CN211156166U

CN211156166U - Instrument for reduction of fracture broken end

Info

Publication number: CN211156166U
Application number: CN201921390120.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙梁; 潘玙
Original assignee: Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Current assignee: Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Priority date: 2019-08-26
Filing date: 2019-08-26
Publication date: 2020-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-26

Abstract

An instrument for resetting a broken end of a fracture comprises a pair of movable external supports, a retracting device for controlling the external supports to move so as to retract a broken end bone, and bone screws for fixing on bones of a patient, and is characterized in that the external supports comprise 2 moving plates which oppositely move away from each other, and the 2 moving plates are combined and connected into a cuboid in an up-and-down matching manner; the retracting device is arranged at the upper end of the in-vitro bracket; the bone screw vertically penetrates through the movable plate; the bone screws and the retracting devices are respectively arranged on two vertical long-axis surfaces of the moving plate; the 2 movable plates are connected in a combined mode, the bone screws are connected with the movable plates in a combined mode, and the retracting device is connected with the external support in a combined mode. The beneficial effects of this technical scheme do: the bone screw with the three pointed ends can be quickly assembled, the bone screw with the three pointed ends is arranged at two ends of a broken end bone of a patient, and the moving plate is driven to move in a reverse and separated mode through the retracting device, so that the broken end bone is pulled open, and the broken end bone is reset.

Description

Instrument for reduction of fracture broken end

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical instrument, concretely relates to is an apparatus for fracture broken end resets.

Background

Fracture refers to the continuous complete or partial breakdown of bone structure. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly seen in children and old people, and also occurs in middle and young people, patients often have fracture at one part, and a few patients have multiple fractures, after timely and proper treatment, most patients can recover the original functions, and the sequela with different degrees can be left in a few patients.

Reduction, fixation and functional exercise are three basic principles of fracture treatment. The reduction means that the broken ends are connected, the fracture repair can be smoothly carried out by reducing the fracture at the early stage in good position, the better the reduction is, the better the growth and the healing of the bone at the fracture part are facilitated, and the better the future function is.

For a patient with comminuted fracture of legs clinically, the two bones of the patient can form a vertically staggered state, so that the patient can be restored to the original position only by slightly pulling the patient apart during operation, and the traction bed or the resetting device in the prior art has the defects of complex operation, limited functions and the like.

The utility model provides an apparatus for fracture broken end reduction, aiming at the problems of complex operation, limited functions and other defects of a traction bed or a reduction device in the prior art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects of complex operation, limited functions and the like of a traction bed or a resetting device in the prior art, the utility model provides an instrument for resetting the broken end of the fracture.

An instrument for resetting a broken end of a fracture comprises a pair of movable external supports, a retracting device for controlling the external supports to move so as to retract a broken end bone, and bone screws for fixing on bones of a patient, and is characterized in that the external supports comprise 2 moving plates which oppositely move away from each other, and the 2 moving plates are combined and connected into a cuboid in an up-and-down matching manner; the retracting device is arranged at the upper end of the in-vitro bracket; the bone screw vertically penetrates through the movable plate; the bone screws and the retracting devices are respectively arranged on two vertical long-axis surfaces of the moving plate; the 2 moving plates are connected in a combined mode, the bone screws are connected with the moving plates in a combined mode, and the retracting device is connected with the external support in a combined mode; 2 bone screws are vertically screwed into bones on two sides of a fractured end of a patient respectively, the screws are combined and connected with moving plates on two sides respectively, the long axes of the moving plates are parallel to the long axes of tubular bones on two sides of the fracture respectively, then 1 Steiner pin is drilled into the Steiner pin holes on two ends of the moving plates respectively to maintain the moving plates to be parallel to the long axes of the tubular bones, the traction device is operated to drive the 2 moving plates to move in opposite directions, so that the bone screws on each moving plate are driven to move in opposite directions, the movement of the bone screws can drive the left end bone of the patient to move leftwards, and the right end bone to move rightwards, and the function of pulling apart the fractured.

Furthermore, the movable plate is arranged to be in a 'kitchen knife shape' with a rectangular main body, one end of the movable plate is a wide plate, the other end of the movable plate is a narrow plate, a transverse inverted L-shaped notch is formed between the wide plate and the narrow plate, and the transverse inverted L-shaped notches of the two movable plates are matched up and down.

Further, the length of the wide plate is equal to that of the narrow plate, the height of the narrow plate is 1/2 of the height of the wide plate, and the thickness of the wide plate is equal to that of the narrow plate; the wide plate and the narrow plate which are arranged in the proportion can ensure that 2 moving plates are exactly matched up and down to form a cuboid, so that the operation of pulling apart the broken end bone is convenient.

Furthermore, the front side face of the wide plate of the 2 moving plates, namely the outer side face of the long shaft positioned outside the patient body, is respectively provided with a circular bone screw through hole for accommodating the bone screw, the circular bone screw through hole vertically penetrates through the wide plate, the circular bone screw through hole is arranged at the inner side end of the wide plate, namely close to one end of the transverse inverted L-shaped notch, and the bone screw enters the circular bone screw through hole from the front side wall of the wide plate and vertically penetrates through the wide plate to enter a broken end bone.

Furthermore, 5 Stewart pin accommodating holes are respectively formed in the front side face of the wide plate of the 2 moving plates, the direction of each Stewart pin accommodating hole is the same as that of the circular bone screw through hole, the Stewart pin accommodating holes are formed in the outer side end of the wide plate, namely one end far away from the transverse inverted L-shaped notch, the Stewart pins can be placed into the Stewart pin accommodating holes through the Stewart pin accommodating holes, and the Stewart pin accommodating holes are spaced from the circular bone screw through holes to enable surgical operation to be convenient.

Furthermore, rectangular through grooves in the vertical direction are formed in the upper ends of the narrow plates of the 2 moving plates respectively, the rectangular through grooves in the 2 moving plates are communicated up and down, positioning screws used for connecting the 2 moving plates in a combined mode are arranged in the rectangular through grooves, and the positioning screws are vertically arranged in the rectangular through grooves from top to bottom; the 2 moving plates can be combined and connected through the positioning screws, but the positioning screws cannot block the moving of the moving plates, and the combined and connected moving plates can stably move in a reverse direction, so that broken end bones can be pulled away stably.

Furthermore, the positioning screw is set to be a T-shaped screw, a transverse rod at the upper end of the T-shaped screw is parallel to the short side of the rectangular through groove, and the length of a longitudinal rod of the T-shaped screw is greater than the depth of the rectangular through groove; a round bolt is arranged at the lower end of the T-shaped screw, and the diameter of the round bolt is larger than the length of the short edge of the rectangular through groove; the transverse rod of the T-shaped screw can be clamped at an opening at the upper end of the rectangular through groove, the T-shaped screw is prevented from sliding downwards, the T-shaped screw can be fixed and blocked by the round bolt, and the T-shaped screw is guaranteed to be stable in the rectangular through groove, so that stable connection of the moving plate is guaranteed.

Furthermore, the main body of the bone screw is cylindrical, the bone screw comprises a three-pointed head arranged at the upper end of the bone screw, scale marks arranged on the outer side wall of the bone screw, scale values corresponding to the scale marks, and a bone screw rotating structure arranged at the lower end of the bone screw; the three-pointed head is integrally connected with the bone screw; the three pointed ends at the upper end of the bone screw are sharp and can be inserted into bones of a patient, so that the broken end bones and the moving plate are in a relatively static state, the moving plate moves in a reverse direction, the broken end bones at the two ends can be driven to move in a reverse direction, the bone screw can be conveniently placed into the body of the patient through the arrangement of the rotating structure of the bone screw, and the depth of the bone screw placed into the body of the patient can be observed through a scale line or a scale value.

Further, the diameter of the bone screw is set to be 3-6mm, and the length of the bone screw is set to be 10-15 cm; this arrangement is sufficient to meet the requirements of clinical surgical treatment.

Further, the diameter of the bone screw is preferably set to 5mm, and the length of the bone screw is preferably set to 12 cm.

Further, the bone screw rotating structure comprises a connecting section arranged at the bottom of the bone screw and a rotating handle connected with the connecting section in a combined mode, and the connecting section is integrally connected with the bone screw; the arrangement can rotate the bone screw by rotating the rotary handle after the rotary handle is combined and connected with the connecting section, so that the bone screw can be placed in a patient body in a labor-saving manner.

Further, the connecting section is a solid hexagram connecting section, and the rotating handle is a T-shaped rotating handle which is matched with the hexagram connecting section and is internally provided with a hexagram cavity; the arrangement can quickly connect the hexagonal star-shaped connecting section with the T-shaped rotating handle in a combined manner, and the rotating mode is labor-saving and efficient, and is beneficial to reducing the operation time.

Further, a round threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the wide plate, and a bone screw fixing screw for fixing the bone screw is arranged in the round threaded hole; the round threaded hole is communicated with the round bone screw through hole, and one end of the bone screw fixing screw, which extends into the round threaded hole, is contacted with the bone screw; the arrangement can fix the position of the bone screw by extruding the bone screw through the bone screw fixing screw, so that the bone screw is prevented from shaking.

Furthermore, the retracting device comprises a guide rail arranged at the upper end of the movable plate, a connecting structure connected with the guide rail in a combined manner and a retracting rod connected with the connecting structure in a combined manner, wherein the connecting structure is arranged on the guide rail, and the retracting rod is arranged at the upper end of the connecting structure; the bottom of the guide rail is integrally connected with the movable plate; the movable plate and the retracting rod can be combined into a whole through the guide rail and the connecting structure, and the moving of the retracting rod can drive the movable plate to move oppositely and away from each other, so that the bone screws are driven to move oppositely and away from each other to pull apart the broken-end overlapped bones.

Furthermore, the guide rail is rectangular, semi-circular grooves are respectively arranged on the front side wall of the guide rail, namely the outer side surface of the long shaft positioned outside the body of the patient, and on the rear side wall of the guide rail, namely the inner side surface of the long shaft close to the inner side of the body of the patient, and a rectangular groove is arranged at the upper end of the guide rail; the length of the guide rail is 1/2 of the length of the moving plate; the semi-circular groove is convenient to arrange and connected with the connecting structure, and the rectangular groove can play a role in prompting the position of the connecting structure.

Furthermore, the connecting structure comprises a sliding block matched with the left side wall or the right side wall of the guide rail in shape, and an angle adjusting structure arranged at the upper end of the sliding block, the sliding block is combined and connected with the guide rail through a fixing structure, and the bottom of the angle adjusting structure is integrally connected with the sliding block; the position of the retracting device on the guide rail can be adjusted through the sliding block, and the angle of the retracting device is adjusted through the angle adjusting structure.

Furthermore, the left end and the right end of the guide rail are both provided with the connecting structure and the angle adjusting structure.

Further, the fixing structure comprises threaded holes arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the sliding block and sliding block fixing screws arranged in the threaded holes, the threaded holes extend into the front side wall or the rear side wall of the guide rail by 2-5mm from the front side wall or the rear side wall of the sliding block, and the sliding block fixing screws extend into the front side wall or the rear side wall of the guide rail from the threaded holes; the arrangement can firmly and fixedly connect the sliding block and the guide rail, and the installation or the disassembly is fast and convenient.

Or the fixed structure comprises lock catches arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the sliding block and locking bolts arranged at the upper ends of the guide rails, each rectangular groove is correspondingly provided with one locking bolt, and the lock catches are connected with the locking bolts in a combined mode; the arrangement can be used for stably connecting the sliding block and the guide rail by hanging the lock catch on the locking bolt.

Or the fixed structure comprises a U-shaped base, an included angle rotating plate arranged between vertical plates at two sides of the U-shaped base and an adjusting screw used for adjusting the position of the included angle rotating plate; the bottom of the U-shaped base is integrally connected with the upper end of the movable plate, the included angle rotating plate is combined and connected with the vertical plates on the two sides of the U-shaped base, and the adjusting screw is combined and connected with the included angle rotating plate; the position of the included angle rotating plate can be adjusted through the adjusting screw, and the outer side wall of the sliding block is inwards extruded by the inner side wall of the included angle rotating plate, so that the sliding block is fixed on the guide rail.

Furthermore, the included angle rotating plate comprises a transverse section, an inclined section which is integrally connected with the rear end of the transverse section and inclines backwards, and a longitudinal section which is connected with the upper end of the inclined section, wherein the outer side wall of the longitudinal section is in contact with the outer side wall of the sliding block; the arrangement can fix the sliding block on the guide rail by extruding the outer side wall of the sliding block.

Further, the included angle between the inclined section and the transverse section is set to be 100-120 degrees.

Furthermore, a threaded hole for accommodating the adjusting screw is formed in the transverse section, and the adjusting screw is connected with the included angle moving plate in a combined mode through the threaded hole.

Further, a circular smooth disc is arranged below the adjusting screw, and the diameter of the circular smooth disc is larger than that of the adjusting screw; the round smooth disc has small friction force and is convenient for the rotation of the adjusting screw.

Further, circular through holes are formed in the outer side walls of the vertical plates on the two sides of the U-shaped base and penetrate through the vertical plates on the two sides of the U-shaped base and the longitudinal sections of the included angle rotating plates; a rotating shaft is arranged in the circular through hole, and plugging plates are arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft; the included angle rotating plate can rotate by arranging the rotating shaft, so that the included angle rotating plate is adjusted to extrude the outer side wall of the sliding block.

Furthermore, the angle adjusting structure comprises a semi-spherical base and a semi-spherical rotating groove arranged on the semi-spherical base, the diameter of the semi-spherical rotating groove is larger than that of the semi-spherical base, the bottom of the semi-spherical base is integrally connected with the upper end of the sliding block, the semi-spherical rotating groove is combined and connected with the semi-spherical base, and the upper end of the semi-spherical rotating groove is integrally connected with the retracting device; the arrangement can ensure that the retracting device rotates on the semi-spherical base through the semi-spherical rotating groove to adjust the angle.

Furthermore, a threaded hole is formed in the side wall of the semi-spherical transition groove, an angle fixing screw is arranged in the threaded hole, and one end, extending into the threaded hole, of the angle fixing screw is in contact with the semi-spherical base; the angle between the semi-sphere-shaped rotating groove and the semi-sphere-shaped base can be fixed by the angle fixing screws, and the semi-sphere-shaped rotating groove is prevented from rotating after the angle is determined.

Furthermore, the retraction rod comprises a retraction screw, a retraction crank arranged at one end of the retraction screw and a support thread cylinder arranged at the periphery of the retraction screw, the support thread cylinder is arranged at one end close to the retraction crank, a support rod is arranged at the bottom of the support thread cylinder, the upper end of the support rod is integrally connected with the bottom of the support thread cylinder, and the bottom of the support rod is integrally connected with the upper end of the semi-circular groove; the supporting threaded cylinder can support the retracting screw.

Furthermore, the retracting screw rod comprises a transverse L-shaped rod and a transverse rod, wherein the transverse L-shaped rod is integrally connected with the upper end of the semi-spherical rotating groove at one end of the retracting screw rod, the transverse rod is provided with threads, one end of the transverse rod is connected with the transverse L-shaped rod in a combined mode, the other end of the transverse rod is integrally connected with the retracting crank, and the retracting screw rod can be guaranteed to rotate due to the arrangement.

Furthermore, a connecting shaft is arranged at one end of the transverse rod connected with the transverse L-shaped rod, an accommodating groove capable of accommodating the connecting shaft is formed in the transverse L-shaped rod, and the connecting shaft and the transverse rod are integrally connected.

Or the end of the transverse L-shaped rod connected with the transverse rod is provided with a connecting thread cylinder, the thread of the connecting thread cylinder is matched with the thread of the transverse rod, and the length of the connecting thread cylinder is 1/2 of the total length of the 2 moving plates.

When the device is used, firstly, the 2 moving plates are matched up and down, and then the positioning screws are placed in the rectangular through grooves to combine the 2 moving plates into a whole; secondly, fixing the sliding block on the guide rail through a fixing structure, and combining and connecting the semi-circular groove with the semi-circular base, so that the retracting screw rod and the moving plate are combined into a whole; and finally, the bone screws with the three pointed ends are placed into two ends of the broken end bones of the patient through the circular bone screw through holes in the movable plates, the traction crank is shaken to rotate the traction screw, the traction screw horizontally moves, and then 2 movable plates are caused to reversely move away from each other, so that the two ends of the broken end bones are driven to reversely move away from each other, and the function of pulling the broken end bones is realized.

Compared with the fracture distraction reductor in the prior art, the fracture distraction reductor has the beneficial effects that: can assemble fast, put into the both ends of patient's disconnected end bone through the bone screw that will be provided with the tricuspid head, then make the movable plate take place reverse phase and leave the removal through retracting the device to pull open disconnected end bone, make disconnected end bone reset, this technical scheme operation is swift, labour saving and time saving can improve work efficiency, shortens operation time, has certain spreading value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an apparatus for reduction of fractured ends of a fracture according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall front view cross-sectional structure of the apparatus for reduction of fracture end of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the device for reduction of fracture end of the present invention with a connecting threaded cylinder;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall front view cross-sectional structure of the device for reduction of fracture ends of the present invention with a connecting threaded barrel;

FIG. 5 is a left side view of the whole body of the apparatus for reduction of fracture end of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the joint between the slide block and the guide rail and the joint between the angle adjusting structure and the slide block of the instrument for reduction of fracture ends of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the entire top view of the apparatus for reduction of fractured ends of bone according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the device for reduction of fractured ends of bone according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an enlarged cross-sectional structure of the joint between the slide block and the guide rail and the joint between the angle adjusting structure and the slide block of the device for reduction of fractured ends of the fracture of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the retraction screw of the instrument for reduction of fractured ends of bone according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the joint between the slide block and the guide rail of the device for reduction of fractured ends of bone according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the connecting shaft of the instrument retracting screw for reduction of fracture end of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the fracture end reduction device of the present invention with a lock catch and a locking bolt;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the locking bolt and the locking latch of the fracture reduction instrument of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the instrument for reduction of fractured ends of bone according to the present invention, which is provided with a U-shaped base, an included angle fixing plate and an adjusting screw;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged schematic view of the U-shaped base, the included angle fixing plate and the adjusting screw of the instrument for reduction of fracture end of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the cross-section of the U-shaped base, the included angle fixing plate and the adjusting screw of the instrument for reduction of fracture end

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a bone screw and T-shaped rotary handle of an apparatus for reduction of fractured ends according to the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic overall structure view of the bone screw of an apparatus for reduction of fractured ends according to the present invention;

fig. 20 is an overall enlarged structural schematic view of the T-shaped rotating handle of the instrument for reduction of fracture ends of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a moving plate, 11, a circular bone screw through hole, 12, a Stewart pin accommodating hole, 13, a bone screw fixing screw, 14, a rectangular through groove, 141, a positioning screw, 15, a bone screw, 151, a three-point, 152, a scale mark, 153, a scale value, 154, a hexagon star-shaped connecting section, 155, a T-shaped rotating handle, 2, a guide rail, 21, a semi-circular groove, 22, a rectangular groove, 23, a semi-circular base, 3, a sliding block, 31, a sliding block fixing screw, 32, a lock catch, 321, a locking bolt, 33, a U-shaped base, 331, an included angle rotating plate, 3311, a transverse section, 3312, an inclined section, 3313, a longitudinal section, 332, an adjusting screw, 334, a circular smooth disc, a rotating shaft, 3341, a sealing plate, 4, a retracting screw rod, 41, a transverse rod, 42, a transverse L-shaped rod, 43, an accommodating groove, 431, 44, a connecting threaded cylinder, 45, a supporting threaded cylinder, a supporting rod, 46, a rocking handle, 471, 451, a semi-spherical retracting groove and an angle fixing angle.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the disclosure in the specification. The utility model discloses can also implement or use through other different concrete implementation manners, under the condition of conflict-free, the characteristics in following embodiment and the embodiment can make up each other, based on the embodiment in the utility model, all other embodiments that the ordinary skilled in the art obtained under the prerequisite of not making creative work all belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.

EXAMPLE 1 an apparatus for reduction of fractured ends of a fracture

An instrument for reducing fractured ends of a fracture comprises a pair of movable external supports, a retracting device for controlling the external supports to move so as to retract fractured ends, and bone screws 15 for fixing on bones of a patient, and is characterized in that the external supports comprise 2 moving plates 1 which move oppositely and oppositely, and the 2 moving plates 1 are matched and combined into a cuboid in an up-and-down matching way; the retracting device is arranged at the upper end of the in-vitro bracket; the bone screw 15 vertically penetrates through the moving plate 1; the bone screws 15 and the retracting device are respectively arranged on two vertical long axial surfaces of the moving plate 1; the 2 moving plates 1 are connected in a combined mode, the bone screws 15 are connected with the moving plates 1 in a combined mode, and the retracting device is connected with the external support in a combined mode; 2 bone screws 15 are vertically screwed into bones on two sides of a fractured end of a patient respectively, the screws are combined and connected with moving plates 1 on two sides respectively, the long axis of each moving plate 1 is parallel to the long axis of a tubular bone on two sides of the fracture, then 1 Steiner pin is drilled into the Steiner pin holes on two ends of each moving plate 1 to maintain the moving plates 1 to be parallel to the long axis of the tubular bone, a traction device is operated to drive 2 moving plates 1 to carry out reverse phase-to-phase movement, so that the bone screws 15 on each moving plate 1 are driven to move reversely, the movement of the bone screws 15 can drive the left end bone of the patient to move leftwards, the right end bone of the patient to move rightwards, and the function of pulling.

The movable plate 1 is arranged to be in a 'kitchen knife shape' with a rectangular main body, one end of the movable plate 1 is a wide plate, the other end of the movable plate 1 is a narrow plate, a transverse inverted L-shaped notch is formed between the wide plate and the narrow plate, and the transverse inverted L-shaped notches of the two movable plates 1 are matched up and down.

The length of the wide plate is equal to that of the narrow plate, the height of the narrow plate is 1/2 of the height of the wide plate, the thickness of the wide plate is equal to that of the narrow plate, the wide plate and the narrow plate arranged in the proportion can enable the 2 moving plates 1 to be exactly matched up and down, and are combined into a cuboid, so that the operation of pulling off broken end bones is convenient to carry out, circular bone screw through holes 11 for containing the bone screws 15 are respectively arranged on the front side surfaces of the wide plates of the 2 moving plates 1, namely the outer side surfaces of long shafts positioned outside a patient body, the circular bone screw through holes 11 vertically penetrate through the wide plate, the circular bone screw through holes 11 are arranged at the inner side ends of the wide plate, namely one ends of transverse inverted L-shaped gaps, the bone screws 15 enter the circular bone screw through holes 11 from the front side.

The front side surfaces of the wide plates of the 2 moving plates 1 are respectively provided with 5 Stewart pin accommodating holes 12, the directions of the Stewart pin accommodating holes 12 are the same as the direction of the circular bone screw through hole 11, the Stewart pin accommodating holes 12 are arranged at the outer side end of the wide plates, namely, the end far away from the transverse inverted L-shaped notch, and the arrangement can ensure that the Stewart pin accommodating holes 12 have a certain distance with the circular bone screw through hole 11, thereby being convenient for surgical operation.

The upper ends of the narrow plates of the 2 moving plates 1 are respectively provided with a rectangular through groove 14 in the vertical direction, the rectangular through grooves 14 on the 2 moving plates 1 are communicated up and down, a positioning screw 141 for combining and connecting the 2 moving plates 1 is arranged in the rectangular through groove 14, and the positioning screw 141 is vertically arranged in the rectangular through groove 14 from top to bottom; in this arrangement, the 2 moving plates 1 can be combined and connected by the set screws 141, but the set screws 141 do not obstruct the movement of the moving plates 1, and the combined and connected moving plates 1 can stably perform reverse phase-separated movement, thereby smoothly pulling apart the fractured bones.

The main body of the bone screw 15 is cylindrical, the bone screw 15 comprises a three-pointed head 151 arranged at the upper end of the bone screw 15, scale marks 152 arranged on the outer side wall of the bone screw 15, scale values 153 corresponding to the scale marks 152, and a bone screw rotating structure arranged at the lower end of the bone screw 15; the tri-prong 151 is integrally connected with the bone screw 15; the three-pointed head 151 at the upper end of the bone screw 15 is sharp and can be inserted into the bone of a patient, so that the broken end bone and the moving plate 1 are in a relatively static state, the moving plate 1 moves oppositely and away to drive the broken end bones at the two ends to move oppositely and away, the bone screw 15 can be conveniently placed into the body of the patient through the setting of the rotating structure of the bone screw, and in addition, the depth of the bone screw 15 placed into the body of the patient can be observed through the scale mark 152 or the scale value 153.

The diameter of the bone screw 15 is set to be 5mm, and the length of the bone screw 15 is set to be 12 cm; this arrangement is sufficient to meet the requirements of clinical surgical treatment.

The bone screw rotating structure comprises a connecting section arranged at the bottom of the bone screw 15 and a rotating handle connected with the connecting section in a combined mode, wherein the connecting section is integrally connected with the bone screw 15; the arrangement can rotate the bone screw 15 by rotating the rotary handle after the rotary handle is combined and connected with the connecting section, and the bone screw 15 can be placed in a patient body in a labor-saving manner.

A round threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the wide plate, and a bone screw fixing screw 13 for fixing the bone screw 15 is arranged in the round threaded hole; the round threaded hole is communicated with the round bone screw through hole 11, and one end of the bone screw fixing screw 13 extending into the round threaded hole is contacted with the bone screw 15; this arrangement can fix the position of the bone screw 15 by the bone screw fixing screw 13, and prevent the bone screw 15 from shaking.

The retracting device comprises a guide rail 2 arranged at the upper end of the movable plate 1, a connecting structure connected with the guide rail 2 in a combined manner and a retracting rod connected with the connecting structure in a combined manner, wherein the connecting structure is arranged on the guide rail 2, and the retracting rod is arranged at the upper end of the connecting structure; the bottom of the guide rail 2 is integrally connected with the moving plate 1; the movable plate 1 and the retraction rod can be combined into a whole through the guide rail 2 and the connecting structure, and the movement of the retraction rod can drive the movable plate 1 to move in a reverse direction, so that the bone screws 15 are driven to move in a reverse direction to pull apart the overlapped bones at the broken ends.

The guide rail 2 is rectangular, semi-circular grooves 21 are respectively arranged on the front side wall, namely the outer side surface of the long shaft positioned outside the body of the patient, and the rear side wall, namely the inner side surface of the long shaft close to the inner side of the body of the patient, of the guide rail 2, and a rectangular groove 22 is arranged at the upper end of the guide rail 2; the length of the guide rail 2 is 1/2 of the length of the moving plate 1; the semi-circular groove 21 is convenient to arrange and connected with the connecting structure, and the rectangular groove 22 can play a role in prompting the position of the connecting structure.

The connecting structure comprises a sliding block 3 matched with the left side wall or the right side wall of the guide rail 2 in shape and an angle adjusting structure arranged at the upper end of the sliding block 3, the sliding block 3 is combined and connected with the guide rail 2 through a fixing structure, and the bottom of the angle adjusting structure is integrally connected with the sliding block 3; the position of the retracting device on the guide rail 2 can be adjusted through the sliding block 3, and the angle of the retracting device is adjusted through the angle adjusting structure.

The left end and the right end of the guide rail 2 are both provided with the connecting structure and the angle adjusting structure.

The fixing structure comprises threaded holes arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the sliding block 3 and sliding block fixing screws 31 arranged in the threaded holes, the threaded holes extend into the front side wall or the rear side wall of the guide rail 2 for 5mm from the front side wall or the rear side wall of the sliding block 3, and the sliding block fixing screws 31 extend into the front side wall or the rear side wall of the guide rail 2 from the threaded holes; the arrangement can firmly and fixedly combine and connect the sliding block 3 and the guide rail 2, and the installation or the disassembly is fast and convenient.

The angle adjusting structure comprises a semi-spherical base 23 and a semi-spherical rotating groove 47 arranged on the semi-spherical base 23, the diameter of the semi-spherical rotating groove 47 is larger than that of the semi-spherical base 23, the bottom of the semi-spherical base 23 is integrally connected with the upper end of the sliding block 3, the semi-spherical rotating groove 47 is combined and connected with the semi-spherical base 23, and the upper end of the semi-spherical rotating groove 47 is integrally connected with the retracting device; this arrangement allows the retractor to be angularly adjusted by rotating the second hemispherical rotating slot 47 on the second hemispherical base 23.

A threaded hole is formed in the side wall of the semi-spherical transition groove 47, an angle fixing screw 471 is arranged in the threaded hole, and one end, extending into the threaded hole, of the angle fixing screw 471 is in contact with the semi-spherical transition base 23; the angle between the semi-spherical rotating groove 47 and the semi-spherical base 23 can be fixed by the angle fixing screws 471, and the semi-spherical rotating groove 47 can be prevented from rotating again after the angle is determined.

The retracting rod comprises a retracting screw rod 4, a retracting crank 46 arranged at one end of the retracting screw rod 4 and a supporting thread cylinder 45 arranged on the periphery of the retracting screw rod 4, the supporting thread cylinder 45 is arranged at one end close to the retracting crank 46, a supporting rod 451 is arranged at the bottom of the supporting thread cylinder 45, the upper end of the supporting rod 451 is integrally connected with the bottom of the supporting thread cylinder 45, and the bottom of the supporting rod 451 is integrally connected with the upper end of the semicircular groove 21; the arrangement of the supporting threaded cylinder 45 can support the retracting screw rod 4.

The retracting screw rod 4 comprises a transverse L-shaped rod 42 and a transverse rod 41, wherein the transverse L-shaped rod 42 is integrally connected with the upper end of the semi-spherical rotating groove 47 at one end of the retracting screw rod, the transverse rod 41 is provided with threads, one end of the transverse rod 41 is connected with the transverse L-shaped rod 42 in a combined mode, the other end of the transverse rod is integrally connected with the retracting crank 46, and the retracting screw rod 4 can be guaranteed to rotate due to the arrangement.

A connecting shaft 431 is arranged at one end of the transverse rod 41 connected with the transverse L-shaped rod 42, an accommodating groove 43 capable of accommodating the connecting shaft 431 is arranged on the transverse L-shaped rod 42, and the connecting shaft 431 is integrally connected with the transverse rod 41, so that when the retracting crank 46 is rotated, the connecting shaft 431 of the transverse rod 41 rotates in the accommodating groove 43, the retracting screw rod 4 is ensured to rotate smoothly, and the moving plate 1 is driven to move reversely and away from each other.

EXAMPLE 2 an apparatus for reduction of fractured ends of a fracture

The following technical characteristics are added on the basis of the embodiment 1:

the positioning screw 141 is a T-shaped screw, the transverse rod 41 at the upper end of the T-shaped screw is parallel to the short side of the rectangular through groove 14, and the length of the longitudinal rod of the T-shaped screw is greater than the depth of the rectangular through groove 14; a round bolt is arranged at the lower end of the T-shaped screw, and the diameter of the round bolt is larger than the length of the short side of the rectangular through groove 14; the transverse rod 41 of the T-shaped screw can be clamped at the opening at the upper end of the rectangular through groove 14 to prevent the T-shaped screw from sliding downwards, the T-shaped screw can be fixed and blocked by the round bolt, and the T-shaped screw is ensured to be stabilized in the rectangular through groove 14, so that the stable connection of the moving plate 1 is ensured.

The connecting section is a solid hexagram connecting section 154, and the rotating handle is a T-shaped rotating handle 155 which is matched with the hexagram connecting section 154 and is provided with a hexagram cavity inside; the arrangement can quickly combine and connect the hexagram-shaped connecting section 154 with the T-shaped rotating handle 155, and the rotating mode is labor-saving and efficient, and is beneficial to reducing the operation time.

The addition of the technical characteristics has the following beneficial effects: the T-shaped screws are convenient to install on one hand, and the transverse rods 41 at the upper ends and the round bolts at the bottoms can ensure that the T-shaped screws are fixed in the rectangular through grooves 14 and the stable connection of the 2 moving plates 1 is ensured on the other hand; the hexagonal star-shaped connecting section 154 and the T-shaped rotating handle 155 provided with the hexagonal star-shaped cavity can be well combined and connected, and the T-shaped rotating handle 155 is convenient to operate, so that the bone screws 15 can be efficiently screwed into bones on two sides of the fractured end of the patient.

The fixing structure of embodiment 1 may also be provided as the following embodiment:

the fixing structure comprises lock catches 32 arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the sliding block 3 and locking bolts 321 arranged at the upper ends of the guide rails 2, one locking bolt 321 is correspondingly arranged in each rectangular groove 22, and the lock catches 32 are connected with the locking bolts 321 in a combined mode; the arrangement can stably connect the slider 3 and the guide rail 2 by hanging the lock 32 on the locking bolt 321, and the whole operation process of fixing the lock 32 on the locking bolt 321 is simple and quick, and time is saved.

EXAMPLE 3 an apparatus for reduction of fractured ends of a fracture

The fixing structure comprises a U-shaped base 33, an included angle rotating plate 331 arranged between vertical plates at two sides of the U-shaped base 33 and an adjusting screw 332 for adjusting the position of the included angle rotating plate 331; the bottom of the U-shaped base 33 is integrally connected with the upper end of the movable plate 1, the included angle rotating plate 331 is connected with the vertical plates at two sides of the U-shaped base 33 in a combined mode, and the adjusting screw 332 is connected with the included angle rotating plate 331 in a combined mode; the position of the included angle rotating plate 331 can be adjusted by the adjusting screw 332, and the outer side wall of the sliding block 3 is inwards extruded by the inner side wall of the included angle rotating plate 331, so that the sliding block 3 is fixed on the guide rail 2.

The included angle rotating plate 331 includes a horizontal section 3311, a backward inclined section 3312 integrally connected to the rear end of the horizontal section 3311, and a longitudinal section 3313 connected to the upper end of the inclined section 3312, the outer sidewall of the longitudinal section 3313 contacting the outer sidewall of the slider 3; the arrangement can fix the sliding block 3 on the guide rail 2 by extruding the outer side wall of the sliding block 3.

The angle between the inclined section 3312 and the transverse section 3311 is set to 110 °.

A threaded hole for accommodating the adjusting screw 332 is formed in the transverse section 3311, and the adjusting screw 332 is connected with the included angle moving plate 1 in a combined manner through the threaded hole.

A circular smooth disc 333 is arranged below the adjusting screw 332, and the diameter of the circular smooth disc 333 is larger than that of the adjusting screw 332; the round smooth disc 333 has small friction force and is convenient for the adjusting screw 332 to rotate.

The outer side walls of the vertical plates on the two sides of the U-shaped base 33 are provided with circular through holes, and the circular through holes penetrate through the vertical plates on the two sides of the U-shaped base 33 and the longitudinal sections 3313 of the included angle rotating plates 331; a rotating shaft 334 is arranged in the circular through hole, and two ends of the rotating shaft 334 are provided with plugging plates 3341; the included angle rotating plate 331 can rotate by setting the rotating shaft 334, so that the included angle rotating plate 331 is adjusted to extrude the outer side wall of the sliding block 3.

The end, connected with the transverse rod 41, of the transverse L-shaped rod 42 is provided with a connecting threaded cylinder 44, the threads of the connecting threaded cylinder 44 are matched with the threads of the transverse rod 41, and the length of the connecting threaded cylinder 44 is 1/2 of the total length of the 2 moving plates 1.

EXAMPLE 4 an apparatus for reduction of fractured ends of a fracture

An instrument for reducing fractured ends of bone is composed of a pair of movable external frames, a retracting unit for controlling said external frames to move for retracting fractured ends, and bone screws for fixing to patient's bone

15, the in vitro support comprises 2 moving plates 1 moving in opposite directions, and the 2 moving plates 1 are combined and connected into a cuboid in an up-and-down matching manner; the retracting device is arranged at the upper end of the in-vitro bracket; the bone screw 15 vertically penetrates through the moving plate 1; the bone screws 15 and the retracting device are respectively arranged on two vertical long axial surfaces of the moving plate 1; the 2 moving plates 1 are connected in a combined mode, the bone screws 15 are connected with the moving plates 1 in a combined mode, and the retracting device is connected with the external support in a combined mode; 2 bone screws 15 are vertically screwed into bones on two sides of a fractured end of a patient respectively, the screws are combined and connected with moving plates 1 on two sides respectively, the long axis of each moving plate 1 is parallel to the long axis of a tubular bone on two sides of the fracture, then 1 Steiner pin is drilled into the Steiner pin holes on two ends of each moving plate 1 to maintain the moving plates 1 to be parallel to the long axis of the tubular bone, a traction device is operated to drive 2 moving plates 1 to carry out reverse phase-to-phase movement, so that the bone screws 15 on each moving plate 1 are driven to move reversely, the movement of the bone screws 15 can drive the left end bone of the patient to move leftwards, the right end bone of the patient to move rightwards, and the function of pulling.

The length of the wide plate is equal to that of the narrow plate, the height of the narrow plate is 1/2 of the height of the wide plate, and the thickness of the wide plate is equal to that of the narrow plate; the wide plate and the narrow plate which are arranged in the proportion can ensure that the 2 moving plates 1 are exactly matched up and down to form a cuboid, so that the operation of pulling apart the broken end bone is convenient.

The front side of the wide plate of the 2 moving plates 1, namely the outer side of the long shaft outside the patient body, is respectively provided with a circular bone screw through hole 11 for accommodating the bone screw 15, the circular bone screw through hole 11 vertically penetrates through the wide plate, the circular bone screw through hole 11 is arranged at the inner side end of the wide plate, namely close to one end of the transverse inverted L-shaped gap, the bone screw 15 enters the circular bone screw through hole 11 from the front side wall of the wide plate, and vertically penetrates through the wide plate to enter a broken end bone.

The diameter of the bone screw 15 is set to be 3-6mm, and the length of the bone screw 15 is set to be 10-15 cm; this arrangement is sufficient to meet the requirements of clinical surgical treatment.

The above description of the embodiments is only intended to illustrate the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several modifications can be made to the present invention, and these modifications will fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An instrument for reducing fractured ends of fractures comprises a pair of movable external supports, a retracting device for controlling the external supports to move so as to retract fractured ends, and bone screws (15) for fixing on bones of a patient, and is characterized in that the external supports comprise 2 moving plates (1) which move oppositely and oppositely, and the 2 moving plates (1) are combined and connected into a cuboid in an up-and-down inosculation manner; the retracting device is arranged at the upper end of the in-vitro bracket; the bone screw (15) vertically penetrates through the moving plate (1); the bone screws (15) and the retracting devices are respectively arranged on two vertical long-axis surfaces of the moving plate (1); the 2 moving plates (1) are connected in a combined mode, the bone screws (15) are connected with the moving plates (1) in a combined mode, and the retracting device is connected with the external support in a combined mode.

2. The instrument for reducing the broken ends of bone fractures according to claim 1, wherein the movable plate (1) is arranged to be in a shape of a kitchen knife with a rectangular main body, one end of the movable plate (1) is a wide plate, the other end of the movable plate is a narrow plate, a transverse inverted L-shaped gap is formed between the wide plate and the narrow plate, the transverse inverted L-shaped gaps of the two movable plates (1) are matched up and down, a circular bone screw through hole (11) for accommodating the bone screw (15) is respectively arranged on the front side surfaces of the wide plates of the 2 movable plates (1), namely the outer side surface of a long shaft positioned outside a patient body, the circular bone screw through hole (11) vertically penetrates through the wide plates, the circular bone screw through hole (11) is arranged on the inner side end of the wide plates, namely one end close to the transverse inverted L-shaped gap, and the bone screw (15) enters the circular bone screw through hole (11) from the front side walls of the wide.

3. The instrument for reduction of fractured bones according to claim 2, wherein 5 Stewart receiving holes (12) are respectively arranged on the front side of the wide plate of the 2 moving plates (1), the direction of the Stewart receiving holes (12) is the same as that of the circular bone screw through hole (11), and the Stewart receiving holes (12) are arranged at the outer side end of the wide plate, namely the end far away from the transverse reversed L-shaped notch.

4. The apparatus for reducing fractured ends of bone according to claim 2, wherein a rectangular through groove (14) in the vertical direction is respectively formed at the upper ends of the narrow plates of the 2 moving plates (1), the rectangular through grooves (14) on the 2 moving plates (1) are communicated up and down, a positioning screw (141) for combining and connecting the 2 moving plates (1) is arranged in the rectangular through groove (14), and the positioning screw (141) is vertically arranged in the rectangular through groove (14) from top to bottom.

5. The apparatus for reduction of fractured fragments according to claim 1, wherein the main body of the bone screw (15) is configured to be cylindrical, the bone screw (15) comprises a three-pointed head (151) disposed at the upper end of the bone screw (15), graduation lines (152) disposed on the outer side wall of the bone screw (15) and graduation values (153) corresponding to the graduation lines (152), and a bone screw rotating structure disposed at the lower end of the bone screw (15); the tri-cusp (151) is integrally connected with the bone screw (15).

6. The instrument for reducing fractured ends of bone according to claim 1, wherein the retracting device comprises a guide rail (2) arranged at the upper end of the moving plate (1), a connecting structure combined and connected with the guide rail (2) and a retracting rod combined and connected with the connecting structure, the connecting structure is arranged on the guide rail (2), and the retracting rod is arranged at the upper end of the connecting structure; the bottom of the guide rail (2) is integrally connected with the moving plate (1); the guide rail (2) is cuboid, semi-circular grooves (21) are respectively arranged on the front side wall, namely the outer side surface of the long shaft positioned outside the body of the patient, and the rear side wall, namely the inner side surface of the long shaft close to the inner side of the body of the patient of the guide rail (2), and rectangular grooves are arranged at the upper end of the guide rail (2); the length of the guide rail (2) is 1/2 of the length of the moving plate (1).

7. The apparatus for reducing fractured ends of bone according to claim 6, wherein the connecting structure comprises a sliding block (3) matched with the shape of the left side wall or the right side wall of the guide rail (2), and an angle adjusting structure arranged at the upper end of the sliding block (3), the sliding block (3) is combined and connected with the guide rail (2) through a fixing structure, and the bottom of the angle adjusting structure is integrally connected with the sliding block (3).

8. The apparatus for reducing fractured ends of bone according to claim 7, wherein the fixing structure comprises a U-shaped base (33), an included angle rotating plate (331) arranged between vertical plates at two sides of the U-shaped base (33) and an adjusting screw (332) for adjusting the position of the included angle rotating plate (331); the bottom of the U-shaped base (33) is integrally connected with the upper end of the movable plate (1), the included angle rotating plate (331) is connected with the vertical plates on two sides of the U-shaped base (33) in a combined mode, and the adjusting screw (332) is connected with the included angle rotating plate (331) in a combined mode.

9. The apparatus for reducing fracture ends according to claim 7, wherein the angle adjusting structure comprises a semi-spherical base (23) and a semi-spherical rotating groove (47) arranged on the semi-spherical base (23), the diameter of the semi-spherical rotating groove (47) is larger than that of the semi-spherical base (23), the bottom of the semi-spherical base (23) is integrally connected with the upper end of the sliding block (3), the semi-spherical rotating groove (47) is combined and connected with the semi-spherical base (23), and the upper end of the semi-spherical rotating groove (47) is integrally connected with the retracting device.

10. The instrument for reducing the fractured ends of the bone as claimed in claim 6, wherein the retraction rod comprises a retraction screw (4), a retraction crank (46) arranged at one end of the retraction screw (4), and a support threaded cylinder (45) arranged at the periphery of the retraction screw (4), the support threaded cylinder (45) is arranged at one end close to the retraction crank (46), a support rod (451) is arranged at the bottom of the support threaded cylinder (45), the upper end of the support rod (451) is integrally connected with the bottom of the support threaded cylinder (45), and the bottom of the support rod (451) is integrally connected with the upper end of the semi-circular groove (21).