CN210648548U - Electric card auxiliary inner-cooling textured turning tool and nano-fluid micro-lubricating intelligent working system - Google Patents
Electric card auxiliary inner-cooling textured turning tool and nano-fluid micro-lubricating intelligent working system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210648548U CN210648548U CN201920823205.8U CN201920823205U CN210648548U CN 210648548 U CN210648548 U CN 210648548U CN 201920823205 U CN201920823205 U CN 201920823205U CN 210648548 U CN210648548 U CN 210648548U
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides an electric card auxiliary internal cooling texture lathe tool and a nano fluid micro-lubricating intelligent working system, wherein the electric card auxiliary internal cooling texture lathe tool comprises: the inner-cooling turning tool comprises an inner-cooling turning tool handle, an adjustable direction nozzle and an inner-cooling turning tool blade; the inner-cooling turning tool handle is used as a bearing device, one end of the inner-cooling turning tool handle is provided with an inner-cooling turning tool blade, and an inner-cooling turning tool shim is arranged between the inner-cooling turning tool blade and a structure of the inner-cooling turning tool handle bearing the blade; the inner-cooling turning tool handle is also provided with an inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device, and the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device presses the inner-cooling turning tool blade on the inner-cooling turning tool handle; the front cutter face of the inner cold turning tool blade is processed with a texture; the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is of a hollow structure, the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is further provided with a direction-adjustable nozzle, and the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is communicated with an inner channel of the direction-adjustable nozzle. The electric card assists the inner-cooling textured turning tool, realizes the design of a steerable inner-cooling spray head with an atomization effect, and further realizes the accurate and controllable supply of trace lubricating liquid.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to an electric card assisted internal cooling texture turning tool, a nano fluid micro-lubrication and micro texture tool coupled turning process system and an intelligent supply method.
Background
In the metal cutting process, the cutting fluid and the additive can play roles of cooling, lubricating, cleaning, chip removal and rust prevention, so that the cutting fluid and the additive are widely applied, but also bring many negative effects, such as environmental pollution, harm to human health and increase of manufacturing cost, and improper use can increase the abrasion of a cutter and reduce the surface quality of a workpiece. With the requirements of national sustainable development strategy, China's manufacturing industry is pursuing a high-quality, high-efficiency and low-cost production mode, environmental regulations are stricter and stricter, the cooling method for pouring a large amount of cutting fluid does not meet the development direction of production, and measures are needed to change the resource consumption type manufacturing mode to realize green sustainable production. In recent years, a great deal of research has been conducted on cutting techniques for eliminating or reducing the damage of cutting fluids in various countries around the world and organizations such as the international society for manufacturing and engineering (CIRP), the American Society for Mechanical Engineering (ASME), and the international Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and efforts have been made to apply the cutting techniques to production practice. In order to eliminate or reduce the harm of the cooling liquid, technologies such as dry cutting, composite processing, green cooling and the like can be adopted. Among them, dry cutting can fundamentally solve many negative effects brought by cutting fluid, but in many cases, due to high cutting temperature, the life of the tool is short and the roughness of the surface of the workpiece is ultra-poor, and thus, it is not feasible to adopt complete dry cutting. Therefore, in dry cutting, a superhard cutting tool material and a coated cutting tool are generally used, and a high-speed cutting technology is adopted, but the theory of the high-speed cutting technology is not perfect. Complex machining techniques such as assisted cutting by a combination of heating and ultrasonic vibration are expensive in equipment and under research. While non-or low-pollution cooling techniques are widely used in the industry. At present, green cooling technologies such as cold air cooling, micro-lubrication cooling, water vapor, heat pipe cooling, internal cooling and the like are available, and the cooling effect is good. Therefore, the technology of realizing the quasi-dry cutting by the micro-lubricating device has feasibility and extremely high application prospect.
Conventional tribological concepts have recognized that the smoother two surfaces that are in contact with each other, the less wear there is. However, recent studies have shown that rather than a smoother surface being more wear resistant, a surface having a certain non-smooth morphology has better wear resistance. The study of a non-smooth morphology surface is also referred to as a textured surface. The Surface texture means that a geometric microstructure with certain characteristics is designed by using a geometric theory or a bionics theory, and a microstructure array is processed on the Surface by using means such as laser processing and the like to change the Surface geometric morphology, so that the contact performance between surfaces is improved, the friction is reduced, and the lubricating condition is improved. Therefore, the proper geometric micro-feature is the premise of texture modification, and has great engineering value for improving the friction performance between the contact pairs. The surface texture can improve the friction performance of the friction pair, and the surface texture pits or dents can play a role of an oil reservoir and can form a lubricating film on the surface of the friction pair in time, so that the friction wear of the surface of the friction pair is reduced. The lubricating effect of the lubricating oil on the surface second of the friction pair is mainly realized by means of relative motion between the two friction pairs, so that the lubricating oil is driven to form a lubricating film on the surface, and the direct contact position of the surfaces of the two friction pairs is reduced to reduce friction and reduce abrasion. When the pits or the dents exist, lubricating oil can be stored in the pits or the dents, when the surfaces of the two friction pairs start to move relatively, the relative movement speed is generated, the lubricating oil is adhered to the surfaces of the friction pairs due to viscosity, a lubricating film is quickly formed on the surfaces under the driving of the surfaces, the forming time of the lubricating film is shortened, and the anti-friction and anti-wear effects are achieved.
The micro-lubricating cutting processing technology is a cutting processing method which mixes and atomizes a micro-lubricating liquid and a gas with a certain pressure and then conveys the mixture to a friction interface to play a role in cooling and lubricating, the high-pressure gas mainly plays a role in cooling and chip removal, the micro-lubricating effect reaches or even exceeds the casting type lubricating effect, and the micro-lubricating cutting processing technology has the advantages and development prospects of replacing the traditional casting type cooling and lubricating system, but researches show that the high-pressure gas with the atomizing effect does not play an expected good cooling effect.
The nano-fluid minimal quantity lubrication inherits all advantages of the minimal quantity lubrication, solves the heat exchange problem of minimal quantity lubrication cutting, and is an energy-saving, environment-friendly, green and low-carbon cutting processing technology. Because the solid heat exchange performance is larger than that of liquid and the liquid heat exchange performance is larger than that of gas, a proper amount of nano-scale solid particles are added into biodegradable trace lubricating liquid to form nano fluid, and the trace lubricating liquid of the nano fluid is atomized by compressed gas and is conveyed to a cutter/chip interface in a jet flow mode. The compressed gas mainly plays a role in cooling, removing chips and conveying nano fluid; the micro-amount lubricating liquid mainly plays a role in lubrication; the nano particles strengthen the heat exchange capacity of fluid in the cutting area, play a good role in cooling, and simultaneously play a good role in wear resistance, friction reduction and bearing capacity, thereby improving the lubricating effect of the grinding area, greatly improving the surface quality and burning phenomenon of a workpiece, effectively prolonging the service life of a cutter and improving the working environment.
The conventional refrigeration system is realized based on a vapor compression technology, and most of the refrigeration systems are gas-liquid refrigeration systems using freon as a refrigerant. Once freon enters the atmosphere, the ozone layer is destroyed, which not only causes environmental problems but also threatens human health. The magnetic refrigeration technology is a novel solid refrigeration technology based on magnetic card effect. The magnetic card effect is that in the process of applying a magnetic field to a magnetic material or removing the magnetic field, the order degree of a magnetic domain is changed to cause the change of the system entropy, and further the temperature of the material is changed to realize refrigeration. Magnetic refrigeration requires a large magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet array to drive a refrigeration device to work, and the refrigeration efficiency of the magnetic refrigeration device depends strongly on the magnetic field intensity or the size of a magnet, so that the application of the magnetic refrigeration technology is limited to a great extent. The ferroelectric refrigeration based on the electric card effect is evolved from the magnetic refrigeration similar to the magnetic card effect. The electric card refrigeration is realized by utilizing the change of the polarization state of a material caused by applying or removing an electric field on the polar material, and the change of the order degree of the polarization state can induce the material to generate field entropy change and temperature change.
The inventor finds that, through research, application number "CN 201320711247.5", applicant invented a turning tool for people of zhao qiang et al of the limited company in the south of china, the turning tool includes a tool shank and a tool bit, the tool shank is connected with the tool bit, the tool bit includes a cutting section and an avoiding section which are connected with each other, the avoiding section includes a cylindrical section and a conical section, and the conical section is arranged between the tool shank and the cylindrical section. The technical scheme effectively solves the problem that the inner conical surface and the oil spray hole of the nozzle are difficult to process in the prior art.
Through retrieval, xu national win and the like of Tianjin profession and technology university invent a finish machining turning tool, application number 201611070460.7 provides a finish machining turning tool, the turning tool comprises a turning tool body and a special-shaped cutting blade, a main cutting edge and an auxiliary cutting edge of the special-shaped cutting blade are R40-50 mm circular arcs, the blade length is 8-10 mm, a main rear cutter face is R6-R7 mm circular arc faces, the auxiliary rear cutter face is R6.5-R8 mm circular arc faces, an arc edge is arranged at the intersection between the main rear cutter face and the auxiliary rear cutter face of the special-shaped cutting blade, and the edge is used as a cutting edge to participate in turning in the turning process. The invention can effectively improve the stress condition of the cutter and the discharge direction of the cutting chips when the cutting depth is less than 0.05mm in the finish turning process, avoids the problems of vibration, squeezing cutting and scratching of the processed surface by the cutting chips, carries out finishing processing while turning and reduces the difficulty of finish turning and the surface roughness of a workpiece. However, the method has a small application range and has little significance in turning tool manufacturing guidance under other working conditions and processing environments.
Through search, Wu Yuanbo et al, university of Jinan, invented a composite surface texture friction pair, application No. 201820389723.9, discloses a composite surface texture friction pair, belongs to the technical field of mechanical motion friction pair surfaces, the structure of the surface friction device comprises an upper surface friction pair and a lower surface friction pair, a composite surface texture is processed on the surface of the lower surface friction pair, the composite surface texture comprises a first groove, a second groove, a first pit and a second pit, the first groove and the second groove respectively comprise a plurality of grooves, the first grooves are arranged in parallel, the second grooves are arranged in parallel, the first grooves and the second grooves are arranged in a cross mode to form a net-shaped groove texture, the first pits comprise a plurality of grooves which are arranged in sequence along the net-shaped groove texture, the first pits are communicated with the net-shaped groove texture, the second pits comprise a plurality of grooves, and a diamond grid center formed along the net-shaped groove texture is arranged. The utility model discloses utilize the surface texture at vice surface machining of motion friction to improve oil film boundary lubrication state, reduce coefficient of friction and wearing and tearing volume. However, the friction texture type of the patent is single, only two textures are simply combined, and the applicable working condition of the texture is not described, so that the friction texture cannot be further practically applied.
However, although the above patent solves the problem of green cooling and lubrication during the turning process or the problem of wear resistance of the tool to some extent or develops a new type of inner cooling tool, it still has some defects or reasonable solutions to other necessary problems.
The inner cooling cutter has the problem that heat exchange of a difficult-to-machine material with a small heat conductivity coefficient is insufficient in the machining process, and in the machining process of the material with the low heat conductivity coefficient, due to the fact that the heat conductivity coefficient is low, heat cannot be transferred out in time, burning or cutting chips on the machined surface can be easily caused to adhere to a prop under the combined action of the burning or cutting chips and the prop at high temperature, and machining performance and machining precision of the cutter are reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The purpose of this description embodiment is to provide the supplementary interior cold texture lathe tool of electricity card, and it has realized taking atomizing effect to turn to interior cold shower nozzle design, and then has realized the accurate controllable supply of trace lubricating liquid.
The embodiment of the specification provides an electric card auxiliary internal cooling texture turning tool, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
the inner-cooling turning tool comprises an inner-cooling turning tool handle, an adjustable direction nozzle and an inner-cooling turning tool blade;
the inner-cooling turning tool handle is used as a bearing device, one end of the inner-cooling turning tool handle is provided with an inner-cooling turning tool blade, and an inner-cooling turning tool shim is arranged between the inner-cooling turning tool blade and a structure of the inner-cooling turning tool handle bearing the blade;
the inner-cooling turning tool handle is made of an electric clamp material and is externally connected with an electric field, and insulating coatings with good heat conductivity are coated inside and outside the inner-cooling turning tool handle;
the inner-cooling turning tool handle is also provided with an inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device, and the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device presses the inner-cooling turning tool blade on the inner-cooling turning tool handle;
the front cutter face of the inner cold turning tool blade is processed with a texture;
the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is of a hollow structure, the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is further provided with a direction-adjustable nozzle, and the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is communicated with an inner channel of the direction-adjustable nozzle.
The embodiment of the specification provides a nano-fluid micro-lubricating intelligent working system, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
the system comprises a machine tool working system, an electric clamping tool handle cooling fin moving system, a micro-lubricating supply system and a texture turning tool component;
a micro-lubricating supply system and a texture turning tool component are arranged on the machine tool working system;
the electric clamping tool holder heat dissipation plate moving system is arranged on the turning tool holder and mainly used for dissipating heat of the turning tool holder made of an electric clamping material;
the micro-lubricating supply system mainly provides pulsed lubricating and cooling liquid for the texture turning tool component;
the texture lathe tool component is the electric card auxiliary inner-cooling texture lathe tool, a workpiece arranged in a machine tool working system rotates, the texture lathe tool component does linear motion under the action of the machine tool working system, and the texture lathe tool component and the workpiece are sheared, so that cuttings are generated, and the workpiece material is removed.
The embodiment of the specification provides a process method for coupling nano-fluid minimal quantity lubrication and a texture cutter, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
pouring the prepared trace lubricating oil or the nano-fluid trace lubricating oil into a trace lubricating supply system;
the texture turning tool component needs to be installed in a machine tool working system and well positioned and clamped;
the workpiece also needs to be arranged on a machine tool working system and well positioned and clamped;
after the cutting parameters are determined, inputting the machining parameters of the lathe into a micro-lubricating supply system, intelligently identifying the cutting parameters by establishing a parameter matching database in the early stage, matching the cutting parameters with the optimal liquid supply amount of the micro-lubricating supply system, controlling an intelligent supply motor to move, driving a gear rack transmission mechanism, further adjusting the cutting amount, and realizing the intelligent supply of the cutting amount and the liquid supply amount;
in the process of machining a workpiece, the workpiece always keeps rotating, the texture turning tool component does linear motion under the action of a machine tool working system, and the texture turning tool component and the workpiece are sheared, so that chips are generated, and the material of the workpiece is removed.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
the electric card auxiliary inner-cooling textured turning tool realizes the design of a steerable inner-cooling spray head with an atomization effect, and further realizes accurate and controllable supply of trace lubricating liquid. The inner cooling is used for reducing the temperature and strongly exchanging heat, thereby prolonging the service life of the cutter.
The present disclosure uses nanofluid minimal lubrication; namely, the nano particles are added into trace lubricating oil, and then the dispersing agent is added to obtain the stable nano fluid with good dispersibility. The excellent heat exchange performance of the nano particles is utilized to reduce the temperature of the high-temperature area.
The present disclosure uses a textured cutter; after the surface of the turning tool is processed with the texture, the friction coefficient of a friction area can be reduced, and further, the heat energy generated by friction is reduced;
the present disclosure uses an internal cooling lathe tool, and uses a special liquid supply path of the internal cooling lathe tool to bring more nano-fluid trace lubricating oil into a heat production area. Therefore, the application of the cutting fluid can greatly reduce the cutting temperature, clean fine chips and prolong the service life of the cutter.
The inner-cooling turning tool structure has higher manufacturing precision and assembly precision, and the size of the turning tool is not large, so the size of a liquid supply channel of the inner-cooling turning tool is matched with that of the inner-cooling turning tool.
The liquid supply position of the inner-cooling turning tool is closer to the rake face and the friction area of the tool bits which need to be lubricated and cooled actually, so that the cooling and lubricating effect is good.
The technical system for coupling the nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication with the texture cutter solves the problems of environmental pollution, harm to human health, increase in manufacturing cost and the like of the traditional lubrication mode through the minimal quantity lubrication mode, and realizes the reduction of environment-friendly cutting force and the transfer of cutting heat; on the other hand, the surface texture can improve the friction performance of the friction pair, and the micro pits or dents of the surface texture can play a role of an oil reservoir and can form a lubricating film on the surface of the friction pair in time, so that the friction wear of the surface of the friction pair is reduced, and the service life of a turning tool in a process system is prolonged. Therefore, the present invention realizes green manufacturing with long life and low energy consumption, combining the above-mentioned various effects.
The technological method for coupling the nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication and the texture cutter can realize low-damage and low-energy-consumption green removal of various cutting and machining materials including difficult-to-machine materials through the coupling effect of the nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication and the texture cutter. And establishing an exponential equation of the cutting force, and theoretically guiding the cutting parameters of the cutter. Cutting parameters are intelligently identified and matched with the optimal liquid supply amount of the trace lubrication supply device, so that intelligent supply of the cutting amount and the liquid supply amount is realized. The utility model discloses an integrated lathe tool wearing and tearing state image acquisition device and cutter temperature monitoring devices has promoted the intelligent degree of whole system of processing and the controllability of course of working, has reduced the disqualification rate of processing the work piece.
And analyzing different microscopic lubrication states, and combining the lubrication working condition with the texture type. The optimal lubrication condition in the microscopic state, namely the lubrication condition of coupling of the micro-lubrication and the microtexture of the nanofluid, is found.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an electric card assisted internal cooling textured turning tool and a supply device thereof according to a first embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an electric clamp auxiliary internal cooling textured turning tool according to a first embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 3(a) is an exploded view of an electric card assisted inner-cooling textured turning tool according to a first embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 3(b) is a schematic structural view of a pin in an electric card auxiliary internal cooling textured turning tool according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an atomized portion of a platen element with a fluid channel in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5(a) is a cross-sectional view of an electric clamp assisted internally cold textured turning tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5(b) is a schematic structural diagram of an inner-cooling turning tool insert of an electric card assisted inner-cooling textured turning tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system for moving cooling fins of an electrical-clamping tool holder of an internal-cooling turning tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a cycle of operation of a system for moving a heat sink of an electrical chuck handle of an internal cooling turning tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a two-nanofluid minimal lubrication turning process system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a second machine tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a second minimal quantity lubrication supply system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent supply of minimal quantity lubrication in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a turning tool under stress according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an analysis of force coordinates of a turning tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of different types of texture forms in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 15(a) -15 (b) are schematic diagrams and partially enlarged views illustrating capillary phenomenon during turning according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 16(a) -16 (c) are schematic microscopic views of an example of the present disclosure in a dry-cut state, a poured or minimal lubrication state, and a nanofluid minimal lubrication state;
FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a triangular cross-section texture of an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quadrilateral cross-sectional texture of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional schematic view of an elliptical cross-section texture of an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
in the figure, I-a machine tool working system, II-a workpiece, III-a texture turning tool component, IV-a micro-lubrication supply system, a V-turning tool wear state monitoring system and VII-an electric clamping tool handle radiating fin moving system;
i-1-a spindle box, I-2-an adjusting knob, I-3-a workpiece clamping device, I-4-a machine tool guide rail, I-5-a turning tool component, I-6-a tip, I-7-a tip fixing knob, I-8-a lead screw motor, I-9-a machine tool tailstock seat, I-10-a machine tool tailstock, I-11-a rotating tool rest component, I-12-a longitudinal lead screw motor and I-13-a machine tool body;
III-1-a direction-adjustable nozzle, III-2-a pressing device of a blade of an internal cooling lathe tool, III-3-a positioning pin of the internal cooling lathe tool, III-4-3-a main rear tool face, III-4-2-a front tool face, III-4-1-an auxiliary rear tool face, III-4-a blade of the internal cooling lathe tool, III-5-a tool pad of the internal cooling lathe tool, III-6-a handle of the internal cooling lathe tool, III-7-an air pipe joint of the internal cooling lathe tool, III-8-a nozzle sealing ring, III-9-a sealing screw of the internal cooling lathe tool, III-10-a sealing screw sealing ring of the lathe tool, III-11-an upper sealing screw, III-12-an upper sealing ring, III-1-1-a direction-adjustable nozzle gas channel, III-1-2-direction-adjustable nozzle lubricating oil channel, III-4-a-open texture form, III-4-b-mixed texture form, III-4-c-closed texture form and III-4-d-semi-open texture form;
IV-1-box body, IV-2-oil cup joint, IV-3-oil cup, IV-4-fixing screw, IV-5-gasket, IV-6-fixing screw, IV-7 lubricating pump fixing cover, IV-8-precision micro lubricating pump, IV-9-air volume adjusting knob, IV-10-tee joint, IV-11-electromagnetic valve, IV-12-air source processor, IV-13-air inlet interface, IV-14-bidirectional joint, IV-15-frequency generator, IV-16-pipeline, IV-17-pipeline, IV-18-pipeline, IV-19-oil volume adjusting knob, IV-20-lubricating pump outlet joint, IV-21-intelligent supply gear, IV-22-intelligent supply motor foot rest, IV-23-intelligent supply motor seat, IV-24-intelligent supply sliding rail rack and IV-25-intelligent supply motor;
VI-1-cutting, VI-2-nano particles, VI-3-texture turning tool, VI-4-trace lubricating oil, VI-5-micro cutting and VI-6-micro capillary channel;
VII-1-a heat dissipation plate, VII-2-a cylinder, VII-3-an upper air inlet pipe and VII-4-a lower air inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example of implementation 1
The embodiment discloses an electric card auxiliary internal cooling textured turning tool, which is shown in attached drawings 1-7 and comprises a direction-adjustable nozzle III-1, an internal cooling turning tool blade pressing device III-2, an internal cooling turning tool positioning pin III-3, an internal cooling turning tool blade III-4, an internal cooling turning tool shim III-5, an internal cooling turning tool handle III-6, an internal cooling turning tool air pipe connector III-7, a nozzle sealing ring III-8, an internal cooling turning tool sealing screw III-9, a turning tool sealing screw sealing ring III-10, a direction-adjustable nozzle gas channel III-1-1 and a direction-adjustable nozzle lubricating oil channel III-1-2.
The inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4 is a main working part for turning, a workpiece rotates during working, and the inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4 performs linear feeding movement; shearing is generated between the main cutting edge of the cutter and a workpiece, so that cutting chips are generated, and the cutting chips and the front cutter face of the turning cutter blade generate friction; and the flank surface of the turning tool insert may rub against the machined surface of the workpiece.
FIG. 5(b) shows a specific structure of an inner-cooling turning tool insert, which includes a main flank surface III-4-3, a rake surface III-4-2, and an auxiliary flank surface III-4-1. Fig. 5(a) is a cross-sectional view of an electric card assisted internally cold textured turning tool in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In a specific implementation example, the inner-cooling turning tool shim III-5 is the same as the inner-cooling turning tool insert III-4 in shape, and the thickness dimension and the central hole dimension are different. The method mainly prevents the deformation of the inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4 due to too large cutting resistance, and averagely transmits the cutting resistance borne by the inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4 to the inner-cooling turning tool shank III-6 through the inner-cooling turning tool shim III-5.
The inner-cooling turning tool handle III-6 is a bearing device of an inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4 and an inner-cooling turning tool shim III-5, and mainly has the function of fixedly connecting all parts of the texture inner-cooling turning tool together and fixedly connecting the parts on a rotary tool rest part I-11 of a machine tool system through bolts.
The inner-cooling turning tool positioning pin III-3 is a special pin and is used for positioning an inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4 and an inner-cooling turning tool shim III-5.
The special pin is not specially made or specially processed by materials and the like, and is called as the special pin mainly because the pin is used as a mechanical part with production standard, and the structure and the shape and the size of the pin have certain standards in actual production. The pins used in the present disclosure, while functionally identical to standard parts, are structurally different from conventional pin standard parts, i.e., non-standard parts, and thus are referred to herein as purpose-made pins. The structure of the special pin is shown in figure 3 (b). Fig. 3(a) is an explosion diagram of an electric card assisted internal cold textured turning tool according to a first embodiment of the disclosure.
The pressing device of the present embodiment is different from the existing ones, which can only provide a pressing effect, but cannot provide other effects. The compressing device of the present disclosure can provide compressing action and can be used as a circulating device for gas and micro-lubricating liquid tubes.
The inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device III-2 is a pressing device of the inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4, and the outer-cooling turning tool blade is pressed through the pressing device to play a role in clamping. Which is fixedly connected with an inner-cooling turning tool sealing screw III-9 through screw thread. A lathe tool sealing screw sealing ring III-10 is arranged between the internal cooling lathe tool sealing screw III-9 and the internal cooling lathe tool shank III-6, and the part is hollow and can allow gas and a trace lubricating liquid pipe to pass through.
Under the combined action of the sealing screw III-9, the tool holder III-6, the upper sealing screw III-11 and the upper sealing ring III-12 of the inner cooling turning tool, compressed gas and a liquid pipe of the turning tool channel can be communicated to the direction-adjustable nozzle III-1. The inner-cooling lathe tool sealing screw III-9 provides guarantee for overhauling the lathe tool fault, and further prolongs the service life of the whole part.
The direction-adjustable nozzle III-1 is an inner-cooling turning tool nozzle with an atomization device and capable of adjusting direction, and comprises a direction-adjustable nozzle gas channel III-1-1 and a direction-adjustable nozzle lubricating oil channel III-1-2, so that gas and trace lubricating oil can be mixed and atomized. And a turning tool sealing screw sealing ring III-10 and an inner cooling turning tool sealing screw III-9 are standard parts and are used for sealing a gas channel of the inner cooling turning tool with texture.
The inner-cooling turning tool air pipe joint III-7 is a connecting device of a micro-lubricating supply device and an inner-cooling turning tool lubricating liquid interface, one end of the inner-cooling turning tool air pipe joint is connected with the inner-cooling turning tool shank III-6, and the other end of the inner-cooling turning tool air pipe joint is connected with a pipeline of a micro-lubricating supply system IV.
The front knife face of the inner cold turning tool blade is processed with textures with certain surface density, width and depth, and the textures comprise an open texture, a semi-open texture, a closed texture and a mixed texture.
The open texture is that fluid in the texture can flow freely in the texture, namely, the fluid can move in one direction and also flow in a direction forming a certain angle with the direction.
The semi-open texture means that the fluid in the texture can only make unidirectional motion under the action of the texture.
Closed texture is the texture in which the fluid does not move in the other direction.
The mixed texture is formed by combining two or three open, semi-open and closed textures.
When the micro-lubricating turning tool works, referring to the figure 5(a), a liquid pipe flowing out of a gas-liquid mixing outlet IV-5 of the micro-lubricating supply system IV finally enters a direction-adjustable nozzle gas channel III-1-1 through an inner-cooling turning tool handle III-6 and an inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device III-2.
Compressed air enters the inner-cooling lathe tool handle III-6 and the inner-cooling lathe tool blade pressing device III-2 through the inner-cooling lathe tool air pipe connector III-7, finally reaches the position of the nozzle-adjustable lubricating oil channel III-1-2, and generates atomized liquid drops of trace lubricating oil under the combined action of the compressed air and the liquid pipe.
The novel interior cold lathe tool part in this embodiment has realized taking atomizing effect can turn to interior cold shower nozzle design and supplementary refrigeration of electric card, and then has realized that the accurate controllable of trace lubricating liquid supplies with the blade well cooling.
Example II
The embodiment discloses that the embodiment of the present specification provides an intelligent working system for minimal quantity lubrication of nanofluid, and is realized by the following technical scheme, referring to the attached drawings of fig. 8-11:
the method comprises the following steps:
a machine tool working system, a micro-lubricating supply system and a texture turning tool component;
a micro-lubricating supply system and a texture turning tool component are arranged on the machine tool working system;
the micro-lubricating supply system mainly provides pulsed lubricating and cooling liquid for the texture turning tool component;
the texture lathe tool component is the electric card auxiliary inner-cooling texture lathe tool, a workpiece arranged in a machine tool working system rotates, the texture lathe tool component does linear motion under the action of the machine tool working system, and the texture lathe tool component and the workpiece are sheared, so that cuttings are generated, and the workpiece material is removed.
The machine tool working system II can be a common lathe or a numerical control lathe, the invention takes the common lathe as an example to describe the whole process system, and the process system of the numerical control lathe still belongs to the content of the invention under the condition that the components or the structure are the same. The workpiece II is a part to be machined, and is generally a rotary part. The texture turning tool component III is mainly the cutting part of the turning process. The micro-lubricating supply device IV mainly provides pulsed lubricating and cooling liquid for the texture turning tool component III.
In an embodiment, the system further comprises a turning tool wear state monitoring system V, wherein the turning tool wear state monitoring system V integrates a thermal infrared imager acquisition module and an image acquisition device, and can monitor the wear state of the turning tool and the temperature of a turning tool component.
When the initial position is machined, the image acquisition device of the turning tool wear state monitoring system V acquires the initial state of the turning tool and stores the initial state in the memory, after one part is machined, the turning tool returns to the initial position, and the image acquisition device acquires images of the turning tool blade and compares the images with the images of the turning tool in the initial state in a blocking mode. And obtaining a reference value of the wear state of the turning tool after the block image comparison and the data weighting accumulation, and comparing the reference value with a turning tool wear threshold value corresponding to the precision requirement of the processed workpiece according to the size of the reference value so as to determine whether to replace the turning tool. And weighting accumulation, namely endowing the abrasion close to the turning tool blade part with higher weight, endowing the abrasion far away from the turning tool blade part with lower weight, and accumulating and adding to obtain a turning tool abrasion state reference value.
In another embodiment, the electric card holder heat dissipation plate moving system is further included and comprises a heat dissipation plate, a lower air inlet pipe, an air cylinder and an upper air inlet pipe.
Specifically, the air cylinders are arranged below the heat dissipation plate, the number of the air cylinders can be two, and each air cylinder is connected to the upper air inlet pipe and the lower air inlet pipe respectively.
The electric card handle cooling fin mobile system carries out periodic circular telegram for the lathe tool handle that the electric card material was made to the fin is followed the periodic removal, specifically as follows:
1. an electric field is applied to the inner-cooling turning tool handle III-6 and the inner-cooling turning tool shim III-5, dipoles in the inner-cooling turning tool handle III-6 and the inner-cooling turning tool shim III-5 can be orderly arranged under the action of the electric field, so that the entropy value of the whole component is reduced, and the temperature is increased.
2. The electric field is kept unchanged, the temperature rise caused by entropy reduction is dissipated by the cooling plate VII-1, the lower air inlet pipe VII-4 of the cooling plate VII-1 works to push the air cylinder VII-2 to move forwards, the cooling plate VII-1 is in contact with the inner cooling turning tool handle III-6 and the inner cooling turning tool pad III-5, and the heat of the inner cooling turning tool handle III-6 and the inner cooling turning tool pad III-5 is transferred to the cooling plate VII-1.
3. And removing the electric field, ventilating the upper air inlet pipe VII-3, and pushing the air cylinder VII-2 back, wherein at the moment, due to the withdrawal of the electric field, dipoles of the inner cooling turning tool handle III-6 and the inner cooling turning tool pad III-5 are arranged in disorder, so that the entropy value is increased, and the temperature is reduced.
4. The electric field is still in a removed state, the temperature of the inner-cooling turning tool handle III-6 and the inner-cooling turning tool shim III-5 is lower than that of the inner-cooling turning tool blade III-4, and heat is transferred to the turning tool handle.
Thereby cycling back and forth to achieve a reduction in component temperature.
The work flow of the whole system is as follows: before the whole system works, the prepared trace lubricating oil or the nano-fluid trace lubricating oil needs to be poured into a trace lubricating supply system IV, and the texture turning tool component III needs to be installed in a machine tool working system I and well positioned and clamped. In addition, the workpiece II also needs to be arranged on the machine tool working system I and well positioned and clamped.
The difference between the minimal quantity lubrication and the nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication is that the nanoparticles and the dispersing agent are added on the basis of the minimal quantity lubricating oil, so that the nanoparticles are uniformly and stably dispersed in a liquid medium of the minimal quantity lubricating oil, and the nanofluid with good dispersibility, high stability, durability and low agglomeration is formed.
In the process of processing the workpiece II, the workpiece II always keeps rotating, and the texture turning tool component III makes linear motion under the action of the machine tool working system I. Shearing is generated between the texture turning tool component III and the workpiece II, so that cutting chips are generated, and the material of the workpiece II is removed.
Referring to the attached figure 9, the turning machine tool working system I comprises a spindle box I-1, an adjusting knob I-2, a workpiece clamping device I-3, a machine tool guide rail I-4, a turning tool component I-5, a tip I-6, a tip fixing knob I-7, a lead screw motor I-8, a tailstock base I-9, a machine tool tailstock I-10, a rotary tool rest component I-11 and a longitudinal lead screw motor I-12. The machine tool body I-13 is mainly made of cast iron and is processed by a casting process, and mainly has the functions of connecting all parts together and stably fixing a machine tool working system I on the ground. The main spindle box I-1 is a complex transmission part of a turning machine tool working system I and mainly used for realizing the rotary motion of the workpiece clamping device I-3, realizing different rotating speeds of the workpiece clamping device I-3, starting and stopping of the workpiece clamping device I-3, conversion of the rotating direction of the workpiece clamping device I-3 and the like. The rotation of the adjusting knob I-2 can adjust a transmission mechanism of the spindle box I-1 to control the start and stop of the workpiece clamping device I-3 and the change of the rotating speed and the rotating direction. The workpiece clamping device I-3 can select a three-jaw chuck, a four-jaw chuck or a faceplate and other devices according to the process requirements of actual part processing; its main function is centering and clamping. The rotary tool rest component I-11 is mainly used for installing and fixing the texture turning tool component III. It can simultaneously install four cutters. The principle is that a texture turning tool component III is fixed on a rotary tool rest component I-11 through a bolt. The longitudinal movement of the rotary tool rest component I-11 is completed by driving a screw rod to move by a longitudinal screw rod motor I-12. The machine tool guide rail I-4 is precisely matched with a workbench of the rotary tool rest component I-11, so that the transverse movement of the rotary tool rest component I-11 is realized. The screw motor I-8 is a power source for the rotation motion of the screw. The machine tool tailstock I-9 is precisely matched with the machine tool guide rail I-4 to realize the linear movement of the machine tool tailstock I-10 on the guide rail. The center fixing knob I-7 is a fixing knob of the center I-6, and the center I-6 and the machine tool tailstock base I-9 are relatively static by rotating the center fixing knob I-7. The center I-6 is an auxiliary device in the turning process, when the slender shaft is turned, the slender shaft can be propped by the center I-6 of the machine tool, so that the vibration of the slender shaft in the processing process is reduced, and the processing precision of a processed workpiece is improved. The center I-6 can be replaced by a drill for drilling the workpiece, or other types of tools for performing rotary machining on the workpiece. The workpiece II is generally a bar stock, and can also be a disc, a sleeve or other workpieces with rotary surfaces, such as an inner cylindrical surface, an outer cylindrical surface, an end surface, a groove, a thread, a rotary forming surface and the like.
As shown in figure 10, the minimal quantity lubrication supply system IV comprises a box body IV-1, an oil cup joint IV-2, an oil cup IV-3, a fixing screw IV-4, a gasket IV-5, a fixing screw IV-6, a lubricating pump fixing cover IV-7, a precise minimal quantity lubrication pump IV-8, a gas quantity adjusting knob IV-9, a three-way valve IV-10, an electromagnetic valve IV-11, a gas source processor IV-12, an air inlet interface IV-13, a two-way joint IV-14, a frequency generator IV-15, a pipeline IV-16, a pipeline IV-17, a pipeline IV-18, an oil quantity adjusting knob IV-19, a lubricating pump outlet joint IV-20, an intelligent supply gear IV-21, an intelligent supply motor foot rest IV-22, an intelligent supply motor seat IV-23, an intelligent supply sliding rail IV-24, an oil quantity adjusting knob IV-19, an intelligent supply, And intelligently supplying the motor IV-25. The air inlet interface IV-13 is fixed on the air source processor IV-12, high-pressure air enters the air source processor IV-12 through the air inlet interface IV-13 to be filtered, and provides high-pressure air for a lubricating system, the air source processor IV-12 is connected to the electromagnetic valve IV-11 through the bidirectional connector IV-14 to control the air to enter, the outlet of the electromagnetic valve IV-11 is connected with a tee joint IV-10, the high-pressure air enters the frequency generator IV-15 through an outlet pipeline IV-16 of the tee joint IV-10, the input frequency of the air is controlled through the frequency generator IV-15, and the high-pressure air enters the precise micro lubricating pump IV-8 through the pipeline IV-17 after coming out of the frequency generator IV-15; in addition, high-pressure gas enters a precise micro lubricating pump IV-8 through another outlet pipeline IV-18 of the tee joint IV-10, one end of an oil cup joint IV-2 is connected with the IV-2 through threads, the other end of the oil cup joint IV-2 is connected with a lubricating pump fixing cover IV-7 through threads, the lubricating pump fixing cover IV-7 is connected with the precise micro lubricating pump IV-8 through 2 fixing screws IV-6, the lubricating pump fixing cover IV-7 is fixed on a box body IV-1 through 2 fixing screws IV-4 and a gasket IV-5, the gas quantity of the high-pressure gas is adjusted by adjusting a gas quantity adjusting knob IV-9, the oil quantity of the lubricating oil is adjusted by adjusting an oil quantity adjusting knob IV-19, and finally the lubricating oil is provided for the cutting system IV by connecting a lubricating pump outlet connector IV-20 with a nozzle connector IV-6.
The intelligent supply gear IV-21 is connected with an intelligent supply motor IV-25 through key connection, the intelligent supply motor IV-25 is installed on an intelligent supply motor foot stand IV-22 through bolt connection, the intelligent supply motor foot stand IV-22 is fixedly connected to an intelligent supply motor base IV-23 through bolt connection, and the intelligent supply motor base IV-23 is fixedly connected to a box body IV-1 in a welding mode. The intelligent supply sliding rail rack IV-24 is fixedly connected to the box body IV-1 in a welding mode and is in matched transmission with the intelligent supply gear IV-21.
The intelligent micro-lubricating adjusting and supplying system can drive a gear rack component through a motor according to actual processing, and then adjust a supply quantity knob so as to realize intelligent adjustment of supply quantity parameters of micro-lubricating oil.
The basic principle of the minimal quantity lubrication supply system IV is that the minimal quantity lubrication oil is pneumatically conveyed to a nozzle in a pulse mode (namely intermittent mode), atomized at the nozzle or an inner-cooling turning tool and sprayed to a specified position.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 11, the smart supply of minimal lubrication is implemented by: the supply amount of the micro-lubricating oil supply system corresponding to the cutting parameters of long-term practical experience can be input into a memory of the control unit through the microcomputer module, when the machining parameters are replaced, the parameters are input into the signal input device, the data in the corresponding memory is extracted into the supply amount, and then the mechanical device adjusting knob of the micro-lubricating oil supply device is adjusted to adjust the supply amount.
As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the cutting process is subjected to a cutting force FZForce F in the backYFeed force FX。
The cutting force index formula is an empirical formula for calculating the cutting force by performing a large number of experiments and processing the obtained data by a mathematical method after the cutting force is measured by a dynamometer.
FZ-a cutting force;
FY-a back force;
FX-a feed force;
CFz、CFy、CFx-coefficients dependent on the metal to be worked and the cutting conditions
XFz、YFz、nFz、XFy、YFy、nFy、XFx、YFx、nFxThe back draft a in the three component force formulaspIndices of feed amount f and cutting speed v;
KFz、KFy、KFxthe product of the correction coefficients of the cutting force by the various factors in the calculation of the three component forces, respectively, when the actual machining conditions do not match the conditions of the empirical formula obtained.
Establishing an exponential equation:
factors influencing the cutting force areThe main factors influencing the cutting force are the back cutting amount apAnd a feed amount f. In general, the main factors are included in the empirical formula, and the other factors are used as the correction factors of the empirical formula.
When the experiment of cutting force is carried out, all factors influencing the cutting force are kept unchanged, and only the back cutting amount a is changedpThe experiment is carried out, the dynamometer measures different back cutting quantities apWhen the data of a plurality of cutting component forces is drawn on the log-log coordinate paper, the data is similar to a straight line. The mathematical equation is as follows:
Y＝a+bX
in the formula:
Y＝lg Fzmain cutting force FZThe logarithm of (d);
X＝lgapback draft apThe logarithm of (d);
a＝lg Cap-F on logarithmic coordinateZ-apA longitudinal intercept on a straight line;
b＝tgα＝xFzon double logarithmic coordinates FZ-apThe slope of the line.
a and α can both be measured directly from FIG. 13
Thus, the above formula can be rewritten as:
lg Fz＝lg Cap+xFzlg ap
after finishing, the following can be obtained:
the cutting force F can be obtained by the same methodZRelation with feed amount f
In the formula:
Cfon a log-log coordinate system, FZ-f longitudinal intercept of the straight line;
yFz—FZ-the slope of the f-line.
Combining the above two formulas, and each other secondary factor pair FZThe empirical formula for calculating the cutting force can be obtained:
CFZ-coefficients depending on the material to be machined and the cutting conditions; the actual experimental data can be substituted into a formula to obtain the result;
KFzthe product of correction coefficients for the cutting force by various factors when the actual machining conditions do not match the conditions for obtaining the empirical formula.
Similarly, the feed force F can be obtainedXAnd a back force FYAn empirical formula of (2).
The process can predict the cutting force after the turning tool is designed, so that technical guidance is provided for reasonable cutting parameter selection.
Back draft a in cutting parameterspAfter the feeding amount f and the cutting speed v are determined, lathe machining parameters are input into the micro-lubricating supply system, a parameter matching database is established in the early stage, the cutting parameters are intelligently identified and matched with the optimal liquid supply amount of the micro-lubricating supply device, and intelligent supply of the cutting amount and the liquid supply amount is achieved.
Or when the working system is a numerical control turning system, connecting the micro-lubricating supply device with the numerical control system, reading a programming code of the numerical control system, and extracting the back cutting amount a in the identification code according to the rule of the programming codepThe parameters such as the feeding amount f and the cutting speed v are fed back to the nano-fluid minimal quantity lubrication supply device, the cutting parameters are intelligently identified through establishing a parameter matching database in the early stage and are matched with the optimal liquid supply amount of the minimal quantity lubrication supply device, and the intelligent supply of the cutting amount and the liquid supply amount is realized.
As shown in FIG. 14, the present invention divides the texture forms into an open texture form III-4-a, a mixed texture form III-4-b, a closed texture form III-4-c, and a semi-open texture form III-4-d. The tribological characteristics of the texture are related to the surface density (the area ratio of the texture to the total area in the area), the depth and the width of the texture, and the texture in each form can be analyzed by simulation software and then enters a friction and wear tester to perform a friction and wear experiment to find the optimal texture surface density, texture depth and texture width. A secondary lubrication function, which is an action of supplying a lubricating fluid to a cutting zone (a blade/chip friction zone) under an external action after the lubricating fluid is stored in the texture zone; the chip-holding function, i.e. the tiny chips during cutting, are carried into the textured groove and serve as a reservoir, thereby reducing friction and wear of the rest of the tool. The open texture III-4-a is that fluid in the texture can freely flow in the texture, namely, the fluid can move in one direction and also flow in a direction forming a certain angle with the direction. The semi-open texture III-4-d shows that the fluid in the texture can only do one-way motion under the action of the texture. The closed texture III-4-c is formed by the fact that fluid in the texture cannot move towards other directions. The mixed texture III-4-b is formed by combining two or three open, semi-open and closed textures together. Including but not limited to the figures.
Compared with a semi-open texture form III-4-d, a mixed texture form III-4-b and a closed texture form III-4-c, the open texture form III-4-a has more excellent lubricating liquid flow characteristics, and the 'secondary lubrication' is more easily realized in the processing process: i.e., microstructures with liquid transport channels, supply minute amounts of lubrication in textured depressions to the chip/tool friction area, thereby reducing wear. The closed texture form III-4-c has better processing manufacturability compared with the open texture form III-4-a, namely the manufacture is simple, but the texture is easily blocked by solid nano particles and tiny cuttings after long-term use, so that the liquid lubricant in the nanofluid trace lubricating liquid cannot play a role, but the manufacture is easier in actual production. The semi-open texture form III-4-d has the advantages and disadvantages of the closed texture form III-4-c and the open texture form III-4-a, has a semi-flow channel of trace lubricating oil, and is convenient to process. Because the oil storage or 'secondary lubrication' function of the texture can be exerted to the maximum extent in the direction perpendicular to the cutting direction, the wear resistance and friction reduction performance of the semi-open texture in the direction perpendicular to the cutting direction is more excellent than that of the semi-open texture form III-4-d in other directions. But the liquid flow is not as good as in open texture form III-4-a. The hybrid texture form III-4-b is complicated to process and tends to cause clogging of the closed portions in the hybrid texture form III-4-b over a long period of use. The manufacturer can select a proper texture processing form according to actual requirements.
As shown in FIGS. 15(a) -15 (b), in the actual machining process, elongated micro capillary channels VI-6 are generated between the textured turning tool VI-3 and the chip VI-1 due to the sliding friction of hard particles on the chip VI-1, and when the micro capillary channels VI-6 are communicated with the outside, the micro-scale capillary flow can enable the cutting fluid to penetrate into the friction area, so that the lubricating effect of trace lubricating oil is effectively improved. Capillary flow is a spontaneous motion that does not require external force to drive.
Since the minimal quantity of lubricating oil supplied by the minimal quantity lubrication supply system IV is supplied in the form of pneumatically atomized small droplets, these droplets have a faster speed and are more easily introduced into the microscopic capillary channel VI-6. And because the process system adopts the texture turning tool VI-3, the microcosmic capillary channel VI-6 is more easily communicated with the outside, so that under the coupling of double functions, the micro capillary channel VI-6 and the microtextured cutting fluid storage channel are arranged in the whole cutting process, thus the trace lubricating oil plays the maximum lubricating function in the device, the friction coefficient and the cutting force are reduced, the energy required by unit material removal is obviously reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
As shown in fig. 16(a) -16 (c), the coupling effect of the nanofluid minimal lubrication and the microtextured cutter can be obtained by analyzing the friction interface of the textured turning tool VI-3/chip VI-1 under the working condition of the nanofluid minimal lubrication as follows:
1. and the atomized trace lubricating oil VI-4 is spread in a chip/turning tool friction area to form an area lubricating oil film or a stable plane oil film, so that the friction coefficient of the friction area can be reduced, the abrasion and cutting force between the texture turning tool VI-3/chip VI-1 friction area are reduced, and the service life of the whole system is prolonged. Under the working condition of micro-lubrication of the nanofluid, due to the existence of the nano particles VI-2, a physical lubricating oil film of the micro-lubricating oil on a friction interface of the textured turning tool VI-3 and the cuttings VI-1 is easier to generate, so that the friction coefficient of a friction contact area is reduced, and the surface machining quality is improved. Meanwhile, the nano particles have the bearing-like effect, so that the integral lubricating property is improved.
2. The texture has shown excellent wear resistance without any lubricant addition. Under the working condition of micro-lubrication of the nanofluid, the existence of the texture groove of the texture turning tool VI-3 can store the micro-lubricating oil VI-4 on one hand, and can supply the micro-lubricating oil VI-4 to the friction area in time when the lubrication condition of the friction area is not good, namely, the secondary lubrication effect is achieved, and the lubrication gain effect is achieved; on the other hand, the tiny chips VI-5 generated in the friction contact area can be stored, and the friction wear generated by the tiny chips VI-5 is reduced.
3. The heat of the cutting area can be taken away in time by the strong heat exchange capability of the nano particles, so that the burning damage of the workpiece is avoided.
Under the combined action of the two aspects, the process system can well ensure the surface integrity of the processed workpiece, improve the service life of the process system and realize green manufacturing.
The micro-lubrication mode is different from the nano-fluid micro-lubrication, and due to the lack of nano-particles, compared with the nano-fluid micro-lubrication, the micro-lubrication mode has lower heat exchange capacity during processing, on one hand, the lubrication working condition is not suitable for processing materials with lower heat conductivity or materials with high processing continuous temperature, although the texture can provide the functions of secondary lubrication and chip containing under the lubrication mode, the micro-lubrication mode is easy to burn during processing due to the insufficient heat exchange capacity.
The casting type lubricating working condition is similar to the micro-scale lubrication, but the heat exchange capability of the casting type lubricating device is slightly superior to that of the micro-scale lubrication because the casting type lubricating device can continuously supply a large amount of liquid. The texture can provide secondary lubrication and chip holding functions. Pouring lubrication can enable a large amount of cutting fluid to enter a cutting area in a liquid jet mode, however, pouring lubrication is prone to causing hazards such as oil eruptions and folliculitis, carcinogenic substances can be generated, and the concept of green processing is violated.
Under the dry cutting working condition, namely, under the cutting state without any additional lubricating working condition, the texture can only provide the function of accommodating scraps but can not provide the secondary lubricating function, and meanwhile, the heat exchange capability is also a great obstacle.
As shown in fig. 17, 18 and 19, each type of texture section can be any two-dimensional shape that can be made, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, a polygon, a semicircle, a semi-ellipse, etc. The following analysis was performed for each shape parameter and application:
the shape parameters mainly comprise a left inclination angle β, a right inclination angle α, a texture width d and a depth h, wherein the left side is a triangle side close to a tool nose, and the larger the right inclination angle α is, the stronger the chip containing capacity of the texture groove is.
Setting the texture area S, the texture surface density phi and the oil storage and chip containing volume V under the section△
The shape parameters mainly comprise a left inclination angle β, a right inclination angle α and an upper texture width d1Lower texture width d2And a depth h.
Setting the texture area S, the texture surface density phi and the oil storage and chip containing volume V under the section□
An elliptical cross-section. Under the condition of the same depth, the area of the oil and chip containing area with the oval cross section is moderate, but when the lubricating liquid in the groove is impacted, the oil and chip containing area is easier to manufacture compared with the quadrilateral cross section, and the performance of the oil and chip containing area is between that of the quadrilateral cross section and that of the triangular cross section. The shape parameters include d and h.
Setting the texture area S, the texture surface density phi and the oil storage and chip containing volume V under the section○
The nanofluids in the microchannels have the following properties:
density of nanofluid: rhonf＝(1-φ)ρf+φρp
ρnfDensity of nanofluid
Phi-volume fraction
ρfDensity of base fluid
ρpDensity of the nanoparticles
Kinetic viscosity of nanofluid:
μnfkinetic viscosity of nanofluids
μfDynamic viscosity of the base fluid
Kinematic viscosity:
vnfkinematic viscosity of nanofluids
Thermal conductivity:
knfthermal conductivity of nanofluids
kpThermal conductivity of the nanoparticles
kfSpecific heat conductivity of base fluidCapacity: (ρ c)p)nf＝(1-φ)(ρcp)f+φ(ρcp)p
(ρcp)nfSpecific heat capacity of nanofluids
(ρcp)fSpecific heat capacity of base fluid
(ρcp)p-calculation of specific heat capacity Reynolds number for nanoparticles:
Re-Reynolds number
DhEquivalent diameter of the microchannels
v-kinematic viscosity
Wherein
M-mass flow
N-number of microchannels
AcCross section of microchannel
Coefficient of frictional resistance
f-coefficient of frictional resistance
Δ p-pressure difference
Dh-microchannel equivalent diameter
L-micro-channel length heat exchange characteristic Prandtl number:
Pr-heat transfer characteristic Prandtl number
cp-specific constant pressure heat capacity
k-working medium thermal conductivity
Total heat carried away by the nanofluid: q ═ Mcp(To-Ti)
Total heat quantity taken away by Q-nano fluid
ToOutlet temperature of nanofluid
TiInitial temperature of the nanofluid
It is to be understood that throughout the description of the present specification, reference to the term "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "other embodiments", or "first through nth embodiments", etc., is intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or materials described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. Electric card assists interior cold texture lathe tool, characterized by includes:
the inner-cooling turning tool comprises an inner-cooling turning tool handle, an adjustable direction nozzle and an inner-cooling turning tool blade;
the inner-cooling turning tool handle is used as a bearing device, one end of the inner-cooling turning tool handle is provided with an inner-cooling turning tool blade, and an inner-cooling turning tool shim is arranged between the inner-cooling turning tool blade and a structure of the inner-cooling turning tool handle bearing the blade;
the inner-cooling turning tool handle is made of an electric clamp material and is externally connected with an electric field, and heat-conducting insulating coatings are coated inside and outside the inner-cooling turning tool handle;
the inner-cooling turning tool handle is also provided with an inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device, and the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device presses the inner-cooling turning tool blade on the inner-cooling turning tool handle;
the front cutter face of the inner cold turning tool blade is processed with a texture;
the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is of a hollow structure, the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is further provided with a direction-adjustable nozzle, and the inner-cooling turning tool blade pressing device is communicated with an inner channel of the direction-adjustable nozzle.
2. The electrical card assisted internally cold textured turning tool of claim 1, comprising: the blade shape of the inner-cooling turning tool is the same as that of the inner-cooling turning tool, and the thickness dimension and the size of the central hole are different.
3. The electrical card assisted internally cooled textured turning tool of claim 1, wherein the internally cooled turning tool insert and the internally cooled turning tool shim are positioned by an internally cooled turning tool locating pin.
4. The electric-card-assisted internal-cooling textured turning tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressing device of the blade of the internal-cooling turning tool is fixedly connected with the shank of the internal-cooling turning tool through a sealing screw of the internal-cooling turning tool, and the sealing screw of the internal-cooling turning tool is hollow.
5. The electrical card assisted internally cold textured turning tool of claim 1 wherein the steerable nozzle comprises a steerable nozzle gas passage and a steerable nozzle lubricant passage to enable mixing and atomization of the gas and the minor amount of lubricant.
6. The electrical card assisted internally cold textured turning tool of claim 1, wherein the texture is open, semi-open, closed or hybrid.
7. Intelligent operating system of nanometer fluid minimal quantity lubrication, characterized by includes:
the system comprises a machine tool working system, an electric clamping tool handle cooling fin moving system, a micro-lubricating supply system and a texture turning tool component;
a micro-lubricating supply system and a texture turning tool component are arranged on the machine tool working system;
the electric clamping tool holder heat dissipation plate moving system is arranged on the turning tool holder and mainly used for dissipating heat of the turning tool holder made of an electric clamping material;
the micro-lubricating supply system mainly provides pulsed lubricating and cooling liquid for the texture turning tool component;
the texture lathe tool component is the electric card auxiliary inner-cooling texture lathe tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, a workpiece arranged in a machine tool working system rotates, the texture lathe tool component does linear motion under the action of the machine tool working system, and the texture lathe tool component and the workpiece are sheared, so that chips are produced, and the workpiece material is removed.
8. The intelligent working system of claim 7, wherein the heat sink moving system of the electric card handle comprises a heat sink, a lower air inlet pipe, an air cylinder and an upper air inlet pipe; the cylinder is provided with below the heating panel, and the quantity of cylinder can be two, and every cylinder is connected respectively to supreme intake pipe and lower intake pipe.
9. The intelligent working system for minimal lubrication of nano-fluid according to claim 7, further comprising a lathe tool wear state monitoring system, wherein the lathe tool wear state monitoring system integrates a thermal infrared imager acquisition module and an image acquisition device, and monitors the wear state of the lathe tool and the temperature of a lathe tool component respectively.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922090142.2U CN211464865U (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2019-05-31 | Nano-fluid micro-lubricating intelligent working system |
| CN201920823205.8U CN210648548U (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2019-05-31 | Electric card auxiliary inner-cooling textured turning tool and nano-fluid micro-lubricating intelligent working system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111941142A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-17 | 青岛理工大学 | Micro-lubricating continuous liquid supply system and method |
| CN112475341A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-12 | 大连理工大学 | Inner-cooling type lathe tool for stable transmission of ultralow-temperature medium |
| CN112517942A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-19 | 大连理工大学 | Ultra-low temperature medium hollow transmission type turning tool with high cooling efficiency |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112872385B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-07-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Cutting tool |
| CN113280115A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Micro-texture piston ring and processing method |
| CN113984566B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-07-22 | 四川大学 | Micro-lubrication-based friction wear machine for comparison test ring block and test method thereof |
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2019
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111941142A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-17 | 青岛理工大学 | Micro-lubricating continuous liquid supply system and method |
| CN112475341A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-12 | 大连理工大学 | Inner-cooling type lathe tool for stable transmission of ultralow-temperature medium |
| CN112517942A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-19 | 大连理工大学 | Ultra-low temperature medium hollow transmission type turning tool with high cooling efficiency |
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| CN211464865U (en) | 2020-09-11 |
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