CN210607614U - Broadband polarization adjustable antenna based on composite left-right-hand transmission line - Google Patents
Broadband polarization adjustable antenna based on composite left-right-hand transmission line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an adjustable antenna of broadband polarization based on compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line comprises main radiation paster, upper dielectric substrate, middle floor layer, lower floor's dielectric substrate, one minute two merit based on compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line divide ware and 2 metal feed probes. The one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line comprises a Wilkinson one-to-two power divider, a composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter and a metal bent line. The utility model discloses a change of left-hand circular polarization, linear polarization, dextrorotation elliptical polarization, dextrorotation circular polarization form, the adjustable characteristic of its polarization shows through the change of Axial Ratio (AR) curve. Furthermore, the utility model discloses the antenna is when realizing different polarizations, and its radiation pattern remains stable and the directionality is good to be applicable to in the system such as the radar of multipolarization and directional radiation that polarize adaptive degree is high to the antenna, remote control detection.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an antenna technology field, concretely relates to broadband polarization adjustable antenna based on compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line.
Background
In recent years, due to the increasing consumption of frequency spectrum resources and the increasing density of communication, the single-polarized antenna cannot completely meet the requirements of modern communication on frequency spectrum utilization rate, interference resistance and the like. In radar, communication, electronic countermeasure, aerospace and remote control and telemetry systems, the antenna polarization is well matched or not, and the obtained results are quite different. Therefore, in order to adapt to the characteristics of large depth, omnibearing, high maneuverability, three-dimensional and dense and variable battlefield information of modern electronic warfare, the requirement on antenna polarization self-adaption is increasingly urgent.
The polarization-adjustable antenna can be used for reducing the polarization loss of signals or reducing the interference of clutter signals by detecting the polarization state of received signals and adjusting the polarization form of the receiving antenna through polarization matching with the transmitting antenna. Because the polarization adjustable antenna can realize the mutual switching of any polarization form and has stronger anti-interference capability, the antenna is the research direction of the polarization antenna at present. Most of traditional polarization-adjustable antennas realize mode conversion of different polarizations through on-off of a switch, which not only leads to a single mode of polarization adjustment, but also is difficult to meet certain scenes requiring multi-polarization adjustment, such as aerospace, remote sensing, satellite communication, electronic countermeasure and the like.
For this reason, researchers have conducted further research on polarization tunable antennas: in 2013, Jia-Fu Tsai et al published a paper entitled "Reconfigurable Square-Ring Microtrip Antenna" on IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. The paper proposes a polarization tunable antenna of a double-fed square-ring microstrip patch. The double-feed source is used for exciting two orthogonal modes, and each feed network consists of a coupling patch, an impedance transformer and a variable capacitor. Although the antenna can excite different orthogonal modes by changing the feeding state of the feeding network so as to realize left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, the impedance-to-axis ratio bandwidth of the antenna is narrower than 3.8% (2.04-2.12 GHz). In 2016, Cai Y M et al published a paper entitled "Compact-Size Low-Profile Wide band circulation Polarized Omnirectional Patch Antenna With controllable policies" on IEEE Transactions on Antennas and protocols. The thesis stimulates circular polarization through the microstrip patch and the slot on the microstrip patch, loads a PIN diode between the slots, and realizes the regulation and control between left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization by controlling the on-off of the diode. Although the overall size of the antenna is 0.93 lambda0×0.93λ0×0.024λ0The working frequency band of the antenna is 2.09-2.55GHz (19.8%) and the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB in the working frequency band, but the loss of the antenna is increased and the polarization adjustable mode of the antenna is too single due to the fact that the number of diodes adopted by the structure is too large. In 2018, Lian, Ruina et al published a paper entitled "Design of a broadband Polarization reconfiguration-Perot Resonator Antenna" on IEEEantennas and Wireless presentation Letters. The paper uses two vertically placed i-slot coupled antennas, switching between horizontal and vertical linear polarization is achieved by using diodes in the feed network. Although the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 2.2-2.72GHz (21%) without the influence of the two polarization modes, the polarization mode is too single. In addition, the notice number is CN109638411AThe utility model discloses a "a dual-frenquency double polarization restructural intelligence WIFI antenna" that the patent application discloses; "a multi-line polarization reconfigurable antenna integrated with artificial magnetic conductors" disclosed in the chinese utility model patent application with publication number CN201821150011 and "a polarization reconfigurable antenna array based on a feed network" disclosed in the chinese utility model patent application with publication number CN 201820754346; although the above-mentioned utility model patent research has realized that the polarization form of antenna is adjustable, these utility model patents all realize leading to the polarization mode of antenna more single through loading PIN diode device, often can only realize the conversion of a polarization form.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve there is the adjustable antenna of polarization now that the adjustable antenna of polarization is too single and the bandwidth is too narrow scheduling problem, provides an adjustable antenna of broadband polarization based on compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line.
In order to solve the above problems, the utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:
a broadband polarization adjustable antenna based on a composite left-right hand transmission line is composed of a main radiation patch, an upper dielectric substrate, a middle floor layer, a lower dielectric substrate, a one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line and 2 metal feed probes. The middle floor layer is positioned between the upper medium substrate and the lower medium substrate and is attached to the lower surface of the upper medium substrate and the upper surface of the lower medium substrate. The main radiation patch covers the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate. A one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line covers the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate. The one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line comprises 3 parts, namely a Wilkinson one-to-two power divider, a composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter and a metal bent line. The input end of the Wilkinson one-two power divider forms the input end of the one-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line. One output end of the Wilkinson one-in-two power divider is connected with the input end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter, and the output end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter forms one output end of the one-in-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line. The other output end of the Wilkinson one-to-two power divider is connected with the input end of the metal bending line, and the output end of the metal bending line forms the other output end of the one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line. The input end of the one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line extends to the edge of the lower-layer dielectric substrate, and 2 output ends of the one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line are located in the middle of the lower-layer dielectric substrate. The main radiation patch is positioned in the middle of the upper-layer dielectric substrate and is opposite to the positions of 2 output ends of the one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line in a mirror image mode. The lower extreme of 2 metal feed probes is connected with 2 output terminals based on one minute two merit of compound right-and-left hand transmission line divides the ware respectively, and the upper end of these 2 metal feed probes passes lower floor's dielectric substrate, middle floor layer and upper dielectric substrate respectively and is connected with main radiation paster.
In the scheme, the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter is integrally in a Chinese character 'shan' shape and comprises 3 interdigital capacitors, 4 variable capacitance diodes, 2 impedance matching lines, 1 strip grounding metal wire, 2 block grounding metal blocks and more than 3 grounding pins. Wherein 3 interdigital capacitors include 1 central interdigital capacitor and 2 side interdigital capacitors that are vertical setting that are horizontal setting. The 2 impedance match lines are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the center interdigital capacitor and are positioned on the same straight line in the transverse direction. The inner side ends of the 2 impedance matching lines are respectively connected with the left side or the right side of the center interdigital capacitor through 1 varactor diode, and the outer side ends of the 2 impedance matching lines respectively form the input end and the output end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter. The 2 side interdigital capacitors are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the grounding metal wire and are parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction. The strip grounding metal wire is positioned right above the central interdigital capacitor, and the lower end of the strip grounding metal wire is directly connected with the central interdigital capacitor. 2 side interdigital capacitors are respectively located 2 impedance match lines directly over, and 2 side interdigital capacitors's lower extreme respectively through 1 varactor with 2 impedance match lines be connected. And at least 1 grounding pin is arranged on the grounding metal wire, one end of the grounding pin is connected with the grounding metal wire, and the other end of the grounding pin penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric substrate to be connected with the middle floor layer. 2 grounding metal blocks are respectively positioned under the 2 impedance matching lines, and the 2 grounding metal blocks are respectively connected with the 2 impedance matching lines through 1 connecting line. And each grounding metal block is provided with 1 grounding pin, one end of each grounding pin is connected with the grounding metal block, and the other end of each grounding pin penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric substrate to be connected with the middle floor layer.
In the above scheme, the 2 varactors positioned between the impedance match line and the center interdigital capacitor are arranged in a mirror image manner, namely, the anodes of the 2 varactors are directly connected with the center interdigital capacitor, and the cathodes of the 2 varactors are connected with the impedance match line through the connecting line. The 2 variable capacitance diodes positioned between the impedance matching line and the side interdigital capacitor are symmetrically arranged, namely the anodes of the 2 variable capacitance diodes are directly connected with the interdigital capacitor, and the cathodes of the 2 variable capacitance diodes are directly connected with the impedance matching line.
In the above scheme, the phase change slope of the metal meander line needs to be similar to the phase change slope of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter, so that the two branches of the power divider have similar phase change rules, thereby obtaining the broadband characteristic.
In the above scheme, isolation resistors are arranged between 2 output ends of the wilkinson one-two power divider.
In the scheme, the upper dielectric substrate, the middle floor layer and the lower dielectric substrate are squares with the same size, wherein the upper dielectric substrate and the middle floor layer are regular squares, and the lower dielectric substrate is a square with 1 corner cut.
In the above scheme, the one-to-two power divider based on the composite right and left hand transmission line covers the lower surface of the lower layer dielectric substrate in a diagonal direction, that is, 2 output ends of the one-to-two power divider based on the composite right and left hand transmission line are located in the middle of the lower layer dielectric substrate, and the input end of the one-to-two power divider based on the composite right and left hand transmission line extends to the corner cut edge of the lower layer dielectric substrate.
In the above scheme, the main radiating patch is a square with 2 cut angles, and the 2 cut angles are located at 2 opposite corners of the square.
In the above scheme, the center of the main radiating patch coincides with the center of the upper dielectric substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses at first the non-linear phase characteristic structure through utilizing compound left and right hands transmission line structure moves the looks ware to load varactor above that, obtained the phase stabilization adjustable through the capacitance value of adjusting varactor and moved the looks ware. Secondly, a one-to-two power divider is constructed by utilizing the phase-adjustable characteristic of the phase shifter, one output branch is of a composite left-hand and right-hand phase shifter structure, and in order to increase the phase-adjustable degree of the phase shifter, 3 interdigital capacitor structures are loaded to cause the phase change slope of the phase shifter to be larger in a frequency band, and the other output branch is improved into a zigzag metal bent line on the basis of a common transmission line, so that the phase change slope of the output branch is close to the change slope of the composite left-hand and right-hand phase shifter, and the broadband characteristic is obtained; thus, a power divider with stable and adjustable phase difference is obtained. And finally, loading the power divider on a double-feed corner cut patch circular polarization unit, and when the capacitance variation range of the variable capacitance diode is between 0.3PF and 4PF, realizing the variation of left-hand circular polarization, linear polarization, right-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization forms by the antenna, wherein the adjustable characteristic of the polarization is shown by the variation of an Axial Ratio (AR) curve. Furthermore, the utility model discloses the antenna is when realizing different polarizations, and its radiation pattern remains stable and the directionality is good to be applicable to in the system such as the radar of multipolarization and directional radiation that polarize adaptive degree is high to the antenna, remote control detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband polarization tunable antenna based on a composite right-left hand transmission line, in which (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a bottom view.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite right-and-left-handed transmission line phase shifter.
FIG. 3 is a graph of S11 and S21 amplitudes of a composite right and left-handed transmission line phase shifter with different capacitance values;
FIG. 4 is a S21 phase curve for a composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter with different capacitance values;
fig. 5 is an S11 curve and an S21 amplitude curve of a one-to-two power divider based on a composite left-right hand transmission line as the values of different capacitance values change;
fig. 6 is an S31 amplitude curve and an S31 phase curve of a one-to-two power divider based on a composite left-right hand transmission line, as the power divider varies with different capacitance values;
fig. 7 is a S21 phase curve of a one-to-two power divider based on a composite left-right hand transmission line varying with different capacitance values;
fig. 8 is a S11 curve of a broadband polarization tunable antenna varying with different capacitance values;
FIG. 9 is a gain curve of a broadband polarization tunable antenna varying with different capacitance values;
FIG. 10 is an axial ratio plot of a broadband polarization tunable antenna as it varies with different capacitance values;
fig. 11 is an E-plane radiation pattern of a broadband polarization tunable antenna at 4.4GHz with different capacitance values (the capacitance values are selected to achieve four polarization forms);
fig. 12 is an H-plane radiation pattern of a broadband polarization tunable antenna at 4.4GHz with different capacitance values (the capacitance values are selected to achieve four polarization forms);
reference numbers in the figures: 1. a primary radiating patch; 2. an upper dielectric substrate; 3. an intermediate floor layer; 4. a lower dielectric substrate; 5. a one-to-two power divider based on the composite left-right hand transmission line; 5-1, a Wilkinson one-to-two power divider; 5-2, compounding a left-hand transmission line phase shifter and a right-hand transmission line phase shifter; 5-2-1, interdigital capacitance; 5-2-2, a varactor; 5-2-3, impedance match line; 5-2-4, a grounding wire; 5-2-5, a grounding metal block; 5-2-6, a grounding pin; 5-2-7, connecting wires; 5-3, metal bending lines; 5-4, isolating resistance; 6. a metal feed probe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "middle", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like, referred to in the examples, refer only to the direction of the drawings. Accordingly, the directions used are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1(a) - (c), a broadband polarization tunable antenna based on a composite right-left hand transmission line is composed of a main radiation patch 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, a middle floor layer 3, a lower dielectric substrate 4, a one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right-left hand transmission line, and 2 metal feed probes 6. The middle floor layer 3 is positioned between the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 4 and is attached to the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 4. The main radiation patch 1 is coated on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2. A one-to-two power divider 5 based on a composite right-and-left hand transmission line covers the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 4. In the present embodiment, the upper dielectric substrate 2, the middle floor layer 3 and the lower dielectric substrate 4 are squares with the same size, wherein the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the middle floor layer 3 are regular squares, and the lower dielectric substrate 4 is a square with 1 corner cut. Wherein the corner cut of the lower dielectric substrate 4 is a right-angled triangular structure. In this embodiment, the side length of the square upper dielectric substrate 2 and the square lower dielectric substrate 4 is 100mm, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, wherein the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 2 is 4mm, the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate 4 is 0.8mm, the shape of the corner cut of the lower dielectric substrate 4 is an equilateral right-angled triangle structure, and the side length is 14.85 mm.
The one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line can be arranged in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction or the diagonal direction on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate 4. However, no matter how the arrangement is, the input end of the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right-and-left-hand transmission line extends to the edge of the lower dielectric substrate 4, and 2 output ends of the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right-and-left-hand transmission line are all located in the middle of the lower dielectric substrate 4. In this embodiment, the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right and left hand transmission line covers the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 4 in a diagonal direction, that is, 2 output ends of the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right and left hand transmission line are located in the middle of the lower dielectric substrate 4, and the input end of the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right and left hand transmission line extends to the corner cut edge of the lower dielectric substrate 4. In the present embodiment, the size of the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right-and-left hand transmission line is 0.81 λ × 0.62 λ, where the wavelength λ is the corresponding wavelength λ when the structure center frequency is 4.45 GHz.
The utility model discloses a main improvement point is divided to one minute two merit based on compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line 5 does, as shown in fig. 2, divides ware 5 to include 3 parts based on one minute two merit of compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line, and wilkinson one minute two merit promptly divides ware 5-1, compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2 and metal meander line 5-3. The input end of the wilkinson one-two power divider 5-1 forms the input end of the one-two power divider 5 based on the composite left-right hand transmission line. One output end of the Wilkinson one-in-two power divider 5-1 is connected with the input end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2, and the output end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2 forms one output end of the one-in-two power divider 5 based on the composite left-right hand transmission line. The other output end of the Wilkinson one-two power divider 5-1 is connected with the input end of the metal bent line 5-3, and the output end of the metal bent line 5-3 forms the other output end of the one-two power divider 5 based on the composite left-right hand transmission line.
The wilkinson one-two power divider 5-1 is of an existing structure, and in the embodiment, isolation resistors 5-4 are arranged between 2 output ends of the wilkinson one-two power divider 5-1.
The composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2 is integrally in a chevron shape and consists of 3 interdigital capacitors 5-2-1, 4 variable capacitance diodes 5-2-2, 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3, 1 strip grounding metal wire 5-2-4, 2 block grounding metal blocks 5-2-5 and more than 3 grounding pins 5-2-6. In this embodiment, the dimension of the composite right and left-handed transmission line phase shifter 5-2 is 0.4 λ × 0.19 λ, where the wavelength λ is the corresponding wavelength λ when the structure center frequency is 4.45 GHz.
The 3 interdigital capacitors 5-2-1 comprise 1 central interdigital capacitor 5-2-1 arranged transversely and 2 side interdigital capacitors 5-2-1 arranged longitudinally.
The 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3 are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the center interdigital capacitor 5-2-1 and are positioned on the same straight line in the transverse direction. The inner side ends of the 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3 are respectively connected with the left side or the right side of the center interdigital capacitor 5-2-1 through 1 varactor diode 5-2-2, and the outer side ends of the 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3 respectively form the input end and the output end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2.
The 2 side interdigital capacitors 5-2-1 are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the grounding metal wire 5-2-4, and the three capacitors are mutually parallel in the longitudinal direction. The strip-shaped grounding metal wire 5-2-4 is positioned right above the central interdigital capacitor 5-2-1, and the lower end of the strip-shaped grounding metal wire 5-2-4 is directly connected with the central interdigital capacitor 5-2-1. The 2 side interdigital capacitors 5-2-1 are respectively positioned right above the 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3, and the lower ends of the 2 side interdigital capacitors 5-2-1 are respectively connected with the 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3 through 1 varactor diode 5-2-2. In the present embodiment, 2 varactors 5-2-2 located between the impedance match line 5-2-3 and the center interdigital capacitor 5-2-1 are arranged in a mirror image, i.e., the anodes of the 2 varactors 5-2-2 are directly connected to the center interdigital capacitor 5-2-1, and the cathodes are connected to the impedance match line 5-2-3 through the connection line 5-2-7. At least 1 grounding pin 5-2-6 is arranged on the grounding metal wire 5-2-4, one end of the grounding pin 5-2-6 is connected with the grounding metal wire 5-2-4, and the other end penetrates through the lower layer medium substrate 4 to be connected with the middle floor layer 3.
The 2 grounding metal blocks 5-2-5 are respectively positioned right below the 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3, and the 2 grounding metal blocks 5-2-5 are respectively connected with the 2 impedance matching lines 5-2-3 through 1 connecting line 5-2-7. In the embodiment, 2 varactors 5-2-2 located between the impedance match line 5-2-3 and the side interdigital capacitor 5-2-1 are symmetrically arranged, that is, the anodes of the 2 varactors 5-2-2 are directly connected with the interdigital capacitor 5-2-1, and the cathodes of the 2 varactors are directly connected with the impedance match line 5-2-3. Each grounding metal block 5-2-5 is provided with 1 grounding pin 5-2-6, one end of each grounding pin 5-2-6 is connected with the grounding metal block 5-2-5, and the other end of each grounding pin 5-2-6 penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric substrate 4 to be connected with the middle floor layer 3.
In the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2, the interdigital capacitor 5-2-1 functions to provide an inductor and a capacitor in series. The varactor 5-2-2 is used for changing the capacitance of the whole structure through the change of the bias voltage, so that the change of the phase constant is caused, and finally the change of the phase of the whole phase shifter 5-2 is obtained, and the whole phase shifter 5-2 has the characteristic of stable and adjustable phase. In this embodiment, varactor 5-2-2 is a SMV2020-079LF type varactor 5-2-2 from Skyworks, Inc. It should be noted that the varactor is only intended to provide a variable capacitance, and other types of varactors from other companies may be used. The function of the ground pin 5-2-6 is to provide an inductance in parallel and a capacitance between the transmission line and ground in parallel.
The metal bending line 5-3 is a complete strip metal line. Due to the fact that the adjustable phase shifter 5-2 structure of the composite left and right transmission lines is loaded, the common transmission line with overlarge phase change slope cannot meet the requirement. Therefore, the metal bent line 5-3 is improved into a bent line structure on the basis of a common transmission line, and simultaneously, the phase change slope of the metal bent line 5-3 is close to the phase change slope of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2, so that the power divider with stable and adjustable phase difference can be obtained.
The main radiation patch 1 is positioned in the middle of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 2 and is opposite to the positions of 2 output ends of a one-to-two power divider 5 based on a composite left-right hand transmission line in a mirror image mode. In the present embodiment, the center of the main radiating patch 1 coincides with the center of the upper dielectric substrate 2, that is, the center of the entire antenna. The main radiation patch 1 is a metal patch structure. The main radiating patch 1 is a square with 2 cut corners, and the 2 cut corners are located at 2 diagonal corners of the square. Wherein the cutting angles of the main radiation patch 1 are all right-angled triangle structures. In the present embodiment, the side length of the square main radiation patch 1 is 20.9 mm. In order to improve the axial ratio of the main radiation patch 1 without affecting the impedance bandwidth, the long side of the right triangle with the diagonal cut off by the optimized square radiation patch is 4mm, and the short side is 2 mm.
The lower ends of the 2 metal feed probes 6 are respectively connected with 2 output ends of a one-to-two power divider 5 based on a composite left-right hand transmission line, and the upper ends of the 2 metal feed probes 6 respectively penetrate through the lower dielectric substrate 4, the middle floor layer 3 and the upper dielectric substrate 2 to be connected with the main radiation patch 1. The position of the 2 metal feed probes 6 is orthogonal vertically with respect to the center of the whole antenna. In this embodiment, the metal core radius of 2 metal feed probes 6 is 1 mm.
Fig. 3 shows the S11 curve and S21 amplitude curve of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2, and it can be seen from the graph that the phase shifter 5-2 has a certain fluctuation with the change of the capacitance value S11, which is the change of the characteristic impedance of the phase shifter 5-2 caused by the change of the capacitance. But the overall effect is not very large. The common bandwidth of the phase shifter 5-2 corresponding to different capacitance values is about 4.1GHz-4.8GHz and less than-10 dB, and the impedance matching characteristic is good. And the S21 amplitude curve shows that the amplitude of S21 is around-2 dB in the frequency band of the phase shifter 5-2 impedance matching along with the change of different capacitance values, the whole phase shifter 5-2 can realize the characteristic of stable phase change in a wide frequency band and the insertion loss is low.
Fig. 4 is a S21 phase curve of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter 5-2, which shows that the phase change of the power divider is stable with the change of different capacitance values. No large jitter occurs in the frequency band where the impedance bandwidth is matched. While the maximum degree of phase shift of the phase shifter 5-2 is about 160 degrees when the capacitance varies from 0.35PF to 4 PF.
Fig. 5 is an S11 curve and an S21 amplitude curve of a one-to-two power divider 5 based on a composite left-right hand transmission line, and it can be seen from the graph that the power divider has certain fluctuation with the change of different capacitance values S11, which is because the change of capacitance causes the change of characteristic impedance. However, the overall influence is not great, the common bandwidth of the power divider corresponding to different capacitance values is approximately 3.4GHz-5GHz and less than-10 dB, and the impedance matching characteristic is good. And the S21 amplitude curve shows that the amplitude of S21 in the frequency band of impedance matching of the power divider is near-5 dB along with the change of different capacitance values, so that the whole power divider can realize the characteristic of stable phase change in a wide frequency band and has low insertion loss.
Fig. 6 shows the S31 amplitude curve and S31 phase curve of the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line. It can be seen from the figure that the amplitude of the S31 amplitude curve is substantially greater than-4 dB in the bandwidth of impedance matching when the power divider varies with different capacitance values. Since the port 3 has a common meander line structure, the phase of the port is substantially unchanged when different capacitance values are changed.
Fig. 7 is a S21 phase curve of the one-to-two power divider 5 based on the composite left-right hand transmission line, and it can be seen from the graph that the phase change of the power divider is stable along with the change of different capacitance values. No large jitter occurs in the frequency band where the impedance bandwidth is matched. And when the capacitance value is changed between 0.35PF and 4PF, the maximum phase shift degree of the power divider is about 160 degrees.
Fig. 8 is a S11 curve of the polarization tunable antenna, and it can be seen that the S11 curve of the antenna is affected by different capacitance values. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is greatly affected when the capacitance values are 0.5PF and 0.7PF, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be well matched when other capacitance values are changed.
Fig. 9 shows the axial ratio curve of the polarization tunable antenna, when the capacitance value is 0.7PF, the axial ratio curve of the antenna is about 40dB (linear polarization, the maximum value simulated by the CST software is 40 dB). That is, the matching of the antenna may be affected to some extent when the antenna is operating in linear polarization. When the capacitance values are 0.3PF and 4PF, the axial ratio curve of the antenna is less than 3dB (circular polarization) in the frequency band from 4.2GHz to 4.7GHz, and the matching of the antenna is very good at the moment. When the capacitance values are 0.5FP, 1.5PF and 2PF, the axial ratio curve of the antenna is between 3dB and 40dB (elliptical polarization), and the antenna matching is very good. When the antenna as a whole changes with different capacitance values, the antenna presents different polarization characteristics, and the common impedance bandwidth of the antenna is approximately 4.36GHz-4.75 GHz.
Fig. 10 is a comparison curve of actual gain when the polarization tunable antenna has no loading feed network and the capacitance value of the loading feed network changes. It can be seen that the antenna loaded with the feed network has a certain loss compared with the previous antenna, and the loss in the frequency band of 4GHz-4.2GHz is larger because the S21 amplitude curve of the power divider is smaller (the insertion loss is large) in the frequency band, so that the loss is about 1.5 dBi. Compared with the original antenna, the polarization adjustable antenna has the difference of less than 1dBi in the frequency band of 4.2GHz-5 GHz. The different magnitude of the gain curve of the antenna is caused because the S21 amplitude of the power divider is different when the capacitance value changes.
Fig. 11 and 12 are E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of a polarization tunable antenna. It can be seen from the figure that when different capacitance values are changed, the radiation pattern of the antenna is stable without the width deviation of a lobe and a main lobe, and good directionality is kept.
It should be noted that, although the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are illustrative, the present invention is not limited thereto, and therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, are considered to be within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The broadband polarization adjustable antenna based on the composite left-right hand transmission line is characterized by comprising a main radiation patch (1), an upper layer dielectric substrate (2), a middle floor layer (3), a lower layer dielectric substrate (4), a one-to-two power divider (5) based on the composite left-right hand transmission line and 2 metal feed probes (6);
the middle floor layer (3) is positioned between the upper medium substrate (2) and the lower medium substrate (4) and is attached to the lower surface of the upper medium substrate (2) and the upper surface of the lower medium substrate (4); the main radiation patch (1) covers the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (2); a one-to-two power divider (5) based on the composite left-right hand transmission line covers the lower surface of the lower layer dielectric substrate (4);
the one-to-two power divider (5) based on the composite left-right hand transmission line comprises 3 parts, namely a Wilkinson one-to-two power divider (5-1), a composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter (5-2) and a metal bent line (5-3);
the input end of the Wilkinson one-two power divider (5-1) forms the input end of the one-two power divider (5) based on the composite left-right hand transmission line; one output end of the Wilkinson one-to-two power divider (5-1) is connected with the input end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter (5-2), and the output end of the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter (5-2) forms one output end of the one-to-two power divider (5) based on the composite left-right hand transmission line; the other output end of the Wilkinson one-two power divider (5-1) is connected with the input end of the metal bending line (5-3), and the output end of the metal bending line (5-3) forms the other output end of the one-two power divider (5) based on the composite left and right hand transmission line;
the input end of the one-to-two power divider (5) based on the composite left-right hand transmission line extends to the edge of the lower-layer dielectric substrate (4), and 2 output ends of the one-to-two power divider (5) based on the composite left-right hand transmission line are all positioned in the middle of the lower-layer dielectric substrate (4);
the main radiation patch (1) is positioned in the middle of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (2) and is opposite to the positions of 2 output ends of a one-to-two power divider (5) based on a composite left-right hand transmission line in a mirror image manner; the lower extreme of 2 metal feed probes (6) is connected with 2 output terminals based on one minute two merit of compound right-and-left hand transmission line divides ware (5) respectively, and the upper end of these 2 metal feed probes (6) passes lower floor's dielectric substrate (4), middle floor layer (3) and upper dielectric substrate (2) respectively and is connected with main radiation paster (1).
2. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on composite right and left handed transmission line according to claim 1,
the composite left-right hand transmission line phase shifter (5-2) is integrally in a Chinese character 'shan' shape and consists of 3 interdigital capacitors (5-2-1), 4 variable capacitance diodes (5-2-2), 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3), 1 strip grounding metal wire (5-2-4), 2 block grounding metal blocks (5-2-5) and more than 3 grounding pins (5-2-6); wherein the 3 interdigital capacitors (5-2-1) comprise 1 central interdigital capacitor (5-2-1) which is transversely arranged and 2 side interdigital capacitors (5-2-1) which are longitudinally arranged;
the 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3) are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the center interdigital capacitor (5-2-1) and are positioned on the same straight line in the transverse direction; the inner side ends of the 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3) are respectively connected with the left side or the right side of the center interdigital capacitor (5-2-1) through 1 varactor (5-2-2), and the outer side ends of the 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3) form the input end and the output end of the composite left-hand and right-hand transmission line phase shifter (5-2) respectively;
the 2 side interdigital capacitors (5-2-1) are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the grounding metal wire (5-2-4) and are parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction; the strip-shaped grounding metal wire (5-2-4) is positioned right above the central interdigital capacitor (5-2-1), and the lower end of the strip-shaped grounding metal wire (5-2-4) is directly connected with the central interdigital capacitor (5-2-1); the 2 side interdigital capacitors (5-2-1) are respectively positioned right above the 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3), and the lower ends of the 2 side interdigital capacitors (5-2-1) are respectively connected with the 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3) through 1 variable capacitance diode (5-2-2); at least 1 grounding pin (5-2-6) is arranged on the grounding metal wire (5-2-4), one end of the grounding pin (5-2-6) is connected with the grounding metal wire (5-2-4), and the other end of the grounding pin penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric substrate (4) and is connected with the middle floor layer (3);
2 grounding metal blocks (5-2-5) are respectively positioned under 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3), and the 2 grounding metal blocks (5-2-5) are respectively connected with the 2 impedance matching lines (5-2-3) through 1 connecting line (5-2-7); each grounding metal block (5-2-5) is provided with 1 grounding pin (5-2-6), one end of each grounding pin (5-2-6) is connected with the grounding metal block (5-2-5), and the other end of each grounding pin penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric substrate (4) to be connected with the middle floor layer (3).
3. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on composite right and left handed transmission line according to claim 2,
the 2 variable capacitance diodes (5-2-2) positioned between the impedance matching line (5-2-3) and the center interdigital capacitor (5-2-1) are arranged in a mirror image mode, namely the anodes of the 2 variable capacitance diodes (5-2-2) are directly connected with the center interdigital capacitor (5-2-1), and the cathodes of the 2 variable capacitance diodes are connected with the impedance matching line (5-2-3) through a connecting line (5-2-7);
the 2 variable capacitance diodes (5-2-2) positioned between the impedance matching line (5-2-3) and the side interdigital capacitor (5-2-1) are symmetrically arranged, namely the anodes of the 2 variable capacitance diodes (5-2-2) are directly connected with the interdigital capacitor (5-2-1), and the cathodes of the 2 variable capacitance diodes are directly connected with the impedance matching line (5-2-3).
4. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on composite right and left hand transmission line according to claim 2, wherein the slope of the phase change of the metal meander line (5-3) is similar to the slope of the phase change of the phase shifter (5-2) of the composite right and left hand transmission line.
5. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on the composite right-left hand transmission line according to claim 1, wherein isolation resistors (5-4) are arranged between 2 output ends of the Wilkinson-one-two power divider (5-1).
6. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on the composite right-left hand transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the upper dielectric substrate (2), the middle floor layer (3) and the lower dielectric substrate (4) are squares with the same size, wherein the upper dielectric substrate (2) and the middle floor layer (3) are regular squares, and the lower dielectric substrate (4) is a square with 1 corner cut.
7. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on composite right and left hand transmission line according to claim 6, wherein the one-to-two power divider (5) based on composite right and left hand transmission line is diagonally covered on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate (4), that is, 2 output ends of the one-to-two power divider (5) based on composite right and left hand transmission line are located in the middle of the lower dielectric substrate (4), and the input end of the one-to-two power divider (5) based on composite right and left hand transmission line extends to the corner cut edge of the lower dielectric substrate (4).
8. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on composite right-and-left-handed transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the main radiating patch (1) is a square with 2 cut angles, and the 2 cut angles are located at 2 diagonal angles of the square.
9. The broadband polarization tunable antenna based on composite right-and-left-handed transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the center of the main radiating patch (1) coincides with the center of the upper dielectric substrate (2).
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110534891A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-03 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Broadband polarization adjustable antenna based on composite right/left-handed transmission line |
| CN111628257A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-04 | 中天宽带技术有限公司 | Filtering power divider |
| CN111987422A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-11-24 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Ultralow-profile multi-frequency broadband antenna and communication equipment |
| CN115312998A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-08 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband electric tuning microwave phase shifter based on composite left-right-hand transmission line |
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2019
- 2019-09-10 CN CN201921500080.1U patent/CN210607614U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110534891A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-03 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Broadband polarization adjustable antenna based on composite right/left-handed transmission line |
| CN111628257A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-04 | 中天宽带技术有限公司 | Filtering power divider |
| CN111987422A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-11-24 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Ultralow-profile multi-frequency broadband antenna and communication equipment |
| CN111987422B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2022-12-20 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Ultralow-profile multi-frequency broadband antenna and communication equipment |
| CN115312998A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-08 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband electric tuning microwave phase shifter based on composite left-right-hand transmission line |
| CN115312998B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-09-26 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband electrically-tunable microwave phase shifter based on composite left-right hand transmission line |
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