CN210702928U - A small modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine, which comprises a bed with chip removal grooves, a B-axis turntable (2) is installed on the left side of the upper surface of the bed via a turntable bearing, and a B-axis turntable is mounted on the B-axis turntable on the left side. A cutter head spindle box (3) with a cutter head spindle (4) is installed, an end milling cutter head (5) is installed at the front end of the cutter head spindle, and the axis of the cutter head spindle passes through the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable; the bed A workpiece spindle box (11) that can move forward and backward, up and down, left and right is arranged on the right rear part of the upper surface of the workpiece spindle box, a workpiece spindle (12) is installed in the workpiece spindle box, and a fixture and a gear to be processed (13) are installed at the front end of the workpiece spindle; A standard truss manipulator (14) is provided on the front right side of the upper surface of the bed, and a material tray (15) is provided below the truss manipulator. The machine tool of the utility model has the characteristics of compact structure, easy protection, ultra-short stroke and high degree of automation.

Description

A small modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine

technical field

The utility model relates to a spiral bevel gear milling machine, in particular to a small modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine.

Background technique

Small modulus spiral bevel gears are mainly used in the fields of electric tools, industrial sewing machines and robots. Before 1989, Gleason Company of the United States produced No.102 mechanical gear milling machine specially for processing small modulus spiral bevel gears, which was produced by Kingelnberg Company of Germany The FK-41B mechanical gear milling machine is specially designed for processing small module bevel gears.

The structural principle diagram of Gleason's utility model CNC gear milling machine is shown in Figure 1. It abandons the original complex transmission system and adjustment links, and uses three linear axes of X, Y, Z and three loops of A, B, and C instead. All kinds of bevel gears and hypoid gears can be processed by controlling them through the computer for six-axis and five-linkage. This CNC gear milling machine has been widely used in the automotive industry and industrial fields. However, due to cost reasons, both Gleason and Klingelnberg currently no longer produce CNC gear milling machines for processing small module bevel gears, and of course no longer produce No.102 and FK-41B mechanical gear milling machines.

Foreign gear factories have to buy large-scale CNC machine tools to process small-module spiral bevel gears, which is obviously not economical. In China, a simple CNC gear milling machine with a fixed B-axis (as shown in Figure 2) is used to process small-modulus spiral bevel gears. The simple CNC gear milling machine has the following problems:

1. The calculation results of advanced software cannot be accepted

When machining bevel gears and hypoid gears, it is necessary to use special software (Gleason's CAGE software and Klingelnberg's KIMOS software, each software import costs more than 700,000 yuan) to calculate the adjustment parameters of the machine tool, and the small wheel processing parameters must include Parameters of the tool tilting mechanism. Because the B-axis of the simple CNC gear milling machine is fixed, it cannot accept these parameters and process bevel gears and hypoid gears according to these parameters. The result can only be made by the operator's experience. For relatively simple spiral bevel gears, this is barely feasible. For complex hypoid gears and high reduction ratio gears, this machine cannot do anything.

2. The measurement center cannot be used to measure the shape error of the gear and carry out reverse adjustment correction

The tooth surface of bevel gears and hypoid gears is a complex space surface. The shape of the tooth surface cannot be measured with a simple measuring tool, but the measurement center can be used to measure its error and use special anti-tune software to calculate its correction parameters. In this way, a qualified tooth surface can be processed quickly. The tooth surface of the gear processed by the simple CNC gear milling machine is given by the operator based on experience. There is no theoretical tooth surface. Of course, the measurement center cannot be used to measure the error, not to mention the use of counter-adjustment software to correct the tooth surface processing parameters. .

3. No high-precision gears can be processed

Among mechanical parts, spiral bevel gears and hypoid gears belong to precision parts, and bevel gear processing machines belong to high-end CNC machine tools. In order to compete at a low price, the simple CNC gear milling machine adopts semi-closed loop control and simple CNC system. This configuration cannot meet the requirements of high-end CNC machine tools, and of course it is impossible to process high-precision gear pairs.

4. It’s hard to automate

It is difficult for a simple CNC gear milling machine to realize automatic production. There are two reasons for this: one reason is that the B-axis is fixed, and the installation position of each type of gear is different. It is difficult to realize automatic loading and unloading. The second reason is that the price of the simple CNC gear milling machine is very low, the most expensive is only more than 200,000 yuan, and the cheap one is only 160,000 yuan. More importantly, the price of the gears processed by it is lower. 40 years ago, a pair of power tool gears for 40 yuan can only sell for about 10 yuan now, and it is not cost-effective to use automation.

It can be seen from Figure 1 and Figure 2 that neither the foreign CNC gear milling machine nor the domestic simple CNC gear milling machine is suitable for the production of small modulus spiral bevel gears, because:

1. The volume of the small modulus spiral bevel gear is very small, and the structure shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 is too large and not compact;

2. The B-axis is the most difficult mechanism among all CNC gear milling machines. It can be seen from Figure 1 and Figure 2 that the movement range of the B-axis is only about 100 degrees, and it can only be driven by a fan-shaped cylindrical gear or friction wheel. However, the sector gear is not only difficult to manufacture, but also more troublesome to eliminate the gap between the gear pairs; the pressure of the friction wheel is not well controlled, and it is easy to slip when the pressure is small, and the machine tool will deform when the pressure is large. What's more troublesome is that the whole A-axis workpiece box is pressed on the B-axis sliding plate, and the friction force is too large, which is easy to crawl;

3. The small module gear is small in size and is not suitable for automatic loading and unloading with conveyor belts.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a small modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine, which has the characteristics of compact structure, easy protection, ultra-short stroke and high degree of automation.

First of all, it should be noted that the "left side" and "right side" mentioned in this article refer to the left or right side of the plane where the drawing is located, and the "front" refers to the side close to the machining position of the workpiece. "Back" refers to the side away from where the workpiece is machined.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model provides a small modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine, which comprises a bed, and:

The left side of the upper surface of the bed is provided with an annular chip removal groove and a cooling oil return channel, a turntable bearing concentric with the chip removal groove is installed on the bed in the chip removal groove, and a drum-shaped disc is installed on the turntable bearing. A B-axis turntable in the shape of a B-axis, a cutter head spindle box is installed on the B-axis turntable, a cutter head spindle is installed in the cutter head spindle box, and a face milling cutter head for machining gears is installed at the front end of the cutter head spindle, And the axis of the cutter head spindle passes through the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable;

The right rear part of the upper surface of the bed is provided with a Z-axis guide rail that is parallel to the ground, a Z-axis slide table that can move left and right is installed on the Z-axis guide rail, and a Y-axis guide rail that is perpendicular to the ground is arranged in front of the Z-axis slide table. A Y-axis slide table that can move up and down is installed on the Y-axis guide rail. The front of the Y-axis slide table is provided with an X-axis guide rail that is perpendicular to both the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail. The X-axis guide rail is provided with a workpiece spindle that can move back and forth. The workpiece spindle box is installed with a workpiece spindle, and the front end of the workpiece spindle is equipped with a fixture and a gear to be processed;

A truss manipulator is arranged on the right front part of the upper surface of the bed, and a material tray is arranged below the truss manipulator.

In the above solution, the diameter of the B-axis turntable is larger than the inner circle of the chip flute, so as to ensure that the chips flow into the chip flute under the action of the cooling oil, and flow into the oil tank with the filter screen through the channel.

In the above solution, the distance from the front end surface of the cutter head spindle to the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable is basically close to the height of the end-milling cutter head, so as to ensure that the distance from the midpoint of the cutter nose plane to the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable is relatively close. Small.

In the above solution, a numerical control system and electrical components for control are installed in the machine bed, so that the machine tool occupies a small area and has a compact structure.

In the above solution, the positions of the workpiece spindle and the cutter head spindle can be interchanged, forming another design of the gear milling machine.

In the above solution, the B-axis turntable is driven by a torque motor, or manually. When the torque motor is driven, the five-axis numerical control system can be used to realize the six-axis and five-linkage of the machine tool, so that the machine tool of the utility model can process the small-modulus spiral bevel gear, hypoid gear and high reduction ratio gear by the full process method. When the B-axis turntable can only be adjusted manually, the four-axis CNC system can only be used to realize four linkages. Although the cost is greatly reduced, it can only process small-modulus spiral bevel gear pairs, hypoid gear pairs, and high reduction ratio gear pairs. in the big wheel.

Compared with the prior art, the gear milling machine of the present utility model covers an area of only about 1200×1000, and the structure is very compact. Not only is the B-axis structure simple and reliable, but also automatic loading and unloading are realized, and the machine tool structure shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 is successfully solved. existing problems.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the world's first CNC gear milling machine proposed by American Gleason Company in 1989.

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simple CNC gear milling machine produced in China.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the small module spiral bevel gear milling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of each parameter involved in the use of the utility model.

In the picture: 1. Machine bed; 2. B-axis turntable; 3. Cutter spindle box; 4. Cutter spindle; 5. Face milling cutter head; 6. Z-axis guide rail; 7. Z-axis slide table; 8. Y Axis guide rail; 9, Y-axis slide table; 10, X-axis guide rail; 11, workpiece spindle box; 12, workpiece spindle; 13, gear to be processed; 14, truss manipulator; 15, material tray; 16, chip flute.

Detailed ways

The present utility model will be further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereby.

As shown in FIG. 3 , an embodiment of the small module spiral bevel gear milling machine of the present invention includes a bed 1, and the left side of the upper surface of the bed 1 is provided with a cooling oil return channel and an annular chip removal groove 16, The bed 1 in the chip groove 16 is installed with a turntable bearing concentrically arranged with the chip removal groove. The cutter head spindle 4 is provided with an end face milling cutter head 5 for machining gears. A Z-axis guide rail 6 parallel to the ground is arranged on the right rear part of the upper surface of the bed 1, a Z-axis slide table 7 that can move left and right is installed on the Z-axis guide rail 6, and a Y-axis vertical to the ground is arranged in front of the Z-axis slide table 7. The Y-axis guide rail 8, the Y-axis guide rail 8 is installed with a Y-axis slide table 9 that can move up and down, and the front of the Y-axis slide table 9 is provided with an X-axis guide rail 10 that is perpendicular to the Y-axis guide rail 8 and the Z-axis guide rail 6. The X-axis guide The guide rail 10 is provided with a workpiece headstock 11 that can move back and forth. A workpiece spindle 12 is installed in the workpiece spindle box 11 , and the front end of the workpiece spindle 12 is mounted with a fixture and a gear to be processed 13 . A truss manipulator 14 (two) is arranged on the front right side of the upper surface of the bed 1 so as to quickly realize the loading and unloading actions. The truss manipulator 14 is provided with a tray 15 that is easy to install and has accurate positioning, so as to ensure that the truss manipulator 14 can easily grab the tooth blanks from the tray 15 and place the processed gears.

The bed 1 can be made of cast iron. The main processing part is the position where the B-axis turntable 2 is installed and the Z-axis guide 6 is installed. The interior of the bed 1 is basically empty, and electrical components for control can be installed, but it must be taken into account. Easy maintenance and installation space.

The B-axis turntable 2 is a drum-shaped disc and is cast with ductile iron. The B-axis turntable 2 is connected to the bed 1 with a turntable bearing, preferably driven by a torque motor and controlled by a high-precision grating element. The diameter of the B-axis turntable 2 is slightly larger than the inner circle of the chip flute to ensure that the chips flow into the chip flute under the action of the cooling oil, and the cooling oil with chips flows into the oil tank with the filter screen through the channel. The rotation range of the B-axis turntable 2 is only 95 degrees, which plays an important role in the formation of the tooth surface shape. The cutter head spindle box 3 is fixed on the B-axis turntable 2 with bolts, and the axis of the cutter head spindle 4 passes through the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable 2, and the distance from the front end surface of the cutter head spindle 4 to the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable 2 is slightly greater than The height of the face milling cutter disc 5 is to ensure that the distance from the midpoint of the tool nose plane to the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable 2 is very small. The cutter head spindle 4 can be driven by a torque motor or a servo motor, and a face milling cutter head with a diameter of 0.5~3.5 inches is installed to ensure that the cutter head can obtain a cutting speed of 60~100m/min.

Z-axis slide table 7, Y-axis slide table 9 and workpiece headstock 11 are all cast with ductile iron, and Z-axis guide rails 6, Y-axis guide rails 8 and X-axis guide rails 10 use 25mm high-precision roller guide rails. The workpiece spindle 12 is driven by a torque motor or a high-precision worm gear pair. The front end of the workpiece spindle 12 is provided with a Morse 4# taper inner hole to install the workpiece fixture and workpiece. When automatic loading and unloading, an elastic chuck that can be automatically controlled must be used. .

The truss manipulator 14 is a standard part. In this embodiment, a double-headed gripper that can be converted in two directions at 90 degrees is selected, so that the tooth blank can be grabbed in the direction perpendicular to the ground, and then converted into a workpiece fixture inserted into the workpiece spindle 12 in the horizontal direction. , or take out the processed gear in the horizontal direction, and then convert it to the vertical direction and put the processed gear back into the original position in the material tray 15 .

When the device of the utility model is used, as shown in Figure 4, the machine tool coordinate system is established with the intersection of the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable 2 and the movement plane of the cutter head spindle 4 as the origin O, and the axis direction of the workpiece spindle is the X axis, which is perpendicular to the ground. The direction is the Y-axis, and the direction perpendicular to both the X-axis and the Y-axis is the Z-axis. The coordinates of the intersection of the workpiece spindle rotation axis and the spindle end face in the machine tool coordinate system are (x, y, z), a is the rotation angle of the workpiece spindle when the workpiece is being processed, and b is the swing angle of the B-axis turntable. In the figure, Ad is the length of the workpiece fixture, Md is the installation distance of the workpiece, L is the distance from the origin O to the installation end face of the cutter head, which is a machine constant, and H is the actual height of the cutter head. After the actual data of the workpiece drawing and the cutter head are given, the specific values of a, b, x, y, and z [MeMeX1], the CNC system drives the B-axis turntable and cutter according to the calculated a, b, x, y, and z values. The precise movement of the disc spindle, the workpiece headstock and the workpiece spindle can process the required gears.

The process of gear machining is described in more detail below:

1. After the machine tool is started, the gripper on the vertical ground of the first truss manipulator grabs the first part in the tray 15 and switches to the horizontal direction, and then quickly moves to the feeding position. At the same time, the workpiece spindle 12 quickly reaches the feeding position through the movement of the X, Y, and Z axes to prepare for receiving the material;

2. The first truss manipulator sends the tooth blank into the fixture on the workpiece spindle 12 and clamps it with hydraulic pressure. The first truss manipulator returns to grab the second tooth blank and runs to the waiting position;

3. The cutter head is started to feed to the processing position, the cooling oil is turned on, and the workpiece spindle 12 quickly runs to the processing position. Through the rotation of the workpiece spindle, the cutter head spindle, and the B-axis turntable, and with the workpiece spindle box in the X, Y, and Z axes The six-axis five-linkage composed of the linear movement on the machine, the first tooth slot is machined;

4. The cutter head is withdrawn in the direction perpendicular to the tooth bottom of the first tooth slot and after the gear is indexed, the cutter head is fed to the processing position, and the workpiece spindle, cutter head spindle, and B-axis turntable are rotated to match the workpiece. The six-axis five-linkage composed of the linear movement of the headstock on the X, Y, and Z axes, the second tooth slot is machined;

5. Cycle back and forth to process the entire gear;

6. Each axis quickly returns to the starting position, the fixture is released, and the second truss manipulator in the horizontal direction takes out the processed gear from the fixture and turns to the vertical direction. At this time, the first truss manipulator, which was originally in the vertical direction and held the tooth blank in the waiting position, changes to the horizontal direction to feed the fixture;

7. The second truss manipulator quickly retreats and puts the processed parts back to the original position in the material tray 15, and at the same time grabs the second tooth blank in the specified order;

8. Repeat steps 3-7 until all the parts in the tray 15 are processed. When the machine tool stops, a signal is sent to change the material plate 15.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the application in any form. Although the application is disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the application. Any person familiar with this profession, Without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, any changes or modifications made by using the technical content disclosed above are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a little modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine, includes lathe bed (1), its characterized in that, the upper surface left side of lathe bed sets up annular chip groove and coolant oil return passage, installs on the lathe bed in the chip groove with the endocentric revolving stage bearing of chip groove, installs discoid B axle carousel (2) of cydariform on the revolving stage bearing, install blade disc headstock (3) on the B axle carousel, install blade disc main shaft (4) in the blade disc headstock, the front end of blade disc main shaft is installed the terminal surface milling cutter dish (5) that processing gear was used, and the axis of blade disc main shaft passes through the axis of revolution of B axle carousel;

a Z-axis guide rail (6) parallel to the ground is arranged at the rear part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed, a Z-axis sliding table (7) capable of moving left and right is mounted on the Z-axis guide rail, a Y-axis guide rail (8) vertical to the ground is arranged in front of the Z-axis sliding table, a Y-axis sliding table (9) capable of moving up and down is mounted on the Y-axis guide rail, an X-axis guide rail (10) vertical to the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail is arranged in front of the Y-axis sliding table, a workpiece spindle box (11) capable of moving front and back is arranged on the X-axis guide rail, a workpiece spindle (12);

the front part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed is provided with a truss manipulator (14), and a material tray (15) is arranged below the truss manipulator.

2. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of said B-axis turntable is larger than the inner circle of said junk slots.

3. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1, wherein said bed houses numerical control systems and electrical components for control.

4. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1, wherein the B-axis turntable is driven by a torque motor or manually.

5. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1 wherein the positions of said workpiece spindle and said cutterhead spindle are reversed.

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