the screw 1 and the fixing plate 3 can slide relative to each other, and the head 22 of the nut 2 abuts against the step of the screw hole 31 to realize a position-limited sliding between the screw 1 and the fixing plate 3. When the head 22 abuts against the joint between the first screw hole 311 and the second screw hole 312, the screw 1 and the fixing plate 3 cannot slide in opposite directions, and position limitation is realized; the screw 1 can now slide back and forth relative to the fixing plate 3.

Further, the tail part of the screw 1 is provided with a cylindrical boss part 13, and the diameter of the boss part 13 is equivalent to that of the second screw hole 312; the boss portion 13 is longer than the screw hole 31; the boss portion 13 has a diameter equal to the diameter of the first thread 11.

As shown in fig. 12-17, as an alternative embodiment, the fixing plate 3 includes a proximal end of the femoral head fixing end and a distal end of the femoral shaft fixing end, the screw 1 is mounted on the femoral head fixing end through a screw hole 31, the femoral shaft fixing end is mounted with a locking nail 7 through a locking nail hole 4, and the fixing plate 3 is further provided with a proximal central positioning hole 6 and a temporary fixing hole 5, and a distal temporary fixing hole 5; the central positioning hole 6 is used for intraoperative positioning of the fixing plate 3; the temporary fixing holes 5 are used for temporary fixing of the fixing plate 3 in the operation.

As shown in fig. 6, the internal fixing cavity 12 includes an internal first cavity 121 and an internal second cavity 122 which are sequentially arranged, the cross section of the first cavity 121 is a hexagonal structure, the cross section of the second cavity 122 is a circular structure, an internal thread matched with the specification of the body 21 is arranged on the inner wall of the second cavity 122, the external thread of the body 21 of the screw cap 2 is matched with the internal thread of the second cavity 122, and the diameter of the first cavity 121 is larger than that of the second cavity 122. The first cavity 121 and the second cavity 122 are provided to facilitate removal of the connecting nut 2 and the screw 1 in the later stage. The boss portion 13 and the second screw hole 312 have the same diameter.

Specifically, the number of the screw holes 31 is at least three, the screw holes are arranged in an array at the proximal end of the fixing plate 3, and the number of the temporary fixing holes 5 located at the proximal end of the fixing plate 3 is plural. As an optional embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 12, the number of the screw holes 31 is three, the screws 1 are fixed at the proximal end of the fixing plate 3, the anti-rotation function can be effectively realized, and the number of the corresponding temporary fixing holes 5 is four, and the screw holes 31 are respectively disposed around the periphery thereof.

Note that the center positioning hole 6 is provided in the middle of all the screw holes 31.

As shown in fig. 20 and 21, the number of the locking nail holes 4 is at least two, the locking nail holes 4 are arranged in an array at the far end of the fixing plate 3, all the locking nail holes 4 are in a tapered structure, specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 12, the number of the locking nail holes 4 is three, the locking nail holes are arranged in an obtuse triangle structure, and the locking nail 7 is fixed at the lower part of the fixing plate 3 through the three locking nail holes 4 and is fixed on the femoral shaft; the number of the temporary fixing holes 5 on the distal end of the fixing plate 3 is one, and is located at the distal ends of all the locking nail holes 4.

All the locking nail holes 4 can be in a directional locking structure or a universal locking structure.

As shown in fig. 18, in particular, the directional locking structure of the locking nail hole 4 is that the inner wall of the locking nail hole 4 is uniformly distributed with screw threads.

As shown in fig. 19, specifically, the universal locking structure of the locking nail hole 4 is that a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions are arranged in the locking nail hole 4 along the circumferential direction in an array manner, the tops of the arc-shaped protrusions are of a planar structure, threads are arranged on the planar structure of the arc-shaped protrusions, and the diameter of a circle enclosed between the ends of all the arc-shaped protrusions is equal to the diameter of the locking nail.

It should be noted that, when the internal fixation system provided by the present invention is used, the central positioning pin and the various nails can be implanted manually, or the angle and depth can be determined by means of computer navigation under the condition of computer navigation; the most preferred way is by computer navigation of the implant.

The utility model discloses a set up the internal fixation chamber at the screw afterbody, set up the internal thread in the internal fixation chamber, the somatic part of screw cap is the external screw thread, connect soon in the internal fixation intracavity, and the head of screw cap exposes in the internal fixation chamber, the head specification of screw cap is greater than the first half specification of screw hole, be less than the latter half specification, realize that the somatic part of screw cap is located the screw inside from this, the head is located the screw outside, when the screw passes the screw hole of fixed plate, the outer wall of screw and screw hole inner wall complete contact form great area of contact, the angle stability when guaranteeing that the screw slides along the fixed plate relatively; the head of the screw cap is exposed out of the inner fixing cavity, so that the head of the screw cap is positioned in the large hole in the screw hole, when the screw slides along the front half part of the screw hole of the fixing plate, the head of the screw cap is thin, full contact between the head of the screw cap and the inner wall of the screw hole can be still ensured when the screw slides for a large distance, the contact area between the screw and the fixing plate is ensured, the problem of stress concentration is avoided, and the problem of screw breakage is also avoided, the screw is arranged into a solid structure, and the thin guide pin is not required to be used in advance for guiding, so that the operation process is simplified, and the problem of inaccurate screw penetrating direction caused by bending deformation of the thin guide pin is also avoided; in the actual operation process, after the femoral head of broken line near-end is twisted into to the screwhead, through further screwing up the screw cap of butt on fixed plate screw hole step, can realize the instant pressurization between the broken end of fracture, compare with prior art, the utility model has the characteristics of relative slip between screw and the fixed plate is reliable and stable more, avoid appearing stress concentration and lead to the screw rupture.

As shown in fig. 2, 3, 10 and 11, a regular hexagonal prism-shaped fixing cavity is formed on the end surface of the head 22 of the screw cap 2 in order to screw the screw cap 2 into the screw 1 by a screwdriver through the fixing cavity, and the first cavity 121 in the internal fixing cavity 12 of the screw 1 has a hexagonal structure in order to facilitate the screwing-in and screwing-out of the screw 1 by the screwdriver. The body 21 of the screw cap 2 is arranged to cooperate with the threads of the second cavity 122 and to direct the compressive force to the bone end through the fixation plate 3. After the far and near ends of the fracture are preliminarily fixed, the distance between the fracture ends is further shortened by the instant pressurization of the screw cap 2, on one hand, the friction force between the fracture ends is increased, and the micromotion between the fracture ends is reduced, so that the bone formation failure and bone absorption of the postoperative fracture ends are reduced, the first-stage healing of the fracture is facilitated, and the femoral neck shortening is reduced; on the other hand, the femoral head is instantly supported by the far-end fracture block, so that the cutting of the femoral head by the tip of the screw 1 under the condition of load is reduced.

The diameter of the first thread 11 is larger than the diameter of the column body of the screw 1, the design is the same as the existing hollow nail in the field, but the screw 1 is a solid nail in the utility model; after internal fixation, a certain pressure is usually applied to the femoral head by the early load of a patient, the femoral neck can be shortened due to gradual absorption of the fractured end, and the screw 1 in the prior art cannot be withdrawn due to locking with the fixing plate 3, so that the stress between the tip of the screw 1 and the femoral head bone is increased, and then the femoral head is cut. And the advantage of this design lies in, owing to through the relative slip between screw 1 and the fixed plate 3, provides the leeway of removal for screw 1 shifts to the below along with the femoral head together, moreover the utility model discloses well screw 1 increases for the directional sliding distance between the fixed plate 3 to make the femoral head pressurized back, the stress increase can not appear between screw 1's the pointed end and the femoral head, thereby has avoided the emergence of above-mentioned cutting phenomenon.

The utility model is most suitable for the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture with osteoporosis. On one hand, the defects of much blood loss and large wound of artificial femoral head replacement are avoided, and on the other hand, the defects of stress concentration at the tail end of the hollow nail, poor holding power on osteoporosis and insufficient caput femoris inversion resistance are avoided. More importantly, the risk of cutting the femoral head by the screw can be effectively reduced based on the functions of immediate pressurization and homeopathic nail withdrawal. By applying the device, minimally invasive treatment and early-stage weight bearing of elderly patients are facilitated.

The top surface of the screw hole 31 and the fixing plate 3 form an included angle of 130 degrees, and the minimum depth of the second cavity 122 is not less than 5 mm.

The clinical application method of the internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture of the utility model comprises the following steps:

1. the femoral neck fracture is satisfactorily reduced in a closed manner, and a first anti-rotation Kirschner wire with the diameter of 2.5mm is drilled into the femoral neck fracture for temporary fixation under X-ray fluoroscopy;

2. connecting and matching a fixed plate and a guide handle in advance beside an operating table, and enabling each drill bit to pass through a nail hole of the fixed plate through a guider so as to check the matching degree of the guider and the fixed plate;

3. taking the greater tuberosity vertex of the outer side wall of the femur to the far end 3cm as the center, making a longitudinal skin incision with the length of about 4cm, then cutting off subcutaneous tissues and iliotibial bands, and exposing the outer side of the femoral shaft;

4. a central positioning needle with a diameter of 3.0mm is drilled from the outer side of the femoral shaft under X-ray fluoroscopy, and the direction is adjusted if necessary, so that the central positioning needle is positioned at the center of the femoral neck at the positive side of the X-ray, and the direction of the guide needle is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the femoral neck. Preferably, the femoral neck on the healthy side of the patient can be used as a template, and a central positioning needle is arranged by utilizing a computer navigation technology;

5. inserting a fixing plate which is connected with a guide handle in advance along a central positioning pin through a central positioning hole in the fixing plate, placing a long shaft of the fixing plate in parallel with a femoral shaft long shaft, and temporarily fixing the fixing plate on the outer side wall of the femoral shaft by penetrating a Kirschner wire through a fixing hole with the diameter of 2.0mm in the fixing plate after preliminarily adjusting the position and the direction of the fixing plate;

6. 3 equal-length Kirschner wires with the diameter of 3.0mm are respectively drilled into the guide handle along 3 long sleeves which are parallel to each other, the depth reaches about 2-3 cm below the femoral head cartilage surface, 3 Kirschner wires on the right position and the side position are confirmed to be positioned in a nail placing safety range under a C-shaped arm X-ray machine (3 nails are positioned above 3mm away from the femoral neck edge cortex), and if the depth exceeds the safety range, the direction of a fixing plate is adjusted and then the needles are placed again;

7. sequentially replacing the Kirschner wire with a drill bit with a diameter of 5mm and scales along 3 parallel sleeves on the handle, drilling into a position with a depth of about 2cm away from the femoral head articular surface, and respectively measuring the depth;

8. removing the drill bit of the No. 1 nail hole, drilling a depth limiting drill bit with the depth limiting of 2.5cm and the diameter of 7mm through the same long sleeve, screwing the screw with the corresponding length through the internal thread at the tail part and the external thread at the top end of the screw screwdriver, screwing in the screw through the same long sleeve, then performing the No. 2 nail hole operation, and so on until all 3 screws are screwed in;

9. removing the handle, sequentially screwing 3 screw caps, uniformly pressurizing and maintaining;

10. inserting a locking sleeve of a 1 st locking nail at the far end, drilling, measuring depth, screwing the 1 st locking nail into a locking nail hole with a directional locking structure, and then screwing a 2 nd or 3 rd universal locking nail at the far end into a locking nail hole with a universal locking structure according to circumstances;

11. after conventional irrigation suturing, the operation is ended.

It should be noted that "inward" is a direction toward the center of the accommodating space, and "outward" is a direction away from the center of the accommodating space.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship indicated based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in fig. 2, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly on or directly under the second feature or indirectly via intermediate members. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture, which is characterized by comprising four parts of a fixing plate, a screw cap and a locking nail, wherein:

the inner side surface of the fixing plate is an arc-shaped plate matched with the femoral shaft, and the fixing plate is provided with a screw hole at the near end and a locking nail hole at the far end;

the locking nail hole is used for the penetration of the locking nail so as to finally fix the fixing plate on the femoral shaft;

the screw hole is divided into a front part and a rear part through a step;

the screw is of a solid structure, the head of the screw is provided with a first thread, and the tail of the screw is provided with an internal fixing cavity used for being connected with the body part of the screw cap; the diameter of the head of the screw cap is larger than the diameter of the front half part of the screw hole and smaller than the diameter of the rear half part of the screw hole;

the tail part of the screw is arranged in the screw hole in a penetrating mode and can slide in the front half part of the screw hole.

2. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, wherein the fixation plate is further provided with proximal centrally located holes and temporary fixation holes, and proximal temporary fixation holes; the central positioning hole is used for intraoperative positioning of the fixing plate; the temporary fixing hole is used for temporarily fixing the fixing plate in the operation.

3. The internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fracture according to claim 2, wherein the internal fixation cavity comprises a first internal cavity and a second internal cavity which are arranged in sequence, the cross section of the first cavity is hexagonal structure, the cross section of the second cavity is circular structure, the inner wall of the second cavity is provided with internal threads, and the external threads of the screw cap body are matched with the internal threads of the second cavity; the first cavity diameter is greater than the second cavity diameter.

4. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the screw holes are at least three in number and are arranged in an array at the proximal end of the fixation plate.

5. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 4, wherein the centrally located hole is disposed intermediate all of the screw holes.

6. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, wherein the number of locking nail holes is at least two, with an array disposed at the distal end of the fixation plate.

7. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 6, wherein all of said locking nail holes are either directional locking structures or universal locking structures.

8. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 7, wherein the directional locking structure of the locking nail hole is formed by uniformly distributing threads on the inner wall of the locking nail hole.

9. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 7, wherein the universal locking structure of the locking nail hole is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions arranged in the locking nail hole along a circumferential array, the ends of the arc-shaped protrusions are provided with threads, and the diameter of a circle enclosed between the ends of all the arc-shaped protrusions is equal to the diameter of the locking nail.

10. An internal fixation system for treating femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, wherein the head and tail outer diameters of the screws are the same.

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