CN210570849U

CN210570849U - STM 32-based automatic wheat yield statistical circuit

Info

Publication number: CN210570849U
Application number: CN201922045622.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李蕾; 魏红波; 于文尧; 张玉成; 张冉; 石晶林
Original assignee: Luoyang Zhongke Jingshang Intelligent Equipment Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Luoyang Zhongke Jingshang Intelligent Equipment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-25
Filing date: 2019-11-25
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-25

Abstract

In order to solve the problem that a monitoring system in the prior art cannot guide a driver to operate, the utility model provides an STM 32-based automatic wheat yield statistical circuit, which comprises a main control module with the model number of STM32, a sensor interface processing module, a CAN bus communication module and a power supply module; the main control module is connected with the sensor interface processing module and used for receiving data acquired by an external sensor; the main control module is connected with an external CAN port through a CAN bus communication module and is used for acquiring external vehicle information; the early warning system also comprises a display interface processing module for early warning; the display interface processing module comprises an MAX485 module; the first pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB10 port of the main control module; the fourth pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB11 port of the main control module; and a sixth pin and a seventh pin of the MAX485 module are used as differential signal output ends.

Description

STM 32-based automatic wheat yield statistical circuit

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to agricultural monitoring devices field especially relates to a statistical circuit to wheat output based on STM 32.

Background

With the development of the times, science and technology are gradually fused with traditional agricultural production, the application of informatization and intelligent technologies in agricultural production is more and more extensive, and the traditional agricultural production can be modified and upgraded by an intelligent means. When the grain is harvested, different harvesting machines can harvest different grain yields under the same conditions by different machine users. The wheat yield can reflect the influence of external factors such as farmland geographical position, soil characteristics, irrigation fertilization, plant diseases and insect pests on the yield, and has important guiding significance for precise operation. The time for harvesting wheat in busy farming is concentrated, the weather changes irregularly, and if harvest appointment and scheduling are carried out according to the yield parameters in the past year, the harvesting working efficiency can be improved, and the loss is reduced.

A plurality of harvester yield intelligent monitoring systems in the current market can realize the functions of automatic measurement, fault alarm and the like of wheat yield. However, the existing product needs more sensors, and the wiring is troublesome to influence the operation; and fault monitoring is to detect the blockage of the separating roller and the height of the header, so that proper operation speed cannot be pre-warned for a harvester manipulator, especially a beginner, and the manipulator is guided to adjust the operation speed according to actual conditions and prompt speed so as to improve the operation quality.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem that monitoring system among the prior art can't guide the driver operation, the utility model provides a wheat output automatic statistics circuit based on STM32, the utility model discloses the overall arrangement is compact, adopts the communication chip of GPRS and two unifications of GPS BD, supports EASYTM, can further improve positioning accuracy for area calculation is more accurate. The sensor interface of the hardware circuit is preprocessed and protected, so that the data acquisition precision is improved; meanwhile, the GPRS network has a data storage function, and when the GPRS network is normal, a receiving feedback mechanism is adopted to ensure the reliability of data transmission; when the network signal is abnormal, the acquired and processed data is stored, and when the network recovers to be normal, the data is read from the storage area and transmitted to the background, so that the blind area supplementary transmission function is good. Meanwhile, the hardware circuit is provided with a communication circuit module for information interaction with the harvester, the speed can be directly read from an electronic control unit of the vehicle, and the cost and wiring trouble of the speed sensor are reduced. Particularly, the hardware circuit is provided with a display interface processing module, so that the fault audible and visual alarm can be carried out, the proper operation speed can be displayed, the operation state can be adjusted by a manipulator, and intelligent high-quality operation can be realized.

The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is: an STM 32-based automatic wheat yield statistical circuit comprises a main control module with the model number of STM32, a remote communication and positioning module, a display module, a data storage module, a sensor interface processing module, a CAN bus communication module and a power supply module; the main control module is connected with the sensor interface processing module and used for receiving data acquired by an external sensor; the main control module is connected with an external CAN port through a CAN bus communication module and is used for acquiring external vehicle information; the power supply module supplies power to the sensor interface processing module and the CAN bus communication module; the system is characterized by also comprising a display interface processing module for early warning; the display interface processing module comprises an MAX485 module; the first pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB10 port of the main control module; the fourth pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB11 port of the main control module; and a sixth pin and a seventh pin of the MAX485 module are used as differential signal output ends.

Furthermore, a sixth pin and a seventh pin of the MAX485 module are respectively connected with a pull-up resistor and a pull-down resistor.

The CAN bus communication module realizes information interaction with the harvester and comprises a TJA1050T chip; the first pin of the TJA1050T chip is connected with a PB9 port of the main control module; a fourth pin of the TJA1050T chip is connected with a PB8 port of the main control module; and a seventh pin and a sixth pin of the TJA1050T chip are used as output ends of the CAN bus.

The STM 32-based wheat yield automatic statistical circuit further comprises a remote communication and positioning module; wherein, the remote communication and positioning module comprises an MC20 chip; the thirty-third pin of the MC20 chip is connected to the PA2 port of the master control module and the thirty-fourth pin of the MC20 chip is connected to the PA3 port of the master control module.

The sensor interface processing module comprises a flow sensor, a humidity sensor, an elevator rotating speed sensor and a header height sensor; the flow sensor is connected with a PA1 port of the main control module and is used for collecting the flow of the wheat when the wheat is harvested; the humidity sensor is connected with a PA0 port of the main control module and is used for detecting the humidity of the collected wheat; the elevator rotating speed sensor is connected with a PB5 port of the main control module and used for being matched with a flow sensor to correct wheat flow measurement; the header height sensor is connected with a PB0 port of the main control module and used for detecting the stubble height.

The STM 32-based wheat yield automatic statistical circuit further comprises a data storage module; wherein the data storage module comprises a W25X40 chip; the first pin of the W25X40 chip is connected with the PA4 port of the main control module; the sixth pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA5 port of the main control module; the fifth pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA7 port of the main control module; the second pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA6 port of the master control module.

Has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a modular design has especially adopted the two unification chips of remote communication and location, reduces components and parts kind and number for circuit structure is compacter. Meanwhile, wiring and cost of the sensor are reduced based on the fact that the engine of the harvester reads the vehicle speed, the current header height and the suggested running speed can be displayed in real time, and when real-time data deviate from a preset value, sound and light alarm is achieved, and a driver is guided to work. The circuit has reasonable layout, strong anti-interference capability, small volume and low power consumption; and the adopted interface scheme ensures that the assembly and the production are convenient, saves the cost and is convenient for function expansion.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a hardware circuit PCB.

Fig. 2 is the main control module of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a wheat flow sensor interface processing module.

Fig. 4 is a wheat humidity sensor interface processing module.

Fig. 5 is an elevator speed interface processing circuit.

Fig. 6 is a header height sensor interface processing circuit.

Fig. 7 is the CAN bus communication module of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a telecommunications and positioning module of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a portion of the circuit of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a portion of the circuit of fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a display interface module according to the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a data storage module of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a one-stage voltage step-down circuit in a power supply module.

Fig. 14 and 15 show a two-stage step-down circuit in the power supply module.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

The utility model discloses by host system, sensor interface processing module, CAN bus communication module, remote communication and orientation module, show module such as interface processing module, data storage module, power conversion module and constitute.

The main control module collects sensor data, GPS positioning information, engine speed and other information and packages the information according to a specified protocol format; the sensor interface processing module comprises an analog interface circuit and a digital interface circuit and converts signals output by the sensor into signals which can be directly read by the main control chip; the main control module is connected with a CAN port of an engine ECU of the wheat harvester through a CAN bus module to read the speed of the harvester, so that the use of a ground speed sensor is avoided, and further the wiring trouble and cost of products are reduced; the remote communication and positioning module adopts a two-in-one chip, so that the remote communication and positioning module supports EASYTM and EPO^TMThe second setting function is adopted, the positioning speed and precision are increased, and meanwhile, the data packaged and processed by the main control module are sent to the server, so that the real-time monitoring of the operation state and the position information of the harvester is realized; the display interface processing module can display the current header height and the suggested running speed in real time, and when the real-time data deviate from a preset value, sound and light alarm is realized; the data storage module realizes the storage of operation data when the network is disconnected, and the main control module reads the data and sends the data to the server when the network is reconnected; the power conversion module converts the battery voltage of the harvester into the voltage required by other modules and supplies power to the external sensor.

Specifically, the main control module adopts an STM series single chip microcomputer; the display interface processing module comprises an MAX485 module; the CAN bus communication module comprises a TJA1050T chip; the remote communication and positioning module comprises an MC20 chip; the data storage module includes a W25X40 chip.

Wherein, as figure 1 is a hardware circuit PCB diagram, the utility model discloses a hardware design adopts design method from top to bottom, has reached the trade-off between product property ability and the cost. The element layout, the connector type selection and the layout fully consider the production process requirements of mass production of products, such as test, assembly and the like; the PCB layout and wiring meets the EMC design requirements of the electronic equipment of the harvester, and the reliability and stability of continuous work of products are guaranteed.

As shown in fig. 2, the main control module implements data acquisition, processing, transceiving and control, and first reads data from each interface, packages the data into packets according to a server protocol format, and sends the packets to a server at regular time; and when the signal is judged to be weak, the data is locally stored, and when the signal is recovered, the data is transmitted to the background again. The main control chip (MCU for short) adopts STM32F103CBT6, compatible TTL and CMOS level, possesses 3 USARTs, 2 SPI mouths, 1 CAN mouth, satisfies the product function demand. The UART1 of the MCU is used for updating and downloading programs; the SWD interface realizes online simulation. UART2 realizes the communication interaction with the remote communication and positioning two-in-one module, and MCU reads GPS positioning information and realizes the remote receiving and transmitting of local data through the serial port. UART3 realizes the communication interaction between MCU and display screen, and since the transmission mode is RS485, control is required to be enabled. Meanwhile, the MCU is interacted with the ECU of the harvester through the CAN port to read the vehicle speed, so that a driving speed sensor is reduced, and the wiring and sensor cost is reduced. When the remote communication signal is weak or disappears, the MCU stores the data into the FLASH chip through the SPI1 interface, and the stored data is uploaded when the signal is restored.

Fig. 3 to 6 show sensor interface processing modules, which mainly include four modules, namely, wheat flow sensor interface processing, wheat humidity sensor interface processing, elevator rotation speed interface processing, and header height sensor interface processing. The wheat flow sensor has small output voltage amplitude and larger noise caused by the working environment, and in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the hardware is provided with a two-stage signal conditioning and amplifying circuit which comprises a preposed one-stage amplifying circuit, a postposed two-stage amplifying and filtering circuit and a voltage following circuit. The primary amplifying circuit amplifies an input signal by 60 times and converts the input signal into a single-ended signal; the secondary circuit firstly carries out low-pass filtering on the analog signal to reduce analog noise, and then carries out 2 times of amplification output; finally, a voltage follower circuit is used for buffering and impedance matching of the voltage signal; because flow sensor output voltage is extremely low, this circuit design amplifies its second grade and carries out low pass filtering, has improved the flexibility of later stage design debugging, and voltage follower circuit has improved load capacity for MCU's ADC can discern this analog signal, and keep certain surplus, and then can improve the accuracy of wheat product statistics. The climate and humidity difference is large in the wheat harvesting period, so that the weight difference of the dried wheat is large due to different wheat water contents, and the design utilizes the humidity sensor to correct and compensate the flow calculation, so that the measurement precision is improved; wherein capacitor C48 can prevent surge voltage, and pull-down resistor R88 guarantees that MCU detection voltage is 0 when the sensor does not have the output, avoids it to be in unsettled state, and R86 and C47 constitute RC low pass filter, improve signal quality and then improve humidity conversion accuracy. The elevator rotating speed sensor adopts a Hall sensor, is not afraid of dust and oil pollution, has good low-speed response and strong anti-interference performance, is matched with a flow sensor to correct flow measurement, is matched with a header height sensor to serve as a mark for the harvester to start to finish working, C53 is an anti-surge design, and a pull-down resistor R113 and a pull-up resistor R100 ensure the stable state of signals. The header height sensor detects the height of the cut stubble, can be used for prompting an operator to adjust the height in real time, protecting a cutter and fully harvesting wheat, and meanwhile, the header height is matched with the speed of the elevator, so that the header height can be used as a mark for the wheat harvester to start to finish working, an external switch is reduced, and cheating by the operator is avoided; the interface circuit filters the voltage signal and then sends the voltage signal to an ADC interface of the MCU, so that the accuracy of signal acquisition is improved.

If fig. 7 is the utility model discloses a CAN bus communication module realizes the information interaction with the harvester, and this interface inserts the diagnosis interface that the harvester was drawn forth together with power supply interface. The MCU reads the speed of the engine through the interface, so that the cost of the vehicle speed sensor is reduced, and the wiring is simpler; and the CAN interface has strong expansion capability, and other functional sensors CAN be expanded in the later period.

Like fig. 8 ~ 10 do the utility model discloses a remote communication and orientation module, this module adopt the MC20 of moving away the company, support two unifications in communication and location, reduce components and parts kind and overall arrangement space, improve the smallness and the lightweight of product. The MC20 integrates a four-frequency-band GSM/GPRS engine and a GNSS engine, can work in an All-in-one mode, and is communicated with the MC20 only through a serial port to interact information such as GPS information and sensor data, so that remote data receiving and sending are realized; the working mode enables the MCU to save a serial port for communication of other modules. MCU only can make GSM GPRS module get into the sleep mode through the AT instruction, nevertheless the utility model discloses a hardware control GNSS module power supply, MCU control GNSS power supply and outage, the AT utmost reduction consumption, this circuit is especially important when battery powered. The MC20 works in an All-in-one mode, so that the second positioning can be realized, and the positioning time consumption of the GNSS module under cold starting is further reduced; meanwhile, EASYTM and EPOTM are supported, the positioning precision is improved, the mu counting accuracy is ensured, and the accuracy of the mu yield statistics is improved.

If fig. 11 is the utility model discloses a display interface module, the display screen adopts RS485 communication, built-in bee calling organ. When the height of the header or the travelling speed deviates from a preset value, the red light of the display screen flashes and the buzzer is started, and after the audible and visual alarm is carried out for 1 minute, the green light of the display screen displays the proper height of the header or the speed of the travelling speed, and prompts an operator to adjust to a proper operation state. The TVS tube D8 in the circuit design prevents signal reflection, and the pull-up resistor R48 and the pull-down resistor R47 ensure that the voltage of the A end is always higher than that of the B end by about 200mV when the bus is in an idle state, namely the bus is ensured to be in a stable 1 idle state, the anti-interference effect is improved, and the TVS tube D8 is more suitable for complex harvester working environments.

If fig. 12 is the utility model discloses a data storage module, when the disconnection of GSM/GPRS network, weak or can't be connected to the server, the operation data and the GPS data of wheat harvester are preserved data storage module, when waiting the network to resume, read data and resend to the server by host system, guarantee the integrality and the measuring accuracy of data.

The first pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB10 port of the main control module; the fourth pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB11 port of the main control module; and a sixth pin and a seventh pin of the MAX485 module are used as differential signal output ends. A first pin of the TJA1050T chip is connected with a PB9 port of the main control module; a fourth pin of the TJA1050T chip is connected with a PB8 port of the main control module; and a seventh pin and a sixth pin of the TJA1050T chip are used as output ends of the CAN bus. The thirty-third pin of the MC20 chip is connected to the PA2 port of the master control module and the thirty-fourth pin of the MC20 chip is connected to the PA3 port of the master control module. The flow sensor is connected with a PA1 port of the main control module and is used for collecting the flow of the wheat when the wheat is harvested; the humidity sensor is connected with a PA0 port of the main control module and is used for detecting the humidity of the collected wheat; the elevator rotating speed sensor is connected with a PB5 port of the main control module; the header height sensor is connected with a PB0 port of the main control module. A first pin of the W25X40 chip is connected with a PA4 port of the main control module; the sixth pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA5 port of the main control module; the fifth pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA7 port of the main control module; the second pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA6 port of the master control module.

As shown in fig. 13-15, the power conversion module of the present invention includes a first-stage voltage-reducing circuit and a second-stage voltage-reducing circuit. The primary voltage reduction power supply converts the voltage of the harvester battery into 5V, and the voltage is used as the input of the secondary power supply and the power supply of the CAN chip, the RS485 chip and the external equipment. The design of the partial circuit has the functions of reverse plug prevention and surge prevention, the input voltage range is wide, and the use of two agricultural machines with high horsepower and low horsepower can be simultaneously met. The secondary voltage reduction circuit comprises two parts, wherein the first part converts 5V into 4V and supplies power to a GSM/GPRS part of the remote communication module MC20 to realize remote communication, the load peak current of the chip U5 can reach 3A, the peak current at the maximum transmitting power level is met, and a margin is reserved; the second part is 3.3V with 5V conversion, for the GNSS part power supply of host control module, data storage module, MC20, adopts the less LDO of ripple, guarantees that the power supply is clean stable.

The above description is only the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily change or replace the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The STM 32-based automatic wheat yield statistical circuit comprises a main control module of STM32, a sensor interface processing module, a CAN bus communication module and a power supply module; the main control module is connected with the sensor interface processing module and used for receiving data acquired by an external sensor; the main control module is connected with an external CAN port through a CAN bus communication module and is used for acquiring external vehicle information; the power supply module supplies power to the sensor interface processing module and the CAN bus communication module; the system is characterized by also comprising a display interface processing module for early warning;

the display interface processing module comprises an MAX485 module; the first pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB10 port of the main control module; the fourth pin of the MAX485 module is connected with a PB11 port of the main control module; and a sixth pin and a seventh pin of the MAX485 module are used as differential signal output ends.

2. An STM 32-based wheat yield automatic statistical circuit according to claim 1, wherein: and a pull-up resistor (R48) and a pull-down resistor (R47) are respectively connected to the sixth pin and the seventh pin of the MAX485 module.

3. An STM 32-based wheat yield automatic statistical circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the CAN bus communication module comprises a TJA1050T chip; the first pin of the TJA1050T chip is connected with a PB9 port of the main control module; a fourth pin of the TJA1050T chip is connected with a PB8 port of the main control module; and a seventh pin and a sixth pin of the TJA1050T chip are used as output ends of the CAN bus.

4. An STM 32-based wheat yield automatic statistical circuit according to claim 1, wherein:

the system also comprises a remote communication and positioning module;

wherein, the remote communication and positioning module comprises an MC20 chip; the thirty-third pin of the MC20 chip is connected to the PA2 port of the master control module and the thirty-fourth pin of the MC20 chip is connected to the PA3 port of the master control module.

5. An STM 32-based wheat yield automatic statistical circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the sensor interface processing module comprises a flow sensor, a humidity sensor, an elevator rotating speed sensor and a header height sensor;

the flow sensor is connected with a PA1 port of the main control module and is used for collecting the flow of the wheat when the wheat is harvested;

the humidity sensor is connected with a PA0 port of the main control module and is used for detecting the humidity of the collected wheat;

the elevator rotating speed sensor is connected with a PB5 port of the main control module; the header height sensor is connected with a PB0 port of the main control module.

6. An STM 32-based wheat yield automatic statistical circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a data storage module;

wherein the data storage module comprises a W25X40 chip; the first pin of the W25X40 chip is connected with the PA4 port of the main control module; the sixth pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA5 port of the main control module; the fifth pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA7 port of the main control module; the second pin of the W25X40 chip is connected to the PA6 port of the master control module.