CN211064587U

CN211064587U - Rabbit cage convenient to clearance rabbit excrement

Info

Publication number: CN211064587U
Application number: CN201922039399.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘奕岩
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-11-21
Filing date: 2019-11-21
Publication date: 2020-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-21

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rabbit cage convenient to clear up rabbit excrement, including the cage body, the bottom surface of cage body is rectangle, four summits of the lower surface of cage body are fixed and are provided with four supports that are used for supporting the cage body, and fixed first baffle, second baffle, third baffle and fourth baffle have been set up between the adjacent support in proper order, be provided with the material receiving box that opens up between first baffle and the third baffle, still seted up the mouth of taking on the first baffle; a first drainage plate is fixedly arranged between the first baffle plate and the third baffle plate. The utility model discloses in, the excrement of rabbit falls into the material receiving box through the drainage plate after, can follow the mouth of taking and take out material receiving box and wash, and material receiving box is difficult for receiving the rabbit excrement that the erroneous contact caused in the material receiving box and spills.

Description

Rabbit cage convenient to clearance rabbit excrement

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding's technique and specifically relates to a rabbit-hutch is related to.

Background

Rabbits are a common breeding animal, and are generally bred in rabbit cages.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly rabbit cage which comprises at least one cage, wherein four supporting legs are arranged at the bottom end of the cage, the environment-friendly rabbit cage also comprises a dung baffle plate, a urine collecting groove, a dung collecting box and a urine collecting box, the dung baffle plate and the urine collecting groove are sequentially arranged below the cage from top to bottom, the dung baffle plate and the urine collecting groove are arranged downwards obliquely relative to the cage, the bottom end of the dung baffle plate is close to the top end of the urine collecting groove, and the two opposite sides of the dung baffle plate and the urine collecting groove are respectively detachably connected with the four supporting legs; the feces collecting box and the urine collecting box are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the bottom end of the cage, the bottom end of the feces baffle is communicated with the feces collecting box, and the bottom end of the urine collecting groove is communicated with the urine collecting box.

In this prior art, the excrement that the rabbit produced can fall into collection excrement box and collection urine box through keeping off the dropping board and collecting the urine groove, and collection excrement box and collection urine box set up respectively in the both sides of cage bottom, and the easy mistake is touched and is caused collection excrement box and collection urine box to overturn, and then leads to the excrement of rabbit to scatter and cause the pollution indoor.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a rabbit cage convenient to clearance rabbit excrement, and be difficult to cause the excrement of rabbit to spill because of the mistake touches.

The above utility model discloses an above-mentioned utility model purpose can realize through following technical scheme: the cage comprises a reticular cage body, wherein the bottom surface of the cage body is rectangular, four supports for supporting the cage body are fixedly arranged at four vertexes of the lower surface of the cage body, blocking pieces are fixedly arranged between adjacent supports, the four blocking pieces sequentially comprise a first baffle, a second baffle, a third baffle and a fourth baffle, and the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle form a cuboid and surround the supports; a material receiving box with an upward opening is arranged between the first baffle and the third baffle, and a taking port for taking the material receiving box is further formed in the first baffle; a first drainage plate is fixedly arranged between the first baffle plate and the third baffle plate and is abutted against the first baffle plate, the third baffle plate and the fourth baffle plate; the first drainage plate is obliquely arranged, one downward end of the first drainage plate is connected to the upper end of the material receiving box, and the other end of the first drainage plate is connected to the fourth baffle; the side wall of the material receiving box, which is far away from one side of the first drainage plate, is abutted against the brackets on two sides of the second baffle; the length of the material receiving box is equal to that of one side of the first drainage plate, which is abutted against the material receiving box.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the excrement of rabbit can be followed cage body below and fallen into on the first drainage plate to flow into in the material receiving box through first drainage plate. First baffle, second baffle, third baffle and fourth baffle encircle the setting in the below of the cage body and encircle the material receiving box in the centre, can reduce the mistake and touch the unrestrained possibility of excrement that the material receiving box caused the rabbit. When the material receiving box needs to be replaced or cleaned, the material receiving box can be taken out from the taking port.

The utility model discloses further set up to: the bottom plate is fixedly arranged between the second baffle and the fourth baffle, the upper surface of the bottom plate is fixedly provided with a clamping and fixing convex strip parallel to the second baffle, the bottom surface of the material receiving box is provided with a first chute, the clamping and fixing convex strip is embedded in the first chute, and the material receiving box is fixed on the bottom plate along the height direction through the limiting force of the clamping and fixing convex strip on the first chute.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when installing the material receiving box, can fix the effect through the card each other of the solid sand grip of card and first spout, make the material receiving box and the position relatively fixed of the cage body, help can make material receiving box and cage body position remain stable when the cage body takes place to rock, help reducing the unrestrained possibility of excrement of rabbit.

The utility model discloses further set up to: the taking opening is covered with a sliding door, a sliding rail is fixedly arranged on the first baffle, the sliding rail penetrates through the sliding door and is connected with the sliding door in a sliding mode, and the distance from one end, close to the fourth baffle, of the sliding rail to one side, close to the fourth baffle, of the taking opening is larger than the width of the sliding door.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the sliding door can cover the mouth of taking to will connect the silo restriction between first baffle and third baffle, and then reduce and connect the silo along the possibility of deviating from the mouth of taking, and then reduce the unrestrained possibility of rabbit excrement.

The utility model discloses further set up to: the sliding door is further fixedly provided with a magnetic block on one surface facing the second baffle, and the first baffle is further fixedly provided with a magnetic strip for attracting the magnetic block at one end, close to the second baffle, of the sliding rail.

Through the mutual attraction effect between magnetic block and the support, can make the sliding door adsorb on the support under no exogenic action to will take the mouth and seal up, thereby the restriction connects the relative slip in silo and the second baffle support, further improves rabbit-hutch's stability.

The utility model discloses a further set up to: a second drainage plate is fixedly arranged on the second baffle plate, and two sides of the second drainage plate are respectively abutted against two opposite surfaces of the second baffle plate bracket; one side of the second drainage plate, which is far away from the second baffle, is abutted against one end, which is close to the second baffle, of the material receiving box, and the second drainage plate inclines from top to bottom from one side, which is close to the second baffle, of the material receiving box to the side of the second baffle.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the rabbit excrement that falls on the material receiving box and is close to second baffle one side can fall into the material receiving box through the second drainage plate, further reduces the excrement that spills from the rabbit-hutch, and then keeps the cleanness of breed space.

The utility model discloses further set up to: the cage body is also provided with a clean water bottle, the lower end of the clean water bottle is provided with a water outlet and is connected with a soft water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe is also provided with a flow limiting piece for controlling the water flow speed in the water outlet pipe.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when needs are cleaned first drainage plate, can open the current-limiting piece, utilize the upper surface of clean water or other cleaners in the clean water bottle to first drainage plate to wash through the outlet pipe, and then improve rabbit-hutch's clean degree.

The utility model discloses further set up to: the flow limiting piece comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and two limiting rods, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are arranged in parallel, the two limiting rods are fixedly arranged on two sides of the first clamping plate, are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the first clamping plate, and the limiting rods penetrate through the second clamping plate and are in sliding connection with the second clamping plate; and the second clamping plate is also rotatably connected with a clamping bolt, and the clamping bolt penetrates through the first clamping plate and is in threaded connection with the first clamping plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when needs are cleaned the rabbit-hutch, can make first grip block and second grip block separation through unscrewing clamping bolt, and then remove the clamping effect of current-limiting piece to the outlet pipe to make the sanitizer in the clean water-jug flow out smoothly and wash first drainage board and second drainage board. After the cleaning is finished, the clamping bolt is screwed down, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate clamp the water outlet pipe tightly, so that the operation is convenient.

The utility model discloses further set up to: the outer wall of the cage body on one side of the fourth baffle is fixedly provided with an annular blocking piece, the outer wall of the cleaning water bottle is fixedly provided with an annular abutting piece, and the abutting piece abuts against the upper surface of the blocking piece.

By adopting the technical scheme, the cleaning water bottle can be conveniently arranged on the cage body by utilizing the mutual abutting action of the blocking piece and the abutting piece, and the cleaning water bottle can be conveniently taken down to supplement or replace the cleaning water in the cleaning water bottle when the water in the cleaning water bottle needs to be replaced.

The utility model discloses further set up to: the material receiving box is also internally provided with a filter plate along the horizontal direction, the edge of the filter plate is abutted against the inner wall of the material receiving box, and the filter plate is provided with filter holes.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the rabbit excrement fell into the material receiving box, the urine of rabbit could fall into the material receiving box through the filtration pore on the filter plate, and the excrement and urine of rabbit then can be blockked by the filter plate to stop on the filter plate. Therefore, the feces of the rabbits do not contact with the urine, and the possibility that the feces are soaked in the urine to generate harmful gases such as ammonia gas can be reduced.

The utility model discloses further set up to: hooks are arranged at two ends of the filter plate, and the filter plate is hung on the surfaces of the side walls at two ends of the material receiving box through the hooks.

By adopting the technical scheme, the filter plate can be conveniently taken out of the material receiving box or installed in the material receiving box, and the filter plate and the material receiving box are convenient to clean.

To sum up, the utility model discloses a beneficial technological effect does:

1. the utility model discloses in, through setting up the material receiving box in cage body below to encircle to set up around the support with first baffle, second baffle, third baffle and fourth baffle, can reduce the material receiving box and receive the mistake and touch and then cause the unrestrained possibility of excrement of rabbit.

2. The utility model discloses in, through setting up the first spout of the solid card of each other card solid sand grip, can restrict the activity of material receiving box, and then make the position relatively fixed of material receiving box and first drainage plate, reduce the unrestrained possibility of rabbit excrement.

3. The utility model discloses in, through setting up clean water-jug and outlet pipe to restrict the outlet pipe with the current-limiting piece, be convenient for clean first drainage plate.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first flow-guiding plate, a second flow-guiding plate and a material receiving box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial schematic view of portion A of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a portion B in fig. 1.

In the figure, 1, a cage body; 11. a side door; 12. a top door; 13. a trough; 14. a water fountain; 15. a blocking sheet; 2. a support; 21. a base plate; 22. clamping and fixing the convex strips; 31. a first baffle plate; 311. taking the mouth; 312. a slide rail; 313. a sliding door; 314. a second chute; 315. a magnetic block; 316. a magnetic strip; 32. a second baffle; 33. a third baffle plate; 34. a fourth baffle; 41. a first drainage plate; 42. a second drainage plate; 5. a material receiving box; 51. filtering the plate; 52. filtering holes; 53. hooking; 54. a hand-held ring; 55. a first chute; 6. cleaning a water bottle; 61. a water outlet pipe; 62. abutting the sheet; 7. a flow restriction; 71. a first clamping plate; 72. a second clamping plate; 73. a limiting rod; 74. and clamping the bolt.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An embodiment, a rabbit cage convenient to clearance rabbit excrement, refer to fig. 1, including the latticed cage body 1 of cuboid, it has side door 11 to articulate on the lateral wall of cage body 1, and the top of cage body 1 articulates there is top door 12, still is provided with trough 13 and drinking bowl 14 in the cage body 1.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the brackets 2 are fixedly connected to four corners of the lower surface of the cage body 1, blocking members are fixedly arranged between two adjacent brackets 2, the four blocking members are respectively a first blocking plate 31, a second blocking plate 32, a third blocking plate 33 and a fourth blocking plate 34, and the first blocking plate 31, the second blocking plate 32, the third blocking plate 33 and the fourth blocking plate 34 surround the four brackets 2 and form a cuboid in a surrounding manner. A first flow guide plate 41 is fixedly arranged between the first baffle 31 and the third baffle 33. The first drainage plate 41 has both sides perpendicular to and abutting against the first and third baffles 31 and 33. The upper surface of the first flow-guiding plate 41 is inclined downward from the side adjacent to the fourth baffle 34 to the side adjacent to the second baffle 32. A horizontal bottom plate 21 is fixedly arranged between the second baffle plate 32 and the fourth baffle plate 34, a material receiving box 5 with an upward opening is connected to the bottom plate 21 in a sliding manner along the horizontal direction, and the upper surface of the side wall of the material receiving box 5 facing the first flow guide plate 41 abuts against one side of the first flow guide plate 41 close to the second baffle plate 32. The length of the receiving box 5 is equal to the distance between the first baffle 31 and the third baffle 33. The second baffle 32 is further provided with a second drainage plate 42, one side of the second drainage plate 42, which is far away from the second baffle 32, is abutted against one end of the material receiving box 5, which is close to the fourth baffle 34, and the second drainage plate 42 inclines from one side close to the second baffle 32 to one side close to the material receiving box 5 from top to bottom. Rabbit excrement falls onto the first drainage plate 41 or the second drainage plate 42 through the lower part of the cage body 1 and slides into the material receiving box 5.

Referring to fig. 3, the first shutter 31 is provided with an access opening 311 facing the material receiving box 5, and the access opening 311 is covered with a sliding door 313. A slide rail 312 with a T-shaped cross section is respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the taking port 311 along the horizontal direction, and a second slide groove 314 with a T-shaped cross section is arranged on the slide door 313 and is slidably connected to the slide rail 312 through the second slide groove 314. The distance from one end of the slide rail 312 far away from the second baffle 32 to one side of the taking port 311 far away from the second baffle 32 is greater than the width of the sliding door 313. A magnetic block 315 is fixedly arranged on one side of the sliding door 313 facing the second baffle 32, a magnetic strip 315 is fixedly arranged on one end of the sliding rail 312 facing the second baffle 42 on the first baffle 41, and the sliding door 313 can be fixed and the holding opening 311 can be sealed through the mutual attraction of the magnetic block 315 and the magnetic strip 316. The magazine 5 can be taken out from the taking port 311 by sliding the slide door 313 along the second slide groove 314.

Referring to fig. 3, in order to more stably mount the material receiving box 5 on the bottom plate 21, a fastening protrusion 22 is horizontally disposed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 21, and the fastening protrusion 22 has a T-shaped cross section. The lower surface of the bottom surface of the material receiving box 5 is provided with a first sliding groove 55 for embedding the clamping convex strip 22. A hand ring 54 is also fixedly arranged on the side wall of the material receiving box 5 facing the taking port 311.

When the feces of the rabbit are soaked in urine, harmful gases such as ammonia gas are generated, and therefore, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a filter plate 51 is further disposed in the material receiving box 5 along the horizontal direction, the periphery of the filter plate 51 is abutted against the inner wall of the material receiving box 5, and the filter plate 51 is provided with filter holes 52. Hooks 53 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the filter plate 51 and hung on the side wall of the material receiving box 5 through the hooks 53. The rabbit urine falls into the lower space of the receiving box 5 through the filter plate 51, and the rabbit stool is blocked by the filter plate 51 and separated from the rabbit urine.

Referring to fig. 1, two annular blocking pieces 15 are arranged on one side wall of the cage body 1 close to the fourth baffle 34, the cleaning water bottle 6 penetrates through the blocking pieces 15, and the abutting pieces 62 are arranged on the side wall of the cleaning water bottle 6 along the circumferential direction and abut against the upper surfaces of the blocking pieces 15 through the abutting pieces 62. The lower end of the cleaning water bottle 6 is provided with a water outlet, a soft water outlet pipe 61 is sleeved on the water outlet, and the water outlet pipe 61 can be made of rubber or other soft materials. The water outlet pipe 61 is also provided with a flow limiting piece 7 for controlling the flow rate of water flow in the water outlet pipe 61. Referring to fig. 4, the flow limiting member 7 includes a first clamping plate 71, a second clamping plate 72 and two limiting rods 73 fixedly connected to two ends of the first clamping plate 71, the limiting rods 73 vertically penetrate through the second clamping plate 72 and are slidably connected to the second clamping plate 72. A clamping bolt 74 is rotatably connected to the second clamping plate 72, and the clamping bolt 74 penetrates the first clamping plate 71 and is screwed to the first clamping plate 71.

The two water bottles 6 are filled with cleaning water and freshener respectively, and the first clamping plate 71 and the second clamping plate 72 can be separated from each other by loosening the clamping bolt 74, and the first drainage plate 41 is cleaned through the water outlet pipe 61. After the cleaning is completed, the first clamping plate 71 can slide toward the second clamping portion 72 by tightening the clamping bolt 74 to clamp the water outlet pipe 61, thereby restricting the water flow.

The implementation principle and the using method of the embodiment are as follows:

when the rabbit is arranged in the cage body 1, the excrement of the rabbit falls down from the lower part of the cage body 1 and falls onto the first drainage plate 41, and falls into the material receiving box 5 along the first drainage plate 41. The excrement and urine of rabbit can pass through filter plate 51 on the material receiving box 5, and the urine can fall into material receiving box 5 below, and excrement and urine can be blockked by filter plate 51, and then realizes the separation of excrement and urine.

When the first flow-guiding plate 41 needs to be cleaned, the clamping bolt 74 can be loosened, and the outlet pipe 61 is used for washing the first flow-guiding plate 41, so that the washed water flow can fall into the material receiving box 5 along the first flow-guiding plate 41. When the cleaning water or the freshener in the cleaning water bottle 6 is used up, the cleaning water bottle 6 can be taken out upward, the water outlet pipe 61 is removed, and new cleaning water or the freshener is added into the water outlet pipe again.

When the material receiving box 5 needs to be taken out for cleaning, the sliding door 313 is firstly slid and opened, the material receiving box 5 is taken out from the taking port 311, and the filter plate 51 is taken up upwards, so that the filter plate 51 and the material receiving box 5 can be cleaned. After the cleaning is completed, the filter plate 51 is hung on the material receiving box 5, the clamping convex strips 22 are embedded into the first sliding grooves 55, the material receiving box 5 can be installed on the bottom plate 21 again by pushing the material receiving box 5 along the clamping convex strips 22, then the sliding door 313 is closed, the magnetic block 315 is attached to the support 2, the installation is completed, and the operation is convenient.

The embodiment of this specific implementation mode is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not limit according to this the utility model discloses a protection scope, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the utility model are covered within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a rabbit cage convenient to clearance rabbit excrement, includes netted cage body (1), its characterized in that: the bottom surface of the cage body (1) is rectangular, four supports (2) for supporting the cage body (1) are fixedly arranged at four vertexes of the lower surface of the cage body (1), blocking pieces are fixedly arranged between every two adjacent supports (2), the four blocking pieces sequentially comprise a first baffle (31), a second baffle (32), a third baffle (33) and a fourth baffle (34), and the first baffle (31), the second baffle (32), the third baffle (33) and the fourth baffle (34) form a cuboid and surround the outside of the supports (2); a material receiving box (5) with an upward opening is arranged between the first baffle plate (31) and the third baffle plate (33), and a taking port (311) for taking the material receiving box (5) is further formed in the first baffle plate (31); a first drainage plate (41) is fixedly arranged between the first baffle plate (31) and the third baffle plate (33), the first drainage plate (41) is abutted against the first baffle plate (31), the third baffle plate (33) and the fourth baffle plate (34), the first drainage plate (41) is obliquely arranged, and the downward end of the first drainage plate (41) is connected with the upper end of the material receiving box (5); the side wall of one side of the material receiving box (5) far away from the first drainage plate (41) is abutted against the brackets (2) on two sides of the second baffle (32); the length of the material receiving box (5) is equal to the length of one side of the first drainage plate (41) which is abutted to the material receiving box (5).

2. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 1, wherein: a bottom plate (21) is fixedly arranged between the second baffle plate (32) and the fourth baffle plate (34), a clamping convex strip (22) parallel to the second baffle plate (32) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate (21), a first sliding groove (55) is arranged on the bottom surface of the material receiving box (5), the clamping convex strip (22) is embedded in the first sliding groove (55), and the material receiving box (5) is fixed on the bottom plate (21) along the height direction through the limiting force of the clamping convex strip (22) on the first sliding groove (55); and a hand-held ring (54) for holding and taking the material receiving box (5) is fixedly arranged on one surface of the material receiving box (5) facing the taking port (311).

3. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 2, wherein: the taking opening (311) is covered with a sliding door (313), a sliding rail (312) is fixedly arranged on the first baffle (31), the sliding rail (312) penetrates through the sliding door (313) and is in sliding connection with the sliding door (313), and the distance from one end, close to the fourth baffle (34), of the sliding rail (312) to one side, close to the fourth baffle (34), of the taking opening (311) is greater than the width of the sliding door (313).

4. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 3, wherein: the sliding door (313) is further fixedly provided with a magnetic block (315) on one surface facing the second baffle (32), and the first baffle (31) is further fixedly provided with a magnetic strip (316) used for attracting the magnetic block (315) at one end of the sliding rail (312) close to the second baffle (32).

5. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 2, wherein: a second drainage plate (42) is fixedly arranged on the second baffle plate (32), and two sides of the second drainage plate (42) are respectively abutted against the opposite surfaces of the two brackets (2) connected to the second baffle plate (32); one side of the second drainage plate (42) far away from the second baffle (32) is abutted against one end of the material receiving box (5) close to the second baffle (32), and the second drainage plate (42) inclines from one side close to the second baffle (32) to one side of the material receiving box (5) from top to bottom.

6. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 1, wherein: still be provided with clean water bottle (6) on the cage body (1), the delivery port has been seted up and is connected with soft outlet pipe (61) to the lower extreme of clean water bottle (6), still be provided with current-limiting piece (7) that are arranged in controlling the velocity of water flow in outlet pipe (61) on outlet pipe (61).

7. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 6, wherein: the flow limiting piece (7) comprises a first clamping plate (71), a second clamping plate (72) and two limiting rods (73), wherein the first clamping plate (71) and the second clamping plate (72) are arranged in parallel, the two limiting rods (73) are fixedly arranged on two sides of the first clamping plate (71), are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the first clamping plate (71), and the limiting rods (73) penetrate through the second clamping plate (72) and are in sliding connection with the second clamping plate (72); the second clamping plate (72) is further rotatably connected with a clamping bolt (74), and the clamping bolt (74) penetrates through the first clamping plate (71) and is in threaded connection with the first clamping plate (71).

8. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 6, wherein: the cleaning water bottle is characterized in that an annular blocking piece (15) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of one side of the cage body (1) at the position of the fourth baffle (34), an annular abutting piece (62) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the cleaning water bottle (6), and the abutting piece (62) abuts against the upper surface of the blocking piece (15).

9. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 1, wherein: the filter plate (51) is further arranged in the material receiving box (5) along the horizontal direction, the edge of the filter plate (51) is abutted to the inner wall of the material receiving box (5), and filter holes (52) are formed in the filter plate (51).

10. A rabbit cage for facilitating rabbit faeces cleaning according to claim 9, wherein: hooks (53) are arranged at two ends of the filter plate (51), and the filter plate (51) is hung on the surfaces of the side walls at two ends of the material receiving box (5) through the hooks (53).