CN210866051U - Inductive coil driving circuit with protection function - Google Patents
Inductive coil driving circuit with protection function Download PDFInfo
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- CN210866051U CN210866051U CN201922065308.5U CN201922065308U CN210866051U CN 210866051 U CN210866051 U CN 210866051U CN 201922065308 U CN201922065308 U CN 201922065308U CN 210866051 U CN210866051 U CN 210866051U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a perceptual coil drive circuit with protect function, include: the inductive coil is connected with the follow current loop in parallel, one end of the inductive coil is connected with one end of bus voltage, the other end of the inductive coil is connected with the first end of the switch unit, the second end of the switch unit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the third end of the switch unit is connected with the main control unit through the switch unit driving circuit and receives a control signal sent by the main control unit, one end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the other end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected between the main control unit and the switch unit driving circuit, and two ends of the inductive coil serve as output ends to output driving voltage. The utility model discloses utilize current feedback and voltage feedback, provide effective reliable control and protection mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a well low-speed electric motor car and special type engineering vehicle machine controller technical field especially relate to wherein contactor control coil drive circuit.
Background
For medium and low speed electric vehicles and special engineering vehicles (such as forklifts and the like), the voltage of a power battery is generally between 48V and 96V, and a 12V driving voltage is not provided by a storage battery. For the contactor control commonly used in the whole vehicle, the contactor with the most common 12V coil voltage cannot be selected, and only the contactor with the same bus voltage can be used, which causes the following 2 disadvantages:
1. the cost of the contactor using high coil voltages increases;
2. the coil driving voltage is high, and potential safety hazards exist.
In view of the above disadvantages, if the PWM coil driving method is adopted, different driving voltages can be generated on the inductive load by adjusting the output duty ratio, thereby adapting to contactors with different coil voltages. In addition, for the application such as electromagnetic brake, proportional valve also all need use PWM inductive coil drive, but because the driving voltage is higher, the electric current is great, different failure modes can appear usually:
1. the driving capability is insufficient, and the low-impedance coil cannot be driven;
2. when the coil is short-circuited, instantaneous large current of a driving loop can be caused to cause overcurrent damage of a power device;
3. there is a lack of sophisticated means of fault detection for the various failure modes of the contactor (short/open circuit of the coil and contacts).
In summary, in order to ensure the stability and reliability of the driving system, high requirements are put on the driving capability and the protection mechanism of the PWM coil.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an inductive coil driving circuit with a protection function to improve the reliability of the inductive coil driving circuit.
An inductive coil drive circuit with protection, comprising: the inductive coil is connected with the follow current loop in parallel, one end of the inductive coil is connected with one end of bus voltage, the other end of the inductive coil is connected with the first end of the switch unit, the second end of the switch unit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the third end of the switch unit is connected with the main control unit through the switch unit driving circuit, receives a control signal sent by the main control unit and switches the switch unit to be on or off, one end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the other end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected between the main control unit and the switch unit driving circuit, and two ends of the inductive coil serve as output ends to output driving voltage.
Furthermore, the inductive coil is a contactor control coil or a proportional valve coil or an electromagnetic brake coil.
Further, the bus voltage is 48-96V, one end of the bus voltage is a power battery anode, the other end of the bus voltage is a power battery cathode, and the driving voltage is 12V.
Further, the overcurrent or short-circuit protection circuit comprises a current sampling circuit, an overcurrent detection circuit and an overcurrent control circuit which are connected in series.
Further, the current sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor, one end of the sampling resistor is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, and the other end of the sampling resistor is connected with the second end of the switch unit and serves as the output end of the current sampling circuit.
Further, the overcurrent detection circuit comprises a first comparator, a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor, wherein a forward input end of the first comparator is connected with a threshold voltage, a reverse input end of the first comparator is connected with an output end of the current sampling circuit, an output end of the first comparator serves as an output end of the overcurrent detection circuit and is simultaneously connected with one end of the first resistor, one end of the second resistor and one end of the first capacitor, the other end of the first resistor is connected with a working power supply, and the other end of the second resistor and the other end of the first capacitor are connected with the other end of the bus voltage.
Further, the overcurrent control circuit comprises a second comparator, a forward input end of the second comparator is connected with an output end of the overcurrent detection circuit, a reverse input end of the second comparator is connected with a control signal sent by the main control unit, the control signal is a PWM signal, and an output end of the second comparator is used as an output end of the overcurrent control circuit and is connected with the switch unit driving circuit.
Further, the inductive coil driving circuit with protection function further comprises a voltage protection circuit, wherein one end of the voltage protection circuit is connected with the other end of the inductive coil, and the other end of the voltage protection circuit is connected with the main control unit.
Further, the voltage protection circuit is a voltage division network, the voltage division network includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series, one end of the third resistor is connected with the other end of the inductive coil, the other end of the third resistor is connected with one end of the fourth resistor and is connected with the main control unit, and the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded.
Further, the switch unit is an IGBT or an MOSFET, the first end is a drain, the second end is a source, and the third end is a gate; the follow current loop is a super-fast follow current diode or a body diode parasitic to the MOSFET, the anode of the super-fast follow current diode or the body diode parasitic to the MOSFET is connected with the other end of the inductive coil, and the cathode of the super-fast follow current diode or the body diode parasitic to the MOSFET is connected with one end of the bus voltage.
The utility model discloses perceptual coil drive circuit with protect function utilizes current feedback and voltage feedback, provides effective reliable control and protection mechanism. It has the following advantages:
1. the reliability of the inductive coil driving loop is improved;
2. an accurate and effective fault detection means is provided for various failure modes of the inductive coil load.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an inductive coil driving circuit with protection function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the inductive coil driving circuit with protection function according to fig. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, as those skilled in the art will be able to make similar modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an inductive coil driving circuit with protection function according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the inductive coil is connected with the follow current loop in parallel, one end of the inductive coil is connected with one end of bus voltage, the other end of the inductive coil is connected with the first end of the switch unit, the second end of the switch unit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the third end of the switch unit is connected with the main control unit through the switch unit driving circuit, receives a control signal sent by the main control unit and switches the switch unit to be on or off, one end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the other end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected between the main control unit and the switch unit driving circuit, and two ends of the inductive coil serve as output ends to output driving voltage.
Referring to fig. 2, the inductive coil L1 may be used as an output load in various forms, such as a contactor control coil, a proportional valve coil, an electromagnetic brake coil, etc. The output PWM square wave with the bus voltage as the amplitude can be filtered into basically stable direct current voltage through the inductive coil load to be output as driving voltage.
VOUT＝UDC×(1-D％)
Wherein: VOUT is the driving voltage output from two ends of the inductive Coil L1, namely the voltage difference between B + and Coil-in the figure; UDC is bus voltage, one end B + of the bus voltage is a power battery anode, the other end B-of the bus voltage is a power battery cathode, and the bus voltage is generally 48-96V; and D% is the positive duty ratio of the PWM signal, and the PWM signal is a control signal sent by the main control unit. By adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM signal, a desired driving voltage, which is typically 12V, can be obtained as needed.
The inductive coil driving circuit controls the voltage across the inductive coil L1 mainly by means of the on and off of the switching unit. The common switching unit is mainly a MOSFET or a MOSFET, also called a power switch Q1, and the first terminal is a drain, the second terminal is a source, and the third terminal is a gate. Different switching unit driving circuits are designed according to different switching frequencies and power devices, and the requirements of different switching losses/speeds are met. In this embodiment, the switch driving circuit is a driving resistor RG. Of course, other more complex configurations, such as a triode push-pull circuit, may be used as desired. The voltage class of the power switch Q1 is selected according to the highest bus voltage UDC, and the current class is selected according to the highest bus voltage UDC and the resistance RC of the inductive coil:
at the instant when the power switch Q1 is turned off from on, the current needs to flow back in parallel across the inductive coil L1 in order to maintain the current direction in the inductive coil L1. The freewheeling circuit is an ultrafast freewheeling diode or a parasitic body diode of a MOSFET, and in this embodiment, the freewheeling circuit is an ultrafast freewheeling diode D1. The ultrafast freewheeling diode D1 has a positive terminal connected to the other end of the inductive coil L1 and a negative terminal connected to one end B + of the bus voltage, and its voltage and current levels are selected according to the bus voltage and the coil driving current.
The inductive coil, the follow current loop, the switch unit driving circuit and the main control unit form a main loop. The working principle of the main loop is as follows:
when the power switch Q1 is turned on, current flows from one end B + of the bus voltage to the COIL-point through the inductive COIL L1, and then flows to the other end B-of the bus voltage through the power switch Q1, so that the inductive COIL L1 forms a path on the dc bus;
when the power switch Q1 is turned off, due to the inductor in the inductive COIL L1, the direction of the current flowing through the inductive COIL L1 at the moment of turning off is kept unchanged, and the current gradually decreases until it becomes zero, and in this process, due to the COIL induced electromotive force, the current still flows from the bus voltage terminal B + to the COIL-point through the inductive COIL L1, and then flows back to the bus voltage terminal B + through the ultrafast freewheeling diode D1.
The utility model relates to a perceptual coil drive circuit with protect function, except the major loop, there are two vital protective circuit in addition: the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit and the voltage protection circuit respectively carry out real-time effective detection and protection on the driving circuit of the inductive coil from different aspects.
The overcurrent or short-circuit protection circuit comprises a current sampling circuit, an overcurrent detection circuit and an overcurrent control circuit which are connected in series. The current sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor RS, one end of the sampling resistor RS is connected with the other end B-of the bus voltage, and the other end of the sampling resistor RS is connected with the second end of the switch unit and serves as the output end of the current sampling circuit. Different from the traditional current sensor sampling, the circuit is characterized in that a high-power small-resistance sampling resistor RS is connected in series with the source electrode of a power switch Q1, the drain current ID flowing through the power switch Q1 is detected, and the corresponding sampling voltage VCS can be obtained through the sampling resistor:
VCS＝ID×RS。
the over-current detection circuit comprises a first comparator U1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a first capacitor C1, wherein a forward input end of the first comparator U1 is connected with a threshold voltage VREF, a reverse input end of the first comparator is connected with an output end of the current sampling circuit, an output end of the first comparator serves as an output end of the over-current detection circuit and is simultaneously connected with one end of a first resistor R1, one end of a second resistor R2 and one end of the first capacitor C1, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with a working power supply VCC, and the other end of the second resistor R2 and the other end of the first capacitor C1 are connected with the other end B-of the bus voltage.
The overcurrent control circuit comprises a second comparator U2, the positive input end of the second comparator U2 is connected with the output end of the overcurrent detection circuit, the reverse input end of the second comparator U2 is connected with the control signal sent by the main control unit, and the output end of the second comparator U2 is used as the output end of the overcurrent control circuit and is connected with the switch unit driving circuit.
The operating principle of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is as follows:
when the driving loop of the inductive coil works in an overcurrent or short-circuit state, large current passes through the power switch Q1 and the sampling resistor RS, at this time, the sampling voltage VCS exceeds a threshold voltage VREF preset in the overcurrent detection circuit, the first comparator U1 outputs a low-level effective turn-off signal, the signal is transmitted to the overcurrent control circuit, and the second comparator U2 generates a gate-level driving signal which is continuously pulled down by comparing the voltage with the output PWM signal, so that the power switch Q1 is always in a cut-off state, namely, the automatic protection function of the coil overcurrent and short circuit is completed on hardware, and the response time is extremely fast.
When the overcurrent or short circuit state of the driving loop of the inductive coil is removed, the drain current ID of the power switch Q1 is recovered to a normal value, the sampling voltage VCS is smaller than the threshold voltage VREF, the overcurrent detection circuit outputs a normal voltage (a voltage division value of a working power supply VCC on a resistor R1 and a resistor R2), the signal is transmitted to the overcurrent control circuit, and compared with the PWM signal, a PWM signal with negative logic compared with the input PWM signal is generated, so that the power switch Q1 is normally turned on/off, and the normal driving of the coil is recovered.
Because the over-current and short-circuit protection is purely hardware protection and has a self-recovery function, when an over-current or a short-circuit occurs, although the power switch Q1 can be turned off to stop coil driving output, the drain current ID and the sampling voltage VCS of the power switch Q1 quickly recover normal values after the stop, so that the power switch Q1 is turned on again, if the over-current or short-circuit state still exists at the moment, the current feedback circuit turns off the power switch Q1 again, and the turning-off-on process is repeated and circulated continuously until the over-current or short-circuit state is removed. At this time, it should be noted that values of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 are taken, because the two devices directly determine a time constant, i.e., a period, of the hardware cycle, and values of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 should be increased as much as possible, so that the period for the hardware to turn on the power switch Q1 is as long as possible, and the times are as few as possible, thereby reducing losses of the power switch Q1 and the sampling resistor RS to the maximum extent, and preventing the devices from being damaged due to overheating.
Even though the turn-on time of the power switch Q1 can be greatly reduced by current feedback under the over-current and short-circuit conditions, it is not enough to turn off the power switch Q1 completely, and voltage feedback is required for detection and protection.
Therefore, the utility model discloses perceptual coil drive circuit with protect function still includes voltage protection circuit, voltage protection circuit's one end with perceptual coil's the other end links to each other, voltage protection circuit's the other end with the main control unit links to each other. The simplest mode of the voltage protection circuit can adopt a voltage division network, and of course, other more complex structures can also be adopted according to the needs. In this embodiment, the voltage protection circuit is a voltage division network, the voltage division network includes a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4 connected in series, one end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the other end of the inductive coil L1, the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4 and connected to the main control unit, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is grounded.
The working principle of the voltage protection circuit is as follows:
under the normal state of the inductive coil L1, when the power switch Q1 is turned off, the feedback voltage VFB can sample a voltage value corresponding to one end B + of the bus voltage, namely a high voltage value; when the power switch Q1 is turned on, the feedback voltage VFB should be sampled to a voltage value corresponding to the other end B-of the bus voltage, i.e., a low voltage value.
When the inductive coil L1 is in a short-circuit state, no matter the power switch Q1 is turned off or turned on at the moment, the feedback voltage VFB is always sampled to be a voltage value corresponding to the bus voltage end B +, i.e. a high voltage value
When the inductive coil L1 is in the open state, no matter the power switch Q1 is in the off or on moment, the feedback voltage VFB is always sampled to be the voltage value corresponding to the other end B-of the bus voltage, i.e. the low voltage value.
The corresponding relationship is shown in the following table:
| normal state | Short circuit condition | Open circuit state | |
| Q1 off | High voltage value | High voltage value | Low voltage value |
| Q1 on | Low voltage value | High voltage value | Low voltage value |
Therefore, the abnormal state of the inductive coil L1 can be effectively determined by detecting the feedback voltage VFB and the on or determination state of the power switch, and the main control unit turns off the PWM signal in real time in as short a time as possible and sends corresponding fault information for checking the abnormal state of the inductive coil L1.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The utility model discloses perceptual coil drive circuit with protect function can be applied to in low-and-medium speed field car and the special type engineering vehicle application occasion. The utility model discloses perceptual coil drive circuit with protect function to coil loads such as contactor commonly used, electromagnetic brake, proportional valve, utilizes current feedback and voltage feedback, provides effective reliable control and protection mechanism. It has the following advantages:
1. the reliability of the inductive coil driving loop is improved;
2. an accurate and effective fault detection means is provided for various failure modes of the inductive coil load.
In one embodiment, the resistance RC of the inductive coil is generally between 100 Ω and 1000 Ω, and the bus voltage is between 48V and 96V, so the driving current of the inductive coil is generally several hundred mA, and the maximum current should be less than 1A.
Different power switches Q1 and ultrafast freewheeling diodes D1 were selected for different bus voltages and coil currents. For example, for a system with bus voltages of 48V, 72V and 96V, the power switch Q1 can be selected from MOSFETs of 56A/75V, 35A/100V and 33A/150V respectively. Since the coil current is generally less than 1A, the ultrafast freewheeling diode D1 can be selected from ultrafast diodes of 2A-3A, 100V-200V.
Since the switching frequency is generally between 200Hz and 20kHz, the driving resistance of the MOSFET is 10 omega to 20 omega.
Because the coil current is generally less than 1A, after considering sufficient margin, firstly setting the overcurrent protection point at 2A-3A, and then selecting a proper resistance value according to the power of the sampling resistor Rs, thereby obtaining the threshold voltage VREF of the overcurrent detection circuit.
During overcurrent and short-circuit protection, in order to reduce the loss of a power device to the greatest extent and ensure that the period of turning on the power switch Q1 by hardware is as long as possible and the times are as few as possible, the values of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 should be as large as possible, the value of the common first resistor R1 is greater than 100K Ω, and the value of the first capacitor C1 is greater than 100 nF.
In addition, in order to provide a reasonable level fault tolerance space, the output value VEN of the over-current detection circuit and the high voltage value should take values as follows:
the above-mentioned embodiments only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An inductive coil drive circuit with protection, comprising: the inductive coil is connected with the follow current loop in parallel, one end of the inductive coil is connected with one end of bus voltage, the other end of the inductive coil is connected with the first end of the switch unit, the second end of the switch unit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the third end of the switch unit is connected with the main control unit through the switch unit driving circuit, receives a control signal sent by the main control unit and switches the switch unit to be on or off, one end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the other end of the bus voltage, the other end of the over-current or short-circuit protection circuit is connected between the main control unit and the switch unit driving circuit, and two ends of the inductive coil serve as output ends to output driving voltage.
2. An inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 1, wherein said inductive coil is a contactor control coil or a proportional valve coil or an electromagnetic brake coil.
3. The inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bus voltage is 48V to 96V, one end of the bus voltage is a positive pole of a power battery, the other end of the bus voltage is a negative pole of the power battery, and the driving voltage is 12V.
4. The inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 1, wherein said over-current or short-circuit protection circuit comprises a current sampling circuit, an over-current detection circuit and an over-current control circuit connected in series.
5. An inductive coil driving circuit with protection function according to claim 4, characterized in that said current sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor, one end of said sampling resistor is connected to the other end of said bus voltage, and the other end of said sampling resistor is connected to the second end of said switch unit and serves as the output end of said current sampling circuit.
6. An inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 5, wherein said over-current detection circuit includes a first comparator, a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor, a positive input terminal of said first comparator is connected to a threshold voltage, a negative input terminal of said first comparator is connected to an output terminal of said current sampling circuit, an output terminal of said first comparator is used as an output terminal of said over-current detection circuit and is simultaneously connected to one end of said first resistor, one end of said second resistor and one end of said first capacitor, the other end of said first resistor is connected to a working power supply, and the other end of said second resistor and the other end of said first capacitor are both connected to the other end of said bus voltage.
7. The inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 6, wherein the over-current control circuit comprises a second comparator, a positive input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the output terminal of the over-current detection circuit, a negative input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the control signal sent by the main control unit, the control signal is a PWM signal, and an output terminal of the second comparator is used as the output terminal of the over-current control circuit and connected to the switching unit driving circuit.
8. The inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a voltage protection circuit, wherein one end of said voltage protection circuit is connected to the other end of said inductive coil, and the other end of said voltage protection circuit is connected to said main control unit.
9. The inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 8, wherein said voltage protection circuit is a voltage divider network, said voltage divider network includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series, one end of said third resistor is connected to another end of said inductive coil, another end of said third resistor is connected to one end of said fourth resistor and to said main control unit, and another end of said fourth resistor is grounded.
10. The inductive coil driving circuit with protection function as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switching unit is an IGBT or a MOSFET, said first terminal is a drain, said second terminal is a source, and said third terminal is a gate; the follow current loop is a super-fast follow current diode or a body diode parasitic to the MOSFET, the anode of the super-fast follow current diode or the body diode parasitic to the MOSFET is connected with the other end of the inductive coil, and the cathode of the super-fast follow current diode or the body diode parasitic to the MOSFET is connected with one end of the bus voltage.
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| CN113253085A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-13 | 合肥恒钧检测技术有限公司 | Power cycle test method and system for power semiconductor device |
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