CN211057101U - Double-chamber anaerobic fermentation device suitable for high-concentration materials - Google Patents
Double-chamber anaerobic fermentation device suitable for high-concentration materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN211057101U CN211057101U CN201921497034.0U CN201921497034U CN211057101U CN 211057101 U CN211057101 U CN 211057101U CN 201921497034 U CN201921497034 U CN 201921497034U CN 211057101 U CN211057101 U CN 211057101U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a double-chamber anaerobic fermentation device suitable for high-concentration materials, which relates to the technical field of resource utilization of agricultural wastes and mainly comprises a fermentation shell, wherein a main fermentation chamber and a secondary fermentation chamber are arranged in the fermentation shell, and the effective volume of the main fermentation chamber is larger than that of the secondary fermentation chamber; the secondary fermentation chamber is arranged on the inner side of the main fermentation chamber and is higher than the main fermentation chamber; the top of the main fermentation chamber is provided with a feed inlet, and the bottom of the main fermentation chamber is provided with a sludge discharge port; the secondary fermentation chamber is communicated with the main fermentation chamber, and the top of the secondary fermentation chamber is provided with a methane discharge control device and a discharge pipe. The utility model discloses a marsh gas is gathered and is produced pressure, and owing to set up two fermentation rooms, between the two because marsh gas output is different and form the pressure differential, when the pressure differential reaches predetermined gauge pressure, utilizes the power promotion material that pressure release produced to mix and the circulation flow, realizes the misce bene, improves the purpose that produces gas efficiency and promote substrate degradation conversion, reduction energy consumption etc..
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an agricultural waste resource utilization technical field especially relates to a two room anaerobic fermentation devices that are fit for high concentration material.
Background
The promotion of green development of agriculture aims at solving the outstanding environmental problem of rural areas and increasing the ecological environment protection, and the creation of ecological livable environment and effective treatment of the rural environment are important contents of the village joyful and 'three-farmer' work in the new era, wherein the problem of resource utilization of agricultural wastes has attracted extensive attention. Agricultural wastes in China have huge yield, 9 hundred million tons of crop straws, 38 hundred million tons of livestock and poultry excrement and 3 hundred million tons of rural domestic garbage can be collected every year, and the wastes have potential threats to human living environment and also have huge resource potential. The anaerobic fermentation mode is adopted to treat organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like, so that the harmless and quantitative treatment of the wastes can be promoted, the resource and energy utilization can be realized, the generated biogas has various uses (heat, electricity and fuel) as clean energy, the biogas slurry and the biogas residues can be used for preparing organic fertilizers, the energy structure can be effectively optimized, the human living environment is improved, and the sustainable development of economy and society is finally realized.
The anaerobic fermentation technology is rapidly developed in China, more than 11 thousands of biogas projects with different scales are carried out at present, and a wet anaerobic fermentation mode is mainly adopted. The domestic wet anaerobic fermentation process technology for treating organic wastes such as straws, livestock and poultry manure mainly comprises a full mixed reactor (CSTR), a Plug Flow Reactor (PFR), an Upflow Solid Reactor (USR) and the like. Wherein the application rate of the full mixing type reactor (CSTR) in agricultural biogas engineering in China exceeds 95 percent, the solid content is generally 5 to 10 percent, the retention time is 20 to 40 days, and the volumetric gas yield is 0.6 to 1.0m3/m3·d-1Having a material divisionEven cloth, even temperature distribution, avoidance of layering and crusting and the like, but has the defects of external stirring, higher energy consumption, difficulty in complete mixing of large digesters, incomplete digestion of substrates, loss of microorganisms along with the discharge and the like. The Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) is suitable for materials with the solid content of 7-10 percent, is particularly suitable for the digestion of cow dung, has the retention time of 20-40 days and the volumetric gas production rate of 0.6-1.0 m3/m3·d-1The solid material sedimentation device has the characteristics of simple structure, low energy consumption, high stability and the like, but solid materials can be precipitated at the bottom, so that the effective volume of the digester is reduced, the reflux of the solid and microorganisms is required to be used as an inoculum, the temperature in the reactor is uneven, the efficiency is low, and incrustation is easy to generate. The Upflow Solid Reactor (USR) is suitable for the treatment of feces with solid content of 3-6%, the retention time of the materials is 15-25 days, and the volumetric gas production rate is 0.8-1.0 m3/m3·d-1The device has the characteristics of simple structure, high organic matter decomposition rate, high treatment efficiency and the like, but the reactor has smaller monomer volume, and the problems of water distribution pipe blockage and the like are easy to occur when the feed concentration is higher.
The method has the advantages that the yield of organic wastes such as agricultural wastes in China is huge, and an anaerobic digestion technology is adopted to treat the organic wastes. The solid content of the material is considered to be lower than 15 percent in wet anaerobic fermentation, and the material is considered to belong to dry anaerobic fermentation when the solid content is higher than 20 percent. The wet fermentation technology is mostly adopted in domestic and foreign biogas projects. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the above-mentioned mixed reactor (CSTR), Plug Flow Reactor (PFR), Upflow Solid Reactor (USR) and other technologies can only process the raw material with low solid content (generally TS is less than or equal to 10%), and the volumetric gas production rate is generally less than 1.0m3/m3·d-1. Wherein the traditional CSTR reactor needs external stirring, the equipment investment is high, the operation energy consumption is large, the large-scale digester is difficult to completely mix, the digestion of the substrate is incomplete, and anaerobic microorganisms are easy to lose; in the operation process of the PFR reactor, the solid materials are precipitated at the bottom to cause the hydraulic retention time to be prolonged, the effective volume to be reduced, the temperature in the reactor is uneven, the efficiency is low, and incrustation is easy to generate; the USR reactor can only treat the excrement with low solid content (3-6 percent), the monomer volume of the reactor is small, and the water distribution pipe is easy to blockAnd (6) a plug. Therefore, the development of a wet anaerobic fermentation process technology with wide raw material application range, low energy consumption and high efficiency is urgently needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a two room anaerobic fermentation devices that are fit for high concentration material to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, gather production pressure through marsh gas, and owing to set up two fermentation rooms, form pressure differential between the two because marsh gas output is different, when pressure differential reaches predetermined gauge pressure, the power that utilizes pressure release to produce promotes the material and mixes and the circulation flows, realize the misce bene, improve the purpose that produces gas efficiency and promote substrate degradation conversion, reduce the energy consumption etc..
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following scheme: the utility model provides a double-chamber anaerobic fermentation device suitable for high-concentration materials, which comprises a fermentation shell, wherein a main fermentation chamber and a secondary fermentation chamber are arranged in the fermentation shell, and the effective volume of the main fermentation chamber is larger than that of the secondary fermentation chamber; the secondary fermentation chamber is arranged on the inner side of the main fermentation chamber and is higher than the main fermentation chamber; the top of the main fermentation chamber is provided with a feed inlet, and the bottom of the main fermentation chamber is provided with a sludge discharge port; the secondary fermentation chamber is communicated with the main fermentation chamber, and a biogas discharge control device and a discharge pipe are arranged at the top of the secondary fermentation chamber.
Preferably, a material nozzle is arranged below the main fermentation chamber and is used for being communicated with the secondary fermentation chamber.
Preferably, the material nozzle is provided with a plurality of, the feed liquid entering and discharging direction of the material nozzle is along the tangential direction of the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber.
Preferably, the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber is provided with a quick material port which is communicated with the main fermentation chamber.
Preferably, the inner wall of the main fermentation chamber, the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber and the bottom of the fermentation shell are provided with heating coils.
Preferably, the outer wall of the fermentation shell is provided with a heat insulation layer.
Preferably, the biogas discharge control device comprises a control cover and an exhaust pipe, and the control cover and the exhaust pipe are both arranged at the top of the secondary fermentation chamber.
Preferably, the top of the main fermentation chamber is communicated with the top of the secondary fermentation chamber through a biogas pipeline, and the biogas pipeline is provided with a pneumatic throttle valve.
Preferably, the secondary fermentation chamber is also internally provided with a short mixing pipe and a long mixing pipe which are communicated with the main fermentation chamber.
The utility model discloses for prior art gain following technological effect:
1) the self-generated biogas is used as the lifting power to realize the internal circulation of the mixed liquid, no external power is needed for stirring, no pump is needed for forced circulation, and the energy consumption is low;
2) mechanical equipment such as a stirrer, a circulating pump and a gas injection device is not needed to mix the materials in the reactor, so that the equipment investment is saved;
3) the maintenance cost of the system is very low, and the operation cost is far lower than that of the traditional system;
4) the materials are fully mixed, the temperature is uniform, the substrate is thoroughly fermented, and the top is not easy to crust;
5) the raw materials have wide adaptability, and can treat various organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws, kitchen waste and the like; the organic waste with high solid content can be treated, and the feed concentration can reach more than 15 percent;
6) the marsh gas generated by the fermentation device has high purity and CH4The content can reach more than 70 percent and is higher than CH in the marsh gas generated by the traditional reactor4Content (50% -60%).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a CSTR reactor according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art PFR reactor configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art USR reactor configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a double-chamber anaerobic fermentation device suitable for high-concentration materials in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4;
wherein, 1 is fermentation shell outer wall, 2 is main fermentation chamber, 3 is the second grade fermentation chamber, 4 are the discharging pipe, 5 are the blast pipe, 6 are liquid level I, 7 are the control lid, 8 are pneumatic choke valve, 9 are the biogas pipeline, 10 are liquid level II, 11 are the inlet pipe, 12 are liquid level III, 13 are long mixture pipe, 14 are short mixture pipe, 15 are quick material mouth, 16 are heating coil, 17 are the thermoscope, 18 are the manhole, 19 are mud pipe, 20 are the material nozzle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model aims at providing a two room anaerobic fermentation devices that are fit for high concentration material to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, gather production pressure through marsh gas, and owing to set up two fermentation rooms, form pressure differential between the two because marsh gas output is different, when pressure differential reaches predetermined gauge pressure, the power that utilizes pressure release to produce promotes the material and mixes and the circulation flows, realize the misce bene, improve the purpose that produces gas efficiency and promote substrate degradation conversion, reduce the energy consumption etc..
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Example one
As shown in fig. 4-5, the present embodiment provides a dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation apparatus suitable for high concentration materials, which mainly comprises a main fermentation chamber 2, a secondary fermentation chamber 3, a feeding pipe 11, a discharging pipe 4, an exhaust pipe 5, a biogas pipe 9, a heating coil, a mud pipe 19 and a material nozzle 20.
The fermentation shell of the fermentation device is of a double-chamber structure, the outer cylinder is a main fermentation chamber 2, the inner cylinder is a secondary fermentation chamber 3, and the effective volume of the main fermentation chamber 2 is larger than that of the secondary fermentation chamber 3;
the secondary fermentation chamber 3 is higher than the main fermentation chamber 2, and the top of the secondary fermentation chamber is provided with a methane discharge control device (a control cover 7, an exhaust pipe 5 and the like) and a discharge pipe 4;
the feeding pipe 11 and the sludge discharge pipe 19 are arranged on the main fermentation chamber 2 and are positioned in a high-in low-out position.
The bottom of the fermentation device and the lower part of the main fermentation chamber 2 are provided with material nozzles 20 which are used for communicating the main fermentation chamber 2 and the secondary fermentation chamber 3, the material liquid inlet and outlet directions of the material nozzles are tangential directions along the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber, and the number of the material liquid inlet and outlet directions can be a plurality according to the volume of the fermentation device, and is generally an even number, such as 4, 6, 8 and the like; the material nozzle 20 can spray the material quickly to form a rotating material flow; the deposited fermentation material is mixed with active microorganism, so that the fermentation is more complete; the excessively heavy gravel and the like can be periodically discharged outside the fermentation device.
The heating coil pipes 16 on the inner wall of the main fermentation chamber, the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber and the bottom of the fermentation device are used for providing temperature meeting fermentation requirements for feed liquid, the outer wall 1 of the fermentation shell is provided with a heat insulation layer to reduce heat loss and maintain the required fermentation temperature, and the heat insulation layer is made of the existing heat insulation materials such as foam boards. The utility model discloses need not external heating system, the fermentation raw materials is directly carried in the system to slowly heat up to the settlement temperature, the beneficial microbial community that carries in the reservation raw materials that can the at utmost.
The double-chamber anaerobic fermentation method suitable for the high-concentration materials in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
fully mixing organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure and crushed crop straws (the crushed particle size is less than 5cm) according to the dry matter mixing ratio of 0.3: 1-5: 1, adding inoculated sludge, wherein the dry matter ratio of the inoculum is 25-60%; wherein, the inoculation sludge adopted when the fermentation device is started is the digested sludge of a sewage treatment plant with stable operation or the biogas slurry and the biogas residues of a biogas project, and the fermentation residues discharged by the fermentation device are adopted as the inoculation sludge after the fermentation device is started.
The mixed material is conveyed from the feeding pipe 11 to the main fermentation chamber 2 of the fermentation device at regular time every day and further enters the secondary fermentation chamber through the quick material port 15 and the material nozzle 20, and the concentration of the mixed material is 6-15%.
The materials in the two fermentation chambers are subjected to anaerobic digestion under proper temperature and anaerobic condition to generate methane, and the fermentation temperature is controlled to be medium temperature (35-38 ℃) or high temperature (50-60 ℃). Because the pneumatic throttle valve 8 on the biogas pipeline 9 and the control cover 7 on the top of the secondary fermentation chamber are in a closed state, biogas is continuously accumulated and compressed at the top of the two fermentation chambers to form a certain pressure.
Because the biogas production of the materials in the main fermentation chamber 2 is larger than that of the secondary fermentation chamber 3, a certain pressure difference is formed by the biogas of the two fermentation chambers, and the pressure difference is continuously increased along with the time.
Under the action of pressure difference, the feed liquid in the main fermentation chamber 2 is continuously pushed to move downwards, and the feed liquid enters the secondary fermentation chamber 3 through a material nozzle 20 at the bottom of the fermentation device, so that the liquid level III 12 gradually rises, and the liquid level II 10 continuously falls.
When the pressure difference reaches a preset gauge pressure (namely when the liquid level III 12 is approximately coincident with the liquid level I6, the pressure at the moment can reach 50kPa), a pneumatic throttle valve 8 on a biogas pipeline 9 connecting the two fermentation chambers is opened, a large amount of biogas enters the secondary fermentation chamber 3 from the main fermentation chamber 2 through the biogas pipeline 9, pressure balance is achieved at one moment, the feed liquid in the secondary fermentation chamber 3 is pushed to rapidly descend, strong tearing force and feed liquid oscillation are formed, a scum layer and crusting formed on the top surface layer of the feed liquid can be damaged, and finally pressure balance is achieved.
A small part of feed liquid containing a large amount of anaerobic microorganisms is sprayed onto the newly-fed materials in the main fermentation chamber 2 from the short mixing pipe 14, so that the effect of mixed inoculation is achieved; a large amount of feed liquid then sprays out from the material nozzle 20 of fermenting installation bottom, mix bottom sedimentary material with the feed liquid that contains a large amount of active microorganisms again, promote the further degradation conversion of organic substance, a large amount of materials are discharged rapidly simultaneously, the huge energy of production promotes the rotatory flow of material in the main fermentation chamber 2, form the turbulent flow and mix, avoid the material to take place the layering, reach the effect that the material intensive mixing is even (the material intensive mixing, the temperature is even thereupon, the material fully contacts with anaerobic microorganisms), promote the further degradation conversion of organic substance.
The turbulent mixing process is carried out for 4-10 times per day according to different technological parameters such as fermentation raw materials and the like.
In the existing fermentation process, the fermented materials are difficult to be completely digested and degraded due to the lack of enough anaerobic microorganisms; in the embodiment, in the turbulent mixing process, the feed liquid containing a large amount of active anaerobic microorganisms is conveyed upwards to the surface of the unfermented material in the main fermentation chamber through the long mixing pipe 13 and is fully contacted with the easily degradable organic matters, and the anaerobic microorganisms quickly grow and metabolize to generate a large amount of methane.
The embodiment can obtain higher biogas yield in shorter retention time; in this embodiment, the fermentation feedstock must be anaerobically digested in a set manner, with fresh straw, poultry manure, etc. being added to the main fermentation chamber during each turbulent mixing.
In the material fermentation process, due to different densities of different materials, lighter fermentation raw materials such as straws and the like can gradually rise to the top, and if the feed liquid is in a static state for a long time, scum or crusting is easily generated. In this embodiment, the mixed fermentation raw material slowly moves downwards in the main fermentation chamber 2, then enters the secondary fermentation chamber 3 through the material nozzle 20 at the bottom and slowly moves upwards, and when reaching the top of the secondary fermentation chamber 3, can be discharged out of the fermentation device through the discharge pipe. As the materials with high cellulose content such as straws and the like have lighter weight, compared with the materials such as livestock and poultry manure and the like fed at the same time, the moving speed is slower, the retention time in the fermentation chamber is longer, and the gas production potential can be fully exerted.
When turbulent mixing is not required, the exhaust pipe 5 is opened by controlling the cover 7, and the generated biogas is delivered to the gas holder or the gas using unit.
In this embodiment, set up heating coil 16 at main fermentation indoor wall, second grade fermentation outdoor wall and fermenting installation bottom, fermenting installation's outer wall 1 has the heat preservation insulating layer, can make the temperature slowly rise to required fermentation temperature, and the microbial community in the biggest remaining fermentation raw materials improves the biological efficiency of system, and whole heat transfer process is accomplished inside fermenting installation simultaneously, can reduce the heat loss by a wide margin.
Example two
The embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the first embodiment, and the improvement is as follows: the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber 3 is provided with a fast material port 15 for connecting the main fermentation chamber 2 and the secondary fermentation chamber 3, and the speed can be increased in the feeding process.
The utility model discloses a concrete example is applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the utility model, and the explanation of the above example is only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the utility model; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, according to the idea of the present invention, there are changes in the concrete implementation and the application scope. In summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a be fit for two room anaerobic fermentation devices of high concentration material which characterized in that: the fermentation device comprises a fermentation shell, wherein a main fermentation chamber and a secondary fermentation chamber are arranged in the fermentation shell, and the effective volume of the main fermentation chamber is larger than that of the secondary fermentation chamber; the secondary fermentation chamber is arranged on the inner side of the main fermentation chamber and is higher than the main fermentation chamber; the top of the main fermentation chamber is provided with a feed inlet, and the bottom of the main fermentation chamber is provided with a sludge discharge port; the secondary fermentation chamber is communicated with the main fermentation chamber, and a biogas discharge control device and a discharge pipe are arranged at the top of the secondary fermentation chamber.
2. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 1, wherein: and a material nozzle is arranged below the main fermentation chamber and is used for being communicated with the secondary fermentation chamber.
3. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 2, wherein: the material nozzle is provided with a plurality of, the feed liquid entering and the discharge direction of material nozzle are for following the tangential direction of second grade fermentation chamber outer wall.
4. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 1, wherein: and a quick material port is arranged on the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber and is communicated with the main fermentation chamber.
5. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 1, wherein: and heating coils are arranged on the inner wall of the main fermentation chamber, the outer wall of the secondary fermentation chamber and the bottom of the fermentation shell.
6. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 5, wherein: and the outer wall of the fermentation shell is provided with a heat insulation layer.
7. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 1, wherein: the biogas discharge control device comprises a control cover and an exhaust pipe, wherein the control cover and the exhaust pipe are arranged at the top of the secondary fermentation chamber.
8. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 1, wherein: the top of the main fermentation chamber is communicated with the top of the secondary fermentation chamber through a biogas pipeline, and a pneumatic throttle valve is arranged on the biogas pipeline.
9. The dual-chamber anaerobic fermentation device for high concentration materials of claim 1, wherein: and the secondary fermentation chamber is also internally provided with a short mixing pipe and a long mixing pipe which are communicated with the main fermentation chamber.
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| CN110951598A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-04-03 | 农业农村部规划设计研究院 | Double-chamber anaerobic fermentation device and method suitable for high-concentration materials |
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| CN110951598A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-04-03 | 农业农村部规划设计研究院 | Double-chamber anaerobic fermentation device and method suitable for high-concentration materials |
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Granted publication date: 20200721 |