CN210686075U - Back pressure type cogeneration system based on biomass fuel - Google Patents
Back pressure type cogeneration system based on biomass fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN210686075U CN210686075U CN201921283901.0U CN201921283901U CN210686075U CN 210686075 U CN210686075 U CN 210686075U CN 201921283901 U CN201921283901 U CN 201921283901U CN 210686075 U CN210686075 U CN 210686075U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a cogeneration system using biomass as fuel, in particular to a back pressure cogeneration system based on biomass fuel, which comprises a steam-water system and a biomass fuel system, and has the structural key points that the system also comprises an agricultural production factory building, a steam header, a refrigerator and a heat exchanger, and the steam-water system and the biomass fuel system are both built in the agricultural production factory building nearby; the biomass waste conveying channel of the agricultural production plant is connected with the biomass fuel system, the output end of the biomass fuel system is connected with the biomass boiler, the steam output end of the biomass boiler is connected with the steam turbine, and the steam output channel of the steam turbine is connected to the agricultural production plant through the steam header, the refrigerating machine and the heat exchanger respectively. The utility model discloses the main points lie in: a complete biomass fuel system is formed, and complete steam-water circulation is provided, so that the transportation distance is reduced, the transportation cost is reduced, a stockyard does not need to be arranged, and the circulation effect is effectively formed.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an adopt living beings as the combined heat and power generation system of fuel, especially a back pressure type combined heat and power generation system based on biomass fuel.
Background
The cogeneration is a system which is built on the basis of energy cascade utilization and integrates the supply forms of heat supply and power generation energy. The implementation of the cogeneration can improve the energy utilization rate, save energy and reduce environmental pollution. Currently, electricity generation using biomass accounts for only a small percentage. If the biomass energy is only used for power generation, the heat energy utilization efficiency is about 30-40%; if the cogeneration of biomass is realized, the utilization efficiency of biomass energy can reach more than 80%. According to the thirteen-five program for biomass energy development issued by the national energy agency, the annual utilization amount of biomass energy of China is estimated to be about equivalent to 5800 million tons of standard coal in 2020, the total installed capacity of electricity generation by using biomass as fuel reaches 1500 ten thousand kilowatts, and the annual electricity generation amount of biomass is about 900 hundred million kilowatt hours. However, in the practical application process, there are many problems in realizing the cogeneration of biomass, mainly represented by:
1) the calorific value of the biomass fuel is usually lower than that of standard coal, and the biomass boiler has larger capacity than that of a common coal-fired boiler under the condition of obtaining the same boiler energy, so the investment cost of biomass cogeneration is higher than that of the common coal-fired cogeneration;
2) the biomass fuel collection range is large, so that the transportation cost of the biomass fuel is high, the biomass fuel often has seasonal factors, the biomass fuel is more difficult to collect in winter than in other seasons, and the risk of cogeneration is increased;
3) in order to overcome the seasonal factor of biomass fuel, a large-area stockyard is generally required to be arranged to store a certain amount of biomass fuel, which results in waste of the yard and investment of capital of equipment facilities.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the utility model is to provide a reduce the transportation distance, reduce cost of transportation, need not to set up the stockyard, effectively form the back pressure type combined heat and power generation system based on biomass fuel of circulation effect according to prior art's weak point.
The technical purpose of the utility model is realized through the following ways:
a biomass fuel based back pressure type cogeneration system comprises a steam-water system and a biomass fuel system, wherein the steam-water system comprises a biomass boiler, a back pressure type steam turbine and a generator which are connected with each other, and a deoxygenation water supply device connected with the biomass boiler; a biomass waste conveying channel of the agricultural production plant is connected with a biomass fuel system, an output end of the biomass fuel system is connected with a biomass boiler, a steam output end of the biomass boiler is connected with a steam turbine, and a steam output channel of the steam turbine is connected to the agricultural production plant through a steam header, a refrigerator and a heat exchanger respectively;
biomass waste materials generated by the production of the agricultural production factory building are transmitted to a biomass fuel system through a conveying channel for conversion treatment; the biomass fuel system converts the biomass waste into fuel suitable for a boiler and directly sends the fuel into the biomass boiler; the biomass boiler heats water to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam which is supplied to the steam turbine to do work through expansion so as to generate power, the steam generated by the steam turbine after doing work through expansion respectively enters a heat supply steam header, a refrigerator, a heat exchanger and a deoxidizing water supply device, and the heat supply steam header collects the steam with the same parameter grade of different units and is then connected to an agricultural production plant through a steam pipeline; the refrigerator uses steam as a heat source to generate cold water, and then the cold water enters an agricultural production plant through a water pipeline; the heat exchanger heats water through steam to obtain hot water at a certain temperature, and the hot water is supplied to an agricultural production plant through a water pipeline; the deoxygenation water supply device carries out heat exchange with water supplement by taking steam as a heat source to carry out deoxygenation, heats the water supplement to the saturation temperature of the deoxygenator under the operating pressure, and is used for meeting the water supply requirement of the biomass boiler.
From this, steam-water system and biomass fuel system combine the agricultural production factory building of being nearby to form complete biomass fuel system, provide complete endless steam-water system, have reached following technological effect:
1) the biomass fuel directly enters the conversion from the production plant and directly reaches the boiler, so that the transportation distance of the biomass fuel is reduced, and the transportation cost of the biomass fuel is reduced;
2) the biomass waste is consumed along with generation, a large-area biomass stockyard is not arranged any more, and the site cost and the cost of related equipment and facilities are saved;
3) the biomass waste is used for the cogeneration system, can ensure production heat and generate electricity, and continuously generates the biomass waste in the production process of products, and the biomass waste is used as fuel to provide heat energy, thereby effectively forming a circulation effect.
The utility model discloses can further specifically do:
the biomass fuel system comprises a biomass crusher, a biomass dryer, a biomass screening machine and a biomass grinding machine which are sequentially and serially arranged, wherein the inlet end of the biomass crusher is connected with a biomass waste conveying channel of an agricultural production factory; the output port of the biomass grinder is connected with a biomass boiler.
The biomass crusher crushes the biomass waste in advance and sends the biomass waste into the biomass dryer. The biomass drier dries and dehydrates the crushed biomass, and then sends the biomass into a biomass screening machine. The biomass screening machine screens out the biomass which is dried and dehydrated into proper shape and size, and sends the biomass into the biomass grinding machine. The biomass grinder grinds the biomass into a particle size allowed by the boiler and sends the biomass into the boiler for combustion reaction. Such conversion can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the biomass fuel. The biomass fuel system carries out instant treatment and conversion on the generated biomass waste, and because the biomass waste is directly connected with a production factory and a boiler, the biomass waste needs to be treated and converted in a flowing mode, and the requirement of the operation of the whole system can be met.
The biomass boiler is a biomass direct-fired boiler, and a plurality of biomass direct-fired boilers are connected in parallel through a header pipe.
The parallel connection of a plurality of biomass boilers can ensure the supply of the production steam by arranging a standby boiler.
To sum up, the utility model provides a back pressure type cogeneration system based on biomass fuel, which integrates a steam-water system, a biomass fuel system and a nearby agricultural production plant, constructs a complete biomass fuel system, provides a complete circulating steam-water system, reduces the transportation distance of the biomass fuel, and reduces the transportation cost of the biomass fuel; a stockyard does not need to be arranged, so that the related cost is saved; the whole system can ensure production heat and generate electricity, biomass waste is continuously generated in the production process of products, the circulation effect is effectively formed, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the system structure schematic diagram of the back pressure type cogeneration system based on biomass fuel.
FIG. 2 is the efficiency structure diagram of the agricultural production plant.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Detailed Description
The best embodiment is as follows:
referring to the attached drawings 1 and 2, the biomass fuel based back pressure type cogeneration system comprises a steam-water system, a biomass fuel system and an agricultural production plant; the steam-water system comprises a biomass boiler 1, a back pressure turbine 2 and a generator 3 which are connected with each other, and an oxygen removal and water supply device (comprising an oxygen remover 7 and a water supply pump 8) connected with the biomass boiler 1. The biomass fuel system is used for converting biomass and is formed by sequentially arranging and combining a biomass crusher 9, a biomass dryer 10, a biomass screening machine 11 and a biomass grinding machine 12 in series. The steam-water system and the biomass fuel system are both built in an agricultural production plant nearby; the biomass waste conveying channel of the agricultural production plant is connected with a biomass crusher 9 in a biomass fuel system, the output end of a biomass grinder 12 in the biomass fuel system is connected with a biomass boiler 1, the steam output end of the biomass boiler 1 is connected with a steam turbine 2, and the steam output channel of the steam turbine 2 is connected to the agricultural production plant through a steam header 4, a lithium bromide refrigerator 5 and a heat exchanger 6 respectively.
The biomass waste materials generated in the production process of the agricultural production factory building are firstly conveyed to the biomass crusher 9 through a belt, and the biomass crusher 9 carries out pre-crushing treatment on large-size biomass. The broken biomass is conveyed by a belt, and the broken biomass is sent into the biomass dryer 10, so that most of moisture in the biomass is evaporated to dryness, and the volume of the biomass is further reduced. The biomass after drying treatment is conveyed to a biomass screening machine 11 through a belt, biomass particles with proper size and shape are screened out, then the biomass particles are conveyed to a biomass grinding machine 12 through the belt, the biomass particles are further ground into the size allowed by the biomass boiler, and finally the biomass particles are conveyed to the biomass boiler through a trestle for combustion reaction.
The biomass boiler 1 is a biomass direct-fired boiler, and a plurality of boilers can be arranged in parallel in a main pipe arrangement mode. The biomass fuel is used for combusting in the boiler and heating boiler feed water to generate steam with high temperature and high pressure or above temperature and pressure parameter grades. Steam enters the back pressure type steam turbine units through the steam pipelines of the main pipe system respectively to push the blades of the steam turbine to rotate and drive the generator to generate electricity, so that the conversion of heat energy to electric energy is realized. The steam with lower parameter grade after expansion work is pumped out from the middle section of the back pressure machine or discharged from the outlet of the back pressure machine, and respectively enters a heat supply steam header 4, a lithium bromide refrigerator 5, a heat exchanger 6 and a deaerator 7 through steam pipelines according to a certain proportion.
The heat supply steam header 4 collects the steam with the same parameter grade of different units and is then connected to an agricultural production plant through a steam pipeline. The lithium bromide refrigerator 5 uses steam as a heat source to generate cold water which enters an agricultural production plant through a water pipeline. The heat exchanger 6 heats water through steam to obtain hot water with a certain temperature, and the hot water is supplied to agricultural production plants through a water pipeline. The hot water or the cold water is directly sprayed into the agricultural production plant, is used for heat preservation of the agricultural production plant, and can be selectively supplied according to the requirement on the temperature. The deaerator 7 uses steam as a heat source to perform heat exchange with the water supplement to deaerate, and the water supplement is heated to the saturation temperature of the deaerator under the operating pressure. A plurality of feed pumps 8 can be arranged for ensuring the feed water requirement of the biomass boiler. The feed pump can adopt the pipeline connection mode of header pipe system to connect oxygen-eliminating device and biomass boiler. The feed water of the deaerator is pressurized by a feed pump and then enters a boiler for heating. In this way, a complete soda system is formed. The agricultural production factory building is located as close to the steam-water system as possible, and receives steam, cold water and hot water provided by the steam-water system as heat and cold sources required by production.
The following data through practical application are right the utility model discloses do further explanation:
the biomass boilers are arranged in parallel, the outlet steam temperature of each biomass boiler is 540 ℃, the outlet steam pressure is 13.8MPa, and the boiler capacity is 150 t/h. According to the requirements of GB 50049-2011 'design Specification for small-sized thermal power plants', when 1 boiler with the largest capacity in a thermal power plant is stopped, the rest boilers are used for processing the steam consumption required by continuous production of thermal users. Therefore, under normal working conditions, two biomass boilers of the three biomass boilers operate, and one biomass boiler serves as a standby boiler. Three biomass boilers adopt a main pipe system to connect two back pressure turbines in parallel, the rated steam inlet pressure of each turbine is 12.8MPa, and the rated steam inlet temperature is 535 ℃. Each back pressure turbine is connected with a generator, and the steam pushes turbine blades to rotate to do work after the steam works through the back pressure turbines, and then the generator is driven to generate electricity. The back pressure turbine adopts a high-efficiency turbine, the efficiency can reach 75-85%, the rotating speed of each generator can reach 3000rpm, and the generating power is 19.7 MW. The steam temperature at the outlet of the steam turbine is 200 ℃, the pressure is 1.0MPa, and the steam enters a steam header, a lithium bromide refrigerator, a heat exchanger and a deaerator through pipelines connected with the outlet of each steam turbine. The outlet of the steam header is connected with the agricultural production plant through a steam pipeline, the temperature of the steam reaching the agricultural production plant is higher than 180 ℃, the pressure of the steam is higher than 0.8MPa, and the steam is guaranteed to be superheated steam. The lithium bromide refrigerator is connected with the agricultural production plant through a water pipeline, and cold water at the temperature of 5-8 ℃ can be formed after steam is introduced into the lithium bromide refrigerator. The heat exchanger is directly connected with the agricultural production plant through a water pipe, and the steam enters the heat exchanger and can form hot water at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ through the heat exchange effect. When the environmental temperature is high, cold water is sprayed into the agricultural production plant for cooling, when the environmental temperature is low, hot water is sprayed into the agricultural production plant for heating, and finally the plant temperature is controlled to be 22-25 ℃. Steam enters the deaerator, water in a deaerator water tank is heated to the saturation temperature corresponding to the working pressure of the deaerator, and saturated water is pumped out by a water feeding pump connected with 3 main pipes (one water feeding pump is standby) and enters the biomass boiler for heating.
This example agricultural production factory building is used for producing domestic fungus, and raw and other materials such as saw-dust, cottonseed shell are mainly used to the living beings raw materials, and the steam that provides with the steam power plant after the partial shipment disinfects, forms aseptic culture medium after the cooling. Then inoculating the culture medium to produce the edible fungi in a constant-temperature factory. Picking mature edible fungi and drying the edible fungi by using steam provided by a thermal power plant, wherein the picked culture medium is used as biomass waste. This forms a complete production cycle, the production cycle of the product is 40 days, about 3 million tons of biomass waste can be produced in one cycle, and about 27 million tons of biomass waste can be produced annually. The calorific value of the biomass waste produced is about 4000 kcal/kg. The biomass waste is continuously transferred to a biomass dryer through a belt after being generated, and dehydration treatment is carried out. The biomass subjected to dehydration treatment is conveyed to a biomass screening machine through a belt, biomass particles with proper size and shape are screened out and conveyed to a biomass grinding machine through the belt, and the biomass particles are ground to the size allowed by boiler combustion. And finally, transporting the biomass to a biomass boiler through a trestle for combustion reaction. Through measurement and calculation, the biomass fuel consumed by the biomass boiler every year is about 26.1 ten thousand tons, most of the generated biomass waste can be utilized by cogeneration, and the safety of supplying heat to agricultural production plants can be ensured.
The part of the utility model which is not described is the same as the prior art.
Claims (3)
1. A biomass fuel-based back pressure type cogeneration system comprises a steam-water system and a biomass fuel system, wherein the steam-water system comprises a biomass boiler, a back pressure type steam turbine and a generator which are connected with each other, and a deoxygenation water supply device connected with the biomass boiler; the biomass waste conveying channel of the agricultural production plant is connected with the biomass fuel system, the output end of the biomass fuel system is connected with the biomass boiler, the steam output end of the biomass boiler is connected with the steam turbine, and the steam output channel of the steam turbine is connected to the agricultural production plant through the steam header, the refrigerating machine and the heat exchanger respectively.
2. The biomass fuel-based back pressure cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the biomass fuel system comprises a biomass crusher, a biomass dryer, a biomass screening machine and a biomass grinding machine which are sequentially arranged in series, wherein the inlet end of the biomass crusher is connected with a biomass waste conveying channel of an agricultural production plant; the output port of the biomass grinder is connected with a biomass boiler.
3. The biomass fuel-based back-pressure cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein said biomass boiler is a biomass direct-fired boiler having a plurality of biomass direct-fired boilers connected in parallel by a header.
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| CN201921283901.0U CN210686075U (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Back pressure type cogeneration system based on biomass fuel |
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