CN210689592U - Clip type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device - Google Patents
Clip type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN210689592U CN210689592U CN201921853467.5U CN201921853467U CN210689592U CN 210689592 U CN210689592 U CN 210689592U CN 201921853467 U CN201921853467 U CN 201921853467U CN 210689592 U CN210689592 U CN 210689592U
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 115
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model provides a clip type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device, which comprises a steel clip slicing device, a detecting rod and a monitoring well; the steel clip slicing device is vertically clamped on the outer wall of the pipeline; the lower end of the detection rod is rigidly connected with the upper end of the steel clip slicing device, and the detection rod is vertical to the pipeline; the monitoring well is positioned above the detection rod; the bottom of the monitoring well is provided with a reserved hole, the upper end of the detection rod penetrates into the monitoring well through the reserved hole, and the detection rod can move in the horizontal direction in the reserved hole; the bottom of monitoring well still is equipped with hydraulic pressure and adjusts the track, adjusts feeler lever horizontal position and guarantees that the feeler lever is perpendicular with the pipeline through hydraulic pressure, ensures the feeler lever with the pipeline is synchronous warp. The utility model discloses guarantee that steel pipe cutting and pipeline are in contact state always to guarantee that feeler lever and pipeline synchronous deformation, ensure monitoring data's reliable and stable, simultaneously, the utility model discloses the structure is simple relatively, can realize retrieving convenient and fast on ground.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a pipeline detection field specifically relates to a pipeline monitoring devices can be dismantled to clamp piece formula.
Background
With the continuous construction and development of cities, various high and large buildings and deep foundation pit projects are increased, which inevitably affects underground pipelines of surrounding roads. Once an accident occurs to the pipeline, poor social influence can be caused, and even the personal and property safety of the masses can be endangered. In the engineering construction process, underground pipelines within the construction influence range are often monitored, construction is guided in time, corresponding preventive measures are taken, and the safety of engineering and pipelines is guaranteed. Therefore, how to effectively, accurately and conveniently monitor the underground pipeline is the key point of the monitoring work.
The existing common underground pipeline monitoring devices are divided into two categories, the first category is an indirect method, a spike is arranged above a pipeline to be monitored and close to the ground, and the deformation of the pipeline is recorded by monitoring the settlement or the uplift of the spike, the method has the defects that the spike reflects the deformation of a soil body, and the deformation of the soil body and the deformation of the pipeline have larger errors due to the difference of the elastic modulus of the soil body and the elasticity modulus of the pipeline, so that the deformation of the pipeline cannot be truly reflected; the second type is a probe rod method (for example, chinese patent publication No. CN 202915953U), and the above patents using this method solve the disadvantages of indirect methods in principle, but because the connection strength between the probe and the pipeline is not sufficient, the pipeline will settle in the actual construction process, and the probe cannot be guaranteed to be always in contact with the pipeline, thereby affecting the accuracy of the detection result. The third type is a full hoop method (for example, Chinese patents with publication numbers of CN 206617700U, CN207814869U and CN 209295959U), the deformation of the pipeline can be truly reflected by the patents adopting the method, but the construction is complex, the whole pipeline needs to be excavated, and the pipeline monitoring work on the existing road in the construction process is difficult; the fourth type is a half hoop method (for example, patents with publication numbers of CN206479160U and CN 208795213U), the construction difficulty of the above patents adopting the similar method is reduced compared with the full hoop method, but the construction still needs to be excavated to the top of the pipeline, then backfilling is carried out, and excavation construction needs to be carried out again in the later recovery.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the defect among the prior art, the utility model aims at providing a pipeline monitoring devices can be dismantled to clip formula.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a pipeline monitoring devices can be dismantled to clip formula, include:
the steel clip slicing device is vertically clamped on the outer wall of the pipeline;
the lower end of the detection rod is rigidly connected with the upper end of the steel clip slicing device, and the detection rod is vertical to the pipeline;
the monitoring well is positioned above the detection rod; a reserved hole is formed in the bottom of the monitoring well, the upper end of the detection rod penetrates into the monitoring well through the reserved hole, and the detection rod can move in the reserved hole in the horizontal direction; the bottom of monitoring well still is equipped with the hydraulic pressure and adjusts the track, through the hydraulic pressure is adjusted the probe rod horizontal position and is guaranteed the probe rod with it is perpendicular to treat the monitoring pipeline, ensure the probe rod with the pipeline synchronous deformation.
Preferably, the device further comprises an isolation steel sleeve, the isolation steel sleeve is sleeved outside the detection rod, and the radius of the isolation steel sleeve is larger than that of the detection rod, so that the detection rod can freely move in the isolation steel sleeve;
the isolation steel sleeve is located below the monitoring well and above the steel clamp slicing device, the upper end of the isolation steel sleeve is rigidly connected with the bottom of the monitoring well, and the lower end of the isolation steel sleeve is located outside the steel clamp slicing device.
Preferably, the number of the detection rods is at least two, and the number of the isolation steel sleeves is two.
Preferably, the steel clip slicing device comprises at least two steel cutting heads, two steel cutting pipes, two rubber cushions and two connecting blocks; wherein,
the connecting block is arranged above the steel cutting pipe, one end of the connecting block is rigidly connected with the upper end of the steel cutting pipe, and the other end of the connecting block is rigidly connected with the lower end of the detection rod;
the steel cutting pipe is positioned between the connecting block and the steel cutting head up and down; a groove is formed in the steel cutting pipe, and the rubber buffer cushion is arranged in the groove;
the steel cutting head is located below the steel cutting pipe, and the cutting angle of the steel cutting head is an acute angle and is used for being inserted into soil.
Preferably, the steel cutting head is a stainless steel plate, and the cutting angle of the stainless steel plate is 20-30 degrees.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a first sensor and a pressure control valve, wherein,
the first sensor is used for acquiring a pressure value borne by the steel clip slicing device; the output end of the first sensor is connected with the input end of the pressure control valve, and the acquired numerical value is transmitted to the pressure control valve; the output end of the pressure control valve is connected with the hydraulic adjusting track, and the pressure control valve adjusts the horizontal position of the detecting rod through the hydraulic adjusting track, so that the distance between the steel clip slicing device and the pipeline is adjusted, the steel clip slicing device is in a contact state with the pipeline, and the detecting rod and the pipeline are ensured to deform synchronously.
Preferably, the first sensor is arranged on the steel clip slicing device; the pressure control valve is arranged in the monitoring well.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: the second sensor, the monitor and the wireless transmission device; wherein,
the second sensor is used for acquiring the rising or sinking data of the detection rod; the output end of the second sensor is connected with the input end of the monitor, and the acquired data are fed back to the monitor;
the output end of the monitor is connected with the wireless transmission device, and the settlement data monitored by the monitor is output to the computer end, so that the deformation of the pipeline to be monitored is reflected.
Preferably, the second sensor and the monitor are respectively arranged in the monitoring well; the second sensor is arranged right above the detection rod.
Preferably, the monitoring well is provided with a monitoring well cover for ensuring that the monitoring device is not damaged by ground vehicles or construction influences.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses at least one kind's beneficial effect as follows has:
1. the above device of the utility model, through setting up adjustable hydraulic pressure regulation track, guarantee that steel pipe cutting and pipeline are in contact state always to guarantee that feeler lever and pipeline are synchronous to be out of shape, ensure monitoring data's reliable and stable.
2. In the device, the detecting rod is made of a material with small thermal expansion coefficient, so that the error caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction of the detecting rod due to temperature change can be reduced; meanwhile, the steel sleeve is isolated, so that the probe rod can be protected, and a space is provided for the movement of the steel cutting pipe.
3. The utility model provides an above-mentioned device, the steel clip section of adoption and keep apart devices such as steel casing pipe all can squeeze into the underground perpendicularly after treating the pipeline location, only bury underground the monitoring well and need excavate about 0.5m, whole device installation, the construction is convenient fast.
4. Furthermore, through setting up first sensor and pressure control valve, can be in real time through pressure control valve regulation steel pipe cutting, guarantee that steel pipe cutting and pipeline are in the contact state always.
5. Furthermore, through setting up second sensor, monitor and wireless transmission device, can realize remote control, record monitoring data.
6. The device of the utility model can be recycled, the recycling is more convenient, only 0.5m of excavation is needed, and after the monitoring well is removed, other parts are directly pulled out; meanwhile, the device is simple and convenient to construct, so that the disturbance influence of the installation of the device on the pipeline can be reduced.
7. The above device of the utility model is buried underground in the ground, does not influence ground traffic function.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic front sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention,
fig. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a steel clip slice according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the scores in the figure are indicated as: the device comprises a steel clip slicing device 1, a steel cutting head 11, a steel cutting pipe 12, a first sensor 13, a rubber cushion 14, a connecting block 15, an isolating steel sleeve 2, a detecting rod 3, a monitoring well 4, a monitor 41, a pressure control valve 42, a hydraulic adjusting track 43, a second sensor 44, a monitoring well cover 45, a wireless transmission device 46, a road 5 and a pipeline 6.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, for the utility model discloses a structure schematic diagram of pipeline monitoring devices can be dismantled to clip formula, the device includes: the steel clip slicing device 1 comprises two detection rods 3 and a monitoring well 4. Wherein the steel clip slicing device 1 is vertically clamped on the outer wall of the pipeline 6, and the clamping part of the steel clip slicing device 1 is in a contact state with the two sides of the pipeline 6. The detection rod 3 is arranged above the steel clip slicing device 1, the lower end of the detection rod 3 is rigidly connected with the upper end of the steel clip slicing device 1, and the detection rod 3 is perpendicular to the pipeline 6. The detection rod 3 is preferably made of a material with a small thermal expansion coefficient, so that errors caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction of the detection rod 3 due to temperature change can be reduced. The monitoring well 4 is located above the feeler lever 3. During concrete implementation, excavation is filled with earth to the degree of depth that can place monitoring well 4, and installation monitoring well 4 is equipped with the reservation hole in the bottom of monitoring well 4, wears out the upper end of probe rod 3 by reserving the entrance to a cave, stretches into in the monitoring well 4, but probe rod 3 horizontal direction removes in the reservation hole. Still be equipped with hydraulic pressure regulation track 43 in the bottom of monitoring well 4, adjust probe rod 3 horizontal position and guarantee that probe rod 3 is perpendicular with pipeline 6 through hydraulic pressure regulation track 43, guarantee that probe rod 3 and pipeline 6 can be out of shape in step, guarantee the reliable and stable of monitoring data.
Among the above-mentioned device of this embodiment, steel clamp section device 1 is located the bottommost end of device, treats that pipeline 6 can squeeze into the underground perpendicularly after fixing a position, only buries monitoring well 4 underground in the work progress and need excavate about 0.5m, and the installation of whole device, the construction is convenient fast. The device is buried under the ground, and the ground traffic function is not influenced; the device can be recycled, the recycling is convenient, only 0.5m of excavation is needed, and after the monitoring well 4 is removed, the others are directly pulled out; meanwhile, the device is simple and convenient to construct, so that the disturbance influence of the installation of the device on the pipeline 6 can be reduced.
In a part of preferred embodiments, the detachable underground pipeline monitoring device further comprises two isolation steel sleeves 2, the isolation steel sleeves 2 are sleeved outside the detection rod 3, the radius of the isolation steel sleeves 2 is slightly larger than that of the detection rod 3, and the detection rod 3 can freely move in the isolation steel sleeves 2. The material of the insulating steel sleeve 2 can be selected from materials with certain strength and durability.
The isolation steel sleeve 2 is located below the monitoring well 4 and above the steel clamp slicing device 1, the upper end of the isolation steel sleeve 2 is rigidly connected with the bottom of the monitoring well 4, and the lower end of the isolation steel sleeve 2 is located outside the steel clamp slicing device 1. Through further setting up isolation steel sleeve 2, can protect probe rod 3 on the one hand, on the other hand, provides the space for probe rod 3 removes.
In some preferred embodiments, referring to fig. 4, the steel clip slicing apparatus 1 comprises two steel cutting heads 11, two steel cutting pipes 12, two rubber cushions 14 and two connecting blocks 15; wherein, connecting block 15 sets up in the top of steel pipe 12 is cut, and connecting block 15's one end and the upper end rigid connection of steel pipe 12 are cut, and the other end is connected with the lower extreme of probe rod 3.
The steel cutting pipe 12 is positioned between the connecting block 15 and the steel cutting head 11 up and down; the steel cutting pipe 12 is provided with a groove, the rubber cushion 14 is arranged in the groove, and the rubber cushion 14 is adhered in the groove by adopting corrosion-resistant strong glue to ensure reliable connection with the steel cutting pipe 12; the rubber cushion 14 is made of a material having a certain flexibility and friction.
The steel cutting head 11 is positioned below the steel cutting pipe 12 and is in rigid connection with the steel cutting pipe, and the cutting angle of the steel cutting head 11 is an acute angle and is used for being inserted into soil. In some preferred embodiments, the steel cutting head 11 is a stainless steel plate, and the cutting angle of the stainless steel plate is 20-30 degrees, so that the stainless steel plate can be conveniently and quickly driven into the soil. The steel cutting head 11 can be made of steel or stainless steel with higher rigidity.
In some preferred embodiments, referring to figures 1 and 2, the clip-on removable underground utility monitoring apparatus further comprises: the first sensor 13 may be a semiconductor piezoelectric resistance type pressure sensor, and a commercially available sensor may be used as the first sensor 13, and the pressure control valve 42. Wherein, the first sensor 13 is arranged on the steel clip slicing device 1, namely arranged on the inner side of a rubber cushion pad 14 on the steel cutting pipe 12; the pressure control valve 42 is installed in the monitoring well 4. The first sensor 13 is made of a corrosion-resistant and waterproof material and is used for collecting the pressure value borne by the steel cutting pipe; the output end of the first sensor 13 is connected with the input end of the pressure control valve 42, collected data are transmitted to the pressure control valve 42, the output end of the pressure control valve 42 is connected with the hydraulic adjusting track 43, the horizontal position of the detection rod 3 is adjusted according to the collected data, the steel clip slicing device 1 and the pipeline 6 are guaranteed to be in a contact state, and the detection rod 3 and the pipeline 6 are guaranteed to deform synchronously. In the specific implementation process, the steel cutting pipe 12 feeds data back to the pressure control valve 42 through the first sensor 13, and the detection rod 3 is driven to horizontally move through the hydraulic adjusting track 43 according to the preset program of the pressure control valve 42, so that the steel clip slicing device 1 is driven to move, and the steel clip slicing device is ensured to be in close contact with the pipeline 6.
In some preferred embodiments, and as shown with reference to FIGS. 1-3, the clip-on removable underground utility monitoring apparatus further comprises: a second sensor 44 and a monitor 41; the second sensor 44 is a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor may be a commercially available sensor. Monitor 41 is a commercially available conventional automatic sedimentation monitor. A second sensor 44 and monitor 41 are provided in the monitoring well 4. The second sensor 44 is disposed right above the detection rod 3, and the second sensor 44 is used for acquiring data of the rising or the sinking of the detection rod 3. The output end of the second sensor 44 is connected with the input end of the monitor 41; the data that will gather feed back to monitor 41, and the output of monitor 41 is connected with wireless transmission device 46, exports the settlement data of monitor 41 monitoring to the computer end, realizes remote control, records monitoring data to the deformation of reflection treating monitoring pipeline 6. The wireless transmission device 46 adopts a device with a solar charging mode.
In some preferred embodiments, the monitoring well 4 is provided with a monitoring well lid 45 for ensuring that the monitoring device is not damaged by ground vehicles or construction influences, and facilitating maintenance and manual data reading, for example, when the automatic monitoring device breaks down, the monitoring well lid 45 can be opened, and the monitoring data can be manually read.
Based on foretell device structure explanation, adopt the utility model discloses above-mentioned embodiment's device carries out pipeline monitoring, specifically can go on according to following process:
positioning a pipeline 6, and excavating and filling soil below a road 5 to the depth capable of placing a monitoring well 4 to about 0.5m as shown in figure 1; according to the positioning of the pipeline 6, firstly, the steel clip slicing device 1 and the isolation steel sleeve 2 are driven into the soil, and the steel clip slicing device 1 is vertically clamped on the outer wall of the pipeline 6; then installing a monitoring well 4, and enabling the detection rod 3 to penetrate out of a reserved hole of the monitoring well 4; starting the pressure control valve 42, adjusting the horizontal position of the detection rod 3 according to data fed back by the first sensor 13 and ensuring that the detection rod 3 is vertical; starting the monitor 41 to perform data zeroing operation; the monitoring well lid 45 is covered. When the device is used for monitoring, the steel cutting pipe 12 can be automatically monitored and adjusted in real time through the pressure control valve 42. When the monitoring device breaks down, the monitoring well cover 45 can be opened, and the monitoring data can be read manually.
The utility model discloses above-mentioned embodiment's monitoring devices can guarantee that steel pipe cutting and pipeline are in contact state always to guarantee that probe rod and pipeline are synchronous to be out of shape, ensure the reliable and stable of monitoring data, simultaneously, the structure is simple relatively, can realize retrieving convenient and fast on ground.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
All the parts used in this document can be standard parts or common technologies, if not detailed, and can be purchased from the market, the specific connection mode of each part can be conventional means such as bolts, rivets and welding, etc., which are mature in the prior art, the machinery, parts and electrical equipment are conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection is conventional in the prior art, which is easy to be realized by those skilled in the art, and no specific description is given here.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments of the invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a pipeline monitoring devices can be dismantled to clip formula which characterized in that includes:
the steel clip slicing device is vertically clamped on the outer wall of the pipeline;
the lower end of the detection rod is rigidly connected with the upper end of the steel clip slicing device, and the detection rod is vertical to the pipeline;
the monitoring well is positioned above the detection rod; a reserved hole is formed in the bottom of the monitoring well, the upper end of the detection rod penetrates into the monitoring well through the reserved hole, and the detection rod can move in the reserved hole in the horizontal direction; the bottom of monitoring well still is equipped with the hydraulic pressure and adjusts the track, through the hydraulic pressure is adjusted the probe rod horizontal position and is guaranteed the probe rod with the pipeline is perpendicular, ensures the probe rod with the pipeline synchronous deformation.
2. The clip-type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the detection rod is sleeved outside the detection rod, and the radius of the isolation steel sleeve is larger than that of the detection rod, so that the detection rod can freely move in the isolation steel sleeve;
the isolation steel sleeve is located below the monitoring well and above the steel clamp slicing device, the upper end of the isolation steel sleeve is rigidly connected with the bottom of the monitoring well, and the lower end of the isolation steel sleeve is located outside the steel clamp slicing device.
3. The clip-type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein there are at least two probe rods and two isolation steel sleeves.
4. The clip-type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the steel clip slicing device comprises at least two steel cutting heads, two steel cutting pipes, two rubber cushions and two connecting blocks; wherein,
the connecting block is arranged above the steel cutting pipe, one end of the connecting block is rigidly connected with the upper end of the steel cutting pipe, and the other end of the connecting block is rigidly connected with the lower end of the detection rod;
the steel cutting pipe is positioned between the connecting block and the steel cutting head up and down; a groove is formed in the steel cutting pipe, and the rubber buffer cushion is arranged in the groove;
the steel cutting head is located below the steel cutting pipe, and the cutting angle of the steel cutting head is an acute angle and is used for being inserted into soil.
5. The clip-type detachable underground utility monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein the steel cutting head is a stainless steel plate, and the cutting angle of the stainless steel plate is 20-30 degrees.
6. The clip-type removable underground utility monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising: a first sensor and a pressure control valve, wherein,
the first sensor is used for acquiring a pressure value borne by the steel clip slicing device; the output end of the first sensor is connected with the input end of the pressure control valve, and the acquired numerical value is transmitted to the pressure control valve; the output end of the pressure control valve is connected with the hydraulic adjusting track, and the pressure control valve adjusts the horizontal position of the detecting rod through the hydraulic adjusting track, so that the distance between the steel clip slicing device and the pipeline is adjusted, the steel clip slicing device is in a contact state with the pipeline, and the detecting rod and the pipeline are ensured to deform synchronously.
7. The clip-type removable underground utility monitoring device of claim 6, wherein the first sensor is disposed on the steel clip slicing apparatus; the pressure control valve is arranged in the monitoring well.
8. The clip-type removable underground utility monitoring device of claim 6, further comprising: the second sensor, the monitor and the wireless transmission device; wherein,
the second sensor is used for acquiring the rising or sinking data of the detection rod; the output end of the second sensor is connected with the input end of the monitor, and the acquired data are fed back to the monitor;
the output end of the monitor is connected with the wireless transmission device, and the settlement data monitored by the monitor is output to the computer end, so that the deformation of the pipeline is reflected.
9. The clip-type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device according to claim 8, wherein the second sensor and the monitor are respectively disposed in the monitoring well; the second sensor is arranged right above the detection rod.
10. The clip-type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the monitoring well is provided with a monitoring well cover for ensuring that the monitoring device is not damaged by ground vehicles or construction influences.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111912332A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-10 | 河南飞舟管通工程有限公司 | Clip type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111912332A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-10 | 河南飞舟管通工程有限公司 | Clip type detachable underground pipeline monitoring device |
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