CN211042858U - SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3Sampling device - Google Patents
SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3Sampling device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3The sampling device mainly comprises a heating sampling gun, a heating filter, a temperature control condensation pipe, a dehumidifying device, a metering device and a sampling pump which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a reinforced phase change system is arranged at the front part of the temperature control condensation pipe, a secondary filter is arranged at the rear part of the temperature control condensation pipe, and the heating filter is connected with the reinforced phase change system through a heating connecting pipe; the temperature control condensation pipe comprises a coiled pipe serving as an inner pipe and an outer pipe used for heating in a water bath; the reinforced phase change system is used for adding water vapor into the flue gas entering the temperature-controlled condensation pipe,increasing the humidity of the flue gas improves the capture rate. The utility model relates to a SO3The sampling device takes SO into account3The size of the condenser pipe and the flue gas humidity in the nucleation and condensation processes are influenced, and the optimized design of the temperature control condenser pipe improves the SO (sulfur oxide) effect of the temperature control condenser pipe3The collection efficiency. Simultaneously adopts the design of 'strengthening phase change and controlling condensation' to carry out SO3The trapping of the flue gas overcomes the defect of low moisture content in the flue gas to SO3The effect of the trapping rate.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to a fixed source flue gas test field relates to an SO that adapts to before and after the transformation of ultralow emission of thermal power plant, around the transformation is administered to the pollutant degree of depth and around, in the full flow flue gas different flue gas humidity, different flue gas temperature, different concentration, different form and flow field complex condition under3A sampling device.
Background
SO3Refers to gaseous SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3Hexavalent sulfur oxides in different forms such as sulfuric acid mist in an aerosol state and soluble sulfate. Active due to chemical nature, SO3The smoke of the thermal power plant has more forms. All kinds of forms of SO3After being discharged into the atmospheric environment, the mixture is instantly converted into condensation nuclei after being cooled to become PM2.5(ii) a When the environment humidity is high and the atmospheric environment is in a static state, the SO3Formed of various types of PM2.5Can absorb moisture and accelerate growth, the extinction capability of the composite material is rapidly increased, and the composite material has an important pushing effect on haze formation. Aiming at SO in flue gas of various coal-fired fixed pollution sources including thermal power plants, aiming at promoting the process of air pollution prevention and treatment work and enhancing the scientificity and effectiveness of the work of preventing and treating the pollution of fine particulate matters in the air3Increasingly, testing, emissions and control research is gaining attention.
Along with the completion of ultralow emission modification of a power plant and the trend of coal market supply, the use amount of the catalyst of the denitration deviceThe increase of the use amount of high-sulfur coal and the partial SO of the thermal power plant3Environmental problems associated with emissions are significant. At present, the thermal power industry focuses on SO pair of equipment such as a low-temperature electric dust collector, an electric bag composite dust collector and a wet desulphurization tower3The synergistic removal of (A) encourages SO3Controls the research and development and popularization of new technology. Therefore, new technology evaluation based on accurate testing becomes a key link of technology popularization. But has active property, variable form and more interference factors to SO with complex smoke conditions3The concentration is scientifically tested, and the method is always a difficult problem in the field of pollution control of fixed sources. SO (SO)3The smoke-free acid mist is active and is very easy to combine with water vapor in smoke to generate acid mist; is easy to adhere and combine with smoke dust and NH3Ammonium sulfate is generated by combination, so that adsorption loss and low loss of particulate matter tracking rate are easily generated in the test process; therefore, the SO with more scientific coverage of the test target, more sensitive and accurate sampling analysis, simpler and more convenient operation and easy popularization3Research on sampling devices is imminent.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3A sampling device.
The utility model discloses a concrete technical scheme as follows:
SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3The sampling device mainly comprises a heating sampling gun, a heating filter, a temperature-control condensing pipe, a dehumidifying device, a metering device and a sampling pump which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a reinforced phase-change system is arranged at the front part of the temperature-control condensing pipe, a secondary filter is arranged at the rear part of the temperature-control condensing pipe, and the heating filter is connected with the reinforced phase-change system through a heating connecting pipe; the temperature control condensation pipe comprises a coiled pipe serving as an inner pipe and an outer pipe used for heating in a water bath; the reinforced phase change system is used for adding water vapor into the flue gas entering the temperature control condensation pipe, so that the humidity of the flue gas is increased, and the capture rate is improved.
Preferably, the intensified phase change system comprises a jet flow mixer and a phase change chamber which are communicated from front to back, the jet flow mixer is provided with two inlets and an outlet, the two inlets are respectively used for connecting steam and a heating connecting pipe, and the phase change chamber is provided with a mixed gas outlet for connecting a temperature control condensing pipe; the steam is supplied to the steam generator from electrically heated vaporized ultrapure water (resistivity up to 18M Ω cm (25 ℃)) at a temperature range of 120 ℃. + -. 2 ℃.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the inner pipe of the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is 4-5mm, the diameter of the inner pipe ring is 30-40mm, the distance of the inner pipe ring is 10-20 mm, and the extension length of the inner pipe is 2400-;
preferably, the inner diameter of the outer pipe of the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is 55-65 mm,
preferably, the inner tube is made of borosilicate glass or quartz, and the outer tube is made of borosilicate glass or quartz.
Preferably, both the heated sampling gun and the heated filter are in the form of electrical heating.
Preferably, a sampling nozzle, a lining material and a connecting pipeline of the heating sampling gun are all made of quartz or borosilicate glass;
preferably, the filter core of the heating filter is made of ceramic material or metal sintering material, and the collection efficiency of the filter core is more than 99.9% for standard particles with the diameter of 1.0 μm.
Preferably, the material of the secondary filter is polytetrafluoroethylene membrane or quartz membrane, and the trapping efficiency of the secondary filter is more than 99.5% for standard particles with the diameter of 0.3 μm.
Preferably, the heating connecting pipe comprises an air guide pipe, a heating device, a heat insulation layer and a temperature control device; the material of the air duct is polytetrafluoroethylene.
In the sampling device, the inner diameter of the inner pipe of the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is 4-5mm, the diameter of the inner pipe ring is 30-40mm, the distance of the inner pipe ring is 10-20 mm, and the extension length of the inner pipe is 2400-3200 mm. Reasonable size design, and is helpful to stably improve SO3The collection efficiency of (1).
The utility model discloses a strengthen phase transition system in order to improve SO3The collection efficiency. According to the humidity of the flue gas in the flue, the required steam addition amount is calculated, so that the moisture content of the flue gas entering the temperature control condensation pipe is controlled to be 275g/m3～360g/m3And (3) a range. Meanwhile, through the design of the size of the phase change chamber in the reinforced phase change system,so as to ensure that the residence time of the flue gas in the strengthening phase change system is not less than 10 seconds. For example, the length, width and height of the phase change chamber are 600mm 50 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
1. the utility model relates to a SO3In the sampling device, SO is considered3Nucleation and condensation are influenced by the size of the condensing tube and the humidity of the flue gas in the condensation control process, and the design of the temperature control condensing tube improves the SO-to-SO ratio of the temperature control condensing tube3The collection efficiency.
2. The utility model discloses adopt among the sampling device "reinforce phase transition + control condensation" design and carry out SO3The trapping of the flue gas overcomes the defect that SO is caused by lower moisture content in the flue gas3Too slow aging rate of condensation nucleus and SO3SO caused by acid mist with particle size less than 1 micron3High penetrability and difficulty in trapping.
3. The utility model provides a heating sampling rifle, heating filter's control by temperature change measure is to SO in the flue gas of thermal power plant3Different concentrations of SO3The chemical property is actively designed. Through 265-280 ℃, SO is avoided3The ammonium sulfate and the ammonium bisulfate are adsorbed in the sampling gun and the filter pipeline, so that the generation of the ammonium sulfate and the ammonium bisulfate is inhibited, and the decomposition of the ammonium sulfate and the ammonium bisulfate is promoted; meanwhile, the sample gas with low smoke temperature can be effectively heated, and conditions are created for subsequent phase change and condensation control.
4. The heating and filtering device of the utility model is used for reacting the flue gas with ammonia to generate a combined form SO3Particulate SO adsorbed with soot3Are all decomposed into gaseous SO3Then carrying out trapping and analysis, SO that in the actual test of the thermal power plant after the ultralow emission modification or the smoke plume treatment modification project is finished, SO is added3The loss is little, and the degree of accuracy is higher, and the good reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows SO in flue gas of a thermal power plant in the example3The structure schematic diagram of the sampling device (also referred to as abstract figure);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature-controlled condenser tube according to an embodiment;
in the figure: 1- (with selectable sampling nozzle) heating the sampling gun; 2-heating the filter; 3-heating the connecting pipe; 4-a steam generator; 5-strengthening the phase change system; 6-pre-tube thermometer and manometer; 7-temperature control condenser pipe; 8-temperature control circulating water bath; 9-a circulating water pump; 10-a secondary filter; 11-a buffer bottle; 12-a dehumidifying unit; 13-Pump front pressure gauge; 14-pre-pump thermometer; 15-dry gas flow meter; 16-a sampling pump;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a heating filter in the embodiment;
in fig. 3: 1-a filter element; 2-an external-wrapped heater; 3-heating the sampling gun.
FIG. 4 is a structure of an enhanced phase change system in an example;
in FIG. 4, 1-steam inlet; 2-a flue gas inlet; 3-a jet mixer; 4-a phase change chamber; 5-mixed gas outlet;
FIG. 5 is SO in example3A generation and verification test device;
in fig. 5: 1-SO2A standard gas bottle; 2-mass flow meter; 3-SO3A catalytic reactor; 4-a steam generator; 5-a condenser pipe; 6-temperature control circulating water bath device; 7-an absorption bottle; 8-drying the bottle; 9-air extraction metering pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in figure 1, the utility model discloses SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3The sampling device mainly comprises a heating sampling gun 1, a heating filter 2, an enhanced phase-change system 5, a temperature control condenser pipe 7, a secondary filter 10, a dehumidifying device 12, a metering device and a sampling pump 16 which are sequentially connected by pipelines, the heating filter 2 and the enhanced phase-change systemThe systems 5 are connected by a heating connecting pipe 3. The strengthening phase change system 5 is arranged in front of the temperature control condensation pipe 7 and is used for adding steam into the flue gas entering the temperature control condensation pipe, increasing the humidity of the flue gas and fully mixing and changing the phase of the steam and the flue gas. The metering device mainly comprises: a pre-pump pressure gauge 13, a pre-pump temperature gauge 14, and a dry gas flow meter 15.
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature-controlled condensation duct 7 includes a coil as an inner duct and an outer duct for water bath heating; the inner tube is made of borosilicate glass or quartz, and the outer tube is made of borosilicate glass or quartz.
The heating sampling gun 1 and the heating filter 2 both adopt an electric heating form. The sampling nozzle, the lining material and the connecting pipeline of the heating sampling gun are all made of quartz or borosilicate glass.
The filter core of the heating filter 2 is made of ceramic materials or metal sintering materials, and the collection efficiency of the filter core is more than 99.9% for standard particles with the diameter of 1.0 mu m.
The material of the secondary filter 10 is polytetrafluoroethylene film or quartz film, and the trapping efficiency of the secondary filter is more than 99.5% for standard particles with the diameter of 0.3 μm.
The heating connecting pipe 3 comprises an air duct, a heating device, a heat insulation layer and a temperature control device; the material of the air duct is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Example two:
in a further optional design of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the intensified phase change system includes a jet mixer 3 and a phase change chamber 4 which are communicated with each other in front and back, the jet mixer 3 is provided with two inlets and one outlet, the steam inlet 1 and the flue gas inlet 2 are respectively used for connecting steam and a heating connection pipe 3, and the phase change chamber 4 is provided with a mixed gas outlet 5 for connecting a temperature control condensation pipe 7; the steam from the steam generator 4 can be electrically heated vaporized ultrapure water (with a resistivity of 18M Ω cm (25 ℃)) and can be supplied to a hot steam inlet or directly to a steam generator 4, the temperature range of which is 120 ℃ + -2 ℃.
Example three:
in a further alternative design of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the inner and outer tubes of the temperature-controlled condenser tube are specifically designed as follows: the inner diameter of the inner pipe of the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is 4-5mm, the diameter of the inner pipe ring is 30-40mm, the distance of the inner pipe ring is 10-20 mm, and the extension length of the inner pipe is 2400-; the inner diameter of the outer pipe of the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is 55-65 mm.
Example four:
in a further alternative design of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the inner and outer tubes of the temperature-controlled condenser tube are specifically designed as follows: the inner diameter of the outer pipe is 60mm, the inner diameter of the inner pipe is 4mm, the diameter of the inner pipe ring is 36mm, the distance between the inner pipe rings is 15mm, and the extension length from the point A to the point B of the inner pipe is not less than 2400 mm. The structure is schematically shown in figure 2. The temperature control condenser pipe with the structure well promotes SO3The probability of the fog drops being trapped in the pipe due to inertial collision is that when the working condition flow rate of the flue gas in the inner pipe is 8.0L/min, the SO in the pipe3The collection efficiency is optimal.
Example five:
this example is further designed alternatively, as shown in fig. 3, the heating filter includes a filter element 1 and an external heater 2, and the filter element 1 is connected to a heating sampling gun 3.
Example six:
the utility model discloses SO in the test flue gas of thermal power plant3The specific sampling process of the sampling device is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a washing recovery solution and a sample storage bottle according to the quantity of samples to be collected; and cleaning the inner pipe of the temperature-controlled condenser pipe and the secondary filter by using tap water, deionized water and acetone in sequence, and placing the temperature-controlled condenser pipe and the secondary filter in a ventilation kitchen for drying for later use. If solid foreign matters which are difficult to clean exist on the temperature control condenser pipe and the secondary filter, the solid foreign matters can be treated by potassium dichromate washing liquor, then sequentially cleaned by deionized water and acetone, and then dried.
Step two: and acquiring basic flue gas parameters of the test section, and determining representative sampling points. The basic flue gas parameters of the test section comprise: flue gas flow rate, flue gas temperature, flue gas humidity, flue gas static pressure and the like. And selecting a measuring point with the flow rate equal to or similar to the average flow rate of the tested section (the relative error is not more than 10%) as a representative sampling point. Testing the requirements of working conditions: the flow change of the test section is not more than 20%/h, and the temperature change is not more than 10 ℃/h. Or the change of the evaporation amount of the boiler is not more than 10%/h, or the change of the coal fed into the boiler is not more than 15%/h.
And thirdly, determining the size of a sampling nozzle and the flow of a sampling pump, selecting a proper diameter of the sampling nozzle according to a formula (1) according to the requirement of constant-speed tracking sampling according to the optimal flue gas flow of the temperature-controlled condenser pipe of 8.0L/min, and determining the flow of the sampling pump according to a formula (3) on the premise of realizing the optimal flue gas flow of the temperature-controlled condenser pipe and the constant-speed tracking sampling.
Step four: and assembling a sampling system, and checking whether the system is air-leakage or not. The leak detection is in accordance with the requirement of the system on-site leak detection in GB/T16157-1996. Heating the device for controlling temperature: and heating the heating sampling gun, the heating filter and the heating connecting pipe to reach a preset temperature. And starting a temperature-control circulating water bath device of the temperature-control condensation pipe, and reaching the preset temperature. The heating temperature of the heating sampling gun and the heating filter is set to be 265-280 ℃. The heating temperature of the heating connecting pipe is set to (130 +/-10) DEG C; the water bath control temperature of the temperature control condensation pipe is set to be (65 +/-1) DEG C.
Step five: and starting sampling after a sampling pump and a steam adding valve of the reinforced phase change system are sequentially started. And determining the steam addition amount of the reinforced phase change system according to the moisture content of sampling points in the pre-tested basic flue gas parameters. The steam adding flow can be selected from 1g/min to 20g/min so as to ensure that the water content in the sampled smoke is not lower than 275g/m3(under dry gas conditions). The size of the phase change chamber in the reinforced phase change system is reasonably designed, so that the residence time of the flue gas in the reinforced phase change system is not less than 10 seconds. For example, the length, width and height of the phase change chamber can be designed to be not less than 600mm 50 mm. And (3) adjusting the flow of the sampling pump in the sampling process until the flow is determined in the step (III).
Step six: after sampling, the temperature control condenser pipe, the secondary filter and the connecting pipeline between the temperature control condenser pipe and the secondary filter are washed three times by using an isopropanol solution with the volume concentration of 80%. And combining and collecting washing solutions and fixing the volume to 250ml to obtain a sample solution. And making a sampling record.
Step seven: SO at the same working condition and the same sampling position3Sampling and measuring three times, wherein the sampling volume is not less than 0.5m3(standard, dry basis). Three times of sampling, in order to eliminate distortion value which may occur, and ensure that the test result is accurateAnd (5) determining.
250ml of isopropanol solution is prepared to a sampling site as a whole-process blank sample during each sampling, and the blank sample and the collected sample are stored together and are taken back to a laboratory for analysis.
Step eight: laboratory analysis of samples.
The pH of the sample solution was adjusted to 3.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution or a perchloric acid solution. 4 drops of thorium reagent indicator were added, titrated with the barium perchlorate standard use solution until the solution turned from orange to pink, and the volume of the added barium perchlorate standard use solution was recorded. And converting into the mass of sulfate radicals in the sample according to a formula.
Step nine: and (6) calculating a result. According to the analysis result of sulfate radical in the sample by thorium reagent titration method, finally converting into SO in the flue gas3And (4) concentration.
Step ten: and (5) quality control. In a sample volume of 0.5m3(standard state, dry basis) and the measured value of the whole process blank sample should not exceed the detection limit by 0.3mg/m3Otherwise, the sampling result is invalid.
Example seven:
in the example, when the flow rate of the flue gas is 13.4m/s, the humidity of the flue gas is 13.0 percent, the temperature of the flue gas is 51 ℃, the pressure in a sampling pump is-15.0 KPa, and the pressure in a temperature-controlled condenser pipe is-5.0 KPa, the diameter of the sampling nozzle is 8.8mm through formula calculation, the sampling nozzle with the diameter of 9mm is selected according to the similar principle, and the pumping capacity of the sampling pump is 8.7L/min to realize constant-speed tracking sampling.
In the embodiment, the strengthened phase change system between the outlet of the heating connecting pipe and the temperature control condensation pipe tests the moisture content of the flue gas to be 5.8% in advance, and the addition amount of the steam is calculated to be 1.7g/min, so that the moisture content in the sampled flue gas in the temperature control condensation pipe is ensured to be not lower than 275g/m3(under dry gas conditions). The length, width and height of the phase change chamber are not less than 600mm 50mm, so that particulate matters and steam in the smoke in the phase change chamber are fully mixed, fully condensed and grown, and the retention time of the smoke in the reinforced phase change system is not less than 10 seconds.
Test example one:
firstly, designing the size of a condensation pipe:
the true bookUsing a novel language MAT L AB according to SO3Performing model optimization calculation on the specific size of the temperature-controlled condenser pipe according to the particle size distribution characteristics; and designing a product according to a calculation result, and carrying out a trapping efficiency comparison experiment with similar products in the market, so as to finally determine the design size of the optimal condensation effect of the temperature-control condensation pipe under the actual flue gas condition.
The verification test device adopts the SO shown in the figure 53Generation and validation "test unit. As shown in FIG. 5, including SO2Sample bottle 1, mass flow meter 2, SO3The device comprises a catalytic reactor 3, a steam generator 4, a condenser pipe 5, a temperature-controlled circulating water bath device 6, an absorption bottle 7, a drying bottle 8 and an air-extracting metering pump 9.
The utility model discloses a phase place Doppler measurement system (PDA), to SO in the actual flue gas3The particle size was observed. In observation, SO is found in the condensing tube 5 under the condition of controlling the temperature to be 60-90 DEG C3The average particle size of aerosol particles is 0.32 μm, the particle size distribution curve does not present standard normal distribution characteristics, the overall curve is relatively flat and is concentrated on [0.08,0.85 ]]Within the range of mum; the humidity condition of the flue gas in the condensing pipe 5 is changed (the water content in the flue gas is 275 g/m)3～360g/m3) After, SO3The particle size of the formed acid mist aerosol particles is shifted to [0.22,1.25 ] after the particles are combined with water molecules in the smoke]μ m interval and fall into the 96% probability. The above particle size distribution characteristics can represent the actual SO analyzed in combination with the observation conditions3The particle size is randomly distributed in the smoke.
The utility model is at [0.22,1.25 ]]SO in the mum interval3On the basis of aerosol particle size distribution characteristics, SO is combined3The aerosol is subjected to four stresses in the condenser tube, namely gravity, buoyancy, Stokes force and centrifugal force, an inversion algorithm program is written based on MAT L AB language, and the optimum size of the condenser tube is simulated with the design goal that more than 95% of SO is used3And when the aerosol particles collide on the tube wall and the collection target is finished, simulating and calculating the optimal combination of the inner tube ring diameter, the inner tube ring distance and the inner tube extension length of the temperature-controlled condenser tube under the precondition that the diameter of the inner tube is 3-10 mm. Via different SO3Number of aerosolAnd (3) carrying out simulation calculation on the amount and the median particle size, and providing a set of temperature control condenser pipe with the highest collection efficiency theoretically: the inner diameter of the outer pipe is 60mm, the inner diameter of the inner pipe is 4mm, the diameter of the inner pipe ring is 36mm, the distance between the inner pipe rings is 15mm, and the extension length of the inner pipe is not less than 2400 mm. In order to distinguish from the similar products on the market, the condenser tube is named as 'design phi 4 glass'.
The dimensions of the condenser tube 5 in the apparatus of fig. 5 were changed as shown in the following table, and "design Φ 4 glass" was compared with 3 other similar products in the market: comparison and verification tests of the trapping efficiency of 'market phi 6 quartz', 'market phi 4 glass' and 'market phi 3 quartz' are carried out.
Table 1 verification of the control dimensions of four different types of temperature-controlled condensation in the experiment
The results of the capture efficiency validation alignment test are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 comparison of trapping efficiencies of different serpentine tubes
As can be seen from the above table, in the 4 kinds of condenser tubes, the designed phi 4 glass trapping efficiency is very high, and the designed trapping efficiency is basically achieved; the results of this experiment also demonstrate that: the trapping efficiency of the temperature-controlled condenser tube is directly related to the ring diameter and the inner diameter of the inner tube. The utility model provides a can stably reach SO when condenser pipe inner tube diameter design size is 4-5mm, inner tube circle footpath is 30-40mm3And testing the actual requirements.
II, flue gas flow rate of a condensation pipe:
the utility model adopts the SO shown in figure 53And generating and verifying a test device to obtain the optimal flow rate of the temperature-controlled condenser tube to the designed phi 4 glass.
Different sampling flow rate will shadowThe condensation effect of the acid mist and the centrifugal force in the serpentine tube. In SO3On a generation and verification test device, aiming at a 'design phi 4 glass' temperature control condenser tube, trapping efficiency observation experiments with the flow rate in the tube of 5L/min, 7L/min, 8L/min, 9L/min and 12L/min are respectively carried out.
TABLE 3 test results of trapping efficiency of temperature-controlled condenser tube at different inner tube flows
As can be seen from the above table, when the flow rate of the inner tube is 8L/min, the trapping effect of the temperature-controlled condenser tube is the best, and the SO collected on the secondary membrane by penetrating through the temperature-controlled condenser tube is the best3The amount is minimal. This shows that in practical operation, the flue gas flow velocity in the temperature-controlled condenser pipe should not be too large or too small: excessive flow of SO3The air flow is brought out of the temperature-controlled condenser pipe due to overlarge flow velocity; over-small flow of SO3In the absence of sufficient centrifugal force, inertial separation cannot be achieved. Due to SO3Is easy to be adsorbed on the inner wall of the sampling pipeline, SO SO should be absorbed as much as possible3The optimal inner tube flow rate of the 'design phi 4 glass' temperature-controlled condenser tube is determined to be 8L/min.
Thirdly, designing the diameter of a sampling nozzle and the flow rate of a sampling pump
The utility model discloses select the experimental result according to accuse temperature condenser pipe size ratio experiment and the best velocity of flow of accuse temperature condenser pipe, given the method of confirming sampling mouth diameter, sampling pump flow to ensure to enough guarantee the best entrapment efficiency of accuse temperature condenser pipe in experiment operation process, guarantee the constant speed simultaneously again and trail the sampling.
The determination of the sampling nozzle is divided into two steps: firstly, determining the flow of a sampling nozzle; secondly, determining the size of the sampling nozzle according to the flow speed of the flue gas and the flow of the sampling nozzle.
Firstly, determining the flow of a sampling nozzle:
in the formula:
Vnozzlel/min as the working condition flow of the sampling nozzle;
8.0, which is the flue gas flow in the temperature-controlled condenser pipe, L/min;
tgasthe temperature is the flue gas temperature and is obtained by testing basic flue gas parameters;
Pgasstatic pressure of flue gas, Pa, obtained by testing basic flue gas parameters;
tcondenserthe temperature is controlled by the temperature of the flue gas in the condensation pipe, and the temperature is obtained by reading through an inserted thermometer;
Pcondenserthe static pressure Pa of the flue gas in the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is obtained by reading through an inserted pressure gauge;
Balocal atmospheric pressure, Pa, obtained by reading from an atmospheric pressure gauge;
secondly, determining the size of the sampling nozzle according to the flow of the sampling nozzle:
in the formula:
dnozzle-sampling mouth diameter, mm;
Vgas-flue gas flow rate at sampling points, m/s; obtained by testing basic smoke parameters;
4.608-scaling factor.
The determination of the sampling flow rate of the sampling pump is calculated by equation 3:
in the formula:
Vpump-sampling pump sampling flow (condition), L/min;
tpump-sampling pump meterPre-temperature, deg.C; measured by the thermometer 14;
tcondenser-controlling the water bath temperature of the water bath apparatus at ° c;
Ba-local atmospheric pressure, Pa; directly reading an atmospheric pressure gauge to obtain the gas pressure;
Pcondenserthe static pressure of the flue gas at the inlet of the temperature control condensation pipe is Pa; measured by a tube front pressure gauge 6;
Ppump-the sampling pump meters the front pressure, Pa; measured by the pressure gauge 13;
Xsw-flue gas humidity,%; the method is obtained by testing basic smoke parameters;
8.0-optimum flow rate (working condition) of the temperature-controlled condenser tube, L/min.
And (2) test implementation II:
in thermal power plant SO3In test practice and in denitration catalyst laboratories, insufficient flue gas humidity is often encountered, as is the case for SO3The trapping brings larger errors, even partial denitration catalyst platform is lack of moisture because the flue gas is gas distribution, SO that the SO in the denitration catalyst platform cannot be tested by a condensation control method3And (4) concentration.
SO based on FIG. 53The generation and verification test device carries out verification test on the influence factors of the smoke humidity. 5 different flue gas humidity working conditions are set according to the actual flue gas condition of the coal-fired power plant, and the influence verification test is carried out under the conditions of different water contents. The specific results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 flue gas water content influence factor verification test
If the smoke lacks moisture, SO is probably caused3H can not be formed when condensation occurs in temperature drop2SO4Fog droplets, naturally, do not realize SO3And (4) fully trapping. As can be seen from table 4, the flue gas moisture content should not be less than 20% at the 65 ℃ water bath temperature, otherwise the capture efficiency would be significantly affected. The present application thus proposesAnd determining the moisture content of the flue gas and determining the steam addition amount of the reinforced phase change system. The steam adding flow is generally 1 g/min-10 g/min, and the water content in the sampling smoke after adding is ensured to be 275g/m3～360g/m3(under dry gas conditions) is beneficial to increasing SO3The collection efficiency of (1).
Case one:
a power plant is provided with a 2 × 300MW air-cooled coal-fired power generator set, 2 1053t/h pulverized coal boilers are configured, the power plant carries out environment-friendly comprehensive transformation on the units due to coal quality change and new smoke emission requirements, the smoke part transformation mainly comprises the steps of additionally arranging a smoke cooler at an inlet of an electric dust remover and reducing the smoke temperature at the inlet of the electric dust remover, 2 double-chamber four-electric-field electrostatic dust removers originally matched with the power plant are adopted, the ash amount is greatly increased due to the fact that the actual combustion heat value is far lower than that of designed mixed coal at present, the power plant carries out capacity-increasing and efficiency-improving transformation on electric dust removers of a #3 furnace and a #4 furnace in 2016, and the electric dust remover transformation engineering integrates the latest technologies of a low-temperature coal economizer.
The test method is verified and arranged on the outlet flue of the electric dust collector. According to the requirements of GB/T16157-. And simultaneously testing sampling point smoke parameters: the smoke temperature is 112 ℃, the smoke flow rate is 12.4m/s, and the smoke humidity is 7.6%.
The test load is 300MW full load, and two sets of SO in the flue gas of the thermal power plant are used in experimental verification3A sampling device: the first device is the sampling device in the first embodiment, and the heating temperature of the filter is 265 ℃; the second equipment is a preposed smoke dust filtering device commonly used by domestic monitoring units, namely: and a smoke filter is arranged at the sampling nozzle, and the temperature is 112 ℃ which is the actual temperature of the flue gas.
TABLE 5 different temperature control measures vs. SO3Sample result verification test
From the upper table, the utility model discloses the device is to SO3The test has better trapping effect and test repeatability. The standard deviation estimated based on 6 samples under the same working condition on site is lower than 1.5mg/m in both the post-smoke filtering mode and the pre-filtering method3The test result is proved to have good consistency; however, the results of two sets of equipment tests are compared, and the SO is performed by adopting a 265 ℃ heating and filtering mode3And in the test, the final test result is obviously higher than that of the front-mounted unheated filtering mode. The main reason is that the flue gas temperature is 112 ℃, and SO is generated under the condition of the flue gas temperature3Is in a condensed state and is very easy to react with smoke dust and NH3Are combined together. By means of a pre-filter, SO3Will be filtered together with smoke dust, etc., resulting in larger test error.
And SO is carried out by adopting a post-heating and filtering mode3Sampling, SO adsorbed on particulate matter3The (NH) can be converted to4)2SO4And (NH)4)HSO4Decomposition is carried out to lead various forms of SO in the flue gas3Can be tested. The test results show that the result of the post-heating (265 ℃) mode is 111.8% higher than that of the pre-heating and non-heating filtering mode, and the difference of the results is obvious to SO3The evaluation result of the removal technology brings about a large influence. Therefore, SO cannot be ignored3And designing temperature control measures in the sampling process.
Case two:
the capacity of the #2 unit of the B power plant is 300 MW. The boiler is an n-shaped steam drum boiler with subcritical parameters, control circulation, a four-corner tangential combustion mode, primary intermediate reheating, single-hearth balanced ventilation, solid slag discharge, open-air arrangement and an all-steel framework, and is designed and manufactured by Shanghai boiler plants. The ash removal system is pneumatic ash removal. The electric dust remover of the unit is improved by a low-temperature coal economizer.
The test method is verified and arranged on the flue of the outlet of the smoke cooler at the inlet of the unit electric dust remover, and the test is as follows: theThe smoke temperature is 93 ℃, the flow rate of the smoke is 14.5m/s, the humidity of the smoke is 7.7 percent, and the inlet SO2The concentration is 3200mg/m3。
Two sets of SO were used in experimental validation3A sampling device:
one set is the sampling device in the first embodiment;
one set of sampling device does not install and strengthens the phase transition system, and other subassemblies are the same with the sampling device in embodiment one, promptly: the flue gas directly enters the temperature-controlled condenser pipe from the heating connecting pipe. The results of the validation tests are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 lower moisture content in flue gas of thermal power plant vs. SO3Sample result verification test
As can be seen from the above table, (1) SO is performed by means of enhanced phase transition3And testing, wherein the final test result is obviously higher than the non-strengthened phase transition. That is, the enhanced phase change greatly contributes to SO in low humidity flue gas conditions3And (4) trapping. The main reason is that the humidity of the flue gas is 7.7% and lower. SO under the humidity condition of the flue gas3Once condensation is controlled, the situation of water vapor struggle is easy to occur; if the humidity in the flue gas is insufficient, SO will be generated3The acid mist has a too small particle size, resulting in poor trapping effect. (2) The utility model discloses the device is to SO3The test has better test repeatability. Based on the estimation standard deviation of 8 samples under the same working condition on site, the standard deviation is all lower than 2mg/m3It has fine uniformity to show the test result, explains the utility model provides a testing arrangement leads to SO3The loss factor is effectively controlled. SO (sulfur oxide) by adopting' strengthening phase change + controlling condensation3Is an important innovation point of the utility model. It strengthens SO by making supersaturated water vapour environment3Phase change, overcomes the defect of SO caused by low moisture content in the original flue gas3Rapid aging of condensation nucleusToo slow and SO3SO caused by acid mist with particle size less than 1 micron3The penetration is strong and the collection is difficult, thereby improving the SO of the temperature control condenser pipe3The collection efficiency. The result of the verification test shows that the utility model discloses the intensive technical measure who takes has gained better effect.
Case three:
and C, the #1 unit of the power plant implements the transformation of the ultralow emission of the flue gas. The technical scheme mainly adopted is a low-temperature dust remover and a desulfurization high-efficiency dust removing technology. The smoke content requirement of the outlet of the electric dust collector is as follows: under the condition that the smoke temperature is 90 +/-1 ℃, the smoke content is not higher than 15mg/Nm3 when the design coal type and the check 1 coal type are used for boiler combustion; when the boiler is used for checking 2 kinds of coal, the check is not carried out according to 15mg/Nm 3. Under the condition that the low-temperature economizer normally operates (90 +/-1 ℃) and the content of flue dust at the desulfurization inlet is not higher than 15mg/Nm3, the content of flue dust at the FGD outlet is not higher than 5mg/Nm 3. The unit is subjected to design verification tests of coupling of different temperature control condenser pipe sizes and sampling pump flow.
Two sets of SO in flue gas of thermal power plant are used in experimental verification3A sampling device:
the first device is the sampling device in the first embodiment, and the size of the temperature-control condensation pipe is specified in the fourth embodiment;
the fourth equipment is SO provided for a certain domestic company3The inner diameter of an outer pipe of the sampling device is 86mm, the inner diameter of an inner pipe is 6mm, the diameter of an inner pipe ring is 48mm, the distance between the inner pipe rings is 20mm, and the extension length from a point A to a point B of the inner pipe is about 2400 mm. The results of the validation experiment are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 different condenser tube size vs. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3Sample result verification test
As can be seen from the table above, the test result of the first device is significantly higher than that of the fourth device, and the test result is higher than 74.0%; its standard deviation based on 8 samples is also significantly lower than device three. SO in different units and different equipment3The test results have large differences, and the most important is thatExisting domestic and foreign SO3The sampling device provider is not well concerned with and interprets the SO3Mechanism of condensation nucleation, but of SO3The generation process was treated as a black box and external test condition was investigated. This effectively ignores the high concentration of SO under complex flue gas conditions2Water-soluble salt of particulate matter (especially fine particulate matter), and flue gas humidity and temperature in SO3Effects in condensation nucleation. Therefore, the coupling between the size design of the temperature control condensation pipe and the air pumping amount is lacked in the design process. And the utility model is actually measuring SO3Obtaining specific parameters based on the particle size distribution, carrying out simulation optimization calculation according to MAT L AB language, and based on accurately measured SO3The verification test of the generating device shows that the design of 'controlling the size of the condensing pipe, the optimal flow and the pumping air quantity' in a ring-and-ring buckling mode has a good trapping effect.
Case four:
the D power plant # 1 unit implements the flue gas ultra-low emission technology, but due to uneven denitration flow, the ammonia injection amount is too large, and the ammonia escape monitor displays NH at the outlet of the SCR3The concentration was 3.4 ppm. And a temperature control measure verification test is carried out at the SCR outlet of the unit.
Use of SO in Experimental validation3The sampling devices are the sampling devices in the first embodiment, except that the heating temperature of the heating sampling gun and the heating temperature of the post-filter in the verification experiment A are set to be 265 ℃; the heating temperature of the heating sampling gun and the post-filter in the verification experiment B is set to be 180 ℃. The other test procedures were carried out as specified in example six. The results of the validation tests are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 verification test results of different temperature control measures
As can be seen from the above table, the test result of the verification experiment A is significantly higher than that of the verification experiment B, the test result of the SO3 in the former is 52.5% higher than that in the latter, and no SO is detected in the post-filter smoke dust4 2-. In the presence of higher NH3In the environment of flue gas due to NH3Is very easy to react with SO3Reaction to form (NH)4)2SO4And (NH)4)HSO4(both amounts of formation are determined by NH)3With SO3The amount of the substance varies depending on the ratio). The flue gas sampling gun and the post filter are heated to more than 260 ℃, and NH can be obviously inhibited3With SO3The reaction occurs because even (NH) is formed4)2SO4And (NH)4)HSO4And also decomposes again due to its thermal instability. SO from post-filter soot4 2-The mass concentration analysis also shows that the post-filter is heated to more than 260 ℃, SO that SO can be effectively inhibited3The adsorption loss on the particles can increase SO3Capture efficiency of the pair of SO3The test accuracy improvement is greatly influenced.
Case five:
the #3 unit of the E power plant implements the transformation of ultralow emission of flue gas, and the unit takes an efficient dust removal-desulfurization integrated facility as a core technology for controlling ultralow emission of particulate matters, and is not provided with a wet electric dust collector for further removal test. Middle-high sulfur coal for combustion, desulfurization inlet SO2The concentration is 4500mg/m3. Constant-speed tracking sampling verification tests are carried out at the desulfurization outlet of the unit.
Use of SO in Experimental validation3The sampling devices are all the sampling devices in the first embodiment, except that the test steps in the verification test C are executed according to the regulations in the first embodiment, and the actual flow rate at the sampling nozzle is equal to the flue gas flow rate of 18.7 m/s; in the verification experiment D, a constant-speed tracking mode is not selected for sampling, reasonable metering and selection of a sampling pump and a sampling nozzle are not performed, and the actual flow rate at the sampling nozzle is 11.2m/s and is lower than the flow rate of flue gas. The results of the validation tests are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 verification test results of constant velocity tracking mode
As can be seen from the above table, the test result of the verification experiment C adopting isokinetic tracking sampling is obviously higher than that of the experimentEvidence for SO in experiment D, the former3The test results were 38.6% higher than the latter. In actual flue gas, especially in flue gas after desulfurization, SO is sprayed by slurry in the desulfurization tower3The form of the particles exists' sulfuric acid mist-sulfuric acid fog drops-particulate matter adsorption state SO3Ammonium salt bound SO3"and the like. Sulfuric acid mist, sulfuric acid fog drops and particulate adsorption SO3Ammonium salt bound SO3And exists in the form of particles in the actual smoke. Then, to increase SO3The accuracy of the test results must be achieved in a constant velocity tracking manner. Because, only isokinetic tracking sampling can get all particulate matter into the sampling nozzle. In the verification experiment D, the actual flow rate at the sampling nozzle is lower than the flue gas flow rate, SO that part of SO is inevitably generated3The result is that the test result is low without entering the sampling system. Therefore, in view of SO3Various complex forms exist in actual flue gas and are often presented in a particle form, and the constant-speed tracking sampling is adopted to improve SO3The necessary measure of sampling accuracy. Certainly, because accuse temperature condenser pipe size has set for, want to take constant speed to follow the sampling, must follow according to the utility model provides a method carries out the calculation of sampling pump exhaust volume and the selection of sampling mouth.
Claims (10)
1. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant3Sampling device mainly includes the heating sampling rifle, heating filter, accuse temperature condenser pipe, dehydrating unit, metering device and the sampling pump that connect gradually by the pipeline, its characterized in that: the front part of the temperature control condensation pipe is also provided with a reinforced phase change system, the rear part of the temperature control condensation pipe is also provided with a secondary filter, and the heating filter and the reinforced phase change system are connected by a heating connecting pipe; the temperature control condensation pipe comprises a coiled pipe serving as an inner pipe and an outer pipe used for heating in a water bath; the reinforced phase change system is used for adding water vapor into the flue gas entering the temperature control condensation pipe, so that the humidity of the flue gas is increased, and the capture rate is improved.
2. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 13Sampling device, its characterized in that: the reinforced phase change system bagThe device comprises a jet mixer and a phase change chamber which are communicated from front to back, wherein the jet mixer is provided with two inlets and an outlet, the two inlets are respectively used for connecting steam and a heating connecting pipe, and the phase change chamber is provided with a mixed gas outlet for connecting a temperature control condensing pipe; the jet mixer is connected to the inlet of the hot steam or directly into a steam generator.
3. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 1 or 23Sampling device, its characterized in that: the inner diameter of the inner pipe of the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is 4-5mm, the diameter of the inner pipe ring is 30-40mm, the distance of the inner pipe ring is 10-20 mm, and the extension length of the inner pipe is 2400-3200 mm.
4. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 33Sampling device, its characterized in that: the inner diameter of the outer pipe of the temperature-controlled condensation pipe is 55-65 mm.
5. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 33Sampling device, its characterized in that: the inner tube is made of borosilicate glass or quartz, and the outer tube is made of borosilicate glass or quartz.
6. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 53Sampling device, its characterized in that: the heating sampling gun and the heating filter both adopt an electric heating mode.
7. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 63Sampling device, its characterized in that: the sampling nozzle, the lining material and the connecting pipeline of the heating sampling gun are all made of quartz or borosilicate glass.
8. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 33Sampling device, its characterized in that: the material of the secondary filter is polytetrafluoroethylene film or quartz film, and the trapping efficiency of the secondary filter is more than 99.5% for standard particles with the diameter of 0.3 mu m.
9. Thermal power plant smoke according to claim 8SO in gas3Sampling device, its characterized in that: the filter core of the heating filter is made of ceramic materials or metal sintering materials, and the trapping efficiency of the filter core is more than 99.9% for standard particles with the diameter of 1.0 mu m.
10. SO in flue gas of thermal power plant according to claim 13Sampling device, its characterized in that: the heating connecting pipe comprises an air guide pipe, a heating device, a heat insulation layer and a temperature control device, and the air guide pipe is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
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| CN114002047B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2024-04-12 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco product aerosol condensation trapping extraction device and trapping extraction method |
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