CN210803729U - Experimental device for measuring service life of cosmic ray muons - Google Patents
Experimental device for measuring service life of cosmic ray muons Download PDFInfo
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- CN210803729U CN210803729U CN201921063235.XU CN201921063235U CN210803729U CN 210803729 U CN210803729 U CN 210803729U CN 201921063235 U CN201921063235 U CN 201921063235U CN 210803729 U CN210803729 U CN 210803729U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an experimental apparatus for be used for measuring universe ray mu son life-span. The device comprises a measuring component, a light guide component, a photoelectric signal transmission component and a data transmission component; the light guide component is an organic glass light guide arranged between the measuring component and the light guide component, the organic glass light guide is connected between the non-encapsulated end of the plastic crystal and the detection end of the photomultiplier, and the measuring component, the light guide component and the photoelectric signal transmission component are all arranged in a light-tight closed aluminum shell; the cosmic ray muons irradiate on the plastic crystal of the measuring component through the aluminum shell, generate fluorescence effect through the plastic crystal to generate photoelectrons, and the photoelectrons are detected by the photomultiplier of the photoelectric signal transmission component after being subjected to light guide total reflection action of the light guide component and transmitted to the computer. The utility model relates to a new instrument has opened up the scope of original relevant experiment, and with life analysis extension for spectral analysis, has research value.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a physics experiment measuring instrument has especially related to an experimental apparatus for measuring universe ray mu son life-span.
Background
Muons are generated in cosmic rays and pi-mesons decay when they pass through the atmosphere, with the stationary lifetime of muons being only 2.2 microseconds, rapidly decaying into an electron, an anti-electron neutrino and a muon neutrino. The muons move at high speed, due to the time expansion effect of the narrow relativity theory, the decay time of the muons is prolonged, and the muons have the opportunity to reach the ground. The μ decay equation is:
high energy muons excite fluorescence photons when passing through the plastic scintillator, and if the muons decay in the plastic crystal, the electrons produced by the decay will also excite fluorescence photons in the plastic scintillator. The photomultiplier converts the fluorescent signal into an electric signal, and the electric signal is transmitted to an oscilloscope to be displayed as a peak. The single peak shown on the oscilloscope is the event of a mu passing through the plastic crystal. The double peak shown on the oscilloscope is the event that a muon decays in the plastic crystal.
At present, measurement of cosmic ray life of colleges and universities is mostly carried out by means of the physical major of the colleges and universities, experimental instruments are mostly professional and precise, but the existing mu life measurement experiment mostly calculates the mu life indirectly in a counting mode, and counting results are not intuitive and convincing. The utility model discloses record signal waveform that can be complete and reappear the analysis of being convenient for, independently design the data that analysis software analysis was gathered, find the mu son of all records to can make further analysis to life-span, the energy of mu son, in addition, this scheme can also carry out multichannel energy spectrum analysis to other high energy particles.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the problem that exists among the background art, the utility model discloses a FPGA board and AD DA conversion module constitute the data transmission subassembly, can see the signal oscillogram that forms when mu passes plastic crystal on the screen, look for the peak value and distinguish whether mu takes place the decay. And the average life of the mu and the energy distribution before and after decay can be analyzed, so that the mass-energy conversion relationship is more visual.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:
an experimental device for measuring the lifetime of cosmic ray muons:
the experimental instrument comprises a measuring component, a light guide component, a photoelectric signal transmission component and a data transmission component; the measuring component is a cuboid plastic crystal, the photoelectric signal transmission component is a photomultiplier, the light guide component is an organic glass light guide which is arranged between the measuring component and the light guide component, the organic glass light guide is connected between the non-encapsulated end of the plastic crystal and the detection end of the photomultiplier, and the measuring component, the light guide component and the photoelectric signal transmission component are all arranged in a light-tight closed aluminum shell; the data transmission assembly comprises an AD/DA conversion module, a USB high-speed transmission module, an FPGA board and a computer, and the electric signal output end of the photomultiplier is connected with the computer through the AD/DA conversion module, the FPGA board and the USB high-speed transmission module in sequence.
The size of the cuboid plastic crystal is 40 multiplied by 20 multiplied by 5cm2And the outer side of the plastic crystal is tightly wrapped with an aluminum film.
The cuboid plastic crystal is a scintillator C6H6。
The refractive index of the organic glass light guide is between the refractive index of the plastic crystal of the measuring component and the refractive index of the photomultiplier shell of the photoelectric signal transmission component, and the organic glass body can enable incident light rays to be totally reflected.
When the photoelectric detector works, the detection input end of the photomultiplier is fixed at one end of the plastic crystal, and the joint is sealed by silicone oil so as to be light-proof.
The utility model discloses a measurement principle process as follows:
cosmic ray muons are generated from the universe, the life side length of the muons can reach the ground under the condition of approaching the light speed according to the relativistic effect, the surface emergent light of the plastic crystal comes from, and the fluorescence emitted from the inside of the scintillator is transmitted by the refraction of the surface of the film; the side emergent light is mainly transmitted to the emergent part of the edge by multiple reflections of the fluorescence on the upper surface and the lower surface of the thin film scintillator, and the ordinary reflection can be regarded as the total transmission by the surface after a plurality of times, and only the total reflection can keep the energy to be reflected back and forth almost without loss, so the side emergent light mainly comes from the total reflection. In order to enable all generated fluorescence to be emitted from the side surface and enter the photomultiplier, the surface of the plastic crystal is polished and wrapped with an aluminum film.
When the mu enters the plastic scintillator, the mu collides with the plastic scintillator substance to generate a fluorescence effect, photoelectrons with the fluorescence effect almost completely enter the light guide after being reflected by the aluminum film, and are totally reflected in the light guide to enter the photomultiplier, and the photomultiplier amplifies and converts an optical signal into an electric signal.
According to einstein mass-energy equation: e ═ mc2When mu is collided with the plastic scintillator, decay may occur due to energy loss, and then electrons generated by the decay also collide with the plastic scintillator, and the generated photons are amplified and converted into a second electric signal by the photomultiplier tube, and the time between the two electric signals is the decay time of mu.
The data collected by the AD/DA module can be used for further analyzing the energy of the mu, and only simple calibration is needed before analysis.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses the experimental apparatus that constitutes is a novel universe ray mu son measuring instrument, and the theory on its design principle and the textbook accords with completely and has exploited the scope of original relevant experiment, can gather the waveform data of whole mu son and be used for further analysis, replaces traditional counting of dotting to judge mu son, can accomplish the experiment and do not deviate from books novelty and have the expansibility, also more directly perceived convenient show more does benefit to student's understanding and thinking wherein principle as a teaching show experiment.
Simultaneously the utility model discloses still provide the mode for measuring radioactive element's energy distribution, help designing and developing the radiation analysis device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the experimental instrument of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a measuring component (101), a light guide component (102), an optical-electrical signal transmission component (103) and a data transmission component (104).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a measuring component 101, a light guide component 102, an optical-electrical signal transmission component 103, and a data transmission component 104; the measuring component 101 is a cuboid plastic crystal, the photoelectric signal transmission component 103 is a photomultiplier, the light guide component 102 is an organic glass light guide placed between the measuring component 101 and the light guide component 102, the organic glass light guide is connected between the non-encapsulated end of the plastic crystal and the detection end of the photomultiplier, and the measuring component 101, the light guide component 102 and the photoelectric signal transmission component 103 are all placed in a sealed light-tight aluminum shell;
the data transmission assembly 104 comprises an AD/DA conversion module, a USB high-speed transmission module, an FPGA board and a computer, and the electric signal output end of the photomultiplier is connected with the computer through the AD/DA conversion module, the FPGA board and the USB high-speed transmission module in sequence. In specific implementation, the AD/DA conversion module is connected to the output end of the photomultiplier, and transmits an electric signal to the FPGA board through the USB high-speed transmission module and then transmits the electric signal to the computer through the FPGA board.
The utility model discloses an experimental measurement process as follows:
in specific implementation, the material of the cuboid plastic crystal is a scintillator C6H6The size of the rectangular plastic crystal is 40 multiplied by 20 multiplied by 5cm2And the outer side of the plastic crystal is tightly wrapped with an aluminum film.
Cosmic ray muons penetrate through the aluminum shell to irradiate on the plastic crystal of the measuring component 101, photoelectrons are generated by the fluorescence effect of the plastic crystal, the photoelectrons are detected by the photomultiplier tube of the photoelectric signal transmission component 103 after being subjected to the total reflection action of the organic glass light guide of the light guide component 102, then the data transmission component 104 sends and transmits electric signals detected by the photomultiplier tube of the photoelectric signal transmission component 103 to a computer for storage, and the test result of the service life of the cosmic ray muons is obtained according to the processing of existing third-party software.
Using the routine:
the aluminum shell of the cosmic ray muon acquisition device is connected with one end through a BNC cable connector, the aluminum shell internally accommodates the measuring assembly 101, the light guide assembly 102 and the photoelectric signal transmission assembly 103, and the other end is connected with the data transmission assembly 104. One end is connected to the data transmission assembly 104 and the other end is connected to the computer using USB typeA data lines.
And (3) opening matched mu sub-analysis software on a computer, and selecting an acquisition mode and an analysis mode of the software in a mode selector. Clicking the browse button selects the folder. In acquisition mode, the folder will store the acquired text information of the μ wavelet signals. In analysis mode, the software will analyze the text information of the μ wavelet signals in the folder.
And selecting an acquisition mode, clicking a collect key to start acquisition after selecting the folder. The acquired mu wave waveform image is displayed on the software waveform display panel at the frequency of once a second, and the image takes time as an abscissa and amplitude as an ordinate. The signal sampling frequency is 1Hz, the single sampling period of the signal is 200 mus, the maximum amplitude of the signal waveform is +/-5V, and the amplitude resolution is 256 channels. One-time acquisition is carried out, namely, a text file is generated to store waveform information of the mu sub-signals, and the waveform of each text file can be checked by clicking the file in the file list.
And selecting an analysis mode, clicking an analysis key to start analysis after the folder is selected. The computer will use a second order difference method to find out the mu sub-signal where the decay event occurred among all the mu penetrating plastic crystal signals. The time difference between the muon signal peak and the electron signal peak generated in each decay event was recorded, plotted as a statistical histogram of lifetimes and the mean lifetime of the muon decay was calculated. Using a multichannel analysis method, carrying out multichannel division and statistical fitting on the peak value of the mu-sub signal, drawing a spectrum analysis histogram and calculating the mean decay energy of the mu-sub.
Therefore, the utility model discloses an experimental apparatus is a new instrument, has opened up the scope of original relevant experiment, has also opened up a new device, and the life analysis extension is the spectral analysis, has research value.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental apparatus for measuring cosmic ray muon life, characterized by: comprises a measuring component (101), a light guide component (102), an optical-electrical signal transmission component (103) and a data transmission component (104); the measuring component (101) is a cuboid plastic crystal, the photoelectric signal transmission component (103) is a photomultiplier, the light guide component (102) is an organic glass light guide placed between the measuring component (101) and the light guide component (102), the organic glass light guide is connected between the non-encapsulated end of the plastic crystal and the detection end of the photomultiplier, and the measuring component (101), the light guide component (102) and the photoelectric signal transmission component (103) are all arranged in a light-tight closed aluminum shell; the data transmission assembly (104) comprises an AD/DA conversion module, a USB high-speed transmission module, an FPGA board and a computer, and the electric signal output end of the photomultiplier is connected with the computer through the AD/DA conversion module, the FPGA board and the USB high-speed transmission module in sequence.
2. An experimental apparatus for measuring cosmic ray muon lifetime as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the size of the cuboid plastic crystal is 40 multiplied by 20 multiplied by 5cm2And the outer side of the plastic crystal is tightly wrapped with an aluminum film.
3. An experimental apparatus for measuring cosmic ray muon lifetime as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the cuboid plastic crystal is a scintillator C6H6。
4. An experimental apparatus for measuring cosmic ray muon lifetime as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the refractive index of the organic glass light guide is between the refractive index of the plastic crystal of the measuring component (101) and the refractive index of the photomultiplier shell of the photoelectric signal transmission component (103), and the organic glass body can enable incident light rays to be totally reflected.
5. An experimental apparatus for measuring cosmic ray muon lifetime as claimed in claim 1 wherein: when the photoelectric detector works, the detection input end of the photomultiplier is fixed at one end of the plastic crystal, and the joint is sealed by silicone oil so as to be light-proof.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110376635A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-25 | 浙江大学 | Measure the laboratory apparatus and measurement method in cosmic ray μ service life |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110376635A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-25 | 浙江大学 | Measure the laboratory apparatus and measurement method in cosmic ray μ service life |
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