CN210954062U - Reaction box and reaction unit for extracting and detecting biomacromolecules - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a reaction box and a reaction unit for extracting and detecting biomacromolecules. The reaction box comprises a plurality of fan-shaped reaction units which can be enclosed into a disc shape, wherein each reaction unit is provided with a first functional area, a second functional area and a third functional area, the first functional area comprises a cavity for sample introduction, the second functional area comprises a cavity for extraction and purification, and the third functional area comprises a cavity for reaction detection; the first functional area is communicated with the inside of the second functional area, and the second functional area is communicated with the inside of the third functional area. The utility model provides a reaction box, the sample that awaits measuring gets into the back from first functional area, and biomacromolecule draws and detects the reaction and all goes on in a relatively independent confined reaction unit, simplifies whole testing process, and the cross contamination between the better avoidance sample simultaneously, a plurality of reaction unit combination can improve and detect the flux.

Description

Reaction box and reaction unit for extracting and detecting biomacromolecules

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of biomacromolecule detection devices, in particular to a reaction box and a reaction unit for extracting and detecting biomacromolecules.

Background

Nucleic acid is a biological macromolecule formed by polymerizing a plurality of nucleotides, is one of the most basic substances of life, and is widely present in all plants, animals and microorganisms. The molecular diagnosis technology based on nucleic acid detection is a common detection method of modern biomedicine, and the molecular biological method is used for detecting the results of exogenous and self genetic materials in a patient body and the change of expression level to make diagnosis, and has the characteristics of good specificity, high sensitivity, no 'window period', quick diagnosis and the like. Molecular diagnostics based on nucleic acid detection are currently the fastest growing field of technology in clinical testing applications. However, the clinical popularization and application of the nucleic acid detection are greatly limited due to the factors of large equipment volume, complex operation process, high personnel requirement, pollution and infection risks, requirement of completion in a laboratory with definite partitions and the like.

The nucleic acid detection process comprises the steps of sample treatment, nucleic acid purification, detection, result analysis and the like. The automatic equipment aiming at the single step is provided with a mature product on the market, but the requirements for laboratory space, detection time and operator skill are high, the limitation is still high, and the sample interval or aerosol pollution, the infection risk of the sample to the inspection personnel and the like cannot be avoided.

At present, a few devices and equipment integrating nucleic acid purification and inspection are available, such as GeneXpert Ststem, Biofire Filmerry and the like, and can realize nucleic acid detection in a closed detection device; but still has the defects of complex device immobilization design structure, high price, common qualitative detection, few detection samples and the like; meanwhile, the defect that the sample needs to be manually transferred to a detection device after being collected exists, so that the risk of infection of the high-risk sample to operators is caused; consumables such as suction heads and the like after the samples are transferred are externally processed, the possibility of environmental pollution exists, and the risk of medical waste treatment is increased. In summary, the existing GeneXpert stilt, Biofire filtery, etc. devices and equipment suffer from the following drawbacks and deficiencies:

1) the immobilization design structure is complex: the detection items, reactions and operations involved in the extraction and detection processes have different requirements on the production and manufacture of the nucleic acid extraction and purification device, and different detection sample types may need a greatly differentiated pretreatment mode. The immobilization design has great limitation in detecting the type of the sample, and the complex structure increases the requirement degree of the sample.

2) The price is expensive: the complex device structure, material requirements, and assembly of fragmented components all add to the overall cost and assembly of the device, resulting in an overall expensive product.

3) Commonly used for qualitative detection: the existing device adopts the design of a micro-pipeline and a chip, the driving mode is mostly pneumatic or external pushing and the like, the defects that liquid cannot be completely transferred, the liquid transfer volume is small and the like exist, the error of the whole sample volume in a reaction detection area is large, the problems of poor precision, insufficient sensitivity and the like are caused, and the quantitative detection required by high sensitivity, high accuracy and high precision is not easy to realize.

4) The number of detection samples is small: the detection device is generally designed in a multi-chamber and micro-pipeline mode, and has the problems of large device volume, more external driving devices and the like, so that the instrument cannot realize simultaneous detection of multiple sample volumes. If multi-sample detection is needed, the method can be realized only by adopting a mode of connecting a plurality of instruments in parallel or in series.

5) This risk of manually transferring samples after collection: currently, this type of device is fitted with a sample tube or sample chamber, requiring the use of manual means to transfer an accurate volume of sample into the corresponding chamber of the device. When highly infectious pathogens such as Ebola virus, influenza virus and the like are operated, the operation personnel are infected and are required to operate in corresponding safety equipment such as a biological safety cabinet and the like. Therefore, the existing device has certain limitation and potential safety hazard in use, and meanwhile, the accurate sample adding volume requires that an inspector has higher skill level.

6) Consumable risk after sample transfer: after the sample is transferred to the detection device, the discarded consumables have certain infectivity and infection risks.

In addition, Roche COBASS series equipment, Tianlong science and technology PANA9600E, Dada DA3200 and the like adopt a combined mode of mechanical arm and magnetic bead purification to realize semi-automation of semi-closed detection, and although simultaneous detection and quantitative detection of multiple samples are realized to a certain extent, the semi-closed detection still has the defects of cross contamination among samples, manual sample transfer, high consumable cost, long detection time and the like. Therefore, the following defects and shortcomings exist in the devices and equipment such as Roche COBASS series equipment, Tianlong science and technology PANA9600E, Dada DA3200 and the like:

1) cross contamination between samples: the mechanical arm sucks a sample through the specific suction head and then transfers and extracts the sample, so that the sample is in a semi-open state in the purification and detection process, and aerosol, liquid drop and other conditions are easily caused in the transfer process of the mechanical arm, so that pollution among samples is caused. Conventionally, aerosol is treated by ultraviolet inactivation after a single detection is finished, but the pollutants cannot be completely removed by ultraviolet rays, so that the risk of pollutant accumulation exists in addition to the risk of cross-contamination in the current detection.

2) Manual transfer of the sample: the problem of manual sample transfer can not be solved, for example, after samples such as blood, urine, saliva need be gathered, the manual work is transferred to the supporting sample pipe, and operations such as application of sample are carried out to rethread instrument, though can solve the sample size problem, still have infection pollution risk, equipment requirement, personnel technical merit requirement scheduling problem.

3) The consumable cost is high: the detection needs various consumables such as a liquid transfer suction head, a purification consumable, a detection reaction consumable, cleaning liquid and the like, and the consumables are more in type and quantity, so that the cost is higher.

4) The detection time is long: the method is limited by the operating speed and the number of the mechanical arms, and the simultaneous detection of multiple samples cannot be realized, so that the detection is carried out in a one-by-one detection mode in the detection process, and the detection time and the number of the detected samples are in a direct proportion relation when the multiple samples are detected simultaneously.

Hormones and proteins are another type of biomacromolecules generated by nucleic acid expression or indirect expression, and are important components constituting all cells and tissues of the human body. The integrated purification and detection device for hormones and proteins also has similar problems of nucleic acid detection, such as sample cross-contamination, manual sample transfer, high consumable cost, long detection time and the like.

Therefore, with the research and development of biomacromolecule detection, it is urgently needed to develop a new integrated device or equipment which is more convenient to use and can solve a series of problems of cross contamination among samples, infection risk of inspection operators, small sample detection flux, safety and security of consumable ring and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present application is to provide a novel reaction cassette for extraction and detection of biological macromolecules, and a reaction unit constituting the reaction cassette.

The following technical scheme is adopted in the application:

the application discloses a reaction box for biomacromolecule extraction and detection, which comprises a plurality of fan-shaped reaction units, wherein all the reaction units are assembled into a disc-shaped reaction box, and each reaction unit is used for independently extracting and detecting biomacromolecules of a sample to be detected; each reaction unit is provided with a first functional area, a second functional area and a third functional area, the first functional area comprises a cavity for sample introduction, the second functional area comprises a cavity for extraction and purification, and the third functional area comprises a cavity for reaction detection; part of the cavity of the first functional area is communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area, or part of the cavity of the first functional area is respectively communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area and the cavity of the third functional area; and part of the cavity of the second functional area is communicated with the interior of the cavity of the third functional area for reaction detection.

It should be noted that, the key of this application lies in the institutional advancement of reaction box, and during the use, the sample that awaits measuring gets into the reaction unit through the cavity that first functional area was used for advancing the appearance, then gets into the second functional area through inside intercommunication pipeline and draws and purify, after obtaining biological macromolecule, the cavity that the rethread inside intercommunication pipeline directly gets into the third functional area and is used for carrying out the reaction and detect carries out biological macromolecule and detect. It can be understood that in the reaction cassette of the present application, according to the specific type of biological macromolecule, the type and number of cavities can be designed in each functional region according to the requirement, and different types of reagents are packaged in advance, so as to realize corresponding functions; for example, the cavity for extraction and purification of the second functional region may include a cavity for sample lysis and fragmentation and a cavity for biomacromolecule collection, wherein the cavity for sample lysis and fragmentation is pre-packaged with a reagent for sample lysis and fragmentation treatment, and the cavity for biomacromolecule collection is pre-packaged with a corresponding collection or elution reagent according to the type of collected biomacromolecule; the third functional region is pre-packaged with a corresponding detection reagent according to the desired detection reaction. According to the reaction box, one reaction unit can realize detection on one or a group of samples to be detected, and the whole extraction and detection process is completed in one reaction unit, so that not only can sample cross contamination be avoided, but also the whole process does not need manual operation such as sample extraction transfer and the like from extraction to detection, and the transfer of the samples is realized directly through an internal connecting pipeline of the reaction unit, so that the detection is safer and more environment-friendly; the full-automatic extraction and detection of 'sample input and result output' is really realized. In addition, a plurality of reaction units can be contained in the reaction box, so that simultaneous detection of a plurality of samples can be realized, and the sample detection flux is improved.

It can be understood that the cavity for sample introduction in the first functional region of the present application may be one or more cavities, and the specific number is determined according to the sample to be detected; and besides, other functional cavities can be included according to requirements, for example, for some reagents which cannot be mixed in advance, the first functional area can also comprise cavities for storing special reagents, the number of the cavities is determined according to the number of the special reagents which need to be additionally and separately stored, and the cavities are communicated with the cavities of the corresponding second functional area and/or third functional area and are used for conveying the stored special reagents to the designated cavities when needed. Similarly, in the second functional region of the present application, the functional cavities for extraction and purification can be set according to different requirements, for example, the cavity for cleavage and fragmentation and the cavity for collection of biological macromolecules, and the specific number of each functional cavity is determined according to experimental design or requirements. Similarly, the third functional region is mainly a cavity for performing reaction detection, and the number of cavities may also be determined according to experimental design or requirements, and is not specifically limited herein.

It should also be noted that each cavity in each functional region of the present application can be designed to be circular, square or any other shape as required. The application reaction box provides an extract and detect integrated kit consumptive material, can refer to current biological macromolecule to specific reaction condition and detection mode and detect, for example when extracting and detecting nucleic acid, can refer to current PCR appearance or real-time fluorescence PCR appearance, provides reaction condition or carries out fluorescence collection for the cavity that the third functional area is used for carrying out reaction detection. In addition, the reaction cassette of the present application may be used with a robot arm having various functions for sample addition or performing operations such as clamping, vertical movement, and rotation, in order to realize automation in use, and reference may be made to the existing robot arm or an automatic nucleic acid sample addition system, which is not specifically limited herein.

The reaction box is developed according to integrated extraction and detection of biomacromolecules, and has the key point that after sample adding, the reaction unit can perform automatic extraction, purification and detection reaction inside the reaction unit; it can be understood that the reaction box of the application can be used for integrated extraction and detection of biomacromolecules, detection of other biological samples can be carried out by adopting the reaction box of the application, and only the adjustment of adaptability of the functional cavity of each functional region is needed. Thus, the reaction cartridge of the present application is not limited to biomacromolecule extraction and detection.

Preferably, the second functional area is disposed at a central position of the fan-shaped reaction unit, and all the cavities of the second functional area are uniformly disposed on a circumference centered at the central position.

It should be noted that, in the present application, the central position of the fan-shaped reaction unit refers to the center of gravity or the geometric center of the whole reaction unit, and the center of the circle of the fan-shaped reaction unit refers to the intersection point of the two sides of the fan shape, i.e., the center of the circle of the disc-shaped reaction cartridge. It can be understood that the second functional region of the present application is mainly used for purifying biomacromolecules, and the cavity for sample cracking and fragmentation and biomacromolecule collection can be designed according to the requirement in the region, and the cavity of the second functional region is designed on a circle, so that the extraction operation is convenient.

Preferably, the whole second functional area is arranged in a circular groove which takes the central position of the fan-shaped reaction unit as the center of a circle, and the circular groove is closed by adopting an extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve, so that the second functional area is sealed in the circular groove.

It should be noted that the whole second functional region is disposed in the groove to facilitate sealing, so that the second functional region is separated from other functional regions to avoid contamination.

Preferably, the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve is provided with a sealing pressing sleeve for sealing each cavity at the position corresponding to each cavity, and the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve is provided with an electromagnetic column extending into the cavity.

It should be noted that, sealed pressure cover is sealed and keep apart for better, the design of electromagnetism post is in an implementation of this application, utilize the magnetic bead to adsorb biomacromolecule and extract and purify, the electromagnetism post can adsorb the magnetic bead, play and be similar to magnetic frame and adsorb fixed effect with the magnetic bead, this application utilizes the electromagnetism post to adsorb the magnetic bead and extract the adsorbed biomacromolecule of magnetic bead, each functional cavity through the second functional area according to the preface, realize biomacromolecule and draw, purification and collection.

Preferably, in the second functional region, the chambers for extraction and purification include a chamber for fragmentation and a chamber for collection of biological macromolecules.

Preferably, the second functional region further comprises a chamber for rinsing.

It can be understood that for nucleic acid extraction, after the sample is cracked and broken, the nucleic acid needs to be washed to remove corresponding impurities, so a cavity for rinsing is needed; for proteins and hormones, no chamber for rinsing is needed if rinsing is not needed. Therefore, the number of chambers for rinsing and the number thereof may be determined according to the use design or the use requirement.

Preferably, in an implementation manner of the present application, in the second functional region, the cavity for sample lysis and fragmentation is at least one lysis and fragmentation cavity, the cavity for collection of biomacromolecules is at least one collection cavity, and the cavity for rinsing includes a first rinsing cavity and a second rinsing cavity; the cavities of the second functional area are mutually independent, the first functional area is used for communicating the cavity of the sample introduction with the inside of the cracking crushing cavity, and the third functional area is used for communicating the cavity of the reaction detection with the inside of the collecting cavity.

It should be noted that, taking the nucleic acid extraction and detection in the embodiments of the present application as an example, the second functional region is composed of a lysis and fragmentation chamber, a first rinsing chamber, a second rinsing chamber and a collection chamber, and the four chambers can basically meet the test requirements of nucleic acid extraction, purification and elution.

Preferably, the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve is provided with a sealing pressing sleeve for sealing each cavity at the position corresponding to the cracking crushing cavity, the first rinsing cavity, the second rinsing cavity and the collection cavity respectively; and the cracking and crushing cavity is used as an initial position, and the extraction spiral cover magnetic sleeve is provided with an electromagnetic column extending into the cavity at a corresponding position.

Specifically, in one implementation manner of the present application, nucleic acids or proteins are bound to magnetic beads, and then the nucleic acids or proteins bound to the magnetic beads are adsorbed by an electromagnetic column to achieve extraction and separation; the effect of extracting the spiral cover magnetic sleeve is that on one hand, the whole second functional area is sealed, on the other hand, the spiral cover magnetic sleeve is extracted by lifting, and the electromagnetic column is rotated to correspond to different cavities to respectively realize the rinsing and eluting functions. For example, after the cleavage and disruption are completed, the nucleic acid or protein is adsorbed on the electromagnetic column inserted therein, the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve is lifted up by the mechanical arm, the electromagnetic column is positioned above the first rinsing cavity by rotation, the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve is released, the electromagnetic column is inserted into the first rinsing cavity, and the first rinsing is performed; and after the first rinsing is finished, sequentially carrying out second rinsing and elution collection by adopting the same method. It will be understood that the extraction screw-on cap magnetic sleeve seals the second functional area during the whole process of lifting and rotating the extraction screw-on cap magnetic sleeve, and therefore, the whole second functional area is designed in the groove, which aims to better separate the second functional area, and certainly, it is not excluded that the separation of the second functional area can be realized by other methods.

Preferably, the back surface of the reaction unit is of a hollow structure at a position corresponding to the second functional region, so that each cavity of the second functional region is of a protruding independent tubular structure, and an oscillator can be optionally connected to the protruding outer wall of each cavity. The selectable connection oscillator means that the connection oscillator can be selected according to requirements, such as an ultrasonic oscillator.

It should be noted that each cavity is a protruding independent tubular structure, and the purpose is to facilitate connection of an oscillator on the outer side wall, so as to facilitate sample crushing or uniform mixing of reaction solution.

Preferably, the connecting pipeline between the first functional area and the second functional area, the connecting pipeline between the second functional area and the third functional area, the cavity for sample introduction in the first functional area, the cavity for sample cracking and breaking in the second functional area, and the cavity for reaction detection in the third functional area are all arranged on the axial symmetry longitudinal section of the reaction unit.

In the present application, the axially symmetric longitudinal section refers to a longitudinal section of the fan-shaped reaction unit along the central axis, and the cutting along the longitudinal section is equivalent to dividing the fan-shaped reaction unit into smaller fan-shaped structures, and the two sides are symmetric. In one implementation manner of the application, the cavity for sample introduction is a sample introduction cavity, the cavity for sample cracking and crushing is a cracking and crushing cavity, the cavity for reaction detection is a detection reaction cavity, a communication pipeline between the second functional area and the third functional area is a first pipeline for communicating the sample introduction cavity and the interior of the cracking and crushing cavity, and a communication pipeline between the second functional area and the third functional area is a second pipeline for communicating the cracking and crushing cavity and the interior of the detection reaction cavity; the cavity and the internal channel are arranged on the axial symmetry longitudinal section of the reaction unit, the first pipeline is longitudinally split into two, and the second pipeline is also designed so as to be convenient for preparing the first pipeline and the second pipeline which are used for internal communication.

Preferably, the cavity of the first functional area is arranged on the arc of the fan-shaped reaction unit.

It should be noted that the cavities of the first functional areas are arranged on the circular arcs of the fan-shaped reaction units, so that in the whole reaction box, the cavities of the first functional areas of all the reaction units are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the reaction box, and the design can enable the cavities of the first functional areas to move to corresponding mechanical arm operation stations by rotating the reaction box disc, thereby facilitating the operation of the mechanical arm.

Preferably, in the first functional area, the cavity for sample injection is at least one sample injection cavity, and the sample injection cavity is communicated with the inside of the second functional area to provide a sample to be detected for the second functional area.

Preferably, the sample injection cavity is provided with a matched sample injection cavity sealer which is in plug-in sealing fit and is connected through threads; and the sample introduction cavity is inserted into the sample introduction cavity through the sample introduction cavity sealer, and pressure is provided for the sample introduction cavity by utilizing the pushing and pressing principle, so that a sample to be detected in the sample introduction cavity enters the second functional area to be extracted and purified.

It should be noted that, when the device of the application is not used, the sample injection cavity is sealed by the sample injection cavity sealer, so that the sample injection cavity is prevented from being polluted; the sample injection cavity sealer is opened when in use, and is continuously sealed by the sample injection cavity sealer after sample injection, so that the sample injection cavity sealer is prevented from being polluted, and cross contamination of samples is also avoided; and pressing the sample to be tested into the second functional area by extruding the sample injection cavity sealer.

Preferably, the first functional region further comprises a cavity for storing the consumable.

Preferably, the cavity for storing the consumables is at least one consumable storage cavity, and the consumable storage cavity is a sucker accommodating cavity, wherein a sucker matched with the consumable storage cavity is matched with the consumable storage cavity. It is understood that other types of chambers are possible depending on the consumable material, and are not specifically limited herein.

It should be noted that, the design of the consumable storage cavity is to consider the requirement of automatically adding the sample, and if the sample to be detected is added manually, the consumable storage cavity is not needed. However, in order to reduce inspection operating personnel infection risk, this application has designed the consumptive material on the reaction unit and has deposited the chamber, adds the sample that awaits measuring through the mode of automatic application of sample to the suction head after will using is unified to be put at the consumptive material and deposits the intracavity, has avoided the pollution of consumptive material to the environment.

Preferably, the suction head and the suction head accommodating cavity are in inserted close fit, and are fixedly connected through threads; after the suction head is inserted into the suction head accommodating cavity, the suction head is fixed in the suction head accommodating cavity by screwing through threads.

It can be understood that threaded connection's design is in order to deposit the suction head in the chamber at the consumptive material with the more firm suction head that holds the intracavity, and in the implementation of this application, the supporting purpose-made suction head that contains the screw thread outer wall, the pre-installation is screwed up before not using, keeps the clean of suction head, screws up again after the suction head uses, can reach the purpose of sealing the save contaminated consumptive material through the screw thread tightening.

Preferably, the first functional region further comprises a cavity for placing the sample tube.

Preferably, the cavity for placing the sample tube is at least one sample tube storage cavity for placing the sample tube filled with the sample to be detected.

Preferably, the sample tube adopts the material of high permeability to make, and the pipe shaft contains the protrusion screens, and the upper portion of sample tube contains the screw thread, and the sample tube has supporting tube cap, tube cap and sample tube threaded connection, screws up or opens through the arm operation.

It can be understood that the purpose of the sample tube storage cavity is also to facilitate automatic sample adding and adding of the sample to be tested within the reaction unit.

It should be noted that the consumable storage chamber and the sample tube storage chamber are the preferred design schemes of the present application, and in the existing integrated device and apparatus, the consumable storage area and the sample tube storage area are usually designed in a designated common area; and this application all designs the consumptive material in every reaction unit and deposits chamber and sample tube and deposit the chamber for the reaction of each reaction unit is relatively independent, not only can detect more samples that await measuring, moreover also better avoid the cross contamination between the samples.

Preferably, a groove and a hollow window are arranged on the arc-shaped side surface of the fan-shaped reaction unit; the hollow window is arranged at the position of the sample tube storage cavity so as to be convenient for observing or detecting the sample tube; the groove and the hollowed-out window are arranged side by side and used for pasting corresponding information or serial numbers.

It should be noted that, the hollow window can be designed to facilitate observation or detection of the inside of the sample tube, for example, to observe whether there is enough sample inside the sample tube. The design of recess is in order to facilitate pasting information such as reaction unit or sample serial number to what kind of sample that this reaction unit concrete correspondence of convenient visual observation is, or can be used for pasting two-dimensional code or bar code, can conveniently sweep the code automatically and read relevant information.

Preferably, the cavity of the third functional area is arranged at the included angle of the fan-shaped reaction unit; in addition, in the disc-shaped reaction box, the cavities of all the reaction units for reaction detection are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the circle center of the fan-shaped reaction unit.

It should be noted that the cavity of the third functional area is disposed at the included angle of the fan-shaped reaction unit, so that in the reaction box, the cavities of all the reaction units for performing reaction detection can be relatively concentrated at the position close to the center of the circle, and thus, the cavities for performing reaction detection can be conveniently subjected to reaction condition control or detection signal collection.

Preferably, in the third functional area, the cavity for performing the reaction detection is at least one detection reaction cavity, and the detection reaction cavity is communicated with the inside of the second functional area and is used for receiving the biomacromolecule extracted and purified by the second functional area.

Preferably, the detection reaction cavity is of a tubular structure or a columnar cavity, the lower part of the detection reaction cavity is a transparent and smooth reaction area for placing detection reaction reagents, and the upper part of the detection reaction cavity is sealed by a matched reaction cavity sealer.

Preferably, the reaction cavity sealer is in plug-in sealing fit with the detection reaction cavity and is connected with the detection reaction cavity through threads; the reaction cavity sealer is inserted into the detection reaction cavity to seal the detection reaction cavity, and simultaneously seals the opening for communicating the detection reaction cavity with the second functional area.

It should be noted that, because the detection reaction chamber is in a sealed state, negative pressure is formed when the detection reaction chamber is drawn out of the reaction chamber sealer, so that the biomacromolecules obtained from the second functional region, for example, the biomacromolecules in the collection chamber, are sucked into the detection reaction chamber and mixed with corresponding detection reaction reagents, and then the reaction chamber sealer is covered for subsequent reaction.

It should be noted that the reaction chamber sealer is connected with the detection reaction chamber by a screw thread to better realize sealing, and before reaction, the reaction chamber sealer is designed to close the opening communicated with the second functional area, so as to avoid that the elution solution enters the reaction area before elution of the biomacromolecule to cause false negative. In principle, the eluent cannot automatically enter the reaction zone without opening the reaction cavity sealer, and the opening is closed to avoid accidents. In addition, the reaction unit sucks the solution with the biological macromolecules into the reaction area by utilizing the negative pressure driven by the reaction cavity sealer when being opened; it can be understood that under the design of opening closure, certain negative pressure state or vacuum state can be designed in advance in the tubular structure cavity, so that a larger pressure difference can be provided, and the eluent in the collection cavity is more completely and quickly absorbed into the detection reaction cavity.

The application also discloses a reaction unit for extracting and detecting biological macromolecules, wherein the reaction unit is of a fan-shaped structure, and a plurality of reaction units can be assembled into a disc-shaped structure; the reaction unit is used for independently extracting and detecting biomacromolecules of a sample to be detected; the reaction unit is provided with a first functional area, a second functional area and a third functional area, wherein the first functional area comprises a cavity for sample introduction, the second functional area comprises a cavity for extraction and purification, and the third functional area comprises a cavity for reaction detection; part of the cavity of the first functional area is communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area, or part of the cavity of the first functional area is respectively communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area and the cavity of the third functional area; and part of the cavity of the second functional area is communicated with the interior of the cavity of the third functional area for reaction detection.

It should be noted that the reaction unit of the present application is actually the reaction unit constituting the reaction cassette of the present application, and therefore, specific features of the reaction unit of the present application can be referred to the reaction cassette of the present application. It is understood that the reaction unit of the present application can be used for the extraction and detection of biomacromolecules of a sample to be tested, and thus, can be sold or used separately.

The beneficial effect of this application lies in:

the utility model provides a reaction box, the sample that awaits measuring gets into the reaction unit from first functional area after, the extraction of biomacromolecule all goes on in a relatively independent confined reaction unit with the detection reaction, simplifies whole testing process to, in the scheme of preferred, all closed the processing respectively to the third functional area that is used for the second functional area of extracting and is used for detecting, the cross contamination between the avoidance sample that can be better. The application reaction box can detect a plurality of samples simultaneously, and improves the flux of integrated biomacromolecule extraction and detection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reaction cassette in the example of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a reaction cassette according to an embodiment of the present application

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a reaction unit in the example of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a reaction unit in the example of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic exploded view of a reaction unit in the example of the present application;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of another perspective of the reaction unit in the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a reaction unit in the example of the present application in cross section;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the inside of a reaction unit in the example of the present application

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the back structure of a reaction unit in the example of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of an extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another view angle of the extraction screw-cap magnetic sleeve in the embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples are intended to be illustrative of the present application only and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Examples

This example provides a reaction cassette for nucleic acid extraction and detection, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, comprising a plurality of fan-shaped reaction units 11, all of which are assembled into a disk-shaped reaction cassette, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; each reaction unit 11 is used for independently performing nucleic acid extraction and detection on a sample to be detected. In the reaction cassette of this embodiment, each reaction unit 11 is provided with a first functional area, a second functional area and a third functional area, the first functional area includes a cavity for sample introduction, the second functional area includes a cavity for extraction and purification, specifically includes a cavity for sample cracking and breaking and a cavity for collection of biological macromolecules, and the third functional area includes a cavity for reaction detection; part of the cavity of the first functional area is communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area, or part of the cavity of the first functional area is respectively communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area and the cavity of the third functional area; the second functional area is used for communicating the cavity that biological macromolecule collects with the cavity that the third functional area is used for carrying on reaction detection.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 to fig. 5, the cavity for sample injection is a sample injection cavity 111, the second functional region is a nucleic acid extraction region 112, and the cavity for reaction detection is a detection reaction cavity 113.

The nucleic acid extraction region 112, as shown in fig. 3, is composed of a lysis fragmentation cavity 1121, a first rinsing cavity 1122, a second rinsing cavity 1123 and a collection cavity 1124 which are independently arranged in a circle; the lysis and disruption cavity 1121 is used for storing a cell lysis reagent and magnetic beads, namely a cavity for sample lysis and disruption; the first rinsing chamber 1122 is used for storing a reagent for the first rinsing, and the second rinsing chamber 1123 is used for storing a reagent for the second rinsing, which are chambers for rinsing; the collection cavity 1124 is used to store nucleic acid eluting reagents, i.e., a cavity for collection of biological macromolecules. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the entire nucleic acid extraction zone 112 is sealed with an extraction screw cap magnet 1120. In the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve 1120 of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, sealing pressing sleeves for sealing the respective cavities are respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the cracking crushing cavity 1121, the first rinsing cavity 1122, the second rinsing cavity 1123, and the collecting cavity 1124; and, taking the cracking and breaking cavity 1121 as an initial position, the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve 1120 is provided with an electromagnetic post 1125 extending into the cavity at a corresponding position.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the nucleic acid extracting region 112 of this example is entirely disposed in a circular recess; the cracking and crushing cavity 1121, the first nucleic acid purification rinsing cavity 1122, the second nucleic acid purification rinsing cavity 1123 and the nucleic acid eluting cavity 1124 are uniformly arranged in the circular groove along the circumference of the circular groove; the extraction screw cap magnet 1120 seals the entire circular groove. Furthermore, as shown in fig. 5, a raised cylinder 1126 is arranged at the center of the circular groove, and the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve 1120 rotates around the cylinder 1126 as the central axis.

In the first functional area of this embodiment, the cavity for sample injection is a sample injection cavity 111 for placing a fixed amount of sample to be tested, and the sample injection cavity 111 is communicated with the lysis and fragmentation cavity 1121 of the nucleic acid extraction area 112 through a first pipe 1111 disposed inside the reaction unit 11, as shown in fig. 7 and 8.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the sample injection cavity 111 of this embodiment has a matching sample injection cavity sealer 1112, and the upper part of the sample injection cavity 111 has an internal thread; one end of the sample cavity sealer 1112 is an insertion part, and the insertion part is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread of the sample cavity 111; the insertion part of the sample cavity sealer 1112 is extended into the sample cavity 111 to be screwed or opened through the operation of a mechanical arm, so that the sample cavity 111 is closed and opened; and, through the insertion of the insertion portion, the sample introduction cavity 111 is pressurized by using the pushing principle, so that the sample to be tested in the sample introduction cavity enters the cracking and crushing cavity 1121. The sample feeding cavity is designed to be higher than the cracking and crushing cavity, the communicating pipeline communicates the bottom of the sample feeding cavity with the middle position of the cracking and crushing cavity, and the bottom of the sample feeding cavity is higher than the connecting part of the cracking and crushing cavity, so that the whole communicating pipeline, namely the first pipeline, is in a downward inclined structural design, and as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the sample can be more conveniently introduced.

In the third functional area of this example, the cavity for performing the reaction detection is a detection reaction cavity 113, which is a tubular structure or a cylindrical cavity, and this example is specifically designed as a PCR tube structure, and the lower portion of the detection reaction cavity 113 is a transparent and smooth reaction area for placing the nucleic acid detection reaction reagent; the upper part of the detection reaction chamber 113 is sealed by a matching reaction chamber sealer 1131, as shown in fig. 4 and 5; the middle portion of the detection reaction chamber 113 communicates with the bottom of the collection chamber 1124 of the nucleic acid extraction zone 112 via a second conduit 1133 provided inside the reaction unit 11, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. In the detection reaction chamber 113 of this embodiment, the upper part of the chamber body has an internal thread, and the insertion end of the reaction chamber sealer 1131 has an external thread matching with the internal thread; the reaction chamber sealer 1131 is inserted into the tubular structure chamber to seal the tubular structure chamber, and also seals the opening located in the middle of the tubular structure chamber and communicating with the collection chamber 1124.

In the modified embodiment of this embodiment, the first functional area further includes a cavity for storing consumables and a cavity for placing a sample tube, the cavity for storing consumables is a consumable storing cavity 114, and the cavity for placing a sample tube is a sample tube storing cavity 115, as shown in fig. 3 to 5. The consumable storage chamber 114 in this example is a tip receiving chamber in which a matching tip is fitted. The upper part of the suction head accommodating cavity is provided with an internal thread, and the suction head is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread; after the suction head is inserted into the suction head accommodating cavity, the suction head is fixed in the suction head accommodating cavity by screwing through threads.

The sample tube storage chamber 115 of this example is used for storing a sample tube containing a sample to be measured. The sample tube of this example adopts the material of high permeability to make, and the pipe shaft contains the protruding screens, and the upper portion of sample tube contains the internal thread, and the sample tube has supporting tube cap, and tube cap and sample tube threaded connection screw up or open through the arm operation. In a modified scheme, a groove 116 and a hollow window 117 are arranged on the arc-shaped side surface of the fan-shaped reaction unit 11; as shown in fig. 6, a hollow window 117 is disposed at the position of the sample tube storage cavity 115 for observing or detecting the sample tube; the groove 116 and the hollowed window 117 are arranged side by side for pasting corresponding information or serial numbers.

In a modified embodiment of this embodiment, at the back of the reaction unit 11, the cracking and crushing cavity 1121, the first rinsing cavity 1122, the second rinsing cavity 1123 and the collecting cavity 1124 are provided, each cavity has a protruding bottom, that is, at the back of the reaction unit 11, the cavity is hollowed out at a position corresponding to the second functional region, so that each cavity of the second functional region is in a protruding independent tubular structure, as shown in fig. 9, and an ultrasonic oscillator is installed on the outer wall of the protruding bottom. And, the sample introduction chamber 111, the first pipe 1111, the collection chamber 1124, the second pipe 1133 and the detection reaction chamber 113 are disposed on the axial symmetry longitudinal section of the reaction unit 11, as shown in fig. 7 and 8.

The reaction cassette of this example was used as follows:

a) the reaction unit of the reaction cassette of the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and adopts a fan-shaped design, so that a plurality of reaction units can be combined into a disc shape, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the simultaneous detection of multiple samples can be realized, the number of the samples can be adjusted according to different specifications and division numbers of the disc, and the reaction cassette has certain flexibility.

b) Each reaction unit comprises a sample injection cavity, the sample injection cavity is connected with a cracking and crushing cavity in the nucleic acid extraction area through an internal pipeline, the sample injection cavity comprises a threaded inner wall, the sample injection cavity is sealed through a sample injection cavity sealer, and the sample injection cavity sealer is preassembled and screwed before the reaction box is not used so as to keep the internal environment clean.

c) Each reaction unit is provided with a consumable storage cavity which comprises a threaded inner wall and is matched with a specially-made 1mL suction head comprising a threaded outer wall, the suction head is pre-screwed before being used to keep the cleanness of the suction head, the suction head is screwed again after being used, and the purpose of sealing and storing the polluted consumables is achieved through the threaded screwing.

d) Each reaction unit is provided with a sample tube storage cavity for storing collected sample tubes, the sample tubes are matched consumables and are matched according to detection pre-packaging detection items, if the sample types of the detection items are blood and serum, the sample tubes are matched with corresponding vacuum blood collection tubes, if plasma samples are matched with corresponding anticoagulant blood collection tubes, if feces, urine, sputum and the like, the sample tubes contain diluent, and if tissue or other cell cultures and the like, the sample tubes contain corresponding buffer digestive juice; sample pipe or heparin tube all adopt the material of high permeability to make, and the pipe shaft contains the protrusion screens, contains the screw thread inner wall, and the tube cap has the screw thread outer wall, and the operation of accessible arm is screwed up or is opened.

e) The cracking and crushing cavity can be used for pre-packaging reagents such as cracking reagents, magnetic beads and digestive enzymes according to different detection items, in the detection and operation process, a liquid sample in the sample injection cavity enters the cracking and crushing cavity under the extrusion effect of the sample injection cavity sealer, so that pre-packaged cracking liquid and the sample are fully mixed, the lower part of the reaction box main body is provided with an ultrasonic device, cells, microorganisms and the like can be cracked and crushed through the ultrasonic device, and the effects of uniform mixing and the like are achieved.

f) Whole nucleic acid extraction district adopts to draw the spiral cover magnetic sleeve sealed, should draw the spiral cover magnetic sleeve and realize the sealed of nucleic acid extraction district through the rubber ring to, draw the spiral cover magnetic sleeve and correspond the broken chamber of schizolysis, first rinsing chamber, second rinsing chamber and collect the position department in chamber and be provided with respectively with each cavity confined sealed pressure cover, after the reagent that deposits in advance adds, can reach the sealed save of sealing up the reagent through compressing tightly, open the spiral cover magnetic sleeve before the use.

g) After a sample to be detected is mixed with a lysate, adsorbing magnetic beads through an electromagnetic column for extracting a screw cap magnetic sleeve, adsorbing nucleic acid on the electromagnetic column, lifting and rotating the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve through a mechanical arm, transferring the magnetic beads into a first rinsing cavity for primary rinsing, re-adsorbing after rinsing, and then transferring into a second rinsing cavity for secondary rinsing; and the magnetic bead rinsing process adopts ultrasonic oscillation and uniform mixing.

h) After the second rinsing is finished, re-adsorbing, transferring into a collection cavity, eluting nucleic acid, and fully eluting nucleic acid by ultrasonic oscillation; after the elution is finished, the magnetic beads are adsorbed and the nucleic acid solution is eluted.

The nucleic acid extraction can be completed through the steps a) to h). Deposit the chamber, sample tube deposits chamber and supporting consumptive material through advance kind chamber, consumptive material, for example sample tube or heparin tube, supporting suction head, advance kind chamber closure etc. can realize that the full-automatic application of sample shifts, realizes that the nucleic acid is closed to be drawed. And, the problem of the consumptive material that contains the sample residue is preserved and is handled has been solved.

i) The detection reaction cavity is a tubular structure cavity of the PCR tube, and the lower part of the tubular structure cavity is a transparent and smooth reaction area for placing nucleic acid detection reaction reagents; the upper part of the tubular structure cavity is sealed by an inserted cylindrical sealing structure, namely a reaction cavity sealer, and a rubber ring is adopted to realize sealing; the middle part of the tubular structure cavity is communicated with the bottom of the collection cavity of the nucleic acid extraction area through a pipeline arranged in the reaction unit.

j) The detection reaction cavity contains a pre-packaged reagent which can be liquid or freeze-dried powder, the pre-packaged reagent is specifically freeze-dried powder, the detection reaction cavity is sealed by a reaction cavity sealer under the condition of not using, the detection reaction cavity is screwed and sealed through threads, and meanwhile, the opening of a channel is sealed, so that eluent pre-packaged in the collection cavity cannot enter the detection reaction cavity in advance.

k) After the nucleic acid purification step is completed, namely after the nucleic acid is eluted into the eluent, the reaction cavity sealer is unscrewed through the mechanical arm, and the communicated pipeline port is opened at the same time.

l) mixing the reaction solution uniformly by ultrasonic oscillation after completing the conventional sample adding, and transferring the reaction solution uniformly by an integral instrument or in other modes to enable the detection reaction cavity to carry out detection reaction.

The technical scheme of automatic sample adding and detection reaction of nucleic acid can be completed through the steps i) to l). The reaction box of this example can realize the full-automatic application of sample of nucleic acid under the closed condition through detecting reaction chamber negative pressure effect to realize nucleic acid closed type and detect, solved the defect and not enough that artifical transfer reaction tube exists, when having reduced the consumptive material and using, improved the accuracy of reaction system liquid addition.

The reaction box of the embodiment adopts the design of mechanical type, pipeline liquid transfer and the like, is not limited by the type of a sample and the volume of the sample, has no liquid residue on the whole detection reaction, does not need to adopt devices such as a multi-channel air pump or pushing and the like, only needs to be matched with a fixed mechanical arm during use, has Z-axis displacement capacity, and can operate a plurality of samples to simultaneously detect by rotating a disc of the reaction box.

It should be noted that this example provides a reaction cassette for nucleic acid extraction and detection in particular, and it is understood that the reaction cassette for protein or hormone extraction and detection has a structure similar to this example, and also includes a plurality of fan-shaped reaction units each having a first functional region, a second functional region and a third functional region. What is different is that the first functional zone, the second functional zone and the third functional zone are provided with different specific functional cavities and different numbers, particularly the second functional zone, for nucleic acid extraction, two rinsing cavities are needed, namely a first rinsing cavity and a second rinsing cavity, but for protein extraction, the rinsing cavities are not needed, and only the cracking crushing cavity and the collecting cavity are needed. The first functional region and the third functional region are designed with reference to the reaction cassette for nucleic acid extraction and detection of this example. Accordingly, the reaction cassette for protein extraction and detection can be tested with reference to existing protein detection systems; the reaction cassette for hormone extraction and detection can be tested with reference to existing hormone testing systems.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present application in connection with specific embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the present application be limited to the specific embodiments thereof. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that many more simple derivations or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure.

Claims (46)

1. A reaction cassette for biomacromolecule extraction and detection, characterized in that: the device comprises a plurality of fan-shaped reaction units (11), wherein all the reaction units are assembled into a disc-shaped reaction box, and each reaction unit (11) is used for independently extracting and detecting biological macromolecules of a sample to be detected;

each reaction unit (11) is provided with a first functional area, a second functional area and a third functional area, wherein the first functional area comprises a cavity for sample introduction, the second functional area comprises a cavity for extraction and purification, and the third functional area comprises a cavity for reaction detection;

part of the cavity of the first functional area is communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area, or part of the cavity of the first functional area is respectively communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area and the cavity of the third functional area;

and part of the cavity of the second functional area is communicated with the interior of the cavity of the third functional area for reaction detection.

2. The reaction cassette according to claim 1, wherein: the second functional area is arranged at the central position of the fan-shaped reaction unit, and all cavities of the second functional area are uniformly arranged on a circumference taking the central position as the center of a circle.

3. The reaction cassette according to claim 2, wherein: the whole second functional area is arranged in a circular groove which takes the central position as the center of a circle, and the circular groove is closed by adopting an extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120), so that the second functional area is sealed in the circular groove.

4. The reaction cassette according to claim 3, wherein: the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with a sealing pressing sleeve for sealing each cavity at the position corresponding to each cavity, and the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with an electromagnetic column (1125) extending into the cavity.

5. The reaction cassette according to claim 4, wherein: in the second functional area, the cavities for extraction and purification comprise a cavity for cracking and crushing and a cavity for collecting biomacromolecules.

6. The reaction cassette according to claim 5, wherein: the second functional region further comprises a chamber for rinsing.

7. The reaction cassette according to claim 6, wherein: in the second functional area, the cavity for sample cracking and breaking is at least one cracking and breaking cavity (1121), the cavity for collecting biomacromolecules is at least one collecting cavity (1124), and the cavities for rinsing comprise a first rinsing cavity (1122) and a second rinsing cavity (1123); the cavities of the second functional area are mutually independent, the cavity of the first functional area for sample injection is communicated with the inside of the cracking and crushing cavity (1121), and the cavity of the third functional area for reaction detection is communicated with the inside of the collection cavity (1124).

8. The reaction cassette according to claim 7, wherein: the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with a sealing pressing sleeve for sealing each cavity at the position corresponding to the cracking crushing cavity (1121), the first rinsing cavity (1122), the second rinsing cavity (1123) and the collection cavity (1124); and, with the cracking and crushing cavity (1121) as the starting position, the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with an electromagnetic column (1125) extending into the cavity at the corresponding position.

9. The reaction cassette according to claim 8, wherein: the back of the reaction unit (11) is of a hollow structure at the position corresponding to the second functional area, so that each cavity of the second functional area is of a protruding independent tubular structure, and an oscillator can be optionally connected to the protruding outer wall of each cavity.

10. The reaction cassette according to claim 9, wherein: the connecting pipeline of the first functional area and the second functional area, the connecting pipeline of the second functional area and the third functional area, the first functional area is used for feeding a sample, the second functional area is used for cracking and breaking a sample, and the third functional area is used for reacting and detecting a cavity, and the first functional area and the second functional area are arranged on the axial symmetry longitudinal section of the reaction unit (11).

11. The reaction cassette according to claim 1, wherein: the cavity of the first functional area is arranged on the arc of the fan-shaped reaction unit.

12. The reaction cassette according to claim 11, wherein: in the first functional area, the cavity that is used for the appearance to advance is at least one kind chamber (111), and kind chamber (111) and the inside intercommunication of second functional area provide the sample that awaits measuring for the second functional area.

13. The reaction cassette according to claim 12, wherein: the sample injection cavity (111) is provided with a matched sample injection cavity sealer (1112), and the sample injection cavity sealer are in plug-in sealing fit and are connected through threads; and the sample introduction cavity (111) is inserted through the sample introduction cavity sealer (1112), and pressure is provided for the sample introduction cavity (111) by utilizing the pushing and pressing principle, so that a sample to be detected in the sample introduction cavity enters the second functional area for extraction and purification.

14. The reaction cassette according to claim 1, wherein: the first functional area also comprises a cavity for storing consumables.

15. The reaction cassette of claim 14, wherein: the cavity for depositing the consumptive material is that at least one consumptive material deposits chamber (114), the consumptive material is deposited chamber (114) and is held the chamber for the suction head, and wherein the accessory sheath has the suction head that matches with it, and the suction head holds the chamber with the suction head and is bayonet close fit, and both are fixed through threaded connection.

16. The reaction cassette of claim 15, wherein: the first functional region further comprises a cavity for placing a sample tube.

17. The reaction cassette of claim 16, wherein: the cavity body for placing the sample tube is at least one sample tube storage cavity (115) for placing the sample tube filled with the sample to be detected.

18. The reaction cassette of claim 17, wherein: the sample tube is made of high-permeability materials, the tube body contains a protruding clamping position, the upper portion of the sample tube contains threads, the sample tube is provided with a matched tube cover, and the tube cover is in threaded connection with the sample tube.

19. The reaction cassette of claim 17, wherein: a groove (116) and a hollow window (117) are arranged on the arc-shaped side surface of the fan-shaped reaction unit (11); the hollow window (117) is arranged at the position of the sample tube storage cavity (115) so as to facilitate observation or detection of the sample tube; the groove (116) and the hollowed window (117) are arranged side by side and used for pasting corresponding information or serial numbers.

20. The reaction cassette according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein: the cavity of the third functional area is arranged at the included angle of the fan-shaped reaction unit; in addition, in the disc-shaped reaction box, the cavities of all the reaction units for reaction detection are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the circle center of the fan-shaped reaction unit.

21. The reaction cassette of claim 20, wherein: in the third functional area, the cavity for carrying out the reaction detection is at least one detection reaction cavity (113), and the detection reaction cavity (113) is communicated with the inside of the second functional area and is used for receiving biomacromolecules extracted and purified by the second functional area.

22. The reaction cassette of claim 21, wherein: the detection reaction cavity (113) is of a tubular structure or a columnar cavity, the lower part of the detection reaction cavity (113) is a transparent and smooth reaction area for placing detection reaction reagents, and the upper part of the detection reaction cavity (113) is sealed by a matched reaction cavity sealer (1131).

23. The reaction cassette of claim 22, wherein: the reaction cavity sealer (1131) is in plug-in sealing fit with the detection reaction cavity (113) and is connected with the detection reaction cavity through threads; the reaction chamber sealer (1131) is inserted into the detection reaction chamber (113) to seal the detection reaction chamber, and also seals an opening through which the detection reaction chamber (113) communicates with the second functional region.

24. A reaction unit for biomacromolecule extraction and detection, characterized in that: the reaction units are of fan-shaped structures, and a plurality of reaction units can be assembled into a disc-shaped structure; the reaction unit is used for independently extracting and detecting biomacromolecules of a sample to be detected;

the reaction unit is provided with a first functional area, a second functional area and a third functional area, wherein the first functional area comprises a cavity for sample introduction, the second functional area comprises a cavity for extraction and purification, and the third functional area comprises a cavity for reaction detection;

part of the cavity of the first functional area is communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area, or part of the cavity of the first functional area is respectively communicated with the inside of part of the cavity of the second functional area and the cavity of the third functional area;

and part of the cavity of the second functional area is communicated with the interior of the cavity of the third functional area for reaction detection.

25. The reaction unit of claim 24, wherein: the second functional area is arranged at the central position of the fan-shaped reaction unit, and all cavities of the second functional area are uniformly arranged on a circumference taking the central position as the center of a circle.

26. The reaction unit of claim 25, wherein: the whole second functional area is arranged in a circular groove which takes the central position as the center of a circle, and the circular groove is closed by adopting an extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120), so that the second functional area is sealed in the circular groove.

27. The reaction unit of claim 26, wherein: the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with a sealing pressing sleeve for sealing each cavity at the position corresponding to each cavity, and the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with an electromagnetic column (1125) extending into the cavity.

28. The reaction unit of claim 27, wherein: in the second functional area, the cavities for extraction and purification comprise a cavity for cracking and crushing and a cavity for collecting biomacromolecules.

29. The reaction unit of claim 28, wherein: the second functional region further comprises a chamber for rinsing.

30. The reaction unit of claim 29, wherein: in the second functional area, the cavity for sample cracking and breaking is at least one cracking and breaking cavity (1121), the cavity for collecting biomacromolecules is at least one collecting cavity (1124), and the cavities for rinsing comprise a first rinsing cavity (1122) and a second rinsing cavity (1123); the cavities of the second functional area are mutually independent, the cavity of the first functional area for sample injection is communicated with the inside of the cracking and crushing cavity (1121), and the cavity of the third functional area for reaction detection is communicated with the inside of the collection cavity (1124).

31. The reaction unit of claim 30, wherein: the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with sealing press sleeves for sealing the cavities at positions corresponding to the cracking crushing cavity (1121), the first rinsing cavity (1122), the second rinsing cavity (1123) and the collection cavity (1124); and, with the cracking and crushing cavity (1121) as the starting position, the extraction screw cap magnetic sleeve (1120) is provided with an electromagnetic column (1125) extending into the cavity at the corresponding position.

32. The reaction unit of claim 31, wherein: the back of the reaction unit (11) is of a hollow structure at the position corresponding to the second functional area, so that each cavity of the second functional area is of a protruding independent tubular structure, and an oscillator can be optionally connected to the protruding outer wall of each cavity.

33. The reaction unit of claim 32, wherein: the connecting pipeline of the first functional area and the second functional area, the connecting pipeline of the second functional area and the third functional area, the first functional area is used for feeding a sample, the second functional area is used for cracking and breaking a sample, and the third functional area is used for reacting and detecting a cavity, and the first functional area and the second functional area are arranged on the axial symmetry longitudinal section of the reaction unit (11).

34. The reaction unit of claim 33, wherein: the cavity of the first functional area is arranged on the arc of the fan-shaped reaction unit.

35. The reaction unit of claim 34, wherein: in the first functional area, the cavity that is used for the appearance to advance is at least one kind chamber (111), and kind chamber (111) and the inside intercommunication of second functional area provide the sample that awaits measuring for the second functional area.

36. The reaction unit of claim 35, wherein: the sample injection cavity (111) is provided with a matched sample injection cavity sealer (1112), and the sample injection cavity sealer are in plug-in sealing fit and are connected through threads; and the sample introduction cavity (111) is inserted through the sample introduction cavity sealer (1112), and pressure is provided for the sample introduction cavity (111) by utilizing the pushing and pressing principle, so that a sample to be detected in the sample introduction cavity enters the second functional area for extraction and purification.

37. The reaction unit of claim 36, wherein: the first functional area also comprises a cavity for storing consumables.

38. The reaction unit of claim 37, wherein: the cavity for depositing the consumptive material is that at least one consumptive material deposits chamber (114), the consumptive material is deposited chamber (114) and is held the chamber for the suction head, and wherein the accessory sheath has the suction head that matches with it, and the suction head holds the chamber with the suction head and is bayonet close fit, and both are fixed through threaded connection.

39. The reaction unit of claim 38, wherein: the first functional region further comprises a cavity for placing a sample tube.

40. The reaction unit of claim 39, wherein: the cavity body for placing the sample tube is at least one sample tube storage cavity (115) for placing the sample tube filled with the sample to be detected.

41. The reaction unit of claim 40, wherein: the sample tube is made of high-permeability materials, the tube body contains a protruding clamping position, the upper portion of the sample tube contains threads, the sample tube is provided with a matched tube cover, and the tube cover is in threaded connection with the sample tube.

42. The reaction unit of claim 41, wherein: a groove (116) and a hollow window (117) are arranged on the arc-shaped side surface of the fan-shaped reaction unit (11); the hollow window (117) is arranged at the position of the sample tube storage cavity (115) so as to facilitate observation or detection of the sample tube; the groove (116) and the hollowed window (117) are arranged side by side and used for pasting corresponding information or serial numbers.

43. A reaction unit according to any one of claims 24 to 42, characterised in that: the cavity of the third functional area is arranged at the included angle of the fan-shaped reaction unit; in addition, in all the reaction units which can be assembled into a disc-shaped structure, the cavities for reaction detection are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the circle center of the fan-shaped reaction unit.

44. The reaction unit of claim 43, wherein: in the third functional area, the cavity for carrying out the reaction detection is at least one detection reaction cavity (113), and the detection reaction cavity (113) is communicated with the inside of the second functional area and is used for receiving biomacromolecules extracted and purified by the second functional area.

45. The reaction unit of claim 44, wherein: the detection reaction cavity (113) is of a tubular structure or a columnar cavity, the lower part of the detection reaction cavity (113) is a transparent and smooth reaction area for placing detection reaction reagents, and the upper part of the detection reaction cavity (113) is sealed by a matched reaction cavity sealer (1131).

46. The reaction unit of claim 45, wherein: the reaction cavity sealer (1131) is in plug-in sealing fit with the detection reaction cavity (113) and is connected with the detection reaction cavity through threads; the reaction chamber sealer (1131) is inserted into the detection reaction chamber (113) to seal the detection reaction chamber, and also seals an opening through which the detection reaction chamber (113) communicates with the second functional region.

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