CN211112953U - A small equipment for cleaning stone ballast under railway sleepers - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small equipment for cleaning stone ballast under railway sleepers, which comprises a car body, a horizontal moving device, a lifting device, a steering device and a ballast cleaning device; the equipment of the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong versatility, and easy operation It is convenient and easy to popularize. It can clean the stone ballast under the railway main line and complex turnout sleepers. When carrying out the ballast cleaning operation, multiple equipments can be used together, which can greatly reduce the labor intensity of railway workers and improve the efficiency of manual ballast cleaning.

Description

A small equipment for cleaning stone ballast under railway sleepers

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of railway design and manufacture, in particular to a small equipment suitable for cleaning the main railway line and the stone ballast under the sleepers of the turnout.

Background technique

The track bed is a ballast (stone ballast) cushion laid on the subgrade surface. Its main function is to support the sleepers, maintain the position of the sleepers, prevent the sleepers from moving longitudinally or laterally, transmit the pressure on the upper part of the sleepers evenly to the roadbed, and remove ground rainwater. , so that the track has sufficient elasticity to ease the impact of the rolling stock on the rail. The soil brought into the track bed due to wind blowing and water flushing, or the crushed powder of the ballast often fills the gap of the track bed, which makes the track bed form an impermeable layer, and the drainage is not smooth, which eventually leads to the hardening of the track bed, the decrease of elasticity, and the poor shock absorption effect. This affects driving safety. Therefore, railway workers need to replace the ballast under the track regularly.

At present, there are two main ways to clean the railway screen in my country. One is to use a large-scale railway screen cleaner to cooperate with railway workers to clean the screen, and the other is to manually clean the screen. Although the large-scale railway screen cleaning machine has high cleaning efficiency and strong mobility, it is expensive and has a low penetration rate. At this stage, many railway sections (especially switch sections) in my country are still mainly cleaned manually. Due to the limited space for ballast cleaning, the current difficulty in manual ballast cleaning is that it is difficult to clean the ballast under the sleepers with the existing equipment (shovels, hoes). High intensity and labor-intensive.

Some patents and products have also been published in this field at home and abroad, but there are certain limitations when used for railway ballast cleaning operations. A full-section excavation screen cleaning machine disclosed in Chinese Patent Bulletin No. CN201785685U can clean the main line and the stone ballast under the sleeper of the turnout, but the bottom beam needs to be widened from time to time to clean the stone ballast under the turnout, and the stone ballast under the sleeper of the composite turnout cannot be cleaned, It is a large-scale cleaning machine, which is expensive. China Patent Bulletin No. CN108930204A discloses a railway ballast cleaning machine for cleaning the stone ballast under the turnout without widening the bottom beam, but also cannot clean the stone ballast under the sleeper of the composite turnout, and it is a large-scale cleaning machine, which is expensive and requires Regular maintenance, manual operation is inconvenient. At present, the domestic ballast cleaning machine is to clean the ballast from under the sleeper and then perform screening and backfilling.

Utility model content

In view of these problems existing in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a small railway ballast cleaning equipment, which is suitable for the working environment with narrow space, cooperates with auxiliary personnel to work, and can clean the railway main line and the stone ballast under various turnouts and sleepers , simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly, easy to transport, convenient for railway workers to use.

The utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A small equipment for cleaning stone ballast under railway sleepers, comprising a car body, a horizontal moving device, a lifting device, a steering device and a ballast cleaning device;

The car body includes a frame and a wheelset, the frame is fixed on the wheelset, and the wheelset moves on the railway rail;

The horizontal moving device includes a guide rail, a slider, a limit block and a support plate. There are two guide rails. The two guide rails are parallel and both are perpendicular to the steel rail. The guide rail is fixed on the frame, and each guide rail is slidably connected with at least one slide The two ends of the guide rail are provided with limit blocks to prevent the slider from falling off, the support plate is connected to the top of the slider of the two guide rails, and the support plate is located between the two guide rails;

The lifting device includes a column, a rotating support base, a column end cover, a lift base, a three-phase asynchronous motor, a coupling 1 and a worm gear screw lift; the bottom end of the column is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the lift base is slidingly sleeved on the column. The top of the column is connected to the end cover of the column, and the end cover of the column is connected to the base of the lift. The three-phase asynchronous motor and the worm gear screw lift are fixed on the base of the lift. The output shaft of the three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to the turbine screw lift through the coupling one. The input shaft of the screw lifter is connected with the input shaft, the screw of the turbine screw elevator is parallel to the column, and the lower end of the screw is threadedly connected with the rotating support seat, and a limit block is provided at one end of the screw under the rotating support seat;

The steering device includes a bogie and a rotating support bearing. The outer ring of the rotating support bearing is connected with the rotating support seat, and the inner ring of the rotating support bearing is connected with the flange of the reducer of the ballast cleaning device. on the orchid plate;

The ballast cleaning device includes a motor, a reducer, a second coupling, a transmission shaft and a ballast cleaning mechanism; the motor is connected to the reducer, the reducer is connected to the transmission shaft through the second coupling, and the other end of the transmission shaft rotates to connect the driving chain of the ballast cleaning mechanism. The ballast cleaning mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, a chain and a rake claws. The driving sprocket is connected with the driven sprocket through the chain, and the rake claws are installed on the chain.

Further, the vehicle body also includes a crankshaft, a bearing seat, a bearing and a frame connector, the wheelset includes two groups, each group of wheelsets includes two wheels, and the two wheels are respectively press-fitted on both ends of the crankshaft, located in the wheel. The bearing is located in the bearing seat, the frame connecting piece is fixed on the bearing seat, the frame connecting piece is perpendicular to the axle, and the frame connecting piece is tightly connected with the bottom surface of the frame.

Further, the steering device also includes a locking mechanism, the locking mechanism includes a locking seat, a connecting rod and a cylindrical pin, the locking seat is fixedly connected to the rotating support seat, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the locking seat, and the other end is provided with a supply. The threaded hole through which the cylindrical pin passes, the threaded hole is matched with the threaded hole on the bogie, and the locking seat, the connecting rod and the bogie are fixedly connected by inserting the cylindrical pin into the threaded hole of the connecting rod and the bogie.

Further, the ballast cleaning mechanism also includes a supporting wheel, the driving chain wheel is connected with the driven chain wheel and the supporting wheel through a chain, and the supporting wheel is located between the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel.

Preferably, the chain is a roller chain.

Further, the ballast cleaning device also includes a cutter plate, and the driven sprocket and the supporting wheel are mounted on the cutter plate.

Further, the ballast cleaning device also includes a coupling protective sleeve and a transmission shaft protective sleeve. The upper end of the coupling protective sleeve is fixed on the flange of the reducer, and the lower end of the coupling protective sleeve is connected to the transmission shaft protective sleeve. In the coupling protection sleeve, the transmission shaft is located in the transmission shaft protection sleeve, and the lower end of the transmission shaft protection sleeve is fixedly connected with the blade.

The beneficial effects of the present utility model:

1. The utility model is a small equipment for cleaning the stone ballast under the railway sleepers, which has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to operate. It adopts electrified equipment and is easy to realize industrialization. Difficult to clean up.

2. The large-scale turnout cleaning machine is expensive, and currently it can only solve the problem of ballast cleaning for single-turn turnouts or three-way turnouts. There are many double-turn turnouts in my country, which need to be cleaned manually. The small ballast cleaning equipment of the utility model has universality, both It can clean the stone ballast under the sleepers of the main railway line, and at the same time, it can clean the stone ballast under the sleepers of various complicated turnouts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the front view structure of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the left side view structure of the present utility model;

Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of two places in Fig. 4

Fig. 6 is the top view structure of the present utility model;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a ballast cleaning mechanism.

Detailed ways

The small railway ballast cleaning equipment of the utility model is very suitable for the "open skylight" mode in the cleaning of railway track beds in my country. First, railway workers use shovels to clean up the stone ballast between the sleepers and under the sleepers on both sides of the rail. Since this part of the stone ballast bears little railway pressure, it is seldom compacted, and the space is not limited for easy cleaning. Then, according to the required cleaning distance, put several of the small ballast cleaning equipment on the rails for ballast cleaning operation.

The power source of the small ballast cleaning equipment of the utility model can be obtained in two ways. One way is to connect the power distribution vehicle in the process of railway screen cleaning operation to obtain electric power, and the other way is to obtain the electric power from the frame of each small ballast cleaning equipment. 11 to install a small diesel generator.

The utility model relates to a vehicle body 1, a horizontal moving device 2, a lifting device 3, a steering device 4, a ballast cleaning device 5, a steel rail 6, a sleeper 7, and the like. The small ballast cleaning equipment of the utility model is completed by the cooperation of two railway workers, wherein the first worker pushes the ballast cleaning device to move slowly along the rail 6 intermittently, and the second worker rotates the bogie 41 to complete the ballast cleaning operation together. When the ballast between the sleepers 7 has been cleaned, the first worker pushes the handrail on the frame 11 forward and the second worker rotates the bogie 41 so that the ballast cleaning mechanism 59 can be located between the two sleepers 7 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the utility model includes a vehicle body 1 , a horizontal moving device 2 , a lifting device 3 , a steering device 4 , a ballast cleaning device 5 , a rail 6 and a sleeper 7 .

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , the vehicle body 1 of the present invention adopts a simple rail flat vehicle structure, including a vehicle frame 11 , a wheelset 12 , a crankshaft 13 , a bearing seat 14 , a bearing 15 and a frame connecting piece 16 . A set of wheelsets includes two wheels, which are press-fitted on both ends of the crankshaft respectively. Bearings are rotatably connected to the crankshaft on the outside of the wheelset. The bearings are located in the bearing seat. The frame connector is perpendicular to the axle, and the frame connector is fastened to the bottom surface of the frame by means of screws, bolts, etc.

The bearing seat 14 includes an upper bearing seat, a lower bearing seat and a bearing cover, the upper bearing seat and the bearing seat are connected by bolts, the upper bearing seat and the lower bearing seat are connected by bolts, and the bearing cover is fixedly installed between the upper bearing seat and the lower bearing seat by screws. between.

The utility model walks and turns on the steel rail 6 through two sets of wheels, wherein the frame 11 is provided with handrails, and cooperates with manual assistance to push the small ballast cleaning equipment to walk on the steel rail 6 .

As shown in FIGS. 2 , 4-6 , the horizontal moving device 2 includes a guide rail 21 , a sliding block 22 , a limit block 23 and a support plate 24 . There are two guide rails 21. The two guide rails are parallel and perpendicular to the rails. The guide rails are fixed on the frame 11 by screws. Each guide rail is slidably connected with at least one slider 22. For the limit block that the block falls off, the top ends of the sliders of the two guide rails are connected to the support plate 24 by screws, and the support plate is located between the two guide rails. The support plate 24 is fixedly connected to support the lifting device 3 , the steering device 4 and the ballast cleaning device 5 .

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 , the lifting device 3 includes a column 31 , a rotating support base 32 , a column end cover 33 , a lift base 34 , a three-phase asynchronous motor 35 , a coupling 36 and a worm gear screw lift 37 . The bottom end of the column 31 is fixedly connected to the support plate 24, the lift base is slidably sleeved on the column, the top of the column is connected to the column end cover 33, and the column end cover is connected to the lift base 34, the three-phase asynchronous motor 35 and the worm gear screw lift 37 Both are fixed on the elevator base 34, and the elevator base 34 plays a supporting role for the three-phase asynchronous motor 35 and the turbine screw lift 37. The output shaft of the three-phase asynchronous motor 35 is connected to the turbine screw lift 37 through the coupling one 36. The screw of the turbine screw lifter is parallel to the column, and the lower end of the screw is threadedly connected with the rotating support base 32, and one end of the screw under the rotating support base 32 is provided with a limit block to prevent the screw from disengaging and rotating The connection of the support base 32.

The rotating support base 32 is provided with a threaded hole, and the lead screw on the worm gear screw lift 37 is screwed in the screw hole, and the forward and reverse rotation of the three-phase asynchronous motor 35 drives the lift screw to rotate, thereby driving the rotating support base 32. Together with the steering device 4 and the ballast cleaning device 5 move up and down along the column, wherein the column 31 is in clearance fit with the rotating support base 32 to play the role of guiding and supporting.

As shown in FIGS. 2 , 4 and 6 , the steering device 4 includes a bogie 41 , a rotating support bearing 42 and a locking mechanism 43 . The outer ring of the rotary support bearing 42 is connected to the rotary support seat 32 , the inner ring of the rotary support bearing 42 is connected to the flange of the reducer 52 of the ballast cleaning device 5 , and the bogie 41 is fixedly connected to the flange of the reducer 52 . The locking mechanism 43 includes a locking seat 431, a connecting rod 432 and a cylindrical pin 433, the locking seat 431 is fixedly connected to the rotating support seat 32, one end of the connecting rod 432 is hinged with the locking seat 431, and the other end is opened for the cylindrical pin to pass through. The threaded hole is matched with the threaded hole on the bogie 41. By inserting a cylindrical pin 433 into the threaded hole of the connecting rod and the bogie, the locking seat 431, the connecting rod and the bogie are fixedly connected.

As shown in Figures 2-4 and 7, the ballast cleaning device 5 includes a motor 51, a reducer 52, a coupling protection sleeve 53, a second coupling 54, a transmission shaft 55, a transmission shaft protection sleeve 56, a blade 57 and a ballast cleaning mechanism 58. The motor 51 is connected to the reducer 52, the reducer is connected to the transmission shaft 55 through the second coupling, and the other end of the transmission shaft 55 is rotated and connected to the driving sprocket 581 of the ballast cleaning mechanism. The flange plate of the reducer 52 is fixed on the inner ring of the rotating support bearing 42, the upper end of the coupling protection sleeve 53 is fixed on the flange plate of the reducer 52, and the lower end of the coupling protection sleeve 53 is connected to the power shaft protection sleeve 56, and the coupling protection sleeve 53 is connected to the power shaft protection sleeve 56. The shaft is located in the coupling protection sleeve, the power shaft is located in the power shaft protection sleeve 56, and the lower end of the power shaft protection sleeve 56 is fixedly connected with the blade. The ballast cleaning mechanism includes a driving sprocket 581, a driven sprocket 582, a supporting wheel 583, a chain 584 and a claw 585, wherein the driven sprocket 582 and the supporting wheel 583 are installed on the cutter plate 57, and the driving sprocket is rotated and installed on the transmission On the shaft, the driving sprocket is connected with the driven sprocket 582 and the supporting wheel 583 through the chain 584, and the supporting wheel is located between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket. The claws 585 are mounted on a chain, and the chain 584 is a roller chain.

The supporting wheel 583 is installed on the blade plate 57, and the supporting wheel is located between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, and plays the role of preventing drag chains.

The raking claw 585 includes raking teeth and raking plates, the raking teeth play the role of cutting, and the raking board plays the role of conveying the ballast.

The blade 57 includes an upper blade and a lower blade, and the upper blade and the lower blade are integrally connected by long bolts.

Further, the driving sprocket 581 and the driven sprocket 582 are provided with discs, which can also play a role in preventing de-chaining.

As soon as the worker presses the forward rotation switch of the three-phase asynchronous motor 35, the three-phase asynchronous motor 35 is connected with the input shaft of the worm gear screw lift 37 through the coupling one 36, and the worm gear screw lift 37 has the function of changing the transmission direction and reducing the rotational speed. The function is an existing technology, which can be purchased and will not be repeated here. The ballast cleaning device 5 is installed on the rotating support base 32, and the ballast cleaning device 5 can be moved down to a designated position to perform the ballast cleaning operation through the rotation of the worm gear screw lift 37.

When the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 is located at the designated position, the worker 2 slowly rotates the bogie 41, the lower bottom plate of the bogie 41 is screwed to the lower flange of the reducer 52, and the lower flange of the reducer 52 is screwed to the inner ring of the rotary support bearing 42. , the outer ring of the rotary support bearing 42 is connected with the rotary support seat 32 by screws. The inner and outer rings of the rotary support bearing 42 have threaded holes and the height of the inner ring is higher than that of the outer ring. It is a purchased part and will not be repeated here. The flange plate is connected with the upper part of the coupling protection sleeve 53 by screws, the lower part of the coupling protection sleeve 53 is connected with the upper part of the transmission shaft protection sleeve 55 by bolts, the lower part 55 of the transmission shaft protection sleeve is connected with the cutter plate 57 by bolts, and the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 is installed on the On the cutting board, in summary, when the second worker rotates the bogie 41, the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 will rotate accordingly.

Worker 2 slowly rotates the bogie 41, the rake claws 585 in the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 are in contact with the stone ballast, and the rake teeth start to cut the stone ballast under the sleeper 7, and the stone ballast is transported to the space between the two sleepers 7 through the action of the rake plate. cleaned area between. When the bogie 41 is rotated to a certain angle, the second worker locks and fixes the bogie through the locking mechanism 43, so that the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 operates along a proper angle. One end of the connecting rod 432 of the locking mechanism 43 is hinged with the locking seat 431 and can rotate relatively.

After the bogie is locked, the worker slowly pushes the upright column 31 along the direction of the sleeper 7 so that the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 cleans the remaining stone ballast of the sleeper 7 . The lifting device 3, the steering device 4, and the ballast cleaning device 5 are installed on the support base 24 in the horizontal moving device 2. The support base 24 is screwed with the slider 22, the slider 22 slides on the guide rail 21, and the guide rail 21 is mounted on the guide rail 21 with screws. On the frame 11, as soon as the worker pushes the upright column 31, the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 can be operated along the sleeper direction.

When the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 completes the cleaning of the stone ballast under a sleeper 7, the worker 2 pulls out the cylindrical pin 433, unlocks the locking mechanism 43, rotates the bogie 41 at a certain angle, and locks the bogie 41, so that the adjacent sleeper 7 is lowered. The stone ballast is cleaned. After the cleaning is completed, the locking mechanism 43 is unlocked, and the ballast cleaning mechanism 58 is returned to the lower position at the beginning (between the two sleepers). When the worker presses the reverse switch of the three-phase asynchronous motor 35, the lifting device 3 will rotate and support The ballast cleaning device 5 and the steering device 4 on the seat 32 are lifted up to a certain height. As soon as the worker continues to push the handrail on the frame 11, the small ballast cleaning device moves forward along the rail 6, and cooperates with the second worker to carry out the next two sleepers 7 times. The cleaning of the stone ballast shall be completed until the specified ballast cleaning operation is completed.

Claims (7)

1. a small equipment for cleaning up stone ballast under railway sleepers, it is characterized in that: comprise car body, horizontal moving device, lifting device, steering device and ballast cleaning device; The car body includes a frame and a wheelset, the frame is fixed on the wheelset, and the wheelset moves on the railway rail; The horizontal moving device includes a guide rail, a slider, a limit block and a support plate. There are two guide rails. The two guide rails are parallel and both are perpendicular to the steel rail. The guide rail is fixed on the frame, and each guide rail is slidably connected with at least one slide The two ends of the guide rail are provided with limit blocks to prevent the slider from falling off, the support plate is connected to the top of the slider of the two guide rails, and the support plate is located between the two guide rails; The lifting device includes a column, a rotating support base, a column end cover, a lift base, a three-phase asynchronous motor, a coupling 1 and a worm gear screw lift; the bottom end of the column is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the lift base is slidingly sleeved on the column. The top of the column is connected to the end cover of the column, and the end cover of the column is connected to the base of the lift. The three-phase asynchronous motor and the worm gear screw lift are fixed on the base of the lift. The output shaft of the three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to the turbine screw lift through the coupling one. The input shaft of the screw lifter is connected with the input shaft, the screw of the turbine screw elevator is parallel to the column, and the lower end of the screw is threadedly connected with the rotating support seat, and a limit block is provided at one end of the screw under the rotating support seat; The steering device includes a bogie and a rotating support bearing. The outer ring of the rotating support bearing is connected with the rotating support seat, and the inner ring of the rotating support bearing is connected with the flange of the reducer of the ballast cleaning device. on the orchid plate; The ballast cleaning device includes a motor, a reducer, a second coupling, a transmission shaft and a ballast cleaning mechanism; the motor is connected to the reducer, the reducer is connected to the transmission shaft through the second coupling, and the other end of the transmission shaft rotates to connect the driving chain of the ballast cleaning mechanism. The ballast cleaning mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, a chain and a rake claws. The driving sprocket is connected with the driven sprocket through the chain, and the rake claws are installed on the chain. 2. A kind of small equipment for cleaning the stone ballast under the railway sleeper as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the car body also comprises a crankshaft, a bearing seat, a bearing and a frame connector, and the wheelset comprises two groups, each group The wheelset includes two wheels, the two wheels are press-fitted on the two ends of the crankshaft respectively, and the crankshaft located outside the wheelset is rotatably connected to the bearing, the bearing is located in the bearing seat, the frame connecting piece is fixed on the bearing seat, and the vehicle The frame connecting piece is perpendicular to the axle, and the frame connecting piece is fastened with the bottom surface of the frame. 3. The small equipment for cleaning the stone ballast under the railway sleeper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steering device further comprises a locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism comprises a locking seat, a connecting rod and a cylindrical pin, and the locking seat It is fixedly connected to the rotating support seat, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the locking seat, and the other end is provided with a threaded hole for the cylindrical pin to pass through. The threaded hole is matched with the threaded hole on the bogie. Insert a cylindrical pin into the threaded hole of the machine to fasten the locking seat, the connecting rod and the bogie. 4. a kind of small equipment for cleaning the stone ballast under the railway sleeper as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ballast cleaning mechanism also comprises a supporting wheel, and the driving chain wheel is connected with the driven chain wheel and the supporting wheel through a chain, and the supporting wheel is It is located between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket. 5. The small equipment for cleaning the stone ballast under railway sleepers according to claim 4, wherein the chain is a roller chain. 6 . The small equipment for cleaning the stone ballast under the railway sleepers according to claim 4 , wherein the ballast cleaning device further comprises a cutter plate, and the driven sprocket and the supporting wheel are mounted on the cutter plate. 7 . 7. A kind of small equipment for cleaning the stone ballast under railway sleepers as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the ballast cleaning device further comprises a coupling protection sleeve and a transmission shaft protection sleeve, and the upper end of the coupling protection sleeve is fixed on the speed reducer On the machine flange, the lower end of the protective sleeve of the coupling is connected to the protective sleeve of the transmission shaft, the coupling is located in the protective sleeve of the coupling, the transmission shaft is located in the protective sleeve of the transmission shaft, and the lower end of the protective sleeve of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the blade.

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