CN210712969U

CN210712969U - Underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation

Info

Publication number: CN210712969U
Application number: CN201920043233.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周兴邦; 吴杰
Original assignee: Wuhan Jingning Haobangshou Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan huibangping Engineering Co., Ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-11
Filing date: 2019-01-11
Publication date: 2020-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2029-01-11

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waterproof and moistureproof paving structure of an underground garage, which is sequentially provided with a plain concrete cushion layer, a flexible waterproof layer, a structure self-waterproof layer, a water-filtering concrete layer, a flexible supporting layer, an anti-cracking and moistureproof layer and a floor surface layer from bottom to top, wherein a drainage ditch is arranged in the structure layer above the structure self-waterproof layer; the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure paved by the process has the advantages that the underground garage is waterproof and moistureproof, has strong compressive capacity and good durability, and cracks cannot be directly formed and penetrated when the cracks occur due to the ineffectiveness; and function strong adaptability, infiltration water and steam can both in time be discharged by drainage concrete layer, can not make floor surface layer ponding, avoids influencing normal use.

Description

Underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation

Technical Field

The utility model relates to underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing technical field, concretely relates to underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation.

Background

At present, a conventional basement bottom plate sequentially comprises a concrete cushion layer, a waterproof layer, a concrete structure bottom plate and a floor surface layer from bottom to top. The waterproof layer is usually an organic waterproof coiled material, so that the strength is low, the waterproof layer is easy to damage in construction, the durability of organic matters is poor, the waterproof layer can be aged and damaged after long-term use, and the whole waterproof effect can be failed due to one-point damage. In the common concrete structure, because the concrete contains a large number of pores and microcracks (in micron order), the water and the water vapor of the basement often easily permeate into the concrete, so that various durability problems are caused, and particularly when the underground water pressure is too high, the water and the water vapor easily permeate to the ground surface through the concrete, so that the basement is wet. Meanwhile, because concrete is a brittle material, the bottom plate is easy to crack under the stress action generated by temperature stress, shrinkage stress and uneven settlement. Therefore, the floor of the garage of a plurality of basements is often cracked and leaked after being used for a period of time, and water is accumulated; underground water seeps out through the capillary holes of the bottom plate concrete to form water spots, and the underground garage is too wet; if the underground garage is used for making resin terraces such as epoxy or polyurethane, the bonding surface of the resin terrace film and a concrete floor is often propped open due to the permeation of water vapor or the seepage of water, so that bulges and delaminations (the resin film is not breathable and permeable, and the water vapor transmitted by the bottom plate cannot be transmitted through and only can prop open the terrace film) are formed, and the maintenance cost is increased. Meanwhile, the surface compactness of the common concrete floor surface is poor, the strength is low, and the dust is easy to rise, so that even if underground water vapor or water is not permeated, the dust on the concrete surface can be used for a long time to cause degumming with the bonding surface of the epoxy floor, thereby causing the deterioration and damage of the floor.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing a to the problem that prior art exists, provide a underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation, from supreme plain concrete bed course, flexible waterproof layer, the structure of being equipped with in proper order, drainage concrete layer, flexible supporting layer, anti dampproof course and terrace surface layer of splitting down, the structure is provided with the escape canal in the structural layer more than the waterproof layer. The waterproof and moistureproof paving structure has strong pressure resistance and good durability, and all layers are mutually reinforced and supplemented, so that the waterproof and moistureproof performance is higher than that of the existing common paving structure, and the basement is effectively prevented from being wet or even seeped.

Specifically, the thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer is 80-100mm, and the plain concrete cushion layer is uniformly paved on a base surface. After the concrete is vibrated to be compact, the surface is screeded by a wooden trowel, and the construction of the previous layer is started after the maintenance is finished.

Specifically, the flexible waterproof layer is a synthetic polymer coiled material or a modified asphalt coiled material, the coiled materials are bonded by hot melting or self-bonding, and the coiled materials are bonded on the plain concrete cushion layer by waterproof glue or are reversely bonded on the lower surface of the structural self-waterproof layer; or the flexible waterproof layer is cement-based flexible waterproof mortar, and the cement-based flexible waterproof mortar is poured and laid on the plain concrete cushion layer and has the thickness of 1-4 mm. When the flexible waterproof layer is under the action of an external force, the coiled material or the cement-based flexible waterproof mortar has certain expansion ductility (elasticity like rubber), can resist cracking of a base layer within the elastic range of a waterproof material, and has certain flexibility.

Specifically, the self-waterproof layer of the structure is reinforced concrete with the thickness of 400-600cm, and the anti-seepage additive is mixed into the reinforced concrete. The anti-permeability additive is an expanding agent or a waterproof agent, the addition of the anti-permeability additive enables the reinforced concrete to generate certain limited expansion, inhibits micro cracks and increases the compactness of set cement, and generates disconnected bubbles inside, cuts off a capillary channel and changes a pore structure, so that the anti-permeability of the concrete is improved, and the anti-permeability grade is equal to or greater than P4 grade; the structure is thickest from waterproof layer surface structure, has waterproof and two kinds of functions of bearing concurrently.

Specifically, the water-filtering concrete layer is paved by water-filtering concrete, the thickness of the water-filtering concrete layer is 60-120mm, broken stones or pebbles are used as aggregates, and drainage ditches are arranged at the periphery of the water-filtering concrete layer. The broken stone can be at least one of limestone broken stone, basalt broken stone, diabase broken stone and granite broken stone, and the particle size is 5-10 mm or 10-20 mm. The drainage concrete layer has wide drainage surface and large drainage quantity, and the whole drainage process is carried out below the surface layer. The water collected by drainage can be directly discharged by a water pump through a drainage ditch, so that the underground garage is prevented from accumulating water due to external leakage or internal leakage.

The water-filtering concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80% of aggregate, 13-20% of cement, 0.5-1.0% of reinforcing material, 0.13-0.4% of high-strength inorganic fiber, 0.4-1.2% of rubber powder and 4-6% of water; the particle size of the aggregate is 5-20 mm; the reinforcing material is a composite additive of an active nano-silicon-aluminum material and organic functional molecules.

The water-filtering concrete has good water permeability and impact resistance, is not easy to crack and block, has good durability and large water discharge, can be used as a water-filtering concrete layer of the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure, and solves the problems that the existing common concrete system has no water-filtering flow guide function and is easy to crack, leak and accumulate water. On the premise of ensuring that the ground bearing capacity of the underground garage is not reduced, even if the flexible waterproof layer is damaged and/or the structure has micro cracks from the waterproof layer, the reverse-seepage underground water and the moisture can be guided out to the drainage ditch through the drainage concrete layer in time, the ground is protected from getting damp, water accumulation is prevented from seeping, and the basement terrace is not damaged due to the moisture of the bottom plate or the seepage water.

Specifically, the flexible supporting layer is a fiber thin-layer porous non-woven fabric, a porous woven fabric or a non-porous polymer film material, the flexible supporting layer is laid on the draining concrete layer, and the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer is poured on the flexible supporting layer. When the thickness of the crack-resistant moisture-proof layer of the upper layer is less than 80mm, the flexible supporting layer is made of fiber thin-layer porous non-woven fabric or porous woven fabric; when the thickness of the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer of the upper layer is more than or equal to 80mm, the flexible supporting layer is preferably a non-porous high polymer film. The fiber thin-layer porous non-woven fabric or the porous woven fabric has the function of supporting up and down, and plays a role in supporting, isolating and preventing the water-filtered concrete pores from being blocked in the upper layer mixture pouring stage. Meanwhile, the porous net structure of the concrete filter does not hinder the adhesion of upper layer pavement to the filtered concrete, and delamination is avoided. And the net structure can be fused into the bottom of the cement-based anti-cracking moisture-proof layer on the upper layer, and the cement-based anti-cracking moisture-proof layer becomes an integral body after the cement-based anti-cracking moisture-proof layer is hardened, so that the reinforcing effect of a fiber net framework is achieved, the cracking caused by the whole surface tension shrinkage of the upper layer and the lower layer and external force can be effectively avoided, and the effects of inter-layer anti-cracking and hollowing. The aporate polymer film plays a role in supporting, isolating and preventing the blockage of the water-filtered concrete pores in the upper layer mixture pouring stage, and plays a role in completely isolating water and moisture and preventing the development of lower layer cracks to the surface layer.

Specifically, the nonporous polymer film material may be one or more of Polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS), polyester film (PET), polypropylene (PP), and nylon.

Specifically, the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer is fine aggregate concrete added with steel fibers, and the thickness of the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer is 60-120 mm; or the anti-cracking and damp-proof layer is polymer modified thick-layer cement-based self-leveling mortar, and the thickness is 20-30 mm. The strength of the fine stone concrete added with the steel fiber reaches above C25, and the steel fiber added has good crack resistance, so that the fine stone concrete is suitable for an underground garage with higher integral rigidity requirement; when the underground garage is an independent brick column or an environment with large vibration, the polymer modified thick-layer cement-based self-leveling mortar can be adopted to play the roles of moisture prevention, shock absorption and crack resistance.

Specifically, the terrace surface layer is one or more of a sealant curing terrace, an epoxy terrace, a polyurethane terrace, a carborundum wear-resistant terrace, a terrazzo terrace and a self-flowing plane layer. In practice, the choice is made according to the requirements of the underground garage.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that: 1. the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure has strong compression resistance and good durability, and all layers are mutually enhanced and supplemented, so that the waterproof and moistureproof performance of the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure is higher than that of the existing common paving structure, and the basement is effectively prevented from being wet and even seeping; 2. the thick self-waterproof layer and the flexible waterproof layer below the self-waterproof layer can prevent underground water vapor and water from diffusing upwards; 3. the drainage concrete layer in the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure has wide drainage surface, large drainage quantity and difficult blockage, and even if the bottom plate cracks due to construction reasons or ineffectiveness such as uneven settlement, the permeated water and water vapor can be guided out to the drainage ditch below the floor surface layer through the drainage concrete layer in time no matter where the bottom plate cracks, so that the floor surface layer is not damaged or accumulated water, and the normal use of the underground garage is influenced; 4. when cracks occur due to the fact that the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure meets the force which is not resistant, the cracks cannot be directly formed and penetrated, and the cracks are usually prevented from being formed at interfaces of different structural layers; 5. when the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer is thin (less than 80mm), the fiber thin-layer porous non-woven fabric is selected as the flexible supporting layer and is used as the fiber mesh framework to be fused into the upper anti-cracking moisture-proof layer, so that the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer has the characteristics of toughness enhancement and difficulty in cracking. 6. When the thickness of the crack-resistant moisture-proof layer is thicker (more than or equal to 80mm), a non-porous polymer film is selected as the flexible supporting layer, so that the crack-resistant moisture-proof layer has the characteristics of completely isolating water and moisture and preventing the lower layer crack from developing towards the surface layer.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure of the underground garage of the utility model;

fig. 2 is the utility model discloses another underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation schematic diagram

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the drainage pipe of the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure of the underground garage of the utility model;

in the figure: 1. a plain concrete cushion; 2. a flexible waterproof layer; 3. a structural self-waterproof layer; 4. draining the concrete layer; 5. a flexible support layer; 6. an anti-cracking moisture barrier; 7. a floor finish; 8. a drainage ditch; 9. a drain pipe; 10. a water drainage groove.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, the underground garage waterproof and moistureproof paving structure is provided with a plain concrete cushion layer 1, a flexible waterproof layer 2, a structure self-waterproof layer 3, a water-filtering concrete layer 4, a flexible supporting layer 5, an anti-cracking and moistureproof layer 6 and a terrace surface layer 7 from bottom to top in sequence, and the structure is provided with a drainage ditch 8 in a structure layer above the waterproof layer.

Specifically, the thickness of the plain concrete cushion layer 1 is 80mm, and the plain concrete cushion layer is uniformly paved on a base surface. And after the concrete is vibrated to be compact, the surface is rubbed to be flat by a wooden trowel, and the construction of the previous layer is started after the maintenance is finished.

Specifically, the flexible waterproof layer 2 is a synthetic polymer coiled material or a modified asphalt coiled material, the coiled materials are bonded through hot melting, and the coiled materials are bonded on the plain concrete cushion layer 1 through waterproof glue. When the flexible waterproof layer 2 is under the action of external force, the coiled material has certain expansion ductility (elasticity like rubber), can resist cracking of the base layer within the elastic range of the waterproof material, and presents certain flexibility.

Specifically, the structural self-waterproof layer 3 is reinforced concrete with the thickness of 500cm, and the reinforced concrete is mixed with a UEA expanding agent and an air entraining agent. The addition of the UEA expanding agent and the air entraining agent ensures that the reinforced concrete generates certain limited expansion, inhibits micro cracks and increases the compactness of set cement, generates disconnected bubbles inside, cuts off a capillary channel and changes a pore structure, so that the impermeability of the concrete is improved, and the impermeability grade is equal to or greater than the P4 grade; the structure is thickest from waterproof layer surface structure, has waterproof and two kinds of functions of bearing concurrently.

Specifically, the water-filtering concrete layer 4 is paved by water-filtering concrete, the thickness of the water-filtering concrete layer is 90mm, broken stones are used as aggregates, and drainage ditches 8 are arranged on the periphery of the water-filtering concrete layer 4. The drainage concrete layer 4 has wide drainage surface and large drainage amount, and can be directly drained by a drainage ditch water pump so as to prevent water accumulation of the underground garage caused by external leakage or internal water leakage.

The water-filtering concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 76.5 percent of 15mm single-stage basalt broken stone, 16.5 percent of cement, 0.70 percent of reinforcing material, 0.30 percent of high-strength inorganic fiber, 0.7 percent of 100-mesh rubber powder and 5.3 percent of water; the high-strength inorganic fiber is basalt chopped fiber, and the length of the fiber is 10 mm; the reinforcing material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 47.1 percent of silica fume, 7 percent of fumed silica and 35 percent of superfine metakaolin; 9 percent of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.2 percent of diisobutyl naphthalene sulfonate, 1.5 percent of monobutylene glycol and 0.2 percent of Xipurine gum.

The water-filtering concrete prepared by adopting the raw materials has good water permeability and impact resistance, is not easy to crack and block and has good durability, thereby ensuring the functions of water permeability, drainage and water guide of the water-filtering concrete layer. Once the groundwater or water vapor permeates up to the drainage concrete layer 4, the groundwater or water vapor is guided to the drainage ditch at the layer and is discharged without continuously permeating to the upper layer due to the good water permeating, draining and guiding functions of the drainage concrete. Similarly, when the accumulated water permeates into the drainage concrete layer 4 from the upper layer, the accumulated water is guided and discharged by the drainage concrete and cannot continuously permeate into the lower layer. Similarly, when external rainwater flows backward into the drainage concrete layer 4 from the surface layer, the water can be quickly absorbed by the drainage concrete and guided to be discharged, and accumulated water cannot be formed on the floor surface layer continuously.

Specifically, the flexible supporting layer 5 is a nonporous high polymer film made of a PE material, the flexible supporting layer 5 is laid on the draining concrete layer 4, and the crack-resistant moisture-proof layer 6 is poured on the flexible supporting layer 5. The flexible supporting layer 5 has the function of supporting up and down, plays a role in supporting and isolating to prevent plugging of the water-filtered concrete pores in the upper layer mixture pouring stage, and plays a role in enhancing the water-resisting and moisture-proof effect and preventing the development of lower layer cracks to the surface layer.

Specifically, the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer 6 is fine aggregate concrete added with steel fibers, and the thickness is 100 mm. The strength of the fine stone concrete added with the steel fiber reaches above C25, and the steel fiber added has good crack resistance, so that the fine stone concrete is suitable for an underground garage with higher integral rigidity requirement.

Specifically, according to the requirements of an underground garage, the floor surface layer 7 is selected to be a polyurethane floor, and polyurethane paint is coated or sprayed on the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer 6.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 2, the waterproof and moistureproof paving structure for the underground garage is sequentially provided with a plain concrete cushion layer 1, a flexible waterproof layer 2, a structural self-waterproof layer 3, a water-filtered concrete layer 4, a flexible supporting layer 5, an anti-cracking and moistureproof layer 6 and a terrace surface layer 7, wherein a drainage ditch 8 is arranged in the structural layer above the structural self-waterproof layer.

Specifically, the flexible waterproof layer 2 is cement-based flexible waterproof mortar, and the cement-based flexible waterproof mortar is poured and laid on the plain concrete cushion layer, wherein the thickness of the cement-based flexible waterproof mortar is 2 mm. When the flexible waterproof layer 2 is acted by an external force, the cement-based flexible waterproof mortar has certain telescopic ductility, can resist cracking of a base layer within the elastic range of a waterproof material, and has certain flexibility.

Specifically, drainage concrete layer 4 adopts drainage concrete to lay, and thickness is 90mm, adopts the rubble to make the aggregate, set up vertical water drainage tank 10 and horizontal drain pipe 9 in the drainage concrete layer 4, as shown in fig. 3, water drainage tank 10 both ends are connected drain pipe 9, drain pipe 9 is the porous infiltration pipe in surface that the cross-section is circular or semicircular, the surface of water drainage tank 10 is porous structure, drainage concrete layer 4 periphery sets up escape canal 8. The drainage concrete layer 4 has wide drainage surface and large drainage amount, and can be directly drained by a drainage ditch water pump so as to prevent water accumulation of the underground garage caused by external leakage or internal water leakage.

The flexible supporting layer 5 is a fiber thin-layer porous non-woven fabric, the flexible supporting layer 5 is laid on the drainage concrete layer 4, and when the flexible supporting layer is laid, the phenomena that the gap cannot be generated and the lap joint cannot meet the requirements can be noticed, and the lap joint length is more than or equal to 70 MM; the flexible supporting layer 5 has the function of supporting up and down, and plays a role in supporting, isolating and preventing the filtered concrete pores from being blocked in the upper layer mixture pouring stage. Meanwhile, the porous net structure of the concrete filter does not hinder the adhesion of upper layer pavement to the filtered concrete, and delamination is avoided. And the net structure can be fused into the bottom of the cement-based anti-cracking moisture-proof layer on the upper layer, and the cement-based anti-cracking moisture-proof layer becomes an integral body after the cement-based anti-cracking moisture-proof layer is hardened, so that the reinforcing effect of a fiber net framework is achieved, the cracking caused by the whole surface tension shrinkage of the upper layer and the lower layer and external force can be effectively avoided, and the effects of inter-layer anti-cracking and hollowing.

The anti-cracking moisture-proof layer 6 is polymer modified thick-layer cement-based self-leveling mortar, and the thickness is 25 mm; when the underground garage is an independent brick column or an environment with large vibration, the polymer modified thick-layer cement-based self-leveling mortar can be adopted to play the roles of moisture prevention, shock absorption and crack resistance.

The floor surface layer 7 is an epoxy floor, and epoxy floor paint which is formed by mixing and processing epoxy resin as a main material, a curing agent, a diluent, a solvent, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, certain fillers and the like is coated on the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer 6.

The other layer structures in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an underground garage dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation, a serial communication port, dampproofing and waterproofing structure of mating formation is equipped with plain concrete bed course, flexible waterproof layer, structure from waterproof layer, drainage concrete layer, flexible supporting layer, anti dampproof course and terrace surface layer from supreme down in proper order, the structure is provided with the escape canal in the structural layer more than the waterproof layer.

2. The underground garage waterproof and moistureproof paving structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plain concrete cushion layer has a thickness of 80-100mm and is uniformly paved on a base surface.

3. The underground garage waterproof and moistureproof paving structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible waterproof layer is a synthetic polymer coil or a modified asphalt coil, the coils are bonded together by hot melt or self-bonding, and the coils are bonded on the plain concrete cushion layer by waterproof glue or are inversely bonded on the lower surface of the self-waterproof layer of the structure; or the flexible waterproof layer is cement-based flexible waterproof mortar, and the cement-based flexible waterproof mortar is poured and laid on the plain concrete cushion layer and has the thickness of 1-4 mm.

4. The underground garage waterproof and dampproof paving structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self-waterproof layer of the structure is reinforced concrete with a thickness of 400-600 cm.

5. The underground garage waterproof and moistureproof paving structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-filtering concrete layer is paved by water-filtering concrete.

6. The underground garage waterproof and dampproof paving structure of claim 5, characterized in that: the thickness of the water-filtering concrete layer is 60-120mm, broken stones or pebbles are used as aggregate, and the drainage ditch is arranged on the periphery of the water-filtering concrete layer.

7. The underground garage waterproof and moistureproof paving structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible supporting layer is a fibrous thin-layer porous non-woven fabric, a porous woven fabric or a non-porous polymer film material, the flexible supporting layer is paved on the draining concrete layer, and the crack-resistant and moistureproof layer is poured on the flexible supporting layer; when the thickness of the crack-resistant moisture-proof layer of the upper layer is less than 80mm, the flexible supporting layer is made of fiber thin-layer porous non-woven fabric or porous woven fabric; when the thickness of the anti-cracking moisture-proof layer of the upper layer is larger than or equal to 80mm, the flexible supporting layer is made of a non-porous high polymer film material.

8. The underground garage waterproof and moistureproof paving structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crack-resistant and moistureproof layer is fine stone concrete added with steel fiber, and the thickness is 60-120 mm; or the anti-cracking and damp-proof layer is polymer modified thick-layer cement-based self-leveling mortar, and the thickness is 20-30 mm.

9. The underground garage waterproof and dampproof paving structure of claim 1, wherein the terrace surface layer is one or more of a sealant cured terrace, an epoxy terrace, a polyurethane terrace, a carborundum wear-resistant terrace, a terrazzo terrace, and a gravity flow plane layer.