CN210956948U

CN210956948U - Metamaterial, deicing device, radar cover and aircraft

Info

Publication number: CN210956948U
Application number: CN201921251792.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘若鹏; 刘智敏; 赵治亚; 田华; 安迪; 商院芳
Original assignee: Shenzhen Guangqi High End Equipment Technology Research And Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Guangqi High End Equipment Technology Research And Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-05
Filing date: 2019-08-05
Publication date: 2020-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-05

Abstract

The utility model provides a metamaterial, including the bed material layer and stack the sheetmetal on the bed material layer, periodic gap has been seted up at the unidirectional orientation to the sheetmetal, and wherein, bed material layer and sheetmetal form a whole jointly, and wholly have binding post at the ascending end connection of folk prescription to through binding post and external power source switch-on, form electrically conductive route and carry out the electrical heating with the characteristic that utilizes metal ohmic heating. Furthermore, the utility model also provides a radome and aircraft. The utility model provides a technical scheme carries out specific structural design with the sheetmetal, makes it both as the electrical heating unit, possesses electrical heating deicing function, as the electromagnetic modulation structure again, allows the electromagnetic signal transmission of electromagnetism transceiver within range of working frequency band, nevertheless shields the electromagnetic wave outside the working frequency band scope, suppresses clutter signal's interference.

Description

Metamaterial, deicing device, radar cover and aircraft

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a material field, more specifically relates to a metamaterial, radome and aircraft.

Background

Icing of an aviation aircraft in the flying process is a physical phenomenon which widely exists, and is one of the major hidden dangers of flight safety accidents. When the aircraft flies under the condition of lower than icing weather, supercooled water drops in the atmosphere impact the surface of the aircraft, and are easy to desublimate and form ice on the surfaces of parts of the protruding parts of the aircraft body, such as wing leading edges, rotors, tail rotor leading edges, an engine air inlet, an airspeed tube, aircraft windshield glass, an antenna housing and the like. The icing of the aircraft can not only increase the weight, but also destroy the aerodynamic appearance of the aircraft surface, change the streaming flow field, destroy the aerodynamic performance, cause the maximum lift force of the aircraft to be reduced, increase the flight resistance, reduce the flight performance, and cause fatal threat to the flight safety under severe conditions. In addition, for military aircraft, like unmanned aerial vehicle, cargo airplane etc. icing will directly restrict its flight area, very big influence its operational capability. Therefore, the critical parts which are easy to freeze must be protected from deicing.

The existing deicing method mainly comprises the following steps: hot air deicing, mechanical deicing, microwave deicing and electrothermal deicing. However, the hot gas deicing method adopting engine air bleed needs to design a complex air supply pipeline, distributes the hot gas bled by the engine air compressor to the part needing deicing, and affects the power and the working efficiency of the engine; the pneumatic appearance of the aircraft can be damaged by a mechanical deicing method of crushing an ice layer by adopting contraction and expansion of the air bag and the expansion pipe, and the deicing is not thorough; microwave deicing is easy to be captured by radar; in addition, the conventional electrothermal deicing generally adopts metal foils, metal wires, conductive metal films, resistance wires and the like as an electric heating unit, and is not suitable for parts needing an electromagnetic transmission function.

Therefore, how to realize deicing and having an electromagnetic modulation function on an aircraft to ensure transmission of electromagnetic signals has become a pain point problem that needs to be solved urgently in the industry.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To above problem, the utility model provides a metamaterial, wherein, metamaterial includes the bed material layer and superposes metal sheet layer on the bed material layer, metal sheet layer has seted up periodic gap in the single direction, wherein, the bed material layer with metal sheet layer forms a whole jointly, just whole end connection on the single direction has binding post, and passes through binding post and external power source switch-on form the electrically conductive route and carry out electric heating with the characteristic that utilizes metal circular telegram heating.

Preferably, the metamaterial further comprises a first prepreg layer, and the first prepreg layer is bonded with the metal sheet layer through a layer of adhesive.

Preferably, the metamaterial further comprises a second prepreg layer bonded to the base material layer by a layer of adhesive.

Preferably, the metamaterial further comprises a sandwich layer, and the sandwich layer is bonded with the second prepreg layer through a glue film.

Preferably, the metamaterial further comprises a third prepreg layer, and the third prepreg layer is bonded with the sandwich layer through a glue film.

Preferably, the gap runs through whole sheet metal layer, be parallel to each other between many gaps, each gap all is the linear type.

Preferably, the gap runs through whole sheet metal layer, be parallel to each other between many gaps, each gap includes the V-arrangement gap that a plurality of orders connect gradually, the opening angle in V-arrangement gap is greater than 0 degree and is less than or equal to 180 degrees.

Preferably, the gap runs through whole sheet metal layer, be parallel to each other between many gaps, each gap includes a plurality of sine wave form gaps that connect gradually in proper order.

Additionally, the utility model also provides a defroster, wherein, defroster includes above arbitrary any one the metamaterial.

Additionally, the utility model also provides a radome, wherein, radome includes above arbitrary any metamaterial.

Furthermore, the utility model also provides an aircraft, wherein, aircraft includes any one above the metamaterial.

The utility model provides a metal route that technical scheme switched on through the design and to the specific design of metal route, solve current electric heat deicing mode because of the metal level can't realize electromagnetic signal transmission's a difficult problem to electromagnetic signal shielding, can restrain the interference of the external electromagnetic signal outside the inside electromagnetic transceiver working frequency channel of part simultaneously, thereby make and become possible like microwave millimeter wave antenna at the position overall arrangement electromagnetic transceiver that possesses good electromagnetic transmission field of vision, and then for the aircraft towards many sensing integration, the basis is established in trend development such as full airspace perception, further promote the full information chain link up that high-end aviation was equipped.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure comprised by a metamaterial according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another multi-layer structure included in a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic two-dimensional cross-sectional view of another multi-layer stack comprised by a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a metal sheet layer 2 made of a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which periodic gaps are formed in the horizontal direction;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TE polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial in the TM polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a metal sheet layer 2 made of a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which periodic gaps are formed in a vertical direction;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial of FIG. 7 under TE polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial in the TM polarization with the incident angle theta of FIG. 7 according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of a first V-shaped slit structure on a metal sheet layer 2 included in a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial of FIG. 10 in TE polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial of FIG. 10 in TM polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of a second V-shaped slit structure on the metal sheet layer 2 included in the metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TE polarization in fig. 13 at an incident angle theta equal to 0 ° according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TM polarization in the second embodiment of the present invention when the incident angle theta is 0 °;

fig. 16 is a schematic view of a third V-shaped slit structure on the metal sheet layer 2 included in the metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TE polarization in fig. 16 under an incident angle theta equal to 0 ° according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TM polarization in the second embodiment of the present invention when the incident angle theta is 0 °;

fig. 19 is a schematic view of a sinusoidal slit structure on the metal sheet layer 2 included in the metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TE polarization in fig. 19 in the second embodiment of the present invention when the incident angle theta is 0 °;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial in the TM polarization shown in fig. 19 according to the second embodiment of the present invention when the incident angle theta is equal to 0 °.

Detailed Description

The following examples are presented to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure included in a metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the utility model discloses a many stromatolite structural design are adopted to the metamaterial, it is specific, the metamaterial includes base material layer 1 and superposes sheetmetal 2 on base material layer 1, periodic gap has been seted up at the horizontal direction to sheetmetal 2, the electrically conductive intercommunication structure of metal that has the horizontal direction, wherein, base material layer 1 forms a whole with sheetmetal 2 jointly, and whole end connection on the horizontal direction has binding post 3, and put through with external power supply through two binding post 3, form electrically conductive route, utilize metal ohmic heating's characteristic can carry out electric heating to the position that easily freezes. The base material layer 1 may be a flexible base material layer or a rigid base material layer, and the specific requirement is determined according to an actual application scenario, for example, if the metamaterial is applied to a curved surface, the flexible base material layer is required, and if the metamaterial is applied to a plane, the rigid base material layer or the flexible base material layer may be selected. The base material layer 1 has excellent insulating property, high and low temperature resistance, good mechanical properties such as stretching and the like, a whole formed by the base material layer 1 and the metal sheet layer 2 is called a metal soft board, the end part of the metal soft board in the horizontal direction is connected with the wiring terminal 3, the wiring terminal 3 can be connected with metal on the metal sheet layer 2 in a welding mode, or in other connection modes, the metal on the metal sheet layer 2 can be electrically connected with the metal on the wiring terminal 3, the two wiring terminals 3 are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of an external power supply through power lines, so that a conductive path structure can be formed between the metal on the metal sheet layer 2, the two wiring terminals 3, the power lines and the external power supply, the external power supply passes through the electric path structure, and the electric heating is carried out by utilizing.

As shown in fig. 1, in the metal flexible board, the metal (i.e., the metal sheet layer 2) on the substrate material layer 1 is etched by an etching process, so that periodic gaps are formed in a complete metal sheet in the horizontal direction, the gaps penetrate through the whole metal sheet layer, a plurality of gaps are parallel to each other, and each gap is linear; or the gaps penetrate through the whole metal sheet layer, a plurality of gaps are parallel to each other, each gap comprises a plurality of V-shaped gaps which are sequentially connected, and the opening angle of each V-shaped gap is larger than 0 degree and smaller than or equal to 180 degrees; or the gaps penetrate through the whole metal sheet layer, a plurality of gaps are parallel to each other, and each gap comprises a plurality of sine wave-shaped gaps which are sequentially connected.

On the base material layer 1, metal is reserved in the area, which is not etched away, of the metal sheet layer 2, and the reserved metal in the metal sheet layer 2 forms a metal conductive communication structure in the horizontal direction, wherein the communication structure is a horizontal direction communication structure with periodic arrangement.

As shown in fig. 1, the metamaterial further includes a first prepreg layer 4 and a second prepreg layer 5, which are respectively bonded to the front surface and the back surface of the metal flexible board through two layers of adhesives 6, specifically, the first prepreg layer 4 is bonded to the front surface of the metal sheet layer 2 through one layer of adhesives 6, the back surface of the metal sheet layer 2 is overlapped with the front surface of the base material layer 1, and the second prepreg layer 5 is bonded to the back surface of the base material layer 1 through another layer of adhesives 6. The prepregs in the first prepreg layer 4 and the second prepreg layer 5 are glass or quartz fiber prepregs, so that the effects of insulation, strength support and the like are achieved, and the two layers of the adhesive 6 are used for better adhering the first prepreg layer 4 and the second prepreg layer 5 to the front surface and the back surface of the metal soft board.

In this embodiment, the metal sheet layer 2 has a periodically arranged metal conductive connection structure in the horizontal direction, and the periodically arranged metal connection structure is prepared by etching the metal on the substrate material layer 1 in the metal flexible board through an etching process, so that a periodic gap is formed in the horizontal direction on a complete metal sheet. The gap type metal structure pattern can generate electrons which can flow without restriction under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves, and has the electromagnetic modulation function of single polarization wide cut-off, cross polarization low pass and quick cut-off from the aspect of frequency response characteristic, and the mechanism of the electromagnetic modulation function is expressed in the following concrete aspects:

a) when low-frequency electromagnetic waves with the electric field direction parallel to the one-way gap irradiate the surface of the gap type metal structure pattern, a large amount of electrons are excited to freely move along the direction of the metal sheet, so that most of energy is absorbed by the electrons, and the induced current around the gap is very small, the transmission capability of the electromagnetic waves is weak, the transmission coefficient is relatively low, and the cut-off is strong. In addition, because the metal sheet is wide, electrons can freely move on the metal sheet in a wide frequency range, and the characteristic of wide-frequency cutoff is shown;

b) when the electromagnetic wave of electric field direction perpendicular to one-way gap shines at that time, low frequency electromagnetic wave cycle is long, and the electric field direction change is slower, and one-way gap can be in same charged state in the longer time, can't constitute the radiation return circuit, until the electric field direction changes, therefore, the electron of one-way gap border only absorbs a little partial energy, and electromagnetic transmission ability is stronger. The high-frequency incident wave condition is just opposite, because the high-frequency electromagnetic wave period is short, the direction change of the electric field is accelerated, so that electrons in metal oscillate continuously, most energy is absorbed, the transmission capability is weakened, the transmission coefficient is lowered, and the characteristics of low-frequency wave transmission and quick cut-off are shown. In addition, since the gap is narrow, in the case of only a low frequency, the one-way gap maintains a stable charged state, and as the frequency becomes higher, electrons around the gap oscillate rapidly, and the transmission capability decreases rapidly, thereby exhibiting the characteristics of low-frequency wave-transmitting and high-frequency rapid-cutoff.

In this embodiment, the surface of the slit-type metal structure pattern can be freely combined with slit non-connected annular metal surface infinitesimals and patch-type metal surface infinitesimals, thereby realizing the required electromagnetic modulation characteristics. The utility model discloses combine electromagnetic transceiver's electromagnetic response characteristic and structure, intensity requirement, carry out the material selection to the composite bed that contains electrical heating and electromagnetic modulation function to integrated design such as thickness, metal structure pattern realizes the integrated part of structure, intensity and compound electrical heating and electromagnetic modulation function.

In this embodiment, according to the requirements of structural strength, electromagnetic control performance, and the like, a new combined dielectric layer may be further added to the metamaterial, as shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another multi-layer structure included in the metamaterial according to the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 2, a dotted frame a represents the meta-material in fig. 1, and a dotted frame B represents the added combined dielectric layer. On the basis of the metamaterial structure shown in fig. 1, the metamaterial in fig. 2 further includes a sandwich layer 87 and a third prepreg layer 98, wherein one surface of the sandwich layer 87 is bonded to the second prepreg layer 65 through one adhesive film 109, and the third prepreg layer 98 is bonded to the other surface of the sandwich layer 87 through another adhesive film 109. In this embodiment, for the newly added combined dielectric layer, in order to achieve more excellent electromagnetic modulation performance, the metal flexible board (i.e. the base material layer 1 and the metal sheet layer 2 together form an integral body) shown in fig. 1 may be embedded in the core layer 87 or the third prepreg layer 98 as an electromagnetic modulation layer.

Fig. 3 is a schematic two-dimensional cross-sectional view of another multi-layer stack comprised by a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic two-dimensional cross-sectional view of a multi-layer metamaterial formed by laminating the multi-layer structures shown in fig. 2, where the metamaterial structure shown in fig. 3 is a sandwich structure integrating functions of deicing and electromagnetic modulation and a structure bearing function, and includes 9 layers, and specifically, the first prepreg layer 4 has a thickness d from top to bottom₁A layer of adhesive 6 having a thickness d₂The thickness of the metal flexible board (comprising the base material layer 1 and the metal sheet layer 2) is d₃The other layer of adhesive 6 has a thickness d₄The second prepreg layer 5 has a thickness d₅The thickness of one layer of glue film 9 is d₆The thickness of the sandwich layer 7 is d₇The thickness of the other glue film 9 is d₈The thickness of the third prepreg layer 8 is d₉。

Wherein, the prepregs in the first prepreg layer 4, the second prepreg layer 5 and the third prepreg layer 8 are quartz fiber cyanate ester prepregs with low dielectric and low loss, and have high wave-transmitting and bearing functions, and simultaneously, the first prepreg layer 4, the second prepreg layer 5 and the third prepreg layer 8 are all good skin materials, the first prepreg layer 4 and the second prepreg layer 5 can be used as outer skin materials, the third prepreg layer 8 can be used as inner skin materials, the two layers of adhesives 6 can be bonded by glue films, and the metal soft plate is mainly composed of heating materials and insulating materials as an electric heating layer, the metal sheet layer 2 in the utility model is just a heating material, which is made of metal copper with high resistivity and high electric conductivity, the substrate material layer 1 in the utility model is just an insulating material, which is mainly a Polyimide (PI) film with excellent comprehensive performance, the sandwich layer 7 is used as a honeycomb layer to realize electromagnetic performance optimization and bearing functions.

The thickness of the metal layer in the metal sheet layer 2 is determined according to the actual required resistance, the thicker the metal layer, the smaller the resistance, and the thinner the metal layer, the larger the resistance. In this embodiment, the metal level thickness in sheet metal layer 2 is 18 μm, and the thickness of basement material layer 1 (PI film promptly) is 25 μm, consequently the utility model provides a metal soft board that the two is constituteed has the flexibility as the electric heating layer, easily pastes at curved surface spare and covers, and metal copper can be designed into different topological structure fretwork patterns and realize the electromagnetic modulation function of selecting frequently, and simultaneously, sheet metal layer 2 is the connectivity structure, guarantees that the metal in sheet metal layer 2 can form the electrically conductive route after adding the electricity, realizes circular telegram heating deicing function, for realizing the function of selecting frequently of different polarization and frequency channels, sheet metal layer 2 still need have periodic arrangement structure and horizontal direction connectivity structure. The utility model discloses a bond through realizing with the glued membrane between each layer. Among the materials used above, the skin material had a dielectric constant of 3.15 and a loss tangent of 0.006, the prepreg had a dielectric constant of 2.7 and a loss tangent of 0.0065, the PI film material had a dielectric constant of 3.2 and a loss tangent of 0.002, and the honeycomb material had a dielectric constant of 1.11 and a loss tangent of 0.006.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a metal sheet layer 2 made of a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein periodic gaps are formed in the horizontal direction.

As shown in fig. 4, the metal sheet layer 2 is provided with a periodic gap structure in the horizontal direction, in the first unsealing mode (a), the black part represents the metal sheet, the white part between two adjacent metal sheets represents the gap structure formed by etching away the metal, specifically, the gap penetrates through the whole metal sheet layer, a plurality of gaps are parallel to each other, and each gap is linear. As shown in fig. 4, the width of each linear slit is ww, the width of each metal sheet on the metal sheet layer 2 separated by the slit is p, and the distance ww is between two adjacent metal sheets. In the second slot-forming method shown in FIG. b,

in the present embodiment, the periodic arrangement of the structures on the sheet metal layer 2 shown in fig. 4(a) is applied to the stacked structure shown in fig. 3, in which the main structure dimensions are designed as shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1 major structural dimensions

The metamaterial in fig. 3 was then simulated according to the dimensions in the above table, and the results are shown in fig. 5 and 6.

As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, when the incident angle theta is 0-60 °, the TE polarization shows high wave-transmitting characteristics at an ultra-low frequency of 0-0.4GHz, the wave-transmitting is greater than-1.2 dB, the frequency is greater than 3GHz, the wave-transmitting is less than-10 dB, and the ultra-wideband cutoff characteristics are shown; theta is 0-60 degrees, TM polarization shows full-band cut-off characteristics at 0-18GHz, and wave-transmitting is less than-70 dB.

As can be seen from the above simulation results, when phi is 0 ° (phi represents an angle between an incident electromagnetic wave and the z axis), the metal sheet continuous in the horizontal direction corresponds to a frequency-selective high-pass structure of TM-direction wide-band cut-off and TE-direction low-pass and fast cut-off, and can realize relatively independent modulation of TM waves. Similarly, by changing the continuous periodic arrangement of the metal sheets along the vertical direction, as shown in fig. 7, the metal sheets continuous along the vertical direction at this time are equivalent to the frequency-selective high-pass structure with broadband cutoff in the TE direction and low-pass and fast cutoff in the TM direction, and can realize relatively independent modulation on the TE wave, and the specific dimensions are shown in table 1.

The metamaterial in fig. 7 was then simulated according to the dimensions in the above table, and the results are shown in fig. 8 and 9.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial of fig. 7 under TE polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial of fig. 7 under TM polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

As can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, when the incident angle theta is 0-60 °, the TE polarization exhibits full-band cut-off characteristics at 0-20GHz, and the wave-transparent is less than-70 dB; theta is 0-50 degrees, TM polarization shows high wave-transmitting characteristic at 0-1GHz ultralow frequency, wave-transmitting is larger than-1.3 dB, wave-transmitting is smaller than-8 dB when frequency is larger than 3GHz, and ultra-wideband cut-off characteristic is shown.

Therefore, from the simulation results of fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 8 and fig. 9, the metamaterial of the present invention realizes the electromagnetic modulation function of single polarization broadband cutoff and low-pass and fast cutoff in another orthogonal polarization direction, and the horizontal direction communication structure formed by the single continuous metal sheet can be used for realizing the electromagnetic modulation function on the basis of electric heating deicing.

Furthermore, the utility model discloses in not only on sheet metal layer 2 and the structure in periodic gap has been seted up to the unidirectional, each gap all is the linear type and can realizes electrical heating deicing function and electromagnetic modulation function, the gap structure of other types, for example, to the linear type gap structure buckle handle (like V-arrangement) or transform to arbitrary polygon periodic boundary (like rectangular waveform), and the gap structure of buckling as long as satisfy the unidirectional and run through whole sheet metal layer, all can form the open circuit and realize electrically conductive route, and then can realize the deicing function when circular telegram as electrical heating layer, and can also make it possess the electromagnetic modulation function through the major structure size in the design laminated structure.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a first V-shaped slit structure on a metal sheet layer 2 included in a metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 10, the slits penetrate through the entire metal sheet layer 2, the slits are parallel to each other, each slit includes a plurality of V-shaped slits sequentially connected in sequence, an opening angle of each V-shaped slit is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 180 degrees, and in this embodiment, an opening angle of each V-shaped slit is 120 degrees. As shown in FIG. 10, the topological structure is a gap arranged along two sides of a regular hexagon metal sheet with a period P and an included angle of 120 degrees, the gap period N (N is greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer) is, and the gap width is ww. In this embodiment, the corresponding period of the bending TM slot is 2, that is, the adjacent bending slots are spaced by 2 regular hexagonal metal sheets with the period P, that is, the slots have a period different from the metal sheets and the dielectric stack.

In this embodiment, the periodic arrangement of the sheet metal layers 2 shown in fig. 10 is applied to the stacked structure shown in fig. 3, in which the main structural dimensions are designed as shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 2 major structural dimensions

The metamaterial in fig. 3 was then simulated according to the dimensions in the above table, and the results are shown in fig. 11 and 12.

Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial of fig. 10 under TE polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial of fig. 10 under TM polarization with the incident angle theta according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

As can be seen from fig. 11 and 12, when the incident angle theta is 0 to 60 °, the TE polarization exhibits wave-transparent characteristics at an ultra-low frequency of 0 to 0.4GHz, the wave-transparent characteristics are greater than-2 dB, and the high frequency exhibits cut-off characteristics; theta is 0-60 degrees, TM polarization shows full-band cut-off characteristics at 0-14GHz, and wave-transmitting is less than-30 dB.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a second V-shaped slit structure on the metal sheet layer 2 included in the metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 13, the slits penetrate through the entire metal sheet layer 2, the plurality of slits are parallel to each other, each slit includes a plurality of V-shaped slits sequentially connected in sequence, an opening angle of each V-shaped slit is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 180 degrees, and in this embodiment, an opening angle of each V-shaped slit is 60 degrees. The side length of the V-shaped slot is a, the slot period is p (p ═ N × a (N is a positive integer)), and the slot width is ww.

In this embodiment, the periodic arrangement of the sheet metal layers 2 shown in fig. 13 is applied to the stacked structure shown in fig. 3, in which the main structural dimensions are designed as shown in the following table 3:

TABLE 3 major structural dimensions

Parameter(s)	Numerical value (mm)
		d₁	0.3
d₂	0.1
		d₃	0.043
d₄	0.1
		d₅	0.3
d₆	0.2
		d₇	5.6
d₈	0.2
		d₉	0.3
ww	0.2
		p	N*a
a	8.66
		Opening angle of V-shaped gap	60°

The metamaterial in fig. 13 was then simulated according to the dimensions in the above table, and the results are shown in fig. 14 and 15.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TE polarization in fig. 13 according to the second embodiment of the present invention when the incident angle theta is equal to 0 °.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TM polarization in the second embodiment of the present invention when the incident angle theta is 0 °.

As can be seen from fig. 14 and 15, when the incident angle theta is 0 ° and N is 2, the TE polarization exhibits wave-transparent characteristics at an ultra-low frequency of 0 to 0.7GHz, the wave-transparent characteristics are greater than-1 dB, and the high frequency exhibits cut-off characteristics; TM polarization shows low-frequency band cut-off characteristics at 0-16GHz, and wave-transmitting is less than-10 dB.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a third V-shaped slit structure on the metal sheet layer 2 included in the metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 16, the slits penetrate through the entire metal sheet layer 2, the plurality of slits are parallel to each other, each slit includes a plurality of V-shaped slits sequentially connected in sequence, an opening angle of each V-shaped slit is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 180 degrees, and in this embodiment, the opening angle of each V-shaped slit is 90 degrees. The side length of the V-shaped slot is a, the slot period is p (p ═ N × a (N is a positive integer)), and the slot width is ww.

In this embodiment, the periodic arrangement of the sheet metal layers 2 shown in fig. 16 is applied to the stacked structure shown in fig. 3, in which the main structural dimensions are designed as shown in table 4 below:

TABLE 4 major structural dimensions

Parameter(s)	Numerical value (mm)
		d₁	0.3
d₂	0.1
		d₃	0.043
d₄	0.1
		d₅	0.3
d₆	0.2
		d₇	5.6
d₈	0.2
		d₉	0.3
ww	0.2
		p	8
a	4
		Opening angle of V-shaped gap	90°

The metamaterial in fig. 16 was then simulated according to the dimensions in the above table, and the results are shown in fig. 17 and 18.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TE polarization in fig. 16 according to the second embodiment of the present invention when the incident angle theta is equal to 0 °.

Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TM polarization in the second embodiment of the present invention, when the incident angle theta is 0 °.

As can be seen from fig. 17 and 18, when the incident angle theta is 0 °, the TE polarization exhibits wave-transparent characteristics at an ultra-low frequency of 0 to 1.4 GHz, the wave-transparent is greater than-1 dB, and the high frequency exhibits cut-off characteristics; TM polarization shows low-frequency band cut-off characteristics at 0-16GHz, and wave-transmitting is less than-10 dB.

Additionally, the utility model discloses in not only linear type gap, V-arrangement gap etc. have the periodic of horizontal direction connectivity structure arrange can realize electrical heating deicing function and electromagnetic modulation function, the periodic of the single direction connectivity structure of curvilinear type arrange moreover also can realize electrical heating deicing function and electromagnetic modulation function.

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a sinusoidal slit structure on the metal sheet layer 2 included in the metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 19, the slits extend through the entire sheet metal layer 2, and a plurality of slits are parallel to each other, each of which includes a plurality of sine-wave-shaped slits connected in sequence, where a is a period of the sine wave curve, p is p (p is N × a (N is a positive integer)), and a width of the slit is ww.

In this embodiment, the periodic arrangement of the sheet metal layers 2 shown in fig. 19 is applied to the stacked structure shown in fig. 3, in which the main structural dimensions are designed as shown in the following table 5:

TABLE 5 major structural dimensions

Parameter(s)	Numerical value (mm)
		d₁	0.3
d₂	0.1
		d₃	0.043
d₄	0.1
		d₅	0.3
d₆	0.2
		d₇	5.6
d₈	0.2
		d₉	0.3
ww	0.2
		p	N*a
a	4

The metamaterial in fig. 19 was then simulated according to the dimensions in the above table, and the results are shown in fig. 20 and 21.

Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating a variation of the S21 curve of the metamaterial under TE polarization in fig. 19 according to the second embodiment of the present invention at an incident angle theta equal to 0 °.

As can be seen from fig. 20 and 21, when the incident angle theta is 0 °, the TE polarization exhibits wave-transparent characteristics at an ultra-low frequency of 0 to 1.3 GHz, the wave-transparent is greater than-1 dB, and the high frequency exhibits cut-off characteristics; the TM polarization shows a low-frequency band cut-off characteristic at 0-20GHz, and the wave-transparent is less than-18 dB.

Therefore, the utility model discloses the periodic of well curvilinear single direction open structure arranges and also can realize electrical heating deicing function and electromagnetic modulation function, as long as satisfy single direction and arrange in succession, all can form electrically conductive route, and then realize the deicing function as the electric heating layer when the circular telegram, can also make it possess the electromagnetic modulation function through the major structure size in the design laminated structure moreover.

Therefore, the utility model discloses the homoenergetic of well linear type, curvilinear single direction intercommunication structure is arranged periodically and is realized electrical heating deicing function down, as long as satisfy single direction and arrange in succession moreover, all can form electrically conductive route, and then can realize the deicing function when as the circular telegram of electrical heating layer, can also make it possess the electromagnetic modulation function through the major structure size in the design laminated structure moreover. The electric heating layer (namely the metal soft plate) with the deicing function is connected with a power line through a welding point to form a wiring terminal besides ensuring that the metal layer is of a communicated structure, the wiring terminal is connected to an airborne power supply on an aircraft through the power line, a thin layer is dissolved between an ice layer and an outer skin by heat generated by the electric heating layer, the adhesive force between the ice layer and the outer skin is reduced, and the ice layer is easily blown down under the action of aerodynamic force or centrifugal force.

The utility model provides a technical scheme is compound electromagnetic modulation function on the basis that satisfies deicing function, metal access and to the specific design of metal access that switch on through the design, solve current deicing mode because of the metal level can't guarantee electromagnetic signal transmission's a difficult problem to electromagnetic signal shielding, can restrain the interference of the external electromagnetic signal outside the inside electromagnetic transceiver working frequency channel of part simultaneously, thereby make the position overall arrangement electromagnetic transceiver who possesses good electromagnetic transmission field of vision, if microwave, millimeter wave antenna etc. become probably, integrated for the aircraft is towards many sensing simultaneously, trend development such as full airspace perception establishes the basis, this also link up with the complete information chain that further promotes high-end aviation equipment.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments and that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The metamaterial is characterized by comprising a base material layer and a metal sheet layer superposed on the base material layer, wherein periodic gaps are formed in the metal sheet layer in a single direction, the base material layer and the metal sheet layer jointly form a whole, the end portion of the whole in the single direction is connected with a wiring terminal, and a conductive path is formed by connecting the wiring terminal and an external power supply so as to perform electric heating by utilizing the characteristic of metal power-on heating.

2. The metamaterial according to claim 1, further comprising a first prepreg layer bonded to the metal sheet layer by a layer of adhesive.

3. The metamaterial according to claim 2, further comprising a second prepreg layer bonded to the base material layer by a layer of adhesive.

4. The metamaterial according to claim 3, further comprising a sandwich layer bonded to the second prepreg layer by a glue film.

5. The metamaterial according to claim 4, further comprising a third prepreg layer bonded to the core layer by a glue film.

6. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the metamaterial has a plurality of slits extending through the entire sheet of metal, the plurality of slits being parallel to each other, each slit being linear.

7. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the metamaterial has a plurality of slits that extend through the entire sheet metal layer, the plurality of slits are parallel to each other, each slit comprises a plurality of V-shaped slits connected in sequence, and the opening angle of the V-shaped slits is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

8. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the metamaterial has a plurality of slits extending through the entire sheet of metal, the plurality of slits being parallel to each other, each slit comprising a plurality of sine wave shaped slits connected in series.

9. A deicing device characterized in that it comprises a metamaterial according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A radome, characterized in that it comprises a metamaterial according to any one of claims 1-8.

11. An aircraft, characterized in that it comprises a metamaterial according to any one of claims 1 to 8.