CN210777417U

CN210777417U - Simple pendulum period measuring device

Info

Publication number: CN210777417U
Application number: CN201921667500.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王浩然; 李廷会; 李婉婷; 朱晨雨
Original assignee: Guangxi Normal University
Current assignee: Guangxi Normal University
Priority date: 2019-10-08
Filing date: 2019-10-08
Publication date: 2020-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2029-10-08

Abstract

The utility model discloses a simple pendulum period measuring device, the break-make electricity of controlling the electro-magnet by the controller module controls the pendulum ball and is the initial moment of simple harmonic motion, accomplish the period timing by the photogate, photogate height and electro-magnet height are all adjustable, the student both can accomplish a lot of simple harmonic motion experiments in the detection position of same height, also can accomplish simple harmonic motion experiments in the detection position of different heights, from horizontal and vertical acquisition cycle value, later stage through comparing and calculating, interference data can be rejected, acquire more accurate gravity acceleration value; in addition, the height of the pendulum ball corresponds to that of the photoelectric door, the height of the electromagnet corresponds to that of the pendulum ball, the height consistency can be accurately realized by means of a horizontal tester, and the situation that the direction deviates in the simple harmonic motion process to influence the measurement result is avoided.

Description

Simple pendulum period measuring device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a physical experiment field, concretely relates to simple pendulum period measurement device.

Background

A simple pendulum is a device capable of generating reciprocating swing, mainly comprising a cycloid andand (6) swinging the ball. The simple pendulum period measurement is the most basic mechanical experiment in physical experiments and aims at calculating the gravity acceleration. In the simple harmonic motion process of the simple pendulum reciprocating, the resultant force of the gravity and the cycloid tension of the pendulum ball points to the balance position, and the resultant force can be regarded as a straight line. The relationship between the gravity acceleration of the pendulum ball and the length of the cycloid and the period of the simple pendulum is

Therefore, as long as the period of simple harmonic motion of the simple pendulum can be accurately obtained, the gravity acceleration can be accurately calculated.

In the prior art, different technical schemes are provided for measuring the period of a simple pendulum: the manual stopwatch timing method has the advantages of convenience and low cost, and has the defects of intervention of artificial reaction capacity and inaccurate obtained cycle data; the technical scheme has the advantages that the period measurement is accurate, but factors of manual operation of the swing ball are still involved, if the operation is improper, the movement direction can deviate in the swing ball movement process, and the period measurement is necessarily influenced. The two schemes also have a common defect that periodic measurement can be only repeatedly carried out at a fixed height, periodic measurement at different heights cannot be realized, and the processing and comparison of later data can be influenced, so that the accuracy of the gravity acceleration value is reduced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a simple pendulum period measuring device provides the structure basis for solving the problem that exists "can not accurately provide simple pendulum period data" among the prior art.

The utility model discloses a technical problem is solved to following technical scheme:

the simple pendulum period measuring device mainly comprises a controller module, a relay module, an electromagnet, a photoelectric door, a display module, a test bench, a cycloid and a pendulum ball; the pendulum ball is fixed on the experiment table through a cycloid; the control end of the relay module is connected with the controller module, the relay module supplies power to the electromagnet when being attracted, the electromagnet adsorbs the pendulum ball, the electromagnet is powered off when the relay module is disconnected, and the electromagnet releases the pendulum ball; the output end of the photoelectric gate is connected with the controller module, and a connecting line for transmitting and receiving the photoelectric gate is vertical to a simple harmonic motion track of the pendulum ball; the electromagnet is as high as the pendulum ball, and the center of the electromagnet is on the track of the simple harmonic motion of the pendulum ball; the display module is connected with the controller module; the experiment table comprises a lifting rod, a supporting table and a rotating module; the lifting rod is hollow and internally provided with a rack, and openings are formed in the two sides of the lifting rod in the range from the bottom surface of the lifting rod to 90% of the height of the lifting rod; the supporting platform is provided with a slave gear and an inner gear; the rotating module) comprises a main gear, a driving shaft, a square groove, a rotation stopping block, a through hole, a clamping groove and a knob;

the slave gear penetrates through an opening on one side of the lifting rod to enter an inner cavity of the lifting rod, and the slave gear is meshed with the rack; the internal gear is tightly attached to the support table to form a contact surface, the internal gear is concentric with the contact surface, and the internal gear is meshed with the main gear; the square groove, the rotation stopping block, the through hole and the clamping groove are arranged in the knob; the lifting rod is transversely penetrated through the driving shaft, a main gear is arranged at one end of the driving shaft, and the other end of the driving shaft penetrates through the square groove and the through hole to be fixed on the clamping groove; the main gear is tightly attached to one side of the lifting rod and meshed with the inner gear; a rotation stopping block is arranged in the square groove and is clamped with the driving shaft; arranging a support table, namely a photoelectric door support table, for the photoelectric door, wherein the photoelectric door is fixed on the photoelectric door support table; a support platform, namely an electromagnet support platform, is arranged on the electromagnet, and the electromagnet is fixed on the electromagnet support platform.

Further, when the electromagnet adsorbs the swing ball, an included angle between the cycloid and the vertical direction is less than 15 degrees.

Further, a support table, namely a cross bar, is arranged for the cycloid curve and the pendulum ball; one end of the cycloid is fixed on the cross rod, and the other end of the cycloid is connected with a pendulum ball; and the cross bar is provided with a protractor which measures the acute angle between the cycloid and the vertical direction.

Furthermore, a graduated scale is arranged on the lifting rod; the graduated scale is parallel to the lifting rod; the measuring range of the scale is larger than the length of the cycloid.

Further, the system also comprises a wireless transmission module; the wireless transmission module is connected with the controller module and is also in wireless connection with an external terminal.

Furthermore, the photoelectric door mainly comprises a U-shaped body, an infrared transmitting circuit and an infrared receiving circuit; the infrared transmitting circuit is arranged on one pin of the U-shaped body, and the infrared receiving circuit is arranged on the other pin of the U-shaped body; the infrared emission circuit is connected with the controller module; the infrared receiving circuit is connected with the controller module.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following characteristics:

1. the controller module controls the on-off of the electromagnet to control the starting moment of the pendulum ball to do simple harmonic motion, the photoelectric gate completes periodic timing, the height of the photoelectric gate and the height of the electromagnet are both adjustable, students can complete multiple simple harmonic motion experiments at the detection position at the same height or simple harmonic motion experiments at the detection positions at different heights, periodic numerical values are obtained from the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, interference data can be eliminated through comparison and operation in the later period, and more accurate gravity acceleration value is obtained; in addition, the heights of the pendulum ball, the photoelectric door and the electromagnet correspond to each other, so that the height consistency can be accurately realized by means of a horizontal tester, and the influence on a measurement result caused by the deviation of the direction in the simple harmonic motion process is avoided;

2. the height of the pendulum ball can be changed by changing the length of the cycloid, the height of the pendulum ball can be adjusted by means of the support table, the heights of the cycloid and the pendulum ball are taken as variable factors, the height of the photoelectric door and the height of the electromagnet are changed accordingly, simple harmonic motion experiments under different heights can be completed, interference data which possibly exist can be further eliminated, and a more accurate gravity acceleration value can be obtained;

3. the lifting rod is provided with the protractor and the graduated scale, so that the heights of the photoelectric door, the electromagnet, the cycloid and the pendulum ball are conveniently adjusted, the length data of the cycloid are conveniently acquired, the early-stage preparation time of a simple harmonic motion experiment is saved, and the experiment efficiency is improved;

4. the wireless transmission module is arranged, so that the related data can be transmitted to an external terminal through the wireless transmission module, and the data can be conveniently summarized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the structural principle of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram of the position relationship among the photoelectric door, the swing ball and the lifting rod.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the positional relationship among the electromagnet, the pendulum ball, and the lift lever.

Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the support table, the lift lever, and the rotation module.

The reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a base; 2. a lifting rod; 3. a rotation module; 4. a cross bar; 5. cycloid; 6. placing a ball; 7. a photogate; 8. a photogate support platform; 9. an electromagnet; 10. a containing body; 11. an electromagnet support table;

31. a main gear; 32. a drive shaft; 33: a square groove; 34. a rotation stopping block; 35. a through hole; 36: a card slot; 37. a knob;

81. a slave gear; 82. an internal gear.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

The simple pendulum period measuring device mainly comprises a controller module, a relay module, an electromagnet 9, a photoelectric door 7, a display module, a laboratory table, a cycloid 5 and a pendulum ball 6; the pendulum ball 6 is fixed on the experiment table through a cycloid 5; the control end of the relay module is connected with the controller module, the relay module supplies power to the electromagnet 9 when being attracted, the electromagnet 9 attracts the pendulum ball 6, the electromagnet 9 is powered off when the relay module is disconnected, and the electromagnet 9 releases the pendulum ball 6; the output end of the photoelectric gate 7 is connected with the controller module, and a connecting line of transmitting and receiving of the photoelectric gate 7 is vertical to the trace of simple harmonic motion of the pendulum ball 6; the electromagnet 9 is equal to the pendulum ball 6 in height, and the center of the electromagnet 9 is positioned on the track of the simple harmonic motion of the pendulum ball 6; the display module is connected with the controller module. The functional block diagram of each structure is shown in fig. 1; the position relation of the photoelectric door 7, the swing ball 6 and the lifting rod 2 is shown in figure 2, which is a side view of the experiment table; the positional relationship among the electromagnet 9, the pendulum ball 6, and the lift lever 2 is shown in fig. 3, which is also a front view of the laboratory table.

The relay module mainly comprises a relay, and the working principle is as follows: when the controller module provides the trigger power to the relay, the relay is closed, a power supply source of the relay is switched on to supply power to the electromagnet 9, and when the electromagnet 9 supplies power, magnetic force is generated to adsorb the pendulum ball 6; when the controller module stops providing the trigger power to the relay, the relay is closed, the power supply of the relay is disconnected, the electromagnet 9 is stopped to supply power, and when the electromagnet 9 is powered off, the magnetic force disappears, and the pendulum ball 6 is released. When the electromagnet 9 adsorbs the swinging ball 6, the included angle between the cycloid 5 and the vertical direction is less than 15 degrees and is usually between 6 degrees and 10 degrees, the data detected by the photoelectric gate 7 is stable in the range, the statistical transmitting and receiving blocking times are appropriate, and the obtained periodic data are most accurate.

The photoelectric door 7 mainly comprises a U-shaped body, an infrared transmitting circuit and an infrared receiving circuit; the infrared transmitting circuit is arranged on one pin of the U-shaped body, and the infrared receiving circuit is arranged on the other pin of the U-shaped body; the infrared emission circuit is connected with the controller module; the infrared receiving circuit is connected with the controller module. The infrared transmitting circuit mainly comprises an infrared transmitting tube, and a controller module provides a power supply for the infrared transmitting tube. The infrared receiving circuit mainly comprises an infrared receiving tube and a signal processing circuit; after receiving the signal, the infrared receiving tube processes the signal and sends the processed signal to the controller module. The signal processing circuit processes analog-to-digital conversion, driving and conversion. In the simple harmonic motion process, the pendulum ball 6 can block the transmission and the reception of the photoelectric gate 7 every time the pendulum ball passes through the photoelectric gate 7, when the pendulum ball is blocked for the first time, the controller module starts internal timing, when the pendulum ball is blocked for the last time, the timing is stopped, and the difference value of the pendulum ball and the timing is the simple pendulum period.

The display module is a liquid crystal display, can be used for displaying the initial time, the final time and the simple pendulum period of each experiment, and can also display the gravity acceleration value obtained by calculation.

The experiment table comprises a lifting rod 2, a supporting table and a rotating module 3; the lifting rod 2 is hollow and internally provided with a rack, and openings are formed in the two sides of the lifting rod 2 in the range from the bottom surface of the lifting rod 2 to 90% of the height of the lifting rod; the support table is provided with a slave gear 81 and an internal gear 82; the rotating module 3 comprises a main gear 31, a driving shaft 32, a square groove 33, a rotation stopping block 34, a through hole 35, a clamping groove 36 and a knob 37; the secondary gear 81 penetrates through an opening on one side of the lifting rod 2 to enter an inner cavity of the lifting rod 2 and is meshed with the rack; the internal gear 82 is tightly attached to the support table to form a contact surface, the internal gear 82 is concentric with the contact surface, and the internal gear 82 is meshed with the main gear 31; the square groove 33, the rotation stopping block 34, the through hole 35 and the clamping groove 36 are arranged in the knob 37; the driving shaft 32 transversely penetrates through the lifting rod 2, one end of the driving shaft 32 is provided with a main gear 31, and the other end of the driving shaft 32 penetrates through the square groove 33 and the through hole 35 to be fixed on the clamping groove 36; the main gear 31 clings to one side of the lifting rod 2 and is meshed with the internal gear 82; a rotation stopping block 34 is arranged in the square groove 33 and is clamped with the driving shaft 32; a support table, namely a photoelectric door support table 8, is arranged for the photoelectric door 7, and the photoelectric door 7 is fixed on the photoelectric door support table 8; a support table, namely an electromagnet support table 11, is provided for the electromagnet 9, and the electromagnet 9 is fixed on the electromagnet support table 11. Fig. 4 shows a structural diagram of the support table, the lift lever 2, and the rotation module 3.

Furthermore, a rubber gasket is arranged inside the clamping groove 36, and the driving shaft 32 penetrates through the square groove 33, the through hole 35 and the rubber gasket and then is fixed on the clamping groove 36 through screws.

The relative positions of the rotary button 37, the square groove 33, the rotation stopping block 34, the through hole 35 and the clamping groove 36 are fixed, when the height is adjusted, the rotary button 37 and the driving shaft 32 rotate to drive the main gear 31 to operate, further drive the inner gear 82 to operate, further drive the driven gear 81 to operate, and the supporting rod completes lifting movement along the rack of the lifting rod 2 in the operation process of the driven gear 81.

A support table, namely a cross bar 4, is arranged for the cycloid curve 5 and the pendulum ball 6; one end of the cycloid 5 is fixed on the cross bar 4, and the other end of the cycloid 5 is connected with a pendulum ball 6. The height of the pendulum ball 6 can be adjusted by rotating the rotating module 3 on the cross rod 4, and the height of the pendulum ball 6 can be changed by changing the length of the cycloid 5; the height of the photoelectric door 7 can be adjusted by rotating the rotating module 3 on the photoelectric door supporting table 8; the height of the electromagnet 9 can be adjusted by rotating the rotary module 3 on the electromagnet support base 11. The heights of the pendulum ball 6, the photoelectric door 7 and the electromagnet 9 correspond: when the pendulum ball 6 does simple harmonic motion, a connecting line between the emission and the reception of the photoelectric gate 7 must be cut, and the optimal cutting mode is that the simple harmonic motion track of the pendulum ball 6 is vertical to the connecting line between the emission and the reception of the photoelectric gate 7; the center of the pendulum ball 6 and the center of the electromagnet 9 are equal in height, and the center of the electromagnet 9 must be on the track of the simple harmonic motion of the pendulum ball 6. The height adjustment can be carried out by means of a level gauge to judge whether the height is consistent or not.

Further, a protractor may be provided on the cross bar 4, which measures the acute angle of the cycloid 5 from the vertical. The cross rod 4 is provided with a hanging hole for tying the cycloid 5, and the pendulum ball 6 does simple harmonic motion by taking the hanging hole as the center of a circle; and the protractor is arranged at the hanging hole and used for detecting the acute angle included angle between the pendulum ball 6 and the vertical direction.

A graduated scale is arranged on the lifting rod 2; the graduated scale is parallel to the lifting rod 2; the scale has a range greater than the length of the cycloid 5. The graduated scale and the protractor can be arranged at the hanging hole together and used for measuring the length of the cycloid 5. During the experiment, the length of the cycloid 5 can be adjusted to adjust the height of the pendulum ball 6 to carry out the simple pendulum experiment.

The laboratory bench has still set up base 1, and lifter 2 is fixed in on the base 1, and all parts are propped up to base 1. The experimental bench is also provided with a containing body 10, and a controller module, a relay module and a display module are installed in the containing body 10.

The utility model is also provided with a wireless transmission module; the wireless transmission module is connected with the controller module and is also in wireless connection with an external terminal. The wireless transmission module can transmit the data of each single pendulum experiment to an external terminal, so that the data can be conveniently summarized.

Claims

1. Simple pendulum cycle measuring device, its characterized in that:

the device mainly comprises a controller module, a relay module, an electromagnet (9), a photoelectric door (7), a display module, a laboratory table, a cycloid (5) and a pendulum ball (6); the pendulum ball (6) is fixed on the experiment table through a cycloid (5);

the control end of the relay module is connected with the controller module, the relay module supplies power to the electromagnet (9) when being in an on state, the electromagnet (9) adsorbs the pendulum ball (6), the electromagnet (9) is powered off when the relay module is off, and the pendulum ball (6) is released by the electromagnet (9); the output end of the photoelectric gate (7) is connected with the controller module, and a connecting line of transmitting and receiving of the photoelectric gate (7) is vertical to the track of simple harmonic motion of the pendulum ball (6); the electromagnet (9) is as high as the pendulum ball (6), and the center of the electromagnet (9) is on the track of the simple harmonic motion of the pendulum ball (6); the display module is connected with the controller module;

the experiment table comprises a lifting rod (2), a supporting table and a rotating module (3); the lifting rod (2) is hollow and internally provided with a rack, and openings are formed in the two sides of the lifting rod (2) in the range from the bottom surface of the lifting rod (2) to 90% of the height of the lifting rod; the support table is provided with a slave gear (81) and an internal gear (82); the rotating module (3) comprises a main gear (31), a driving shaft (32), a square groove (33), a rotation stopping block (34), a through hole (35), a clamping groove (36) and a knob (37);

the slave gear (81) penetrates through an opening on one side of the lifting rod (2) to enter an inner cavity of the lifting rod (2), and the slave gear (81) is meshed with the rack; the internal gear (82) is tightly attached to the support table to form a contact surface, the internal gear (82) is concentric with the contact surface, and the internal gear (82) is meshed with the main gear (31); the square groove (33), the rotation stopping block (34), the through hole (35) and the clamping groove (36) are arranged in the knob (37); the lifting rod (2) is transversely penetrated through the driving shaft (32), a main gear (31) is arranged at one end of the driving shaft (32), and the other end of the driving shaft (32) penetrates through the square groove (33) and the through hole (35) to be fixed on the clamping groove (36); the main gear (31) is tightly attached to one side of the lifting rod (2) and meshed with the internal gear (82); a rotation stopping block (34) is arranged in the square groove (33) and is clamped with the driving shaft (32);

arranging a support table, namely a photoelectric door support table (8), for the photoelectric door (7), wherein the photoelectric door (7) is fixed on the photoelectric door support table (8); a supporting platform, namely an electromagnet supporting platform (11), is arranged for the electromagnet (9), and the electromagnet (9) is fixed on the electromagnet supporting platform (11).

2. The simple pendulum cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the electromagnet (9) adsorbs the pendulum ball (6), the included angle between the cycloid (5) and the vertical direction is less than 15 degrees.

3. The simple pendulum cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that:

arranging a support table, namely a cross bar (4), for the cycloid (5) and the pendulum ball (6); one end of the cycloid (5) is fixed on the cross bar (4), and the other end of the cycloid (5) is connected with a pendulum ball (6); and the cross rod (4) is provided with a protractor, and the protractor is used for measuring an acute angle included angle between the cycloid curve (5) and the vertical direction.

4. The simple pendulum cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:

a graduated scale is arranged on the lifting rod (2); the graduated scale is parallel to the lifting rod (2); the measuring range of the scale is larger than the length of the cycloid (5).

5. The simple pendulum cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the system also comprises a wireless transmission module; the wireless transmission module is connected with the controller module and is also in wireless connection with an external terminal.

6. The simple pendulum cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the photoelectric door (7) mainly comprises a U-shaped body, an infrared transmitting circuit and an infrared receiving circuit; the infrared transmitting circuit is arranged on one pin of the U-shaped body, and the infrared receiving circuit is arranged on the other pin of the U-shaped body; the infrared emission circuit is connected with the controller module; the infrared receiving circuit is connected with the controller module.