CN111896396A - Rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device and experimental method thereof - Google Patents
Rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device and experimental method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111896396A CN111896396A CN202010926536.1A CN202010926536A CN111896396A CN 111896396 A CN111896396 A CN 111896396A CN 202010926536 A CN202010926536 A CN 202010926536A CN 111896396 A CN111896396 A CN 111896396A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0204—Safety arrangements, e.g. remote control, emergency stop
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
A rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device and an experimental method thereof relate to the technical field of rock dynamic mechanical research. The rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device comprises a pressure driving mechanism, a launching mechanism and a target chamber which are sequentially connected, and further comprises a testing and analyzing mechanism with a detection component and an analysis component; the pressure driving mechanism is used for driving an action object capable of performing rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiments or ultrahigh speed rock penetration characteristic experiments to enter a target chamber through the launching mechanism, a target body to be tested is arranged in the target chamber and used for acting with the action object, the detection assembly is arranged in the target chamber and used for detecting the driving speed of the action object into the target chamber, the stress data of the target body to be tested under the impact of the action object, the penetration depth and the penetration range of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object, the detection data are transmitted to the analysis assembly, and the analysis assembly is used for analyzing and calculating to obtain the rock dynamic mechanical properties of the target body to be tested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dynamic mechanical research of rocks, in particular to a dynamic mechanical property experimental device and an experimental method for rocks.
Background
The deep national defense engineering is a strategic facility for ensuring the safety and reliability of national headquarter command centers and the like, and is the last defense line of national defense and military defense. Generally, under the action of the strong dynamic load of the ultra-high speed kinetic energy weapon, the underground national defense engineering rock mass has the characteristics of large penetration range, strong ground impact pressure and the like. Therefore, the method accurately recognizes the dynamic characteristics of the strong dynamic load of the medium such as the rock and the like, scientifically evaluates the rock penetration characteristics and the ground shock stress wave law under the action of the strong dynamic load, and is a premise and a basis for ensuring the safety of national defense engineering under the attack of novel strategic weapons such as ultra-high-speed kinetic energy bombs.
At present, the main equipment for performing dynamic mechanical property and rock mass penetration characteristic experiments at home and abroad comprises a gas-liquid linkage experiment device, an SHBP rod experiment device, a light gas gun experiment device and the like. However, the existing gas-liquid linkage experimental device and SHBP rod experimental device have low strain rate and are mainly used for developing the strain rate of 101s-1～102s-1The research on the rock strength and deformation characteristics in the range can not meet the requirement of higher strain rate (10) under the action of strong dynamic load5s-1Above) relevant research requirements; the existing single-stage and multi-stage light gas gun devices are relatively single in function, the rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment and the rock penetration characteristic experiment under the action of the strong dynamic load need to be carried out by different devices at present, and a set of multifunctional experimental devices for simultaneously carrying out the ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment and the high-speed penetration characteristic research are not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device and an experimental method thereof, which can be used for carrying out rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiments and ultrahigh-speed rock penetration characteristic experiments in the same experimental device.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in one aspect of the invention, a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device is provided, which comprises a pressure driving mechanism, a launching mechanism, a target chamber and a test analysis mechanism; the pressure driving mechanism is used for driving an action object which can perform rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiments or ultra-high speed rock penetration characteristic experiments to enter the target chamber through the emission mechanism, a target body to be tested which acts on the action object is arranged in the target chamber, the test analysis mechanism comprises a detection component and an analysis component, the detection component is arranged in the target chamber and is used for detecting the speed of the action object driven into the target chamber, the stress data of the target body to be tested under the impact of the action object, the penetration depth and the penetration range of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object and transmitting the detection data to the analysis component, and the analysis component performs analysis calculation to obtain the rock dynamic mechanical properties of the target body to be tested. The rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device and the experimental method thereof can be used for carrying out rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiments and ultrahigh-speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiments in the same experimental device.
Optionally, the pressure driving mechanism includes a high-pressure air pump, an initiator, a heating device, a tube, and a rupture disc, wherein the initiator is connected between the high-pressure air pump and the tube, the tube is used for storing liquid carbon dioxide, the heating device is fixed in the tube and can be immersed in the liquid carbon dioxide for releasing heat into the tube, and the rupture disc is fixed in the tube for rupturing when the pressure in the tube reaches a preset value.
Optionally, the launching mechanism comprises a launching tube and a fixing device, one end of the launching tube is connected with the pressure driving mechanism, the other end of the launching tube is connected with the target chamber, and the fixing device is used for fixing the launching tube.
Optionally, the transmitting tube comprises a plurality of transmitting tubes, and two adjacent transmitting tubes are connected through the flange plate.
Optionally, a launching channel for the acting object to make linear accelerated motion is arranged in the launching tube, and the difference between the straightness of the launching channel and the preset straightness is within a preset range.
Optionally, the rock dynamic mechanical property experiment apparatus further comprises a huller connected between the launching tube and the target chamber, the huller being used for separating the bullet holder of the action object from the bullet body of the action object.
Optionally, the vacuum-pumping device is further included, and the vacuum-pumping device is connected with the target chamber and is used for performing vacuum-pumping treatment on the target chamber.
Optionally, the detection assembly includes a laser velocimeter, a stress/strain gauge and a laser scanner, wherein the laser velocimeter and the laser scanner are installed in the target chamber, and the stress/strain gauge is embedded in the target body to be tested.
Optionally, the stress/strain gauge comprises a piezoelectric film sensor and a manganin piezoresistive gauge, wherein the piezoelectric film sensor is used for detecting the stress and/or strain of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object when the rock ultra-high strain rate mechanical property experiment is carried out, and the manganin piezoresistive gauge is used for detecting the stress/strain of the target body to be tested under the action object when the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment is carried out.
Optionally, the target chamber is provided with an observation window.
In another aspect of the present invention, a dynamic mechanical property test method for a rock is provided, which includes:
arranging an action object at one end of the launching mechanism close to the pressure driving mechanism, wherein the action object is a projectile or a flyer;
a pressure driving mechanism is adopted to drive an acting object to enter a target chamber through a transmitting tube so that the acting object acts on a target body to be tested in the target chamber;
detecting the speed of the action object driven into the target chamber, the stress data of the target body to be tested under the impact of the action object, the penetration depth and the penetration range of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object by using a detection component of the test analysis component, and transmitting the detection data to an analysis component of the test analysis component;
and analyzing and processing the detection result of the detection assembly by adopting an analysis assembly of the test analysis assembly to obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock of the target body to be tested.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
when the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus who adopts this embodiment to provide carries out the experimental study of rock dynamic mechanical property, this application can use pressure actuating mechanism drive effect object earlier to make the effect object make straight line accelerated motion in launching mechanism, and enter the target chamber and with the target body effect that awaits measuring in the target chamber. Then, detecting the speed of an action object entering a target chamber, related stress data of a target body to be tested under the action of the action object and the penetration depth and penetration range of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object through a preset detection assembly, so as to obtain the speed of the action object, various stress data (including but not limited to the arrival time of stress waves and the stress of different sections of the target body to be tested) of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object and the penetration depth and penetration range of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object when a rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment is carried out; when the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment is carried out, the speed of an action object and stress data (including but not limited to the arrival time of stress waves and the magnitude of stress of different sections of the target body to be tested) of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object are obtained. And finally, analyzing and processing the detection data of the detection assembly by adopting an analysis assembly to obtain the rock dynamic mechanical characteristics corresponding to the target body to be tested in the rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical characteristic experiment or the ultrahigh speed rock penetration characteristic experiment. The application provides a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus can realize adopting and can carry out the experiment of rock super high strain rate mechanical property in same experimental apparatus, also can carry out the experiment of hypervelocity rock mass penetration characteristic. Meanwhile, the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device has the advantages of compact structure, strong comprehensive experimental capacity and simplicity in operation, and can acquire the mechanical property of ultra-high strain rate under the action of strong dynamic load, the ultra-high speed penetration characteristic of rock mass and the ground impact pressure rule, so that data support is provided for analyzing and preventing and controlling the damage disaster of rock mass under the action of dynamic load of blasting, and important reference value is provided for ensuring the safety of the national defense engineering under the impact of novel strategic weapons such as ultra-high speed kinetic energy bombs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is one of schematic structural diagrams of a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure driving mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a second schematic structural diagram of a pressure driving mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a target chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic structural view of a target chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a third schematic structural diagram of a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a laser velocimeter provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of measuring stress wave propagation using a piezoelectric film sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of stress wave propagation measurement using a manganin piezoresistive gauge provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a projectile holder according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a flyer receptacle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a huller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a flowchart of an experimental method for dynamic mechanical properties of rocks according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 10-a pressure driving mechanism; 11-a high-pressure air pump; 12-a detonator; 13-a heat generating device; 14-a tube body; 15-rupture disc; 16-a gas source; 20-a launching mechanism; 21-a launch tube; 22-a fixation device; 23-a flange plate; 30-target chamber; 31-a viewing window; 32-a hatch door; 33-speed measuring holes; 34-a light source; 35-splash-proof recovery part; 41-a detection component; 411-laser velocimeter; 4111-a laser; 4112-a photosensitive sensor; 412-piezoelectric thin film sensors; 413-manganese copper piezoresistance meter; 42-an analysis component; 50-a target body to be tested; 60-a controller; 71-flyer; 72-shot; 73-bullet holder; 80-a huller; 81-an outlet extension; 82-a first reducer; 83-a second reducer; 84-a sabot retriever; 85-a first chuck; 86-a second chuck; 87-housing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The application is based on the principle of a single-stage gas gun, and can be used for performing the mechanical property experiment of the rock with ultrahigh strain rate (the strain rate is 10)5s-1Above) and ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment (speed up to 10) can be carried out3m/s) or more, and the like, to develop a set of rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device for experimental study of rock dynamic mechanical properties under the action of strong dynamic load. The ultra-high strain rate mechanical property and ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment can be carried out by adopting the same experimental equipment. The application provides a rock dynamic mechanical properties experimental apparatus has characteristics such as comprehensive experiment ability reinforce, system exquisiteness, easy operation. In addition, because the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus that this application provided adopts single-stage gas big gun principle, compare in traditional second grade gas big gun, its size is little, compact structure, and area is littleer. The dynamic mechanical property experimental device for the rock deeply reveals dynamic mechanical properties of the rock, ultra-high speed penetration characteristics of the rock and ground impact pressure under the action of strong dynamic loadThe law and the evaluation and control of rock mass damage disasters under the action of dynamic blasting load can generate important referential significance for the safety of national defense engineering under the impact of novel strategic weapons such as ultra-high-speed kinetic energy bombs, and the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device of the application is explained and explained in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a rock dynamic mechanical property testing apparatus, which includes a pressure driving mechanism 10, a launching mechanism 20, a target chamber 30, and a testing and analyzing mechanism; the pressure driving mechanism 10, the launching mechanism 20 and the target chamber 30 are connected in sequence, the pressure driving mechanism 10 is used for driving an action object capable of performing a rock ultra-high strain rate mechanical property experiment or an ultra-high speed rock penetration characteristic experiment to enter the target chamber 30 through the launching mechanism 20, a target body 50 to be tested which is used for acting with the action object is arranged in the target chamber 30, the test analysis mechanism comprises a detection component 41 and an analysis component 42, the detection component 41 is arranged in the target chamber 30 and used for detecting the speed of the action object driven into the target chamber 30, the stress data of the target body 50 to be tested under the impact of the action object, the penetration depth and the penetration range of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the action object, the detection data are transmitted to the analysis component 42, and the analysis component 42 performs analysis calculation to obtain the dynamic rock mechanical property of the target body 50 to be tested. The rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device and the experimental method thereof can be used for carrying out rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiments and ultrahigh-speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiments in the same experimental device.
It should be noted that the pressure driving mechanism 10 is used for driving the object to be detected, so that the object to be detected obtains an impact velocity required for performing a rock ultra-high strain rate mechanical property experiment or an impact velocity required for performing an ultra-high speed rock penetration characteristic experiment, and the object to be detected can make a linear accelerated motion in the launching mechanism 20 so as to enter the target chamber 30.
For example, in order to develop the mechanical property experiment of the rock with ultra-high strain rate on a set of test device and also develop the characteristic experiment of the ultra-high speed rock penetration, in this embodiment, the pressure driving mechanism 10 may beThe structure of the pressure driving mechanism 10 can be referred to as fig. 3, wherein the tube 14 of the pressure driving mechanism 10 can be made of gun steel or die steel; another is to adopt liquid-phase CO2The structure of the phase-change high-pressure driving device can be shown in fig. 4, and the material of the tube 14 can also be gun steel or die steel. Wherein the compressed air drives and liquid phase CO2The phase change high voltage driver is respectively connected with the launching mechanisms 20 so as to be used for driving the action object to perform corresponding rock dynamic mechanical property tests. Specifically, the device is mainly used for driving an action object to perform rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiments when compressed air is adopted for driving; using liquid-phase CO2The phase change high-voltage driving can be used for carrying out ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiments.
It should be noted that, the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus of the present application may install two driving mechanisms on the launching mechanism 20, respectively, so as to select a compressed air driving mode when performing the rock ultra-high strain rate mechanical property experiment; and in the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment, liquid-phase CO is selected and used2Phase change high voltage driving mode. Of course, in practical applications, those skilled in the art may selectively connect the two driving structures to the launching mechanism 20 in alternative manners, which is not limited in this application.
Illustratively, when the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device is used for carrying out the low strain rate mechanical property and low elastic speed penetration experimental study on the rock brittle material, the dynamic mechanical property experimental device can be carried out in the above compressed air driving mode.
The above-mentioned launching mechanism 20 is mainly used to ensure that the acting object performs high-precision linear acceleration motion in the launching mechanism 20 (i.e. in the launching tube 21 of the launching mechanism 20). In order to ensure a high precision of the linear movement of the object of action, in the present embodiment, the straightness of the launch path of the launch tube 21 should meet the corresponding requirements. Meanwhile, in order to realize the high-precision linear motion of the action object so as to enable the action object to accurately collide with the target body, in the embodiment, the inner wall of the emission channel of the emission tube 21 can be polished to ensure the straightness requirement of the emission channel.
Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the target chamber 30 is connected to the launching mechanism 20, wherein a target body 50 to be tested for acting on the target is disposed in the target chamber 30. The target chamber 30 is mainly provided to provide an action site for the collision between the target body 50 to be tested and an action object.
Optionally, in order to facilitate observing the collision condition in the target chamber 30, in this embodiment, the target chamber 30 may further be provided with an observation window 31. The observation window 31 may be made of a transparent material, for example, glass having a thickness and a hardness meeting the requirements. Specifically, the thickness and hardness level of the glass can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, and details are not repeated in the present application.
In addition, in order to facilitate the installation of the target 50 to be tested and the associated detection assembly 41, and also to facilitate subsequent laboratory cleaning in the target chamber 30, optionally, in the present embodiment, the target chamber 30 is further provided with a door 32. The door 32 may be made of a metal material, for example, and may have a wall thickness of between 10mm and 20 mm. Besides, in order to guarantee the air tightness requirement, all the gaps generated by the arrangement of the hatch 32 and the observation window 31 can be sealed by rubber. It should be noted that the rubber should be selected to meet the requirements of aging resistance and other relevant experiments. Correspondingly, in order to facilitate the detection component 41 to perform laser speed measurement on the acting object, the target chamber 30 should be further provided with a corresponding speed measurement hole 33 and a corresponding light source 34.
In addition, the dynamic mechanical properties of rock experimental apparatus of this application still includes evacuating device, and this evacuating device is connected with target chamber 30 for carry out evacuation processing to target chamber 30. The evacuation device may be a large-volume vacuum tank, for example, which may be used to evacuate the target chamber 30 and the launching mechanism 20 connected to the target chamber 30 before the experiment is started. Of course, the vacuum tank is only an example of the vacuum device provided in the present application, and in other embodiments, other vacuum devices meeting the requirements may be selected by those skilled in the art.
In the present embodiment, the target of action described herein may be a projectile 72 or a flyer 71. When the rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment is carried out, the acting object is a flyer 71; when the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment is carried out, the acting object is the projectile 72.
In order to facilitate detection and analysis of various data, the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device comprises the test analysis mechanism, wherein the test analysis mechanism comprises a detection component 41 and an analysis component 42, and the detection component 41 is used for detecting various data required by a rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment or an ultrahigh-speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment and transmitting the data to the analysis component 42. The analysis component 42 is used for analyzing and processing the relevant data detected by the detection component 41, so as to obtain the rock dynamic mechanical characteristics of the target body 50 to be tested.
For example, when the projectile 72 is used for carrying out an ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment, the detection assembly 41 is used for detecting the speed of the projectile 72, various pieces of stress data (including but not limited to the arrival time of stress waves and the magnitude of stress of different sections of the target body 50 to be tested) of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the projectile 72, and the penetration depth and penetration range of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the projectile 72; when the flyer 71 is used for a rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment, the detection component 41 is used for detecting the speed of the flyer 71 and stress data (including but not limited to the arrival time of stress waves and the magnitude of stress of different sections of the target body 50 to be tested) of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the flyer 71, and the analysis component 42 is used for analyzing and processing the detection data of the detection component 41 to obtain the rock dynamic mechanical property of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of an action object.
In addition, the analysis component 42 of the present application includes, but is not limited to, experimental data processing and analysis related software, one-dimensional simulation, and parameter identification. For example, the method includes but is not limited to signal wavelet analysis, EMD and neural network analysis software, one-dimensional stress-strain curve analysis software based on Lagrange transformation, material mechanics parameter identification software, high-speed penetration impact pressure and penetration depth and range analysis software and the like. Specifically, those skilled in the art can appropriately select the relevant software according to each item of data to be analyzed, and details of the relevant software are not described herein.
In addition, referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, a controller 60 may be further included, and the controller 60 is electrically connected to the pressure driving mechanism 10, the detecting component 41, the analyzing component 42, and the like, so as to activate each component for the purpose of general control.
In summary, when the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus provided in this embodiment is used to perform a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental study, the pressure driving mechanism 10 may be used to drive the acting object first, so that the acting object makes a linear accelerated motion in the launching mechanism 20, and enters the target chamber 30 to act on the target body 50 to be tested in the target chamber 30. Then, the speed of the action object entering the target chamber 30, the related stress data of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the action object, and the penetration depth and penetration range of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the action object are detected through a preset detection component 41, so that when the rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment is carried out, the speed of the action object, various stress data (including but not limited to the stress wave arrival time and stress magnitude of different sections of the target body 50 to be tested) of the target body 50 to be tested under the action object, and the penetration depth and penetration range of the target body 50 to be tested under the action object are obtained; when the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment is carried out, the speed of an action object and stress data (including but not limited to the arrival time of stress waves and the magnitude of stress of different cross sections of the target body 50 to be tested) of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the action object are obtained. Finally, the analysis component 42 is adopted to analyze and process the detection data of the detection component 41, so as to obtain the rock dynamic mechanical characteristics corresponding to the target body 50 to be tested in the rock ultra-high strain rate mechanical characteristic experiment or the ultra-high speed rock penetration characteristic experiment. The application provides a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus can realize adopting and can carry out the experiment of rock super high strain rate mechanical property in same experimental apparatus, also can carry out the experiment of hypervelocity rock mass penetration characteristic. Meanwhile, the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device has the advantages of compact structure, strong comprehensive experimental capacity and simplicity in operation, and can acquire the mechanical property of rock ultrahigh strain rate, the ultra-high speed penetration characteristic of rock and the ground impact pressure rule under the action of strong dynamic load, thereby providing data support for analyzing and preventing and controlling the damage disaster of rock under the action of dynamic load of blasting and providing important reference value for ensuring the safety of national defense engineering under the impact of novel strategic weapons such as ultra-high speed kinetic energy bombs.
Alternatively, in addition to the pressure driving mechanism 10 of the present application adopting two driving structures simultaneously connected to the launching mechanism 20 or adopting a manner of replacing the two driving structures with each other, the pressure driving mechanism 10 of the present application may also be in a single structural form, and when the single structural form is adopted, the strength of the pressure driving mechanism is designed to be liquid phase CO2Driving phase change high voltage to control CO2The phase change initiator 12 is connected with the high pressure air pump 11. The high-pressure air pump 11 is connected with an air source 16 for supplying air.
Illustratively, the pressure driving mechanism 10 includes a high pressure air pump 11, an initiator 12, a heat generating device 13, a tube 14 and a rupture disk 15, wherein the initiator 12 is connected between the high pressure air pump 11 and the tube 14, the tube 14 can be used for storing liquid carbon dioxide, the heat generating device 13 is fixed in the tube 14 and can be immersed in the liquid carbon dioxide for releasing heat into the tube 14, and the rupture disk 15 is fixed in the tube 14 and is used for rupturing when the pressure in the tube 14 reaches a preset value. Thus, when the ultrahigh strain rate experiment is carried out, the high-pressure air pump 11 is started, and the initiator 12 is not started; when carrying out ultra-high speed rock mass penetration experiments, the high-pressure air pump 11 is not started, and the initiator 12 is started.
It should be noted that the tube 14 is a metal member or an alloy member, and is used for storing liquid carbon dioxide, an air outlet end may be further disposed at an end of the tube 14 away from the high pressure air pump 11, the air outlet end may be screwed onto the tube 14, the air outlet end is provided with a device for releasing high pressure gas generated by phase change of the liquid carbon dioxide, and the rupture disc 15 may be screwed and fixed in the tube 14 through the air outlet end. The heat generating device 13 can be fixed in the tube 14 and immersed in the liquid carbon dioxide for releasing heat into the tube 14 to cause the liquid carbon dioxide to change phase. After the liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to phase change, the pressure in the tube body 14 is increased until the pressure exceeds the preset pressure value of the rupture disk 15, at the moment, the rupture disk 15 is ruptured, and high-pressure gas is discharged.
In addition, it should be understood that when the pressure driving mechanism 10 is in a single structure, when the driving is required by using compressed air, the high-pressure air pump 11 is selectively activated, and the initiator 12 is not activated (see fig. 3); when it is desired to use liquid phase CO2When the phase-change high-pressure driving is performed, liquid carbon dioxide is injected into the tube 14 through the injection port of the tube 14, and the initiator 12 is started without starting the high-pressure air pump 11 (see fig. 4).
Alternatively, the launching mechanism 20 of the present application includes a launching tube 21 and a fixing device 22, one end of the launching tube 21 is connected with the pressure driving mechanism 10, the other end is connected with the target chamber 30, and the fixing device 22 is used for fixing the launching tube 21.
It should be noted that the fixing device 22 is provided to fix the launching tube 21, so as to ensure the structural stability and straightness of the launching tube 21. In addition, in order to further improve the stability, the fixing device 22 needs to be reinforced, and the launching tube 21 and the fixing device 22 are rigidly connected to ensure that the launching tube 21 does not rigidly displace during the test. In consideration of the limitation of the processing length of the current single pipe, the launching tubes 21 of the present application may include a plurality of launching tubes, and two adjacent launching tubes 21 are connected by the flange 23, so as to ensure that the axes of the two adjacent launching tubes 21 are on the same line.
Furthermore, a launching channel for the action object to do linear accelerated motion is arranged in the launching tube 21, and the difference value between the straightness of the launching channel and the preset straightness is within a preset range. The preset range can be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual requirements, and for example, the requirement of the preset range can be based on that the deviation of the bore clearance angle of the action object is not more than 1 °.
Alternatively, the detection assembly 41 provided by the present application may include a laser velocimeter 411, a stress/strain gauge, and a laser scanner, wherein the laser velocimeter 411 and the laser scanner are installed in the target chamber 30, and the stress/strain gauge is embedded in the target body 50 to be tested.
The laser velocimeter 411 is used to detect the velocity of the target (the flight 71 or the projectile 72). Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a laser velocimeter 411, which can be combined with a laser 4111 and a photosensor 4112 to achieve the purpose of laser velocimetry. The stress/strain gauge is used for detecting various stress data (for example, including but not limited to the arrival time and the stress magnitude of stress waves of different cross sections of the target body 50 to be tested and the like) of the target body 50 to be tested under the impact of an acting object (a flying piece 71 or a shot 72). The laser scanner is used to detect the penetration depth and penetration range of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the action object (projectile 72). This application is through detecting above-mentioned relevant data to transmit to analysis subassembly 42, through analysis subassembly 42's analytical computation, can calculate and obtain shock wave propagation velocity, particle velocity etc. thereby confirm strain, strain rate and impact adiabatic relation coefficient, and then can be used to study the propagation characteristic of the shock wave that the strong load impact arouses in the target body 50 that awaits measuring. When the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment is carried out, a laser scanner can be used in combination with a two-dimensional image and three-dimensional reconstruction software to obtain a three-dimensional image of penetration pit forming, so that the cross section shape and the volume of a crater can be obtained, and therefore, the method not only can be directly used for building and checking a penetration calculation formula, but also can be used for checking the correctness of a numerical algorithm and software.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the stress/strain gauge optionally includes a piezoelectric thin film sensor 412 and a manganin piezoresistive gauge 413, wherein the piezoelectric thin film sensor 412 is used for detecting the stress and/or strain of the target 50 to be tested under the action of the flyer 71 so as to perform the ultra-high strain rate mechanical property experiment; the manganin piezoresistive gauge 413 is used for detecting the stress/strain of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the projectile 72 so as to carry out ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment. Referring to fig. 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating measurement of stress wave propagation by using the piezoelectric film sensor 412, and fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating measurement of stress wave propagation by using the manganin piezoresistive gauge 413. The application can measure the propagation and attenuation of stress waves in a target body in a plane impact experiment through the use of the piezoelectric film sensor 412 or the manganin piezoresistive gauge 413.
In the present embodiment, the flyer 71 is mainly used for material dynamic mechanical property experimental study, and in order to avoid contamination of reflected waves and boundary dispersion waves, the flyer 71 is generally in a shape of a thin cake (small aspect ratio) with a large diameter and a small thickness; the projectile 72 is mainly used for research on penetration processes, and the test result thereof can be directly used for research on weapons such as armor piercing bullets and ground boring bullets, so that the projectile is generally in a long cylindrical shape (the head of the projectile is variable, such as a flat head shape, a conical shape, a hemispherical shape or an oval shape), and the long diameter thereof is relatively large. Considering that the flyer 71 and the projectile 72 are launched in the same barrel, the present application can specifically design the projectile holders 73 with different sizes to be respectively suitable for experimental research of the projectile 72 and the flyer 71, and in the experimental research, a person skilled in the art can select the appropriate projectile holder 73 according to an action object. In order to ensure that the flyer 71 and the projectile 72 perform linear acceleration movement with high precision, the diameter of the connection part of one side of the projectile holder 73 and the launching tube 21 is the same as that of the launching tube 21, and the diameters of the front parts of the projectile holder 73 (i.e. the supporting parts of the flyer 71 and the projectile 72) can be different, please refer to fig. 11 and 12 in combination, and fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the projectile holder 73 of the projectile 72; fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the flyer 71 sabot 73.
It should be noted that the cross-sectional area inside the launching tube 21 of the light gas gun can be effectively expanded by the bullet holder 73, so as to improve the gas utilization efficiency of the light gas gun, and on the other hand, the bullet holder 73 can play a role in centering and guiding the bullet body, so that the trajectory of the bullet body is more stable. In this embodiment, the sabot 73 is fabricated from a polymer and a lightweight low strength aluminum alloy. In the application, when the experiment research of the projectile 72 or the flying piece 71 is specifically carried out, the proper projectile holder 73 can be selected correspondingly.
Alternatively, after the projectile leaves the launching tube 21 together with the receptacle 73, it is necessary to separate the projectile from the receptacle 73 as soon as possible to avoid the receptacle 73 striking the target 50 to be tested and interfering with the experimental results. For this reason, the dynamic mechanical properties of rock experimental apparatus of this application still includes huller 80. A huller 80 is connected between the launching tube 21 and the target chamber 30, and the huller 80 may be used to stop the hull 73 of the subject and pass the hull of the subject through the huller 80 to enter the target chamber 30, thereby separating the hull 73 from the hull.
The huller 80 provided in this embodiment employs a mechanical hulling technique. Referring to fig. 13, the huller 80 employs a three-stage deceleration mechanism: the projectile flies out of the launching tube 21 and enters the outlet extension section 81, the projectile holder 73 collides with the shell 87 of the huller 80, then the projectile holder 73 collides with the first speed reducer 82 along the conical shell 87, the first speed reducer 82 further forms three-stage speed reduction and buffering with the second speed reducer 83 and the projectile holder recoverer 84 after obtaining the speed, and finally the projectile holder 73 is braked by absorbing energy through rubber rings in the first chuck 85 and the second chuck 86. The fragments of the bullet holder 73 are recovered by the bullet holder recoverer 84, and the bullet body flies out along the inner hole of the shell 87 and is shot to the target body 50 to be tested to realize hulling. Adopt the mechanical type peel ware 80 of this application for bullet holds in the palm 73 and takes place direct mechanical action with peel ware 80, thereby realizes the separation of bullet support 73 and projectile, and projectile speed can not lose in this in-process. It should be understood that the structure of the huller 80 is only an example of the present application, and the structure of the huller 80 is not limited, and in other embodiments, the skilled person can still select the huller 80 with other mechanical mechanisms or use the pneumatic huller 80, which is not limited by the present application.
Optionally, the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental apparatus provided by the application further includes an anti-splash recovery part 35, the anti-splash recovery part 35 is disposed in the target chamber 30, and is made of materials such as cement blocks and cotton wool, and is mainly used for playing an anti-splash role when acting on the target body 50 to be tested.
In another aspect of the present invention, referring to fig. 14, a method for testing dynamic mechanical properties of a rock includes the following steps:
and S100, installing an action object at one end of the launching mechanism 20 close to the pressure driving mechanism 10, wherein the action object is a projectile 72 or a flyer 71.
It should be noted that the rock dynamic mechanical property experimental method provided by the application is performed based on a rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device. In addition, when the rock ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment is carried out, the action object is a flyer 71; when the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment is carried out, the acting object is the projectile 72.
And S200, driving the action object to enter the target chamber 30 through the launching mechanism 20 by using the pressure driving mechanism 10 so as to enable the action object to act on the target body 50 to be tested in the target chamber 30.
S300, detecting the driving speed of the action object into the target chamber 30, the stress data of the target body 50 to be tested under the impact of the action object, the penetration depth and the penetration range of the target body 50 to be tested under the action of the action object by using the detection component 41 of the test analysis component 42, and transmitting the detection data to the analysis component 42 of the test analysis component 42.
And S400, analyzing and processing the detection data of the detection component 41 by adopting the analysis component 42 of the test analysis component 42 to obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock of the target body 50 to be tested.
In addition, the acting object should be accelerated linearly in the launching mechanism 20. In addition, in the application, because the selection of the corresponding mode for performing the ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment of the rock or performing the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment has been elaborated in detail in the device part, the method is also applicable, and a person skilled in the art can obtain the ultrahigh strain rate mechanical property experiment or the ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment through reasonable analysis according to the setting of the corresponding device, so the specific implementation steps of the method are not repeated in the embodiment.
The above description is only an alternative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations of the present invention may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (10)
1. A rock dynamic mechanical property experimental device is characterized by comprising a pressure driving mechanism, a launching mechanism, a target chamber and a test analysis mechanism; the pressure driving mechanism, the launching mechanism and the target chamber are connected in sequence, the pressure driving mechanism is used for driving an action object which can be used for carrying out a rock ultra-high strain rate mechanical property experiment or an ultra-high speed rock mass penetration characteristic experiment to enter the target chamber through the launching mechanism, a target body to be tested which is used for acting with the action object is arranged in the target chamber, the test analysis mechanism comprises a detection component and an analysis component, the detection assembly is arranged in the target chamber and used for detecting the speed of the action object driven into the target chamber and the stress data of the target body to be tested under the impact of the action object, and penetration depth and penetration range of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object, and transmitting detection data to the analysis component, the analysis component is used for analyzing and calculating to obtain the rock dynamic mechanical property of the target body to be tested.
2. The rock dynamics experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure driving mechanism comprises a high pressure air pump, an initiator, a heating device, a tube and a rupture disc, wherein the initiator is connected between the high pressure air pump and the tube, the tube is used for storing liquid carbon dioxide, the heating device is fixed in the tube and can be immersed in the liquid carbon dioxide for releasing heat into the tube, and the rupture disc is fixed in the tube and is used for rupturing when the pressure in the tube reaches a preset value.
3. The experimental device for rock dynamic mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein the launching mechanism comprises a launching tube and a fixing device, one end of the launching tube is connected with the pressure driving mechanism, the other end of the launching tube is connected with the target chamber, and the fixing device is used for fixing the launching tube.
4. The experimental device for rock dynamic mechanical properties of claim 3, wherein the transmitting tubes comprise a plurality of transmitting tubes, and two adjacent transmitting tubes are connected through a flange.
5. The experimental device for rock dynamic mechanical characteristics as claimed in claim 3, wherein the launching tube is internally provided with a launching channel for the action object to make linear acceleration movement, and the difference between the straightness of the launching channel and the preset straightness is within a preset range.
6. The rock dynamics testing apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a huller connected between the launching tube and the target chamber, the huller being configured to separate the sabot of the target from the projectile of the target.
7. The rock dynamics experiment device of claim 1, further comprising a vacuum device connected to the target chamber for vacuum processing the target chamber.
8. The experimental device for rock dynamic mechanical properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection assembly comprises a laser velocimeter, a stress/strain gauge and a laser scanner, wherein the laser velocimeter and the laser scanner are installed in the target chamber, and the stress/strain gauge is embedded in the target body to be tested.
9. The rock dynamic mechanical property experiment device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the stress/strain gauge comprises a piezoelectric film sensor and a manganese copper piezoresistance meter, wherein the piezoelectric film sensor is used for detecting the stress and/or strain of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object when the rock ultra-high strain rate mechanical property experiment is carried out, and the manganese copper piezoresistance meter is used for detecting the stress/strain of the target body to be tested under the action object when the ultra-high speed rock penetration characteristic experiment is carried out.
10. A rock dynamic mechanical property experiment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging an action object at one end of the launching mechanism close to the pressure driving mechanism, wherein the action object is a projectile or a flyer;
driving the action object to enter a target chamber through a launching mechanism by adopting a pressure driving mechanism so as to enable the action object to act on a target body to be tested in the target chamber;
detecting the speed of the action object driven into the target chamber, the stress data of the target body to be tested under the impact of the action object, the penetration depth and the penetration range of the target body to be tested under the action of the action object by adopting a detection component of a test analysis component, and transmitting the detection data to an analysis component of the test analysis component;
and analyzing and processing the detection data of the detection assembly by adopting the analysis assembly to obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock of the target body to be tested.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112903484A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-04 | 西南交通大学 | Material impact strength measuring device |
| CN114858396A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-08-05 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Airplane component high-speed impact test device and method based on multi-caliber launching tube |
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2020
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112903484A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-04 | 西南交通大学 | Material impact strength measuring device |
| CN112903484B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-02-11 | 西南交通大学 | Material impact strength measuring device |
| CN114858396A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-08-05 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Airplane component high-speed impact test device and method based on multi-caliber launching tube |
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