CN210849459U - Five-axis CNC woodworking carbide tool grinder - Google Patents
Five-axis CNC woodworking carbide tool grinder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种木工硬质合金刀具数控加工机床,更具体地说,尤其涉及一种五轴数控木工硬质合金刀具磨床。The utility model relates to a CNC machining machine for woodworking hard alloy cutting tools, more particularly, to a five-axis numerical control woodworking hard alloy cutting tool grinding machine.
背景技术Background technique
木工硬质合金刀具是由多片硬质合金刀片焊接在钢件刀体上,经过砂轮磨削加工出刃口的刀具产品,其前刀面是一倾斜平面,因焊接变形移位问题以及刀体焊接位制造误差问题,每片刀片的前刀面前角度与倾斜角度不尽相同,与设计图纸也不相符,如按照设计图纸刃磨加工刀具刃口,难以达到刀具刃口轮廓精度、跳动精度技术要求,需要反复的人工调整机床修正加工尺寸,耗费人力较多。Carbide tool for woodworking is a tool product which is made of multiple carbide inserts welded on steel tool body and processed by grinding wheel. Its rake face is an inclined plane. The problem of welding position manufacturing error, the front angle and inclination angle of the rake of each blade are not the same, and they do not match the design drawings. Requirements, it is necessary to repeatedly manually adjust the machine tool to correct the processing size, which consumes a lot of manpower.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型针对上述缺点对现有技术进行改进,提供一种五轴数控木工硬质合金刀具磨床,技术方案如下:The utility model improves the prior art in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, and provides a five-axis numerical control woodworking cemented carbide tool grinder, and the technical scheme is as follows:
五轴数控木工硬质合金刀具磨床,包括有底座及设置于其上方的X轴装置和Y轴装置,所述Y轴装置的上方一侧连接有Z轴装置,该Z轴装置的下方通过A轴装置连接有砂轮电主轴,所述A轴装置随Y轴装置和Z轴装置的轴向运动分别使A轴装置沿Y轴装置和Z轴装置的轴向方向位移,该A轴装置通过轴向运动使砂轮电主轴沿其方向位移,所述X轴装置的上方通过工作台连接有C轴装置,该工作台随X轴装置的轴向运动使C轴装置沿其方向位移;A five-axis CNC woodworking carbide tool grinder includes a base and an X-axis device and a Y-axis device arranged above it. The upper side of the Y-axis device is connected with a Z-axis device, and the bottom of the Z-axis device passes through A The shaft device is connected with a grinding wheel motorized spindle, and the A-axis device is displaced along the axial direction of the Y-axis device and the Z-axis device with the axial movement of the Y-axis device and the Z-axis device, and the A-axis device passes through the shaft. The axial movement of the grinding wheel makes the electric spindle of the grinding wheel displace along its direction, and the top of the X-axis device is connected with a C-axis device through the worktable, and the worktable moves the C-axis device along its direction along with the axial movement of the X-axis device;
所述底座的上方于工作台两侧连接有横梁,该横梁的一侧对应C轴装置的上方沿Y轴轴向运动方向活动连接有滑板,所述滑板的另一侧连接有固定座,该固定座的一侧面连接有升降座,所述升降座连接有卡口若干组,并通过该卡口连接有A轴装置。The top of the base is connected with a cross beam on both sides of the workbench, one side of the cross beam is movably connected with a slide plate along the Y-axis axial movement direction above the C-axis device, and the other side of the slide plate is connected with a fixed seat. One side of the fixed seat is connected with a lifting seat, the lifting seat is connected with several groups of bayonet openings, and an A-axis device is connected through the bayonet openings.
进一步,所述底座的中心上方嵌设有X轴丝杆,该X轴丝杆的两端分别固定连接底座,其活动块的上方固定连接工作台,所述X轴丝杆的一端固定连接有X轴电机,该X轴电机的外侧固定套设有X轴电机座,并通过该X轴电机座固定连接底座,所述X轴丝杆的两侧分别对称设置有X轴导轨,该X轴导轨固定连接底座,且其上方分别连接工作台的底部两端,使其形成X轴装置,该X轴装置通过其X轴电机带动X轴丝杆旋转从而带动位于其上部的工作台沿着X轴方向位移。Further, an X-axis screw rod is embedded above the center of the base, the two ends of the X-axis screw rod are respectively fixed and connected to the base, the upper part of the movable block is fixedly connected to the worktable, and one end of the X-axis screw rod is fixedly connected with a X-axis motor, the outer side of the X-axis motor is fixedly sleeved with an X-axis motor seat, and the X-axis motor seat is fixedly connected to the base, and X-axis guide rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the X-axis screw rod. The guide rail is fixedly connected to the base, and the top of it is connected to the bottom ends of the worktable respectively, so as to form an X-axis device. Axial displacement.
进一步,所述横梁的一侧中心嵌设有Y轴丝杆,该Y轴丝杆的两端分别固定连接横梁,其活动块的一侧固定连接滑板,所述Y轴丝杆的一端固定连接有Y轴电机,该Y轴电机的外侧固定套设有Y轴电机座,并通过该Y轴电机座固定连接横梁,所述Y轴丝杆的两侧分别对称设置有Y轴导轨,该Y轴导轨固定连接横梁,且其外侧分别连接滑板的一侧,使其形成Y轴装置,该Y轴装置通过其Y轴电机带动Y轴丝杆旋转从而带动位于其一侧的滑板沿着Y轴方向位移。Further, a Y-axis screw rod is embedded in the center of one side of the beam, the two ends of the Y-axis screw rod are respectively fixed to connect the beam, one side of the movable block is fixedly connected to the slide plate, and one end of the Y-axis screw rod is fixedly connected There is a Y-axis motor, the outer side of the Y-axis motor is fixed with a Y-axis motor seat, and the cross beam is fixedly connected through the Y-axis motor seat, and Y-axis guide rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the Y-axis screw rod. The shaft guide rail is fixedly connected to the beam, and its outer sides are respectively connected to one side of the slide plate to form a Y-axis device. The Y-axis device drives the Y-axis screw to rotate through its Y-axis motor, thereby driving the slide plate on its side along the Y-axis. direction displacement.
进一步,所述固定座的一侧中心嵌设有Z轴丝杆,该Z轴丝杆的两端分别固定连接固定座,其活动块的一侧固定连接升降座,所述Z轴丝杆的顶端固定连接有Z轴电机,该Z轴电机的外侧固定套设有Z轴电机座,并通过该Z轴电机座固定连接固定座,所述Z轴丝杆的两侧分别对称设置有Z轴导轨,该Z轴导轨固定连接固定座,且其外侧分别连接升降座的一侧,使其形成Z轴装置,该Z轴装置通过其Z轴电机带动Z轴丝杆旋转从而带动位于其一侧的升降座沿着Z轴方向位移。Further, a Z-axis screw rod is embedded in the center of one side of the fixed seat, two ends of the Z-axis screw rod are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed seat, and one side of the movable block is fixedly connected to the lifting seat. The top end is fixedly connected with a Z-axis motor, the outer side of the Z-axis motor is fixedly sleeved with a Z-axis motor seat, and the Z-axis motor seat is fixedly connected to the fixing seat, and the Z-axis screw is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the Z-axis Guide rail, the Z-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the fixed seat, and its outer side is respectively connected to one side of the lifting seat to form a Z-axis device. The lift seat is displaced along the Z-axis.
进一步,所述C轴装置包括有C轴座,该C轴座穿设有第一减速机,所述第一减速机的一端连接有伺服电机,该伺服电机的电机轴穿设于第一减速机并与第一减速机内部相连接,所述C轴座于伺服电机的外周固定套设有电机护罩,于第一减速机的另一端内侧镶嵌有油封,该第一减速机连接有法兰盘,所述法兰盘的另一端依次连接有刀柄、限位螺母和锁紧螺母,所述刀柄的一端穿设于法兰盘,另一端连接限位螺母,并通过锁紧螺母与法兰盘连接使刀柄与限位螺母盖设于锁紧螺母与法兰盘之间,所述刀柄穿设有刀具,该刀具通过锁紧螺母使其可拆卸连接刀柄。Further, the C-axis device includes a C-axis seat, the C-axis seat is provided with a first reducer, one end of the first reducer is connected with a servo motor, and the motor shaft of the servo motor is passed through the first reducer It is connected with the inside of the first reducer, the C-axis seat is fixedly sleeved with a motor shield on the outer periphery of the servo motor, and an oil seal is inlaid on the inside of the other end of the first reducer. The first reducer is connected in a way A flange plate, the other end of the flange plate is sequentially connected with a handle, a limit nut and a locking nut, one end of the tool handle is penetrated through the flange plate, and the other end is connected with a limit nut, and the locking nut is connected to the other end. In connection with the flange, the tool handle and the limit nut are covered between the locking nut and the flange plate, the tool handle is provided with a tool, and the tool is detachably connected to the tool handle through the locking nut.
进一步,所述伺服电机的电机轴与第一减速机内部过盈联接。Further, the motor shaft of the servo motor is internally connected with the first reducer by interference.
进一步,所述A轴装置包括有减速机箱,该减速机箱的外周两侧对称连接有固定块,中心穿设有第二减速机,所述减速机箱通过固定块连接升降座,所述第二减速机的下方固定连接有主轴摆臂,上方连接有电机,该电机的电机轴穿设于第二减速机并与第二减速机的内部相连接,所述主轴摆臂的下方连接有砂轮电主轴。Further, the A-axis device includes a reduction box, the outer periphery of the reduction box is symmetrically connected with fixed blocks on both sides, and a second reducer is penetrated in the center, the reduction box is connected to the lifting seat through the fixed block, and the second reduction box is connected. The lower part of the machine is fixedly connected with a spindle swing arm, the upper part is connected with a motor, the motor shaft of the motor is passed through the second reducer and connected with the inside of the second reducer, and the lower part of the spindle swing arm is connected with a grinding wheel electric spindle .
进一步,所述砂轮电主轴包括有主轴箱,该主轴箱固定连接于主轴摆臂的下方,其穿设有电主轴,所述电主轴的一端穿设有刀柄,该刀柄的另一端可拆卸连接有砂轮。Further, the grinding wheel electric spindle includes a spindle box, the spindle box is fixedly connected to the lower part of the spindle swing arm, and the electric spindle is passed through it. There is a grinding wheel attached to the disassembly.
进一步,所述电机的电机轴与第二减速机内部过盈联接。Further, the motor shaft of the motor is internally connected with the second reducer by interference.
进一步,所述电主轴的一端通过气动锁刀连接刀柄。Further, one end of the electric spindle is connected to the tool handle through a pneumatic locking tool.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型的有益效果为:本实用新型解决因刀片焊刀制造误差与刀片焊接变形引起的刀具刃口精度问题,以及能够解决保持主后角在不同的半径上角度一致性问题、副后角角度一致性问题,具有自动化加工程度高,人工辅助时间少的优势,其实现五轴联动,自动化水平高,并通过采用数控系统配合伺服电机、精密丝杆等高精度的机械结构,实现有效提高加工精度以及达到较广的使用范围,满足所需要求,实现对较为复杂的刀具材料的加工,达到较高的加工效率。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model solves the problem of the precision of the cutting edge of the tool caused by the manufacturing error of the blade welding knife and the deformation of the blade welding, and can solve the problem of maintaining the main relief angle on different radii. Consistency problem and auxiliary clearance angle consistency problem have the advantages of high degree of automatic processing and less manual assistance time. It realizes five-axis linkage, high automation level, and adopts CNC system to cooperate with servo motor, precision screw and other high-precision The mechanical structure of the machine can effectively improve the machining accuracy and achieve a wider range of use, meet the required requirements, realize the processing of more complex tool materials, and achieve high processing efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍:In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model more clearly, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below:
图1为本实用新型的立体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
图2为本实用新型的X轴装置结构图;Fig. 2 is the X-axis device structure diagram of the present utility model;
图3为本实用新型的Y轴装置结构图;3 is a structural diagram of a Y-axis device of the present invention;
图4为本实用新型的Z轴装置结构图;4 is a structural diagram of a Z-axis device of the present invention;
图5为本实用新型的C轴装置拆解结构图;5 is a disassembled structural diagram of the C-axis device of the present invention;
图6为本实用新型的A轴装置拆解结构图Fig. 6 is the disassembled structure diagram of the A-axis device of the present invention
包括:底座1、X轴装置2、Y轴装置3、C轴装置4、Z轴装置5、A轴装置6、工作台7、砂轮电主轴8、横梁9、滑板10、固定座11、升降座12、X轴丝杆13、X轴电机14、X轴电机座15、X轴导轨16、Y轴丝杆17、砂轮18、Y轴电机19、Y轴电机座20、Y轴导轨21、Z轴丝杆22、Z轴电机23、Z轴电机座24、Z轴导轨25、C轴座26、第一减速机27、主轴摆臂28、第二减速机29、主轴箱30、减速机箱31、电机32、固定块33、伺服电机34、电主轴35、卡口36、电机护罩37、油封38、法兰盘39、刀柄40、限位螺母41、锁紧螺母42、气动刀柄43、刀具44。Including: base 1,
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合本实用新型实施例中的附图,对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本实用新型的保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. . Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
下面将结合附图对本实用新型实施例作进一步地详细描述,详细如下:The embodiments of the present utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, as follows:
如图1所示的五轴数控木工硬质合金刀具磨床,包括有底座1及设置于其上方的X轴装置2和Y轴装置3,Y轴装置3的上方一侧连接有Z轴装置5,该Z轴装置5的下方通过A轴装置6连接有砂轮电主轴8,A轴装置6随Y轴装置3和Z轴装置5的轴向运动分别使A轴装置6沿Y轴装置3和Z轴装置5的轴向方向位移,该A轴装置6通过轴向运动使砂轮电主轴8沿其方向位移,X轴装置2的上方通过工作台7连接有C轴装置4,该工作台7随X轴装置2的轴向运动使C轴装置4沿其方向位移;As shown in Figure 1, the five-axis CNC woodworking carbide tool grinder includes a base 1 and an
底座1的上方于工作台7两侧连接有横梁9,该横梁9的一侧对应C轴装置4的上方沿Y轴轴向运动方向活动连接有滑板10,滑板10的另一侧连接有固定座11,该固定座11的一侧面连接有升降座12,升降座12连接有卡口36若干组,并通过该卡口36连接有A轴装置6。The top of the base 1 is connected with a
如图2所示的底座1的中心上方嵌设有X轴丝杆13,该X轴丝杆13的两端分别固定连接底座1,其活动块的上方固定连接工作台7,X轴丝杆13的一端固定连接有X轴电机14,该X轴电机14的外侧固定套设有X轴电机座15,并通过该X轴电机座15固定连接底座1,X轴丝杆13的两侧分别对称设置有X轴导轨16,该X轴导轨16固定连接底座1,且其上方分别连接工作台7的底部两端,使其形成X轴装置2,该X轴装置2通过其X轴电机14带动X轴丝杆13旋转从而带动位于其上部的工作台7沿着X轴方向位移。As shown in FIG. 2, an
如图3所示的横梁9的一侧中心嵌设有Y轴丝杆17,该Y轴丝杆17的两端分别固定连接横梁9,其活动块的一侧固定连接滑板10,Y轴丝杆17的一端固定连接有Y轴电机19,该Y轴电机19的外侧固定套设有Y轴电机座20,并通过该Y轴电机座20固定连接横梁9,Y轴丝杆17的两侧分别对称设置有Y轴导轨21,该Y轴导轨21固定连接横梁9,且其外侧分别连接滑板10的一侧,使其形成Y轴装置3,该Y轴装置3通过其Y轴电机19带动Y轴丝杆17旋转从而带动位于其一侧的滑板10沿着Y轴方向位移。As shown in FIG. 3, a Y-
如图4所示的固定座11的一侧中心嵌设有Z轴丝杆22,该Z轴丝杆22的两端分别固定连接固定座11,其活动块的一侧固定连接升降座12,Z轴丝杆22的顶端固定连接有Z轴电机23,该Z轴电机23的外侧固定套设有Z轴电机座24,并通过该Z轴电机座24固定连接固定座11,Z轴丝杆22的两侧分别对称设置有Z轴导轨25,该Z轴导轨25固定连接固定座11,且其外侧分别连接升降座12的一侧,使其形成Z轴装置5,该Z轴装置5通过其Z轴电机23带动Z轴丝杆22旋转从而带动位于其一侧的升降座12沿着Z轴方向位移。As shown in FIG. 4 , a Z-
如图5所示的C轴装置4包括有C轴座26,该C轴座26穿设有第一减速机27,第一减速机27的一端连接有伺服电机34,该伺服电机34的电机轴穿设于第一减速机27并与第一减速机27内部过盈连接,C轴座26于伺服电机34的外周固定套设有电机护罩37,于第一减速机27的另一端内侧镶嵌有油封38,该第一减速机27连接有法兰盘39,法兰盘39的另一端依次连接有刀柄40、限位螺母41和锁紧螺母42,刀柄40的一端穿设于法兰盘39,另一端连接限位螺母41,并通过锁紧螺母42与法兰盘39连接使刀柄40与限位螺母41盖设于锁紧螺母42与法兰盘39之间,刀柄40穿设有刀具44,该刀具44通过锁紧螺母42使其可拆卸连接刀柄40。The C-
如图6所示的A轴装置6包括有减速机箱31,该减速机箱31的外周两侧对称连接有固定块33,中心穿设有第二减速机29,减速机箱31通过固定块33连接升降座12,第二减速机29的下方固定连接有主轴摆臂28,上方连接有电机32,该电机32的电机轴穿设于第二减速机29并与第二减速机29的内部过盈连接,主轴摆臂28的下方连接有砂轮电主轴8,砂轮电主轴8包括有主轴箱30,该主轴箱30固定连接于主轴摆臂28的下方,其穿设有电主轴35,电主轴35的一端通过气动锁刀连接气动刀柄43,该气动刀柄43的另一端可拆卸连接有砂轮18。As shown in FIG. 6 , the
以工作原理结合上述结构为例,本实用新型加工时电极依照转换后的G代码轨迹运行,运用到了电极圆角半径补偿技术、主后角补偿补偿技术、副后角补偿技术:Taking the working principle combined with the above structure as an example, the electrode runs according to the converted G code track during processing, and the electrode fillet radius compensation technology, the main relief angle compensation technology, and the secondary relief angle compensation technology are applied:
圆角半径补偿技术:理论线上的移动轨迹是以一个点进行移动的,而实际加工是一R圆角加工,这就需要R圆角半径补偿技术,这一技术可以使得R圆角接触放电加工的点就是理论轨迹移动的点;Corner radius compensation technology: The moving trajectory on the theoretical line is moved by a point, but the actual processing is an R round corner processing, which requires the R round corner radius compensation technology, which can make the R round corner contact discharge The processed point is the point where the theoretical trajectory moves;
主后角补偿技术:是将电极圆周下方象限位置的放电磨削点通过YZ轴补偿移动转移到与主后角角度相符的电极圆周位置上来实现磨出主后角角度;Main relief angle compensation technology: The discharge grinding point at the quadrant position below the electrode circumference is transferred to the electrode circumference position consistent with the main relief angle angle through the YZ axis compensation movement to realize the grinding of the main relief angle;
副后角补偿技术:依据副后角角度以及磨削点在轮廓线上的法向接触角度,按比例旋转A轴,A轴带动电极轮发生侧斜,电极侧斜时要保持磨削位置不变就需要移动XY轴补偿,从而保证副后角的准确;Auxiliary clearance angle compensation technology: According to the secondary clearance angle and the normal contact angle of the grinding point on the contour line, the A-axis is rotated proportionally, and the A-axis drives the electrode wheel to cause side inclination. It is necessary to move the XY axis compensation to ensure the accuracy of the secondary clearance angle;
本实用新型五轴数控机床是由三个直线轴X\Y\Z轴运动部件,两个旋转轴A\C轴运动部件,一个电极旋转主轴部件,再加上放电加工用的电火花电源与探针器件组合在一起制造出的机床,被加工刀具44是与C轴运动部件相连,C轴是固定在X轴运动部件及工作台7上,可带动刀具44做左右移动和绕C轴轴线旋转运动,C轴轴线与X轴轴线平行,A轴轴线与Z轴轴线平行,带动主轴头绕A轴轴线做旋转运动,主轴头带动圆形电极做旋运动对被加工刀具44进放电加工的部分,A轴安装在Z轴运动部件上,Z轴运动部件又与Y轴运动部件相连,可进行上下前后移动。The five-axis CNC machine tool of the utility model is composed of three linear axis X\Y\Z axis moving parts, two rotating axis A\C axis moving parts, one electrode rotating spindle part, plus an electric spark power supply for electric discharge machining and The machine tool is manufactured by combining the probe devices. The
进一步,在本实施例中,探针固定安装在主轴35部件上,探针器件随着主轴头移动部件相对于被加工刀具44做三个方向的直线移动和绕A/C轴轴线旋转,利用了数控系统中的跳转功能,探针探测前刀面很少的点位3点就可分析出前刀面空间位置关系,不需要逐点采集刀刃轮廓线段,可以节省大量测量时间,由通过程序计算就可得出正确的加工路线,电极的损耗是由工作台7上的车刀自动对电极进行车削精加工放电表面后,再由电极对被加工刀具44进行放电加工成型,放电加工参数提前设置好后,加工过程中不需要人工参与都是自动完成整把刀的放电加工,一般一个工人可以同时操作7~12台机床加工,相比其他设备节省2/3的工人,加工效率基本持平;Further, in this embodiment, the probe is fixedly mounted on the
通过采用了数控系统中的跳转功能,通过探针在数控机床上在线采集到刀片前刀面若干点坐标数据,用二次开发的宏程序计算出前刀面的空间位置,刀具44刃口轮廓线采取了DXF格式输入,在数控系统中转换成G代码,降低了工人对数控编程能力的要求。By adopting the jump function in the numerical control system, the coordinate data of several points on the rake face of the blade are collected online on the numerical control machine tool through the probe, and the spatial position of the rake face is calculated by the secondary development macro program, and the contour of the cutting edge of the
本实用新型解决因刀片焊刀制造误差与刀片焊接变形引起的刀具44刃口精度问题,以及能够解决保持主后角在不同的半径上角度一致性问题、副后角角度一致性问题,具有自动化加工程度高,人工辅助时间少的优势,其实现五轴联动,自动化水平高,并通过采用数控系统配合伺服电机34、精密丝杆等高精度的机械结构,实现有效提高加工精度以及达到较广的使用范围,满足需要求,实现对较为复杂的刀具44材料的加工,达到较高的加工效率。The utility model solves the problem of the precision of the cutting edge of the
尽管已经示出和描述了本实用新型的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本实用新型的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形,本实用新型的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention , substitutions and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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