CN210702928U - Small-modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine - Google Patents
Small-modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN210702928U CN210702928U CN201921613596.7U CN201921613596U CN210702928U CN 210702928 U CN210702928 U CN 210702928U CN 201921613596 U CN201921613596 U CN 201921613596U CN 210702928 U CN210702928 U CN 210702928U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a small module spiral bevel gear milling machine, which comprises a machine body with a chip groove, wherein the left side of the upper surface of the machine body is provided with a B-axis turntable (2) through a turntable bearing, the B-axis turntable is provided with a cutter head main shaft box (3) with a cutter head main shaft (4), the front end of the cutter head main shaft is provided with an end face milling cutter head (5), and the axis of the cutter head main shaft passes through the rotary axis of the B-axis turntable; a workpiece spindle box (11) capable of moving front and back, up and down, left and right is arranged at the rear part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed, a workpiece spindle (12) is installed in the workpiece spindle box, and a clamp and a gear (13) to be machined are installed at the front end of the workpiece spindle; the right front part of the upper surface of the lathe bed is provided with a standard truss manipulator (14), and a material tray (15) is arranged below the truss manipulator. The utility model discloses the lathe has compact structure, and the protection is easy, and the stroke is ultrashort, characteristics such as degree of automation height.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a spiral bevel gear mills tooth machine, especially a little modulus spiral bevel gear mills tooth machine.
Background
The small module spiral bevel gear is mainly used in the fields of electric tools, industrial sewing machines and robots, and before 1989, the U.S. Gleason company produced a No.102 mechanical type gear milling machine for machining small module spiral bevel gears, and the germany kingenberg company produced an FK-41B mechanical type gear milling machine for machining small module spiral bevel gears.
The Gleason utility model discloses a numerical control gear milling machine's structural principle diagram is shown in fig. 1, and it has abandoned original complicated transmission system and adjustment link, changes into X, Y, Z three straight line axle and A, B, C three revolving axle to do six five-axis linkage through computer control and can process various bevel gears and hypoid gear. Such a numerical control gear milling machine has been widely used in the automotive industry and industrial fields. However, for cost reasons, neither Gleason nor Klingelnberg company currently produces numerically controlled gear milling machines for machining small modulus bevel gears, nor of course No.102 and FK-41B mechanical type gear milling machines.
Foreign gear factories only need to purchase large-sized numerical control machines to machine small-module spiral bevel gears, which obviously is uneconomical. A simple numerical control gear milling machine (shown in figure 2) for fixing the B shaft is adopted for machining the small-modulus spiral bevel gear domestically. The simple numerical control gear milling machine has the following problems:
1. computing results that are not acceptable to advanced software
When the bevel gear and the hypoid gear are machined, special software (Gleason's CAGE software and Klingelnberg's KIMOS software, and more than 70 ten thousand RMB are required for each software inlet) is required to calculate the machine tool adjustment parameters, and the small wheel machining parameters necessarily include the parameters of the tool tilting mechanism. Because the B-axis is fixed, the simple numerical control gear milling machine cannot accept the parameters and machine bevel and hypoid gears according to the parameters, and the result is only satisfied by the experience of an operator. This is only marginally feasible for relatively simple spiral bevel gears. For complex hypoid gears and high reduction ratio gears, such machines are not capable.
2. The shape error of the gear cannot be measured by the measuring center and the reverse adjustment is carried out
The tooth surface of bevel and hypoid gears is a complex space surface, the tooth surface shape of which cannot be measured by a simple measuring tool, but the error can be measured by a measuring center and the correction parameter can be calculated by special back-adjusting software. This allows the acceptable tooth flanks to be machined quickly. The tooth surface of the gear machined by the simple numerical control gear milling machine is set by an operator by experience, a theoretical tooth surface is not provided, and the error cannot be measured by a measuring center, namely, the tooth surface machining parameters are corrected by inverse adjusting software.
3. High-precision gear cannot be machined
Among the mechanical parts, spiral bevel gears and hypoid gears belong to precision parts, and bevel gear processing machines belong to high-grade numerical control machines. In order to achieve low price competition, the simple numerical control gear milling machine adopts semi-closed loop control and a simple numerical control system, the configuration can not meet the requirements of high-grade numerical control machines at all, and certainly, a high-precision gear pair can not be machined.
4. It is difficult to realize automation
The simple numerical control gear milling machine is difficult to realize automatic production, and the automatic production has two reasons: one reason is that the B shaft is fixed, the installation position of each gear in machining is different, and automatic feeding and discharging are difficult to realize. The second reason is that the simple numerical control gear milling machine has low price, the most expensive gear milling machine has more than 20 ten thousand, the cheapest gear milling machine has only 16 ten thousand, and more importantly, the gear processed by the simple numerical control gear milling machine has lower price. The 40 yuan pair of electric tool gears can only sell about 10 yuan before 40 years, and the automation is not cost-effective.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, neither the domestic numerical control gear milling machine nor the domestic simple numerical control gear milling machine is suitable for the production of the small module spiral bevel gear, because:
1. the small-modulus spiral bevel gear is small in size, and the structure shown in the figure 1 and the figure 2 is too large in size and not compact;
2. the B shaft is the mechanism which is not best processed in all numerical control gear milling machines, and the motion range of the B shaft is only about 100 degrees as can be seen from figures 1 and 2, and the B shaft can only be driven by a sector cylindrical gear or a friction wheel. However, the sector gear is difficult to produce and manufacture, and the elimination of the gap between the gear pairs is more troublesome; the pressure of the friction wheel is not easy to control, the friction wheel is easy to slip when the pressure is small, and the machine tool can deform when the pressure is large. More troublesome is that the whole A-axis workpiece box is pressed on the B-axis sliding plate, and the friction force is too large, so that the climbing is easy to generate;
3. the small module gear is small in size and is not suitable for automatic feeding and discharging by using a conveying belt.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a little modulus spiral bevel gear mills tooth machine, it has compact structure, and the protection is easy, and the stroke is ultrashort, characteristics such as degree of automation height.
First, it should be noted that "left" and "right" as referred to herein refer to left or right of the plane of the drawing, and "front" refers to a surface close to the machining position of the workpiece. "behind" refers to the side away from the work piece machining location.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a little modulus spiral bevel gear mills tooth machine, it includes the lathe bed, just:
the left side of the upper surface of the lathe bed is provided with an annular chip groove and a cooling oil backflow channel, a turntable bearing which is concentric with the chip groove is mounted on the lathe bed in the chip groove, a drum-shaped disc-shaped B-axis turntable is mounted on the turntable bearing, a cutter head spindle box is mounted on the B-axis turntable, a cutter head spindle is mounted in the cutter head spindle box, an end face milling cutter head for machining a gear is mounted at the front end of the cutter head spindle, and the axis of the cutter head spindle passes through the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable;
a Z-axis guide rail parallel to the ground is arranged at the rear part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed, a Z-axis sliding table capable of moving left and right is installed on the Z-axis guide rail, a Y-axis guide rail vertical to the ground is arranged in front of the Z-axis sliding table, a Y-axis sliding table capable of moving up and down is installed on the Y-axis guide rail, an X-axis guide rail vertical to both the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail is arranged in front of the Y-axis sliding table, a workpiece spindle box capable of moving back and forth is arranged on the X-axis guide rail, a workpiece spindle is installed in the;
the front part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed is provided with a truss manipulator, and a material tray is arranged below the truss manipulator.
In the scheme, the diameter of the B-axis turntable is larger than the inner circle of the chip groove, so that chips can flow into the chip groove under the action of cooling oil and flow into an oil tank with a filter screen through a channel.
In the scheme, the distance from the front end face of the cutter head main shaft to the rotary axis of the B-axis rotary table is basically close to the height of the end face milling cutter head, so that the distance from the middle point of the cutter tip plane to the rotary axis of the B-axis rotary table is smaller.
In the scheme, the numerical control system and the electric elements for control are arranged in the machine body, so that the machine tool occupies small space and has a compact structure.
In the above scheme, the positions of the workpiece spindle and the cutter head spindle can be interchanged, so that another design of the gear milling machine is formed.
In the scheme, the B-axis turntable is driven by a torque motor or manually operated. Can realize lathe six-axis five-linkage with five numerical control system during torque motor drive, make the utility model discloses the available full process method of lathe processes little modulus's spiral bevel gear, hypoid gear and high subtracting the ratio gear. When the B-axis turntable can only be adjusted manually, four-axis linkage can only be realized by a four-axis numerical control system, and although the cost is greatly reduced, only large wheels in a small-modulus spiral bevel gear pair, a hypoid gear pair and a high-reduction-ratio gear pair can be processed.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses mill tooth machine area only about 1200X1000, the structure is very compact, and not only B axle simple structure is reliable, has realized automatic upper and lower material moreover, has successfully solved the problem that the lathe structure of figure 1 and figure 2 exists.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first numerical control gear milling machine in the world proposed by Gleason corporation of america in 1989.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simple numerical control gear milling machine produced in China.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the small module spiral bevel gear milling machine of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the parameters involved in the use of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a bed body; 2. b axis turntable; 3. a cutter head spindle box; 4. a cutter head main shaft; 5. an end face milling cutter disc; 6. a Z-axis guide rail; 7. a Z-axis sliding table; 8. a Y-axis guide rail; 9. a Y-axis sliding table; 10. an X-axis guide rail; 11. a workpiece spindle box; 12. a workpiece spindle; 13. a gear to be processed; 14. a truss manipulator; 15. a material tray; 16. a chip groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the utility model discloses a little modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine embodiment includes lathe bed 1, this lathe bed 1's upper surface the left side sets up coolant oil return channel and the annular chip groove 16 of circle, the revolving stage bearing of the concentric setting of installation and chip groove on the lathe bed 1 in the chip groove 16, installation B axle carousel 2 on the revolving stage bearing, install blade disc headstock 3 on the B axle carousel 2, install blade disc main shaft 4 in the blade disc headstock 3, install the terminal surface milling cutter dish 5 that processing gear used on the blade disc main shaft 4. The rear part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed 1 is provided with a Z-axis guide rail 6 parallel to the ground, the Z-axis guide rail 6 is provided with a Z-axis sliding table 7 capable of moving left and right, a Y-axis guide rail 8 vertical to the ground is arranged in front of the Z-axis sliding table 7, the Y-axis guide rail 8 is provided with a Y-axis sliding table 9 capable of moving up and down, the X-axis guide rail 10 vertical to the Y-axis guide rail 8 and the Z-axis guide rail 6 is arranged in front of the Y-axis sliding table 9, and the X-axis guide rail 10 is provided. A workpiece main shaft 12 is installed in the workpiece main shaft box 11, and a clamp and a gear 13 to be machined are installed at the front end of the workpiece main shaft 12. The front part of the right side of the upper surface of the bed body 1 is provided with a truss manipulator 14 (two) so as to realize the loading and unloading actions rapidly. A material tray 15 which is convenient to install and accurate in positioning is arranged below the truss manipulator 14, so that the truss manipulator 14 can conveniently grab the gear blank from the material tray 15 and place the processed gear.
The lathe bed 1 can be made of cast iron, the main processing parts are a position for installing the B-axis turntable 2 and a position for installing the Z-axis guide rail 6, the inside of the lathe bed 1 is basically hollow, and electric components for control can be installed, but the maintenance convenience and the installation space are required to be considered.
The B-axis turntable 2 is drum-shaped disc-shaped and is cast by nodular cast iron, and the B-axis turntable 2 is connected with the lathe bed 1 by a turntable bearing, is preferably driven by a torque motor and is controlled by a high-precision grating element. The diameter of the B-axis turntable 2 is slightly larger than the inner circle of the chip groove to ensure that the chips flow into the chip groove under the action of cooling oil, and the cooling oil with the chips flows into an oil tank with a filter screen through a channel. The revolution range of the B-axis turntable 2 is only 95 degrees, and the forming of the tooth surface shape is important. The cutter head spindle box 3 is fixed on the B-axis turntable 2 through bolts, the axis of the cutter head spindle 4 passes through the rotary axis of the B-axis turntable 2, and the distance from the front end face of the cutter head spindle 4 to the rotary axis of the B-axis turntable 2 is slightly larger than the height of the end face milling cutter head 5, so that the distance from the middle point of the cutter tip plane to the rotary axis of the B-axis turntable 2 is small. The cutter head main shaft 4 can be driven by a torque motor or a servo motor, and an end face milling cutter head with the diameter of 0.5-3.5 inches is installed, so that the cutter head can obtain the cutting speed of 60-100 m/min.
The Z-axis sliding table 7, the Y-axis sliding table 9 and the workpiece spindle box 11 are all cast by nodular cast iron, and the Z-axis guide rail 6, the Y-axis guide rail 8 and the X-axis guide rail 10 adopt high-precision roller guide rails of 25 mm. The workpiece main shaft 12 is driven by a torque motor or a high-precision worm gear pair, an inner hole with Morse 4# taper is arranged at the front end of the workpiece main shaft 12 to install a workpiece clamp and a workpiece, and an elastic chuck capable of being automatically controlled is required to be adopted during automatic feeding and discharging.
The truss manipulator 14 is a standard component, and in this embodiment, a double-head clamping jaw which is mutually converted in two directions of 90 degrees is selected, so that a tooth blank can be grabbed in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and then the tooth blank is converted into a workpiece fixture which is inserted into the workpiece spindle 12 in the horizontal direction, or the processed gear is taken out in the horizontal direction and then is converted into the vertical direction, and the processed gear is put back to the original position in the material tray 15.
The utility model discloses during the device uses, as shown in fig. 4 to the nodical of the rotation axis of B axle carousel 2 and the motion plane of blade disc main shaft 4 establishes the lathe coordinate system for initial point O, and work piece main shaft axis direction is the X axle, is the Y axle with the perpendicular direction in ground, is the Z axle with X axle and the all vertically direction in Y axle. The coordinate of the intersection point of the rotation axis of the workpiece spindle and the end face of the spindle in the machine tool coordinate system is (x, y, z), a is the rotation angle of the workpiece spindle when the workpiece is processed, and B is the swing angle of the B-axis turntable. In the figure, Ad is the length of the workpiece holder, Md is the mounting distance of the workpiece, L is the distance from an original point O to the mounting end face of the cutter head, and is a machine constant, and H is the actual height of the cutter head. And after a workpiece drawing and actual data of the cutter head are given, specific values of a, B, x, y and z [ MeMeX1], and the numerical control system drives the B-axis turntable, the cutter head spindle, the workpiece spindle box and the workpiece spindle to accurately move according to the calculated values of a, B, x, y and z, so that the required gear can be machined.
The process of gear machining is described in more detail below:
1. after the machine tool is started, the clamping jaw vertical to the ground of the first truss manipulator grabs a first part in the material tray 15 and is switched to the horizontal direction, and then the first part is rapidly moved to a feeding position. Meanwhile, the workpiece spindle 12 rapidly reaches a loading position through three axial movements of an X, Y, Z shaft to prepare for material receiving;
2. the first truss machine handle feeds the tooth blank into the fixture on the workpiece spindle 12 and clamps the tooth blank by hydraulic pressure. The first truss manipulator returns to grab the second gear blank and moves to a waiting position;
3. the cutter head is started to feed to a machining position, cooling oil is opened, the workpiece spindle 12 quickly runs to the machining position, and a first tooth groove is machined through six-axis five-axis linkage formed by the rotation of the workpiece spindle, the cutter head spindle and the B-axis turntable and the linear movement of the workpiece spindle box on the X, Y, Z axis;
4. the cutter head is withdrawn in the direction vertical to the tooth bottom of the first tooth groove and is fed to a machining position after the gear is indexed, and a second tooth groove is machined through six-axis five-linkage formed by the rotation of the workpiece main shaft, the cutter head main shaft and the B-axis turntable and the linear movement of the workpiece main shaft box on the X, Y, Z shaft;
5. the whole gear is processed in a circulating reciprocating manner;
6. and quickly withdrawing the shafts to the initial position, loosening the clamp, taking the machined gear out of the clamp by the second truss manipulator in the horizontal direction, and then converting the gear into the vertical direction. At the moment, the first truss manipulator which is originally in the vertical direction and holds the gear blank in the waiting position is changed into the horizontal direction to feed the clamp;
7. the second truss manipulator rapidly returns to place the processed parts back to the original position in the material tray 15, and simultaneously picks a second gear blank according to a specified order;
8. and (5) repeating the steps 3-7 until all parts in the material tray 15 are processed. The machine is stopped and the disc 15 is replaced by signaling.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application in any way, and although the present application has been disclosed in the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes and modifications within the technical scope of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application, and therefore all the changes and modifications can be made within the technical scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a little modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine, includes lathe bed (1), its characterized in that, the upper surface left side of lathe bed sets up annular chip groove and coolant oil return passage, installs on the lathe bed in the chip groove with the endocentric revolving stage bearing of chip groove, installs discoid B axle carousel (2) of cydariform on the revolving stage bearing, install blade disc headstock (3) on the B axle carousel, install blade disc main shaft (4) in the blade disc headstock, the front end of blade disc main shaft is installed the terminal surface milling cutter dish (5) that processing gear was used, and the axis of blade disc main shaft passes through the axis of revolution of B axle carousel;
a Z-axis guide rail (6) parallel to the ground is arranged at the rear part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed, a Z-axis sliding table (7) capable of moving left and right is mounted on the Z-axis guide rail, a Y-axis guide rail (8) vertical to the ground is arranged in front of the Z-axis sliding table, a Y-axis sliding table (9) capable of moving up and down is mounted on the Y-axis guide rail, an X-axis guide rail (10) vertical to the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail is arranged in front of the Y-axis sliding table, a workpiece spindle box (11) capable of moving front and back is arranged on the X-axis guide rail, a workpiece spindle (12);
the front part of the right side of the upper surface of the lathe bed is provided with a truss manipulator (14), and a material tray (15) is arranged below the truss manipulator.
2. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of said B-axis turntable is larger than the inner circle of said junk slots.
3. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1, wherein said bed houses numerical control systems and electrical components for control.
4. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1, wherein the B-axis turntable is driven by a torque motor or manually.
5. The small module spiral bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1 wherein the positions of said workpiece spindle and said cutterhead spindle are reversed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921613596.7U CN210702928U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Small-modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921613596.7U CN210702928U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Small-modulus spiral bevel gear milling machine |
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| CN210702928U true CN210702928U (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115338692A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-15 | 山东大学 | Method for machining four-axis linkage normal swing cutting integrated multi-mirror free-form surface |
-
2019
- 2019-09-26 CN CN201921613596.7U patent/CN210702928U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115338692A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-15 | 山东大学 | Method for machining four-axis linkage normal swing cutting integrated multi-mirror free-form surface |
| CN115338692B (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2024-02-20 | 山东大学 | Processing method of four-axis linkage normal swing cutting integrated multi-lens free-form surface |
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