CN211347961U - Device for preventing damage and contamination of optical window for observing ultra-high-speed collision fragment cloud - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for preventing the damage and contamination of an optical window for observing the ultrahigh-speed collision fragment cloud, which belongs to the technical field of the ultrahigh-speed collision fragment cloud measurement, and comprises a test target chamber for simulating the test environment, wherein the test target chamber comprises an observation chamber and a launching channel communicated with the observation chamber, a target plate is arranged in the observation chamber, and the fragment cloud is generated after the projectile collides with the target plate; an optical window is arranged on the opposite side of the observation chamber; the observation chamber is also internally provided with a protective cover for preventing sputtering particles from damaging the optical window and an exhaust port for communicating the test target chamber with the vacuum chamber, and the exhaust port is provided with a quick valve. The projectile is launched into the observation chamber from the launching channel, and generates fragment cloud after impacting the target plate, and the fragment cloud is observed through the optical window. The protection casing through the optical window can protect the optical window, simultaneously, will test the smoke and dust and the oil mist that come out from the launching tube after the end and discharge through the gas vent. The purpose of preventing the optical window from being damaged and stained is achieved.

Description

Device for preventing damage and contamination of optical window for observing ultra-high-speed collision fragment cloud

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a hypervelocity collision fragment cloud measures technical field, and specifically speaking relates to a device that prevents to survey hypervelocity collision fragment cloud optical window damage and stain.

Background

With the continuous exploration of outer space by human beings and the rapid development of aerospace technology, the quantity of space debris formed by combustion residues of a final stage rocket, satellite explosion and a rocket engine, peeled paint sheets, coatings and the like is increased sharply, and most of the space debris are positioned on a near earth orbit. The velocity of these space debris typically ranges from a few kilometers per second to tens of kilometers per second, posing a significant threat to the safety of in-orbit spacecraft.

During the high-speed impact process, the elastic target material can generate large deformation and fragmentation, and the phenomenon of spalling and damage caused by the action of stress waves can be generated, so that fragment cloud is formed. When the collision speed is very high, the pressure and the temperature of the target material are extremely high, and the fragment cloud can be melted, vaporized and even changed into a plasma physical phenomenon. The method has the advantages that structural characteristics of fragment clouds generated by ultra-high-speed collision are researched, possible damage of fragments to the spacecraft is deeply analyzed, design ideas and bases can be provided for protection design of the spacecraft, and safety requirements brought by continuous development of aerospace science and technology are met.

In the research work of ultra-high-speed collision of fragment clouds in the prior art, the structure of the fragment clouds is carefully analyzed mainly based on the fragment cloud images obtained through experiments. The second-level light gas gun is used for accelerating the projectile to thousands of meters per second or even tens of kilometers per second, and the projectile impacts the target plate to form fragment cloud simulation space fragments to impact the spacecraft. The energy source of the accelerated projectile can be ultrahigh pressure gas or gunpowder combustion, and due to the high energy density of the gunpowder, the gunpowder is mostly adopted to push the piston when the mass of the projectile is larger or the required projectile speed is higher.

In order to observe the shape of the fragment cloud impacted by the projectile, an optical window is arranged on the test target chamber, and the fragment cloud is observed by adopting a shadow method or X-rays. In order to prevent the particles sputtered by the debris cloud colliding with the observation plate from damaging the optical window, a layer of protective glass is additionally arranged in front of the optical window in the prior art. The contamination of the optical window by the smoke and oil mist coming out of the transmitting tube is cleaned by alcohol after the end of each test. In order to obtain a finer structure of the ultra-high-speed collision fragment cloud, the fragment cloud is measured by adopting an optical interference technology, impurities, scratches and the like on the optical glass can be recorded as stronger background noise during measurement, and meanwhile, the measurement result is seriously influenced by deflection of light caused by non-parallel glass.

In the prior art, the protective glass is additionally arranged in front of the optical window, the method for keeping the glass clean by cleaning every time cannot ensure the accuracy of the measurement of the optical interferometry technology, and meanwhile, the scratches of sputtered particles are difficult to eliminate, so that the recording of fragment cloud particle images is influenced. Therefore, how to effectively prevent the damage and contamination of the optical window for observing the ultra-high-speed collision fragment cloud and improve the measurement accuracy has very important significance.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a prevent to observe device that hypervelocity collision fragment cloud optical window damaged and stained is favorable to reducing the background noise of fragment cloud image, improves the accuracy that the interferometry measured fragment cloud structure.

In order to achieve the purpose, the device for preventing the damage and contamination of the optical window for observing the ultrahigh-speed collision fragment cloud comprises a test target chamber for simulating a test environment, wherein the test target chamber comprises an observation chamber and a launching channel communicated with the observation chamber, a target plate is arranged in the observation chamber, and the fragment cloud is generated after the shot collides with the target plate; an optical window for observing the fragment cloud is arranged on the opposite side of the observation chamber; the observation chamber is also internally provided with a protective cover for preventing sputtering particles from damaging the optical window and an exhaust port for communicating the test target chamber with the vacuum chamber, and the exhaust port is provided with a quick valve.

In the technical scheme, the projectile is emitted from the emission channel into the observation chamber, and generates fragment cloud after impacting the target plate, and the fragment cloud is observed through the optical window. The protection casing through the optical window can protect the optical window, simultaneously, will test the smoke and dust and the oil mist that come out from the launching tube after the end and discharge through the gas vent. The purpose of preventing the optical window from being damaged and stained is achieved.

Preferably, the protective cover is made of an aluminum pipe with the thickness of 1.5-2 mm, and the aluminum pipe is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the observation chamber. In order to prevent particles formed by the debris cloud from damaging the optical window, the distance between the end part of the protective cover and the center of the observation chamber is preferably 1.5-2 times of the maximum expansion diameter of the debris cloud. Because the maximum expansion diameters of the debris clouds formed at different impact speeds are different, according to the maximum test speed of the test bed, the distance from the end part of the protective cover to the center of the observation chamber is preferably 1.5 times of the maximum expansion diameter of the debris clouds.

Preferably, an observation plate is provided in the observation chamber so as to face the target plate. The debris cloud forms particles when it strikes the viewing plate.

Preferably, the end part of the launching channel is provided with a propellant chamber, the middle part of the launching channel is provided with a launching tube membrane, and a high-pressure hydrogen chamber is arranged between the propellant chamber and the launching tube membrane.

Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:

the speed measuring system is used for measuring the speed of the projectile;

and the control system calculates collision time according to the speed of the shot and controls the quick valve to be opened according to the collision time.

In order to prevent the smoke dust and oil mist coming out of the emission tube from contaminating the optical window after the test is finished, the speed of the projectile is obtained by adopting a speed measuring system, and the time for the projectile to collide with the target plate is calculated by a control system to obtain the time for finishing the test.

Preferably, the time interval from the end of the test to the start of the quick valve is 10-15 mus. And (4) delaying to quickly open the quick valve for 10-15 mu s to ensure that the smoke dust and the oil mist are discharged from the air outlet. During the test, gunpowder burns and pushes the piston to compress hydrogen in the high-pressure chamber, the pressure of the high-pressure chamber rises, the diaphragm in the launching tube is broken through by pressure, the high-pressure gas pushes the projectile to accelerate, and finally the projectile reaches the launching speed. The final launching speed of the projectile is far higher than the speed of the gas in the launching tube, and the time (test testing time) from the collision of the projectile on the target plate to the collision of the fragment cloud on the observation plate is less than 50 mu s, so that the gas in the launching tube does not flow to the optical window far after the test is finished, after the quick valve is started, the test target chamber is communicated with the vacuum chamber, and smoke dust and oil mist are discharged into the vacuum chamber from the gas outlet, so that the contamination of the optical window is avoided.

To reduce the possibility of contamination of the optical window, it is preferred that the time interval between the end of the test and the start of the actuation of the fast valve is 10 mus.

To further reduce the possibility of optical window contamination, it is preferred that the response time of the fast valve is less than 100 μ s.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

the device for preventing the damage and the contamination of the optical window of the debris cloud in the ultra-high speed collision observation can avoid the contamination of the optical window by smoke dust and oil mist, the damage of sputtered particles and the damage of cleaning to the optical window, is beneficial to reducing the background noise of the debris cloud image, and improves the accuracy of measuring the debris cloud structure by an interference method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of an apparatus for preventing damage and contamination of an optical window for viewing an ultra-high speed collision debris cloud in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of an apparatus for preventing damage and contamination of an optical window for viewing an ultra-high speed collision debris cloud in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device for preventing the damage and contamination of the optical window for observing the ultra-high speed collision debris cloud in the embodiment comprises a test target chamber 1, an optical window 2, a protective cover 3, a speed measuring system 4, a control system 5, an exhaust port 6, a quick valve 7, a fire chamber 8, a high-pressure hydrogen chamber 9, a launching tube membrane 10, a projectile 11, a target plate 12, a debris cloud 13 and an observation plate 14.

The test target chamber 1 is used for simulating a test environment and comprises an emission channel and an observation chamber, and vacuum can be kept in the target chamber. The optical window 2 is opened on the opposite side, and a shadow system, a schlieren system, a digital holographic system and the like can be arranged. The protective cover 3 of the optical window 2 is a 2mm thick aluminum tube with an inner diameter the same as the size of the optical window 2. The control system 5 calculates the time of the shot impacting the target plate 12 according to the signal of the speed measuring system 4, and accurately controls the opening of the fast valve 7.

In order to prevent the particles formed by the debris cloud hitting the viewing plate 14 from damaging the optical window 2, the end of the shield 3 is at a distance of 1.5 times the maximum extended diameter of the debris cloud from the centre of the viewing chamber.

In order to prevent the optical window 2 from being contaminated by the smoke dust and the oil mist coming out of the emission pipeline after the test is finished, the speed measuring system 4 is adopted to obtain the speed of the shot 11, the control system 5 calculates the time of the shot 11 colliding with the target plate 12 to obtain the time of the test finishing, the quick valve 7 is quickly opened by delaying 10 mu s to ensure that the smoke dust and the oil mist are discharged from the exhaust port 6.

During the test, gunpowder burns and pushes the piston to compress hydrogen in the high-pressure chamber, the pressure of the high-pressure chamber rises, the launching tube diaphragm 10 is crushed, the high-pressure gas pushes the projectile 11 to accelerate, and finally the projectile 11 reaches the launching speed. The final launching speed of the projectile 11 is far higher than the speed of the gas in the launching tube, and the time (test testing time) from the collision of the projectile 11 on the target plate 12 to the collision of the fragment cloud on the observation plate 14 is less than 50 mu s, so that the gas in the launching tube does not flow to the optical window 2 far after the test is finished, after the quick valve 7 is started, the test target chamber 1 is communicated with the vacuum chamber, and the smoke dust and the oil mist are discharged into the vacuum chamber from the exhaust port 6, so that the contamination of the optical window 2 is avoided.

To further reduce the possibility of contamination of the optical window 2, the response time of the fast valve 7 is 100 mus.

The working process of the device for preventing the damage and the contamination of the optical window for observing the ultra-high-speed collision fragment cloud is as follows:

(1) after the test preparation is finished, filling gunpowder;

(2) igniting, and propelling a piston to compress hydrogen in the high-pressure section by burning gunpowder;

(3) the launching tube membrane 10 is broken, and the high-pressure hydrogen pushes the projectile to accelerate;

(4) the speed measuring system obtains the speed of the projectile and calculates the collision time;

(5) opening the fast valve immediately after the fragment cloud image is recorded;

(6) and the smoke dust and the oil mist from the emission pipe are discharged from the air outlet, and the test is finished.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a prevent to observe hypervelocity collision fragment cloud optical window damage and device that stains, includes the test target room that is used for the simulation test environment, its characterized in that:

the test target chamber comprises an observation chamber and an emission channel communicated with the observation chamber, a target plate is arranged in the observation chamber, and fragment cloud is generated after the shot collides with the target plate; an optical window for observing the fragment cloud is arranged on the opposite side of the observation chamber;

the observation chamber is also internally provided with a protective cover for preventing sputtering particles from damaging the optical window and an exhaust port for communicating the test target chamber with the vacuum chamber, and the exhaust port is provided with a quick valve.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protection cover is made of aluminum tube with thickness of 1.5-2 mm, and the aluminum tube is connected with the inner wall of the observation chamber by screw thread.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance from the end of the shield to the center of the observation chamber is 1.5 to 2 times the maximum extended diameter of the debris cloud.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein an observation plate is disposed in the observation chamber and opposite to the target plate.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a propellant chamber is provided at an end of the launching channel, a launching tube membrane is provided at a middle portion of the launching channel, and a high pressure hydrogen chamber is provided between the propellant chamber and the launching tube membrane.

6. The apparatus for preventing damage and contamination of an observation ultra-high speed collision debris cloud optical window of claim 1, further comprising:

the speed measuring system is used for measuring the speed of the projectile;

and the control system calculates collision time according to the speed of the shot and controls the quick valve to be opened according to the collision time.

7. The apparatus for preventing damage and contamination of an optical window for observing ultra high speed collision debris cloud according to claim 6, wherein the time interval from the end of the test to the start of the fast valve is 10-15 μ s.

Images