CN211196528U

CN211196528U - Buoy for observing drifting of offshore surface layer

Info

Publication number: CN211196528U
Application number: CN201922269417.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙振宇; 杨龙奇; 胡建宇
Original assignee: Xiamen University
Current assignee: Xiamen University
Priority date: 2019-12-17
Filing date: 2019-12-17
Publication date: 2020-08-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-17

Abstract

The utility model provides an offshore top layer drift observation buoy, including buoy housing, battery pack, ballast heavy object, control system and temperature sensor, buoy housing's upper portion is provided with the cavity that is used for holding control system, and buoy housing's middle part is provided with the cavity that is used for holding battery pack, and buoy housing's lower part is provided with the cavity that is used for holding the ballast heavy object, and the lower part of ballast heavy object is provided with magnetic switch, and buoy housing's outside bottom is provided with temperature sensor, and temperature sensor is connected to the memory, and control system includes the memory, and the memory is used for storing buoy's drift trajectory data. The offshore surface drift observation buoy is stable in structure, can adapt to changes of complex factors such as offshore weather and ocean current, has the characteristics of low cost, low communication cost, small size, convenience in throwing and the like, and is suitable for application scenes such as offshore estuaries and land-framed shallow seas.

Description

Buoy for observing drifting of offshore surface layer

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to ocean data monitoring field, concretely relates to buoy is surveyd in coastal waters top layer drift.

Background

The surface layer drifting buoy of ocean is a small-sized ocean observation buoy developed gradually according to needs of ocean investigation, environmental monitoring and the like, the drifting buoy freely drifts along with surface ocean currents after being arranged, the longitude and the latitude of the surface layer drifting buoy are obtained by means of satellite positioning, tracking data are transmitted to a ground receiving end through communication modes such as a satellite or a cellular network, various sensors are additionally arranged on part of the drifting buoy, observation data of elements such as ocean hydrological weather and the like can be automatically collected and transmitted, the drifting buoy has the characteristics of small size, light weight, convenience in throwing, no artificial limitation and the like, can continuously work in the ocean for several months to two years, and is suitable for various aspects such as ocean current and seawater transportation observation, ocean interaction research, natural disasters, sudden environmental pollution investigation and the like (L umpkin et al, 2017).

The drift buoy technology started in the early 50 s of the 20 th century and was originally developed by the united states leaders. The application of the earth polar orbit satellite and the geostationary satellite lays a foundation for the development of global marine environment monitoring. After the 70 s, the ARGOS (satellite positioning and data transmission) system provided positioning and data transmission support for large-scale surface drifting buoys. Subsequently, with the popularization and the improvement of the precision of the GPS system, the GPS module becomes a standard configuration of the positioning function of the drifting buoy. With the development of various communication technologies of satellite and ground, iridium, globalstar, the Beidou system of China and even the common cellular network of mobile phones also continuously replace the ARGOS system in different applications to bear the function of data communication.

In the application of sea area, drift buoys are mainly divided into two categories of Ocean type and near-shore type, each having different design configurations, the Ocean type is generally used in open deep sea area, and the large water sail is adopted to reduce the influence of sea surface wind force on surface floating bodies, the near-shore type is limited by terrain and artificial facilities, the design of the buoy body is relatively short, elements such as Ocean current of 1-2 meters on the surface layer can be intensively measured, the 20 th century 80 generation combines the advantages of various Ocean type drift designs at the time, a standardized SVP drift buoy (Sybrand et al, 1992) is developed, a spherical surface buoy and a hollow cylindrical water sail are adopted, the large-scale application is carried out in the global Ocean, and the following dynamic buoy is launched in the application of the Ocean surface buoy, the Ocean buoy is developed to meet the requirements of the near-shore type buoy, the Ocean surface buoy design and the like, the requirements of the Ocean surface buoy can be met by the simple and easy application of the Ocean buoy, the Ocean buoy body can be used for observing the whole Ocean surface water surface floating bodies, the Ocean buoy, the Ocean surface buoy, the Ocean surface buoy, the Ocean buoy, the Ocean surface buoy, the Ocean buoy, the Ocean surface buoy, the Ocean surface buoy, the Ocean buoy, the Ocean surface buoy.

The method comprises the steps that Chang et al (2010) utilizes drift buoy data on a plurality of typhoon paths in a bay peripheral sea area to reveal that a sea surface flow field has a great flow velocity change response with a large forced difference for typhoons with different intensities, Qiu et al (2011) utilizes the northeast of the south sea and the bay sea gorges to analyze the surface flow field of the bay sea gorges by utilizing 110 drift buoy tracks of the northeast of the south sea and the bay sea gorges in nearly 20 years, L i et al (2011) analyzes historical data of the drift buoys in the research of the middle-scale vortexes in the north of the south sea, summarizes characteristic elements and area distribution rules of gas vortexes and reverse vortexes, Li 23779and the like (20123772012) perform synchronous inversion analysis on the drift buoy track and the radar peak and the like according to the drift buoy tracks of the north yellow sea buoys in the period of continuous oil release events in 2010 and by comparing the measured drift buoy data with radar peak.

China applies ocean drifting buoys and research results relate to multiple fields, ocean type drifting buoys which are tracked by satellites are mostly applied, and near-shore type drifting buoys based on a shore-based cellular network are less applied. However, the ocean type drifting buoy cannot adapt to the complex terrain of the offshore or estuary sea area, and is not easy to be used in the offshore sea area in a large scale; and the satellite communication equipment has higher hardware price and communication service fee price, thereby limiting the requirement of large-batch application of common users. In consideration of the continuous development of the communication technology and the Internet of things industry in China, the method can fully utilize the coverage range of a common cellular network in the offshore region, improve and develop the drifting buoy which is low in price and suitable for being used in the offshore region in China, and carry out large-scale application.

Although the design size of the offshore drifting buoy in China is small and exquisite, the offshore drifting buoy can adapt to complex terrains of offshore estuaries and harbors, the hardware cost is low, and the communication service cost is low, the offshore drifting buoy has obvious defects relative to an ocean drifting buoy tracked by a satellite, namely the application sea area is strictly limited by the coverage range of a mobile phone cellular network, and the offshore distance is generally not more than 10-30 km. Therefore, the offshore drifting buoy in China has fewer application cases and smaller scale, and can only meet the use requirements of local sea areas.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides an offshore surface layer drifting observation buoy, when the buoy is not in a signal coverage range, the collected data can be automatically cached in a memory, when the buoy drifts to a sea area covered by a communication base station again, all cached data can be sent back to a shore-based base station server, and the application range of the buoy is expanded.

The embodiment of the application provides an offshore surface layer drift observation buoy, including buoy housing, battery pack, ballast heavy object, control system and temperature sensor, buoy housing's upper portion is provided with the cavity that is used for holding control system, buoy housing's middle part is provided with the cavity that is used for holding battery pack, buoy housing's lower part is provided with the cavity that is used for holding the ballast heavy object, the lower part of ballast heavy object is provided with magnetic switch, buoy housing's outside bottom is provided with temperature sensor, temperature sensor is connected to the memory, and control system includes the memory, and the memory is used for storing buoy's drift trajectory data. The offshore surface layer drifting observation buoy is stable in structure, can adapt to factor changes such as offshore weather and ocean current, and has the characteristics of low cost, low communication cost, convenience in throwing and the like.

Preferably, the buoy housing is cylindrical in shape, has a diameter of 10cm and a height of 25cm, and has a height of 2-3cm above the water surface. The size design of the buoy shell is small and exquisite, only a small part of the whole buoy is exposed out of the water, and data such as ocean current water quality of 1-2 meters on the surface layer can be measured better in a centralized mode.

Preferably, a switch with a waterproof function is arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the buoy shell. The buoy is located in seawater for a long time, the buoy can be better prevented from electric leakage due to the arrangement of the waterproof switch, and the buoy is corroded by the seawater, so that the service life of the buoy is prolonged.

Preferably, the middle part of the buoy shell is provided with a variable-volume battery compartment to accommodate battery assemblies with different capacities as required. The battery compartment adopts the variable volume design for adjust according to the observation scheme demand of difference in reality, battery pack supplies power for entire system.

Preferably, the control system is further provided with a GPS module, a GPRS module and a control module. The GPS module is used for receiving satellite signals of a global GPS system and can better determine the position of the buoy, and the GPRS module is in wireless network communication with the shore-based communication base station, sends observation data of the buoy to the shore-based server and can receive operation instructions from the shore-based server.

Preferably, the GPS module, the GPRS module and the memory are respectively in communication connection with the control module. The control module is used for controlling and coordinating each functional module, so that the buoy can operate better.

Preferably, the buoy is provided with a trigger switch arranged to trigger the control system to store the positioning data in the memory when the positioning position of the buoy is beyond a certain range. The memory is mainly used for storing observed marine water body data, the memory caches the observed data under the condition that wireless network communication of the GRPS module is temporarily failed, and the memory resends the data to the GPRS module after the wireless network communication of the GPRS module is recovered.

Preferably, the buoy adopts dual time records of network time service and GPS time service. Meanwhile, two time recording modes are adopted, so that the accuracy of the observation time can be ensured.

Preferably, the sampling interval time of the buoy is set to 5 min. The sampling interval time of the buoy can be set according to different actual observation scheme requirements so as to adapt to different sea area observation environments.

The utility model provides an offshore top layer drift observation buoy mainly includes parts such as buoy housing, control system and temperature sensor. The drifting buoy is technically improved aiming at the traditional near-shore buoy, an automatic buffer module is added in a storage device, an algorithm of automatic buffer and replenishment is added, and the battery capacity is improved so as to prolong the running period of the buoy. The drifting buoy has the same working mode as that of a traditional buoy in a sea area covered by an offshore communication base station network, but can temporarily buffer acquired data into a memory after drifting out of a signal coverage range, and can send all buffered data back to the shore base station when drifting to the sea area covered by the communication base station again. Because the coastline of China is long, the peripheral ocean currents mainly take the coastline, and the buoy still has a great chance to return to the communication range along with the coastline after leaving the coverage range of the coastline communication base station. The invention thus extends the range of applications of conventional drift buoys from offshore and estuary to offshore and land-based ranges. The utility model discloses an offshore top layer drift observation buoy has stable in structure, low cost, communication cost is low, small in size and put in characteristics such as convenient, can adapt to the change of different factors such as marine weather, ocean current to this buoy has the function of automatic buffer memory benefit, makes it no longer rely on wireless network communication completely, the application range of this type of buoy of expansion of to a great extent, is fit for in the large-scale application in china offshore and shelf sea area.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Other embodiments and many of the intended advantages of embodiments will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similar parts.

Fig. 1 is a front view of a buoy according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a float according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The utility model discloses a will be described in detail below with accompanying drawing 1, the utility model discloses an offshore top layer drift observation buoy, including buoy housing 1, battery pack 3, ballast heavy object 4, control system 2 and temperature sensor 6, buoy housing 1's upper portion is provided with the cavity that is used for holding control system 2, buoy housing 1's middle part is provided with the cavity that is used for holding battery pack 3, buoy housing 1's lower part is provided with the cavity that is used for holding ballast heavy object 4, ballast heavy object 4's lower part is provided with magnetic switch 5, buoy housing 1's outside bottom is provided with temperature sensor 6, temperature sensor 6 is connected to memory 23, and control system 2 includes memory 23, and memory 23 is used for storing the drift trajectory data of buoy. The offshore surface layer drifting observation buoy is stable in structure, can adapt to factor changes such as offshore weather and ocean current, and has the characteristics of low cost, low communication cost, convenience in throwing and the like.

In a specific embodiment, the shell of the buoy is made of a water pressure resistant and corrosion resistant material, the buoy housing 1 is designed to be cylindrical, the diameter of the buoy housing 1 is 10cm, the height of the buoy housing 1 is 25cm, and the height of the buoy housing 1 exposed out of the water surface is 2-3 cm. The size of the buoy shell 1 is small, only a small part of the whole buoy is exposed out of the water surface, and data such as ocean current water quality with the surface layer being 1-2 meters can be measured better. The temperature sensor 6 is used for testing the temperature of the ocean water body and the flow velocity and the flow direction of the surface ocean current, and transmitting the temperature data, the ocean current flow velocity data and the flow direction data to the storage 23 for storage. The bottom of the outer side of the buoy shell 1 is provided with a switch with a waterproof function. The buoy is located in seawater for a long time, the buoy can be better prevented from electric leakage due to the arrangement of the waterproof switch, and is prevented from being corroded by seawater, and the buoy is convenient to start and shut down on the sea site. The main application scenes of the near-shore buoy are near-shore estuary and shallow sea on land, so that the buoy housing is small in design and does not need to be provided with a water sail.

In a particular embodiment, the central portion of the buoy housing 1 is provided with a variable volume battery compartment to accommodate battery assemblies 3 of different capacities as required. The battery compartment adopts the variable volume design for adjust according to the observation scheme demand of difference in reality, battery pack 3 supplies power for entire system. In a preferred embodiment, the battery capacity of the battery assembly 3 may satisfy a duration of 3 months.

Fig. 2 shows a structure diagram of the buoy system of the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the control system inside the buoy is provided with a GPS module 21, a GPRS module 26, and a control module 22. The GPS module 21 is used for receiving satellite signals of a global GPS system, the positioning precision of the GPS module 21 is 10m, the positioning time interval can be freely set, and continuous high-frequency positioning for 1 time as fast as 1 minute can be set so as to better determine the position of the buoy. The GPS module 21 stores the positioning data in the memory 23, and the memory 23 transmits the positioning data to the GPRS module 26. The GPRS module 26 performs wireless network communication with a shore-based communication base station, transmits the observation data of the buoy to a shore-based server, and receives instructions from the shore-based server.

In a particular embodiment the buoy is provided with a trigger switch arranged to trigger the control system 2 to store the positioning data in the memory 23 when the positioning position of the buoy is out of a certain range. The memory 23 is mainly used for storing observed marine water body data and has an automatic caching function, the memory 23 automatically caches the observed data when the wireless network communication of the GRPS module 26 is temporarily disabled, and the memory 23 resends the data to the GPRS module 26 after the wireless network communication of the GPRS module 26 is recovered.

In the specific embodiment, the GPS module 21, the GPRS module 26 and the memory 23 are each communicatively connected to the control module 22. The control module 22 is used to control and coordinate the various functional modules so that the buoy can operate better. The control module 22 commands the memory 23 to send the observation data to the GPRS module 26.

In a specific embodiment, the buoy adopts dual time records of network time service and GPS time service. Meanwhile, two time recording modes are adopted, so that the accuracy of the observation time can be ensured. The sampling interval time of the buoy is set to 5 min. The sampling interval time of the buoy can be set according to different actual observation scheme requirements so as to adapt to different sea area observation environments.

In a specific embodiment, the coastal currents of China are widely distributed in the Bohai sea, the yellow sea, the east sea and the northern sea of the south sea, and mainly include the coastal currents of North Lu, North Su, Zhe Min, Guangdong, etc. As China is long along the coastal system, the buoy is generally not folded to the ocean in the open sea, and all observation data can be returned as long as the buoy passes through the communication area again along with the coastal system even if most of the drifting time of the drifting buoy is out of the communication range. Based on the function, the application range of the drift buoy can be expanded from a basic coastal bay to offshore and landframe sea areas, and the application value of the drift buoy is greatly improved.

The embodiment of the application provides an offshore surface drift observation buoy which mainly comprises a buoy shell 1, a control system 2, a temperature sensor 6 and the like. The drifting buoy has the same working mode as the traditional buoy in the sea area covered by the near-shore communication base station network, but can automatically buffer the acquired data into the memory 23 after the buoy drifts out of the signal coverage range, and can send all the buffered data back to the shore base station when the buoy drifts to the sea area covered by the communication base station again. Because the coastline of China is long, the peripheral ocean currents mainly take the coastline, and the buoy still has a great chance to return to the communication range along with the coastline after leaving the coverage range of the coastline communication base station. The invention thus extends the range of applications of conventional drift buoys from offshore and estuary to offshore and land-based ranges. The utility model discloses an offshore top layer drift observation buoy has stable in structure, low cost, communication cost is low, small in size and put in characteristics such as convenient, can adapt to the change of different factors such as marine weather, ocean current to this buoy has the function of automatic buffer memory benefit, makes it no longer rely on wireless network communication completely, the application range of this type of buoy of expansion of to a great extent, is fit for in the large-scale application in china offshore and shelf sea area.

While the principles of the invention have been described in detail in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of exemplary implementations of the invention and are not limiting of the scope of the invention. The details in the embodiments do not constitute the limitations of the scope of the present invention, and any obvious changes such as equivalent transformation, simple replacement, etc. based on the technical solution of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An offshore surface drifting observation buoy, characterized by comprising a buoy shell, a battery assembly, ballast weights, a control system and a temperature sensor, wherein a cavity for accommodating the control system is arranged at the upper part of the buoy shell, a cavity for accommodating the battery assembly is arranged at the middle part of the buoy shell, a cavity for accommodating the ballast weights is arranged at the lower part of the buoy shell, a magnetic switch is arranged at the lower part of the ballast weights, the temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the buoy shell, the temperature sensor is connected to a memory, and the control system comprises the memory for storing drifting trajectory data of the buoy.

2. The offshore surface drifting observation buoy of claim 1, wherein the buoy housing is cylindrical in shape, has a diameter of 10cm and a height of 25cm, and has a height of 2-3cm above the water surface.

3. Offshore surface drifting observation buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom outside the buoy housing is provided with a switch with a water-proof function.

4. The offshore surface drifting observation buoy of claim 1, wherein the middle of the buoy housing is provided with a variable volume battery compartment to accommodate battery assemblies of different capacities as required.

5. Offshore surface drifting observation buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system is provided with a GPS module, a GPRS module and a control module.

6. The offshore surface drifting observation buoy of claim 5, wherein the GPS module, the GPRS module and the memory are each communicatively coupled to the control module.

7. Offshore surface drifting observation buoy according to claim 5, characterized in that the buoy is provided with a trigger switch arranged to trigger the control system to store observation data in the memory within a range of the buoy's location.

8. The offshore surface drift observation buoy of claim 1, wherein the buoy uses dual time recording of network time service and GPS time service.

9. The offshore surface drifting observation buoy of claim 1, wherein the sampling interval time of the buoy is set to 5 min.