CN210427565U - Multiple operation load induced ground settlement prevention and control device for karst cave methane stratum - Google Patents
Multiple operation load induced ground settlement prevention and control device for karst cave methane stratum Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of ground settlement induced by operation load, and provides a multiple operation load induced ground settlement prevention and control device for a karst cave methane stratum. The method and the device can simultaneously simulate the ground settlement of multiple ground and underground operation loads in the urban high-concentration area under different operation conditions, and acquire accurate ground settlement data so as to effectively prevent and control the ground settlement disasters; the method can simulate the influence of the high-pressure methane stratum containing the karst caves in the subway operation area of the urban high-concentration area on ground settlement, and can obtain the distribution rule of the high-pressure methane stratum containing the karst caves on the ground settlement so as to reduce the risk of carrying out subway construction on the high-pressure methane stratum containing the karst caves and reduce the construction cost; according to the method and the device, the ground settlement data caused by subway operation in the urban high-density area under the condition of different rainfall amounts can be obtained, so that various risks caused by urban subway construction in the flood prevention period are reduced, the construction period is saved, and the safety of subway construction is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of ground settlement induced by operation load, and particularly relates to a multiple operation load induced ground settlement prevention and control device for a karst cave methane stratum.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology and the continuous progress of urban planning, urban rail transit is becoming the best choice for citizens to go out and live. The urban rail transit network is complicated, some is built underground, some is built on the ground, some is built in a multiple overlapping mode, and the urban rail transit network passes through the central zone of the city regardless of the building mode, so that great convenience is brought to people going out. However, urban rail transit passing through urban centers has the particularity of dense buildings, dense population, developed commercial and the like, and vibration generated by operation of urban rail transit is one of seven public hazards acknowledged in the world, which can cause ground foundation soil collapse, ground settlement caused by methane leakage, stratum water level change of tunnels, tunnel water leakage, inclined cracking of dense buildings (structures) in the adjacent range of tunnels and the like, and has great adverse effects on normal operation and use safety of urban rail transit.
The existing vibration research related to urban rail transit mainly comprises three methods, namely theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, indoor simulation experiments and field actual measurement experiments. Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation are over theoretical, urban rail transit vibration is a comprehensive problem relating to multiple aspects, and all aspects of factors are difficult to comprehensively consider only through theoretical analysis; real data can be obtained through field actual measurement experiments, but due to the fact that engineering geological conditions and surrounding environments are very complex, and due to the fact that the engineering geological conditions and the surrounding environments are limited by project cost and construction period, geological factors and environment variables of research are difficult to diversify, the obtained research conclusion is large in limitation, and time and labor are wasted; the indoor simulation experiment can simulate various complex conditions on site, can truly simulate the urban rail transit operation environment, can simulate the influence of the urban rail transit operation vibration load on the surrounding environment, and is an experiment method with low cost, real data and reliable conclusion. The three methods do not relate to the prevention and control technical research of inducing ground settlement under the combined action of ground high-speed rail operation load and underground subway operation load in an urban high-concentration area containing a karst cave methane stratum under the condition of artificial rainfall in the prior research, so that how to effectively prevent and control multiple operation loads of the high-concentration area containing the karst cave methane stratum from inducing ground settlement can master the safety character of urban rail transit operation in real time, provide scientific basis for stability evaluation of subway tunnels and adjacent buildings (structures) in the operation period, and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of ground settlement disasters.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the application aims to provide the multiple operation load induced ground settlement prevention and control device for the karst cave methane stratum, and the device has the characteristics of capability of simulating the methane stratum containing the karst cave in a high-concentration city area, accurate and reliable ground settlement monitoring data, vivid multiple operation vibration load environment, low cost efficiency and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
a multiple operation load induced ground settlement prevention and control device for a karst cave methane stratum comprises a displacement sensing system, a vibration sensing system, a layered settlement mark monitoring system, an excitation system, an operation tunnel, a function signal generator, a power amplifier, a vibration meter, a ground settlement monitor, a dense building group, soil filling above the tunnel, soil filling of a tunnel cave body, soil filling of a tunnel bottom, a large geological model box, a first output cable, a second output cable, a layered settlement amount well measuring system, an inclined well measuring system, a fixer, an airbag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system, a pressure limiting plate, a pressure limiting ring and a rainfall natural simulation system;
filling tunnel bottom filling soil, tunnel hole body filling soil and tunnel upper filling soil in the large geological model box from bottom to top in sequence; an operation tunnel is arranged in the filling soil of the tunnel body; the dense building group comprises a first building model and a second building model, wherein the first building model and the second building model are respectively arranged on the upper surface of the filling soil above the tunnel so as to simulate surface buildings of the urban high-density area;
two air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation systems are arranged in the filling soil of the tunnel hole body, are positioned at the upper end of the outer wall of the operation tunnel, are arranged at equal distances and can be arranged at the positions 1/3 and 2/3 along the longitudinal direction of the operation tunnel; the air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system comprises a self-closing gas controller, a methane cobweb-shaped air bag, a karst cave arch-shaped air bag, a pressure limiting port, a gas conveying pipe, an underground methane body and a karst cave formed after the pressure of the air bag is relieved; the plurality of methane spider-web air bags are arranged on the karst cave arch air bag in a spider-web shape through the bottoms of the methane spider-web air bags and are communicated with the karst cave arch air bag, and meanwhile, the top of the methane spider-web air bag is provided with a pressure limiting port which is connected with a pressure limiting plate through a pressure limiting ring in an adhesive manner; the karst cave arch-shaped air bag is arranged on the fixer, the fixer is glued with the inner wall of the operation tunnel, meanwhile, a self-closing gas controller is arranged in the karst cave arch-shaped air bag, one end of the gas pipe penetrates through the fixer and is connected with the self-closing gas controller, and the other end of the gas pipe is connected with an external artificial methane system;
the natural rainfall simulation system comprises a shower rainfall simulator, a flow control meter, a rotating rod and a water pipe; the sprinkling rainfall simulator is arranged above the large-scale geological model box and is connected with the flow control meter through a rotating rod, the flow control meter is connected with an external water source through a water pipe, the amount of water sprayed by the sprinkling rainfall simulator is controlled through the flow control meter, and the spraying angle of the sprinkling rainfall simulator is controlled through the rotating rod; meanwhile, a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the large geological model box and used for draining water;
the vibration excitation system comprises a first vibration exciter and a second vibration exciter, wherein vibration excitation rods are arranged at the inner central shafts of the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter, the first vibration exciter is arranged at the inner central position of the operation tunnel, and the second vibration exciter is arranged on the upper surface of the filling soil above the tunnel and is positioned at the central position between the first building model and the second building model;
the function signal generator is connected with the power amplifier through a first output cable, and the power amplifier is connected with the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter through a second output cable; the frequency of the operation load is input through a function signal generator and is transmitted to a power amplifier, and the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter are respectively controlled by the power amplifier to output vibration with different amplitudes and frequencies so as to simulate the vibration load caused by underground subway operation and urban rail transit operation;
the displacement sensing system is arranged on the upper filling surface above the tunnel and a first preset position inside the upper filling surface, is connected with a ground settlement monitor, and monitors ground settlement caused by soil vibration on the upper filling surface above the tunnel and the first preset position inside the upper filling surface through the ground settlement monitor;
the vibration sensing system is arranged at a second preset position on the upper surface of the filling above the tunnel and is used for sensing vibration loads caused by urban rail transit operation and underground subway operation at the second preset position on the upper surface of the filling above the tunnel; the vibration meter is connected with the vibration sensing system and used for monitoring the ground settlement caused by urban rail transit operation and underground subway operation at a second preset position on the upper surface of the filling soil above the tunnel;
the layered settlement mark monitoring system is arranged at different soil layer buried depths in the large geological model box; the ground settlement monitor is connected with the layered settlement mark monitoring system and is used for monitoring the settlement amount of soil bodies at different soil layer buried depths in the large-scale geological model box;
the inclined well logging system is arranged in the large-scale geological model box and is used for measuring the variable quantity of the lateral deviation of soil bodies at any position in the large-scale geological model box.
Further, the vibration sensing system comprises a first vibration sensor, a second vibration sensor and a third vibration sensor;
the first vibration sensor is arranged in the center of the earth surface of the large geological model box and is positioned right above the operation tunnel; the second vibration sensor is arranged in front of the second building model; the third vibration sensor is arranged in front of the first building model.
In this application, the vibrometer mainly monitors the destruction that the vibrations wave that subway operation induced brought, and the monitoring value is mainly acceleration, speed. The vibration meter needs to be connected with each vibration sensor in the vibration sensing system, because the vibration sensors mainly convert vibration signals into electric signals, and the vibration meter mainly displays the acceleration and the speed of vibration through processing and analyzing input signals.
Further, the displacement sensing system comprises a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor, a third displacement sensor, a fourth displacement sensor and a fifth displacement sensor;
the first displacement sensor is arranged close to the right center of the first building model, the second displacement sensor is arranged close to the left center of the second building model, the third displacement sensor is arranged close to the rear center of the first vibration sensor, the fourth displacement sensor is arranged close to the front center of the first building model, and the fifth displacement sensor is arranged close to the front center of the second building model;
the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the third displacement sensor, the fourth displacement sensor and the fifth displacement sensor are respectively connected with a ground settlement monitor, and the soil settlement amount of a second preset position on the upper surface of the filled soil above the tunnel is monitored through the ground settlement monitor.
Further, the layered settlement logging system comprises a first layered settlement pipe, a second layered settlement pipe, a third layered settlement pipe and a fourth layered settlement pipe;
the first layered sedimentation pipe, the second layered sedimentation pipe, the third layered sedimentation pipe and the fourth layered sedimentation pipe are all embedded in the filling soil above the tunnel, the embedding depths of the first layered sedimentation pipe and the second layered sedimentation pipe are the same, the embedding depths of the third layered sedimentation pipe and the fourth layered sedimentation pipe are the same, and meanwhile, the embedding depths of the first layered sedimentation pipe and the second layered sedimentation pipe are greater than the embedding depths of the third layered sedimentation pipe and the fourth layered sedimentation pipe;
the first layered settling pipe, the fourth layered settling pipe, the third layered settling pipe and the second layered settling pipe are sequentially positioned at 1/5, 2/5, 3/5 and 4/5 from right to left at the front end of the large geological model box;
the first layered settling pipe, the second layered settling pipe, the third layered settling pipe and the fourth layered settling pipe are mainly used for manually checking the overall settling tendency of soil bodies buried in the large-scale geological model box at different positions under the action of multiple operation loads; the settlement amount of the soil body at different burial depth positions can be judged through the relative settlement difference of the first layered settling pipe, the second layered settling pipe, the third layered settling pipe and the fourth layered settling pipe at different burial depths.
Further, the displacement sensing system comprises a sixth displacement sensor, a seventh displacement sensor, an eighth displacement sensor and a ninth displacement sensor;
the sixth displacement sensor, the seventh displacement sensor, the eighth displacement sensor and the ninth displacement sensor are correspondingly arranged at the bottoms of the first layered sedimentation pipe, the second layered sedimentation pipe, the third layered sedimentation pipe and the fourth layered sedimentation pipe respectively and are connected with a ground settlement monitor respectively, and soil settlement amounts of different burial depth positions of the filled soil above the tunnel are monitored through the ground settlement monitor.
In this application, the ground settlement monitor mainly monitors the settlement of the earth's surface soil body that subway circulation operation arouses, and the monitoring value is mainly that maximum settlement, average settlement. The ground settlement monitor needs to be connected with each displacement sensor in the displacement sensing system, because the displacement sensor is to change the soil body displacement that arouses because of the vibration into resistance change, and the ground settlement monitor is to change resistance change into voltage change, enlargies again, then converts into the settlement deformation numerical value. The ground settlement monitor can not be used for monitoring alone and must be matched with a sensor for use.
Further, the layered settlement mark monitoring system comprises a first layered settlement mark, a second layered settlement mark, a third layered settlement mark and a fourth layered settlement mark;
the first stratification settlement mark is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the left rear side of the large-scale geological model box, the second stratification settlement mark is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the right rear side of the large-scale geological model box, the third stratification settlement mark is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the left front side of the large-scale geological model box, the fourth stratification settlement mark is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the right front side of the large-scale geological model box, and the arrangement heights of the first stratification settlement mark, the second stratification settlement mark, the third stratification settlement mark and the fourth stratification settlement mark are all equal to the height of the large-scale geological model box.
Further, the inclination measuring well system comprises a first inclination measuring pipe, a second inclination measuring pipe and a third inclination measuring pipe;
the first inclinometer pipe is arranged at the central position between the right rear right angle of the first building model and the right rear right angle of the large-scale geological model box; the second inclinometer pipe is arranged at the central position between the right angle at the left rear side of the second building model and the right angle at the left rear side of the large geological model box; the third inclinometer pipe is arranged at the center of the rear side edge of the large geological model box and is positioned in front of the shower rainfall simulator.
Furthermore, a voltage knob, a function signal generator switch, a frequency knob and a function signal generator power supply are arranged in the function signal generator;
the function signal generator switch is used for controlling the opening and closing of the function signal generator, the voltage knob is used for controlling the voltage output of the function signal generator, the frequency knob is used for controlling the frequency output of the function signal generator, and the power supply of the function signal generator mainly provides power for the normal work of the function signal generator.
Furthermore, a power amplifier power supply, a fault indicator lamp, a power amplifier switch and a power amplifier knob are arranged in the power amplifier;
the power amplifier switch is used for controlling the power amplifier to be turned on and turned off, the fault indicator lamp is used for displaying faults occurring in the power amplifier, the power amplifier knob is used for controlling the voltage and current output of the power amplifier, and the power amplifier power supply is used for supplying power to the power amplifier.
Further, the self-closing gas controller is an inverted Y-shaped closed structure, the upper end of the self-closing gas controller enters the inner part of the karst cave arch-shaped air bag, and the lower end of the self-closing gas controller is connected with a gas conveying pipe through a fixer;
when the underground marsh gas body enters the self-closing gas controller through the gas transmission pipe under the pressure, the inverted Y-shaped sealing port at the upper end of the underground marsh gas body can be opened due to the pressure to release the underground marsh gas body to enter the inner part of the karst cave arch-shaped gasbag, and when the underground marsh gas body is released, the inverted Y-shaped sealing port can disappear and automatically close due to the pressure to ensure the constant pressure.
Furthermore, the bottom of the marsh gas cobweb-shaped air bag is connected with the karst cave arch-shaped air bag, the structure of the marsh gas cobweb-shaped air bag can also adopt an inverted Y-shaped closed structure, and the inflation principle is the same as that of a self-closing gas controller.
The application also provides a method for preventing and controlling ground settlement induced by multiple operation loads in a high-concentration area containing a karst cave methane stratum, which comprises the following steps:
filling tunnel bottom filling, tunnel cave body filling and tunnel upper filling in a large geological model box from bottom to top, respectively burying a layered settlement mark monitoring system and an inclination measuring well system at preset positions during filling, arranging an operation tunnel and a gas bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system in the tunnel cave body filling, arranging a dense building group on the filling surface above the tunnel, respectively arranging excitation systems in the operation tunnel and the filling surface above the tunnel, and arranging a displacement sensing system and a vibration sensing system on the filling surface above the tunnel according to the layout of the dense building group at a certain distance; connecting a ground settlement monitor with a displacement sensing system and a layered settlement mark monitoring system, connecting a vibration meter with a vibration sensing system, and respectively connecting a power amplifier with a function signal generator and an excitation system; meanwhile, a natural rainfall simulation system is arranged above the large-scale geological model box;
then, controlling the precipitation amount of the shower rainfall simulator by using a flow control meter to simulate a natural rainfall environment, and utilizing the stepped inflation expansion of the air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system to ensure that the methane cobweb-shaped air bag is firstly inflated and expanded and then broken to simulate a methane stratum containing a karst cave;
collecting the frequency of the operation load through a function signal generator, transmitting the frequency to a power amplifier, controlling an excitation system through the power amplifier to output vibration with certain amplitude and frequency, and simulating the vibration load caused by underground subway operation and urban rail transit operation;
the method comprises the steps of monitoring ground settlement caused by vibration of soil bodies at an upper filling surface above a tunnel and a first preset position inside the upper filling surface through a ground settlement monitor and soil body settlement amounts of different soil layer buried depths in a large geological model box, monitoring ground settlement caused by urban rail transit operation and underground subway operation at a second preset position on the upper filling surface above the tunnel through a vibration meter, and measuring the variation amount of lateral deviation of the soil bodies at any position in the large geological model box through an inclinometry well system.
When simulating a karst cave-containing methane stratum, the inside of the large geological model box needs to be sequentially backfilled with soil at the bottom of the tunnel and soil at the body of the tunnel from bottom to top, and when the soil filling and backfilling at the body of the tunnel are finished and soil filling is carried out at the upper part of the tunnel, the air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system needs to be in an inflation and expansion state, and the working flow is as follows: the underground marsh gas is accessed through an external artificial marsh gas system and is conveyed to the cavern arch air bag through the gas conveying pipe, so that the cavern arch air bag is in a rapid inflation expansion state, the underground marsh gas is further conveyed to the marsh gas cobweb-shaped air bag, the marsh gas cobweb-shaped air bag is expanded, meanwhile, the underground marsh gas entering the air bag type cavern marsh gas stratum simulation system is controlled to be in a constant pressure environment through the self-closing gas controller, the entered underground marsh gas is prevented from leaking, the pressure in the marsh gas cobweb-shaped air bag is kept within a constant pressure range of the pressure limiting ring, and the whole air bag type cavern marsh gas stratum simulation system is in an inflation expansion state. When the state is reached, the tunnel hole body filling soil is continuously backfilled in the large geological model box to the preset height, so that the air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system is buried in the tunnel hole body filling soil stratum.
In order to simulate a natural cave in a soil filling stratum of a tunnel cave body and a buried saccular methane stratum, underground methane continues to enter the cave arch-shaped air bag and the methane cobweb-shaped air bag through the self-closing gas controller to control the gas conveying pipe, and the underground methane entering the methane cobweb-shaped air bag exceeds the constant pressure of the pressure limiting ring, so that the methane cobweb-shaped air bag is broken, the underground methane is suddenly released and enters the compact tunnel cave body filling soil to form natural methane, and meanwhile, the constant underground methane in the cave arch-shaped air bag is suddenly released due to the breakage of the methane cobweb-shaped air bag to form the cave after the pressure relief air bag, so that the cave becomes the natural cave.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the method has the advantages that the method can simultaneously simulate ground settlement caused by multiple operation loads on the ground and underground in the urban high-density area; this application is through laying the excitation system near in the operation tunnel and intensive building crowd, through function signal generator, power amplifier simulation ground and the multiple vibration load that operates the load and produce under the operation operating mode of difference underground, can obtain the ground settlement data that accurate multiple operation load vibration arouses, can effectively prevent and control ground settlement calamity and take place.
(2) The method has the advantages that the influence of a high-pressure methane stratum containing a karst cave in a subway operation area on ground settlement can be simulated; according to the method, the gas bag type cavern methane stratum simulation system is used for stepwise inflation and expansion in a subway operation area of a high-density city area, so that the gas bag spider-shaped gas bag is firstly inflated and expanded and then broken to simulate the cavern-containing methane stratum, the distribution rule of the cavern-containing high-pressure methane stratum on the ground settlement can be obtained, the risk of subway construction of the cavern-containing high-pressure methane stratum is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.
(3) The method has the advantages that the method can simulate the ground settlement caused by the operation load of the urban high-concentration area in the rainfall environment; the method and the device have the advantages that the rainfall amount of the spraying rainfall simulator is controlled by the flow control meter to simulate the natural rainfall environment, the ground settlement data caused by subway operation in urban high-concentration areas under the condition of different rainfall amounts is obtained, various risks caused by urban subway construction in the flood prevention period are reduced, the construction period is saved, and the safety of subway construction is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic main elevation view of the multiple operation load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 2 taken along line 1-1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 2 taken along line 3-3.
FIG. 6 is a schematic front cross-sectional view of the shock rod of FIG. 3 rotated 90 counterclockwise and shown in a state in which the shock rod is not fully extended.
FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional operational schematic view of the shock rod fully extended after being rotated 90 counterclockwise in FIG. 3.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the functional signal generator and power amplifier connections.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the karst cave methane formation air bag simulation system during inflation and expansion.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the karst cave methane formation air bag simulation system after inflation and rupture.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a pressure limiting port applied to the top of the marsh gas cobweb-shaped air bag.
Description of reference numerals:
1 displacement sensing system, 101 first displacement sensor, 102 second displacement sensor, 103 third displacement sensor, 104 fourth displacement sensor, 105 fifth displacement sensor, 106 sixth displacement sensor, 107 seventh displacement sensor, 108 eighth displacement sensor, 109 ninth displacement sensor, 2 vibration sensing system, 201 first vibration sensor, 202 second vibration sensor, 203 third vibration sensor, 3 layered settlement mark monitoring system, 301 first layered settlement mark, 302 second layered settlement mark, 303 third layered settlement mark, 304 fourth layered settlement mark, 4 excitation system, 401 first vibration exciter, 402 second vibration exciter, 403 vibration exciter bar, 5 operating tunnel, 6 function signal generator, 7 power amplifier, 8 vibration measurer, 9 ground settlement monitor, 1001 first building model, 1002 second building model, 11 tunnel top soil filling, 12 tunnel hole filling soil, 13 tunnel bottom filling soil, 14 large geological model box, 15 first output cable, 16 second output cable, 17 power amplifier power supply, 18 fault indicator lamp, 19 power amplifier switch, 20 power amplifier knob, 21 voltage knob, 22 function signal generator switch, 23 frequency knob, 24 function signal generator power supply, 2501 first layered sedimentation pipe, 2502 second layered sedimentation pipe, 2503 third layered sedimentation pipe, 2504 fourth layered sedimentation pipe, 2601 first inclinometer pipe, 2602 second inclinometer pipe, 2603 third inclinometer pipe, 27 water outlet, 28 sprinkling rainfall simulator, 29 flow control meter, 30 rotating rod, 31 water pipe, 32 fixed pipe, 33 fixer, 34 karst cave biogas formation air bag simulation system, 3401 self-closing air controller, 3402 spider web air bag, 3403 arch air bag, 3404 pressure limiting port, 3405 air pipe, 3406 underground gas, 3407 air bag after deflation, 35 pressure limiting plates and 36 pressure limiting rings.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described with reference to the following examples shown in the drawings.
Examples
As shown in figures 1-11, the multiple operation load induced ground settlement prevention and control device for the karst cave methane stratum mainly comprises a displacement sensing system 1, a vibration sensing system 2, a layered settlement mark monitoring system 3, an excitation system 4, an operation tunnel 5, a function signal generator 6, a power amplifier 7, a vibration meter 8, a ground settlement monitor 9, a dense building group 10, a tunnel upper filling 11, a tunnel body filling 12, a tunnel bottom filling 13, a large geological model box 14, a first output cable 15, a second output cable 16, a power amplifier power supply 17, a fault indicator lamp 18, a power amplifier switch 19, a power amplifier knob 20, a voltage knob 21, a function signal generator switch 22, a frequency knob 23, a function signal generator power supply 24, a layered settlement well measuring system 25, an inclination measuring well system 26, an outlet 27, a water outlet, The device comprises a showering rainfall simulator 28, a flow control meter 29, a rotating rod 30, a water pipe 31, a fixed pipe 32, a fixer 33, an air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system 34, a pressure limiting plate 35 and a pressure limiting ring 36.
The displacement sensing system 1 includes a first displacement sensor 101, a second displacement sensor 102, a third displacement sensor 103, a fourth displacement sensor 104, and a fifth displacement sensor 105. The first displacement sensor 101, the second displacement sensor 102, the third displacement sensor 103, the fourth displacement sensor 104 and the fifth displacement sensor 105 are all located at preset positions of a surface layer of the filling soil 11 above the tunnel and are connected with the ground settlement monitor 9 through common electric wires, and the ground settlement monitor 9 is connected with an external notebook computer through common network cables so as to record ground settlement caused after soil body vibration at a specified position.
The vibration sensing system 2 includes a first vibration sensor 201, a second vibration sensor 202, and a third vibration sensor 203. First vibration sensor 201, second vibration sensor 202, third vibration sensor 203 all are connected with vibration meter 8 through ordinary connecting wire, are mainly used for the urban rail transit operation of response ground surface and the vibration load that underground subway operation arouses to ground subsides that the vibration of the multiple operation load in monitoring preset position arouses.
The layered settlement mark monitoring system 3 comprises a first layered settlement mark 301, a second layered settlement mark 302, a third layered settlement mark 303 and a fourth layered settlement mark 304. The first layered settlement mark 301, the second layered settlement mark 302, the third layered settlement mark 303 and the fourth layered settlement mark 304 are all connected with the ground settlement monitor 9 through common connecting lines and are mainly used for monitoring the settlement amount of soil bodies in different soil layer buried depths in the large-scale geological model box 14.
The excitation system 4 includes a first exciter 401, a second exciter 402, and an exciting rod 403. The first vibration exciter 401, the second vibration exciter 402, and the exciting rod 403 are all cylindrical, and the exciting rod 403 is respectively disposed at the central axis positions inside the first vibration exciter 401 and the second vibration exciter 402.
The operation tunnel 5 is arranged in the tunnel body filling 12, and the main material is organic glass and is circular.
The function signal generator 6 and the power amplifier 7 are connected by a first output cable 15, and the power amplifier 7 is connected to the first exciter 401 and the second exciter 402 by a second output cable 16, respectively. The inner central axis positions of the first exciter 401 and the second exciter 402 are provided with the exciting rod 403, the first exciter 401 is arranged at the inner central position of the operation tunnel 5, and the second exciter 402 is arranged on the upper surface of the filling 11 above the tunnel and is positioned at the central position between the first building model 1001 and the second building model 1002. The frequency of the operation load is input through the function signal generator 6 and then is transmitted to the power amplifier 7, and the first vibration exciter 401 and the second vibration exciter 402 are respectively controlled by the power amplifier 7 to output different amplitudes and vibration frequencies so as to simulate the vibration load generated by the operation load.
The dense building group 10 includes a first building model 1001 and a second building model 1002. The first building model 1001 and the second building model 1002 are respectively arranged on the surface layer of the soil filling 11 above the tunnel to simulate the surface buildings of the urban high-density area.
The main material of the large geological model box 14 is organic glass and is used for packaging the filling 11 above the tunnel, the filling 12 of the tunnel body and the filling 13 at the bottom of the tunnel.
The layered settlement measurement well logging system 25 comprises a first layered settlement pipe 2501, a second layered settlement pipe 2502, a third layered settlement pipe 2503 and a fourth layered settlement pipe 2504. The first layered settlement pipe 2501, the second layered settlement pipe 2502, the third layered settlement pipe 2503 and the fourth layered settlement pipe 2504 are mainly used for installing settlement marks in different soil layer buried depths in the large-scale geological model box 14 so as to protect the ground settlement data from being interfered by the external environment to generate errors.
The slant well logging system 26 includes a first slant tube 2601, a second slant tube 2602, and a third slant tube 2603. The first inclinometer tube 2601, the second inclinometer tube 2602, and the third inclinometer tube 2603 are mainly used for measuring the amount of change in the lateral deviation of the soil mass installed at any position in the large geological model box 14.
The air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system 34 comprises a self-closing gas controller 3401, a methane cobweb-shaped air bag 3402, a karst cave arch-shaped air bag 3403, a pressure limiting port 3404, an air conveying pipe 3405, an underground methane body 3406 and a karst cave 3407 formed by pressure relief of the air bag.
The filling soil 11 above the tunnel, the filling soil 12 in the tunnel body and the filling soil 13 at the bottom of the tunnel are arranged inside the large-scale geological model box 14 from top to bottom, and the operation tunnel 5 is buried in the filling soil 12 in the tunnel body and used for simulating the subway tunnel structure in operation.
The function signal generator 6 is internally provided with a voltage knob 21, a function signal generator switch 22, a frequency knob 23 and a function signal generator power supply 24.
The function signal generator switch 22 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the function signal generator 6, the voltage knob 21 is used for controlling the voltage output of the function signal generator 6, the frequency knob 23 is used for controlling the frequency output of the function signal generator 6, and the function signal generator power supply 24 is mainly used for supplying power for the normal operation of the function signal generator 6.
The power amplifier 7 is internally provided with a power amplifier power supply 17, a fault indicator lamp 18, a power amplifier switch 19 and a power amplifier knob 20.
The power amplifier switch 19 is used for controlling the power amplifier 7 to be turned on and off, the fault indicator lamp 18 is used for displaying the fault of the power amplifier, the power amplifier knob 20 is used for controlling the voltage and current output of the power amplifier 7, and the power amplifier power supply 17 is used for supplying power to the power amplifier 7.
The two ends of the rotating rod 30 are respectively in threaded connection with the sprinkling rainfall simulator 28 and the flow control meter 29, the flow control meter 29 is used for controlling the amount of water sprayed by the sprinkling rainfall simulator 28, and the rotating rod 30 can be adjusted at any angle, so that the sprinkling rainfall simulator 28 can output the amount of water sprayed at any angle.
One end of the water pipe 31 is connected with the flow control meter 29 in a threaded manner, and the other end of the water pipe is connected with an external water source and used for providing a water source for spraying.
The fixing tube 32 is used to fix the water tube 31 and prevent the water tube 31 from being deformed.
The drain 27 is primarily an outlet that provides drainage for the large geologic model box 14, allowing the uniform drainage of water that has permeated into the bottom of the large geologic model box 14.
The fixer 33 is a hollow rectangular structure, is arranged on the inner wall of the operation tunnel 5, and is glued with the inner wall of the operation tunnel 5. One end of the gas pipe 3405 extends into the fixer 33 and then is connected with the self-closing gas controller 3401, and the other end is connected with an external artificial methane system. The self-closing gas controller 3401 is connected with the gas bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system 34.
The self-closing gas controller 3401 mainly controls the underground marsh gas body 3406 entering the gas bag type karst cave marsh gas stratum simulation system 34 to be in a constant pressure environment, and avoids the entered underground marsh gas body 3406 from leaking.
The biogas cobweb-shaped airbag 3402 mainly simulates a biogas stratum in a soil-filled 11 stratum above a tunnel and is distributed in a cobweb shape. The top of the marsh gas cobweb-shaped air bag 3402 is provided with a pressure limiting opening 3404, the top of the pressure limiting opening 3404 is glued with the pressure limiting ring 36, and the bottom end of the pressure limiting plate 35 is glued with the pressure limiting ring 36.
When the karst cave methane stratum is artificially simulated, the tunnel bottom filling 13 and the tunnel body filling 12 need to be sequentially backfilled from bottom to top inside the large geological model box 14, and when the tunnel body filling 12 is backfilled and the tunnel upper filling 11 is carried out, the air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system 34 needs to be in an inflation state, and the working process is as follows: the underground marsh gas body 3406 is connected with an external artificial marsh gas source, the connected underground marsh gas body 3406 uses a gas transmission pipe 3405 as a gas transmission channel, the underground marsh gas body 3406 is controlled by the self-closing gas controller 3401 to be input into the gas bag type karst cave marsh gas stratum simulation system 34, so that the gas bag type karst cave marsh gas stratum simulation system 34 is in a rapid inflation and expansion state, at the moment, the underground marsh gas body 3406 entering the gas bag type karst cave marsh gas stratum simulation system 34 is continuously input into the marsh gas cobweb-shaped gasbag 3402, the marsh gas cobweb-shaped gasbag 3402 is expanded and is kept in a constant pressure range of the pressure limiting ring 36, and the whole gas bag type karst cave marsh gas stratum simulation system 34 is in an inflation and expansion state. When the state is reached, the tunnel cave body filling soil 12 is continuously backfilled in the large geological model box 14 until the preset height is reached, so that the gas bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system 34 is buried in the preset tunnel cave body filling soil 12 stratum.
In order to simulate a natural karst cave in a tunnel cave soil filling 12 stratum and a buried saccular methane stratum, underground methane 3406 is continuously input into an air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system 34 by using a self-closing gas controller 3401, so that the underground methane 3406 entering into a methane cobweb-shaped air bag 3402 exceeds the constant pressure of a pressure limiting ring 36, the methane cobweb-shaped air bag 3402 is broken, the pressure of the underground methane 3406 is suddenly released and enters into the compact tunnel cave soil filling 12 to form natural methane, and meanwhile, the constant underground methane 3406 in the air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system 34 is suddenly released by breaking the methane cobweb-shaped air bag 3402, and the karst cave 3407 after the pressure of the air bag is released is formed to become the natural karst cave.
The main working principle of the application is as follows:
firstly backfilling tunnel bottom filling 13 and tunnel cave filling 12 from bottom to top in a large geological model box 14, then arranging an operation tunnel 5 above the tunnel cave filling 12, backfilling the tunnel upper filling 11 and tamping, respectively arranging an excitation system 4 in the operation tunnel 5 and on the surface of the tunnel cave filling 12, respectively arranging a displacement sensing system 1 and a vibration sensing system 2 on the surface of the tunnel cave filling 12 according to the layout of a dense building group 10 at a certain distance, respectively embedding a layered settlement mark monitoring system 3 and an inclined well measuring system 26 at preset positions when the large geological model box 14 is backfilled with each layer of filling, then controlling the precipitation of a spraying rainfall simulator 28 by using a flow control meter 29 to simulate a natural rainfall environment, then utilizing the stepped inflation of an air bag type dissolved cave methane stratum simulation system 34 to inflate a methane cobweb-shaped air bag 3402 to simulate a methane stratum containing dissolved caves after inflation, and then the function signal generator 6 and the power amplifier 7 are utilized to simulate the vibration load generated by multiple operation loads on the ground and underground, and the influence of the vibration load on the ground settlement is monitored so as to carry out comprehensive prevention and control.
The foregoing description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate an understanding and appreciation of the present application by those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments herein, and those skilled in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a multiple operation load induces ground subsides prevention and control device for karst cave marsh gas stratum which characterized in that: the system comprises a displacement sensing system (1), a vibration sensing system (2), a layered settlement mark monitoring system (3), an excitation system (4), an operation tunnel (5), a function signal generator (6), a power amplifier (7), a vibration meter (8), a ground settlement monitor (9), a dense building group (10), filling soil above the tunnel (11), tunnel hole filling soil (12), tunnel bottom filling soil (13), a large geological model box (14), a first output cable (15), a second output cable (16), a layered settlement amount well measuring system (25), an inclination measuring well system (26), a fixer (33), a gas bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system (34), a pressure limiting plate (35), a pressure limiting ring (36) and a natural rainfall simulation system;
filling tunnel bottom filling (13), tunnel hole body filling (12) and tunnel upper filling (11) in the large geological model box (14) from bottom to top in sequence; an operation tunnel (5) is arranged in the center of the tunnel body filling (12) along the front-back direction of the large geological model box (14); the dense building group (10) comprises a first building model (1001) and a second building model (1002), wherein the first building model (1001) and the second building model (1002) are arranged on the upper surface of the filling (11) above the tunnel in a bilateral symmetry mode respectively so as to simulate surface buildings of a high-dense city area;
two air bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation systems (34) are arranged in the tunnel hole body filling (12), are positioned at the upper end of the outer wall of the operation tunnel (5) and are arranged at equal distances; the gas bag type karst cave methane stratum simulation system (34) comprises a self-closing gas controller (3401), a methane cobweb-shaped gas bag (3402), a karst cave arch-shaped gas bag (3403), a pressure limiting port (3404), a gas conveying pipe (3405), an underground methane body (3406) and a karst cave (3407) formed by relieving pressure of the gas bag; a plurality of marsh gas cobweb-shaped gasbags (3402) are arranged on the karst cave arch-shaped gasbags (3403) in a cobweb shape and are communicated with the karst cave arch-shaped gasbags (3403), meanwhile, the top of each marsh gas cobweb-shaped gasbag (3402) is provided with a pressure limiting port (3404), and the pressure limiting port (3404) is glued with a pressure limiting plate (35) through a pressure limiting ring (36); the karst cave arch-shaped air bag (3403) is arranged on a fixer (33), the fixer (33) is glued with the inner wall of the operation tunnel (5), meanwhile, a self-closing air controller (3401) is arranged in the karst cave arch-shaped air bag (3403), one end of an air pipe (3405) penetrates through the fixer (33) to be connected with the self-closing air controller (3401), and the other end of the air pipe (3405) is connected with an external artificial biogas system;
the natural rainfall simulation system comprises a shower rainfall simulator (28), a flow control meter (29), a rotating rod (30) and a water pipe (31); the sprinkling rainfall simulator (28) is arranged above the large-scale geological model box (14) and is connected with a flow control meter (29) through a rotating rod (30), the flow control meter (29) is connected with an external water source through a water pipe (31), the amount of water sprayed by the sprinkling rainfall simulator (28) is controlled through the flow control meter (29), and the spraying angle of the sprinkling rainfall simulator (28) is controlled through the rotating rod (30); meanwhile, the bottom of the large geological model box (14) is provided with a water outlet (27) for draining water;
the excitation system (4) comprises a first vibration exciter (401) and a second vibration exciter (402), wherein the inner central shafts of the first vibration exciter (401) and the second vibration exciter (402) are respectively provided with a vibration exciting rod (403), the first vibration exciter (401) is arranged at the inner central position of the operation tunnel (5), and the second vibration exciter (402) is arranged on the upper surface of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel and is positioned at the central position between the first building model (1001) and the second building model (1002);
the function signal generator (6) is connected with the power amplifier (7) through a first output cable (15), and the power amplifier (7) is connected with the first vibration exciter (401) and the second vibration exciter (402) through a second output cable (16); the frequency of the operation load is input through a function signal generator (6) and is transmitted to a power amplifier (7), and the power amplifier (7) is used for respectively controlling a first vibration exciter (401) and a second vibration exciter (402) to output vibration with different amplitudes and frequencies so as to simulate the vibration load caused by underground subway operation and urban rail transit operation;
the displacement sensing system (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel and a first preset position in the filling soil and is connected with a ground settlement monitor (9), and the ground settlement caused by the vibration of the soil on the upper surface of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel and the first preset position in the filling soil is monitored by the ground settlement monitor (9);
the vibration sensing system (2) is arranged at a second preset position on the upper surface of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel and is used for sensing vibration loads caused by urban rail transit operation and underground subway operation at the second preset position on the upper surface of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel; the vibration meter (8) is connected with the vibration sensing system (2) and is used for monitoring the ground settlement caused by urban rail transit operation and underground subway operation at a second preset position on the upper surface of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel;
the layered settlement mark monitoring system (3) is arranged at different soil layer buried depths in the large-scale geological model box (14); the ground settlement monitor (9) is connected with the layered settlement mark monitoring system (3) and is used for monitoring the settlement amount of soil bodies in different soil layer buried depths in the large-scale geological model box (14);
the slant well logging system (26) is arranged in the large geological model box (14) and is used for measuring the variation of the lateral deviation of soil bodies at any position in the large geological model box (14).
2. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 1, wherein: the vibration sensing system (2) comprises a first vibration sensor (201), a second vibration sensor (202) and a third vibration sensor (203);
the first vibration sensor (201) is arranged in the center of the earth surface of the large geological model box (14) and is positioned right above the operation tunnel (5); the second vibration sensor (202) is arranged in front of the second building model (1002); the third vibration sensor (203) is arranged in front of the first building model (1001).
3. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 2, wherein: the displacement sensing system (1) comprises a first displacement sensor (101), a second displacement sensor (102), a third displacement sensor (103), a fourth displacement sensor (104) and a fifth displacement sensor (105);
the first displacement sensor (101) is arranged at the right side center close to the first building model (1001), the second displacement sensor (102) is arranged at the left side center close to the second building model (1002), the third displacement sensor (103) is arranged at the rear side center close to the first vibration sensor (201), the fourth displacement sensor (104) is arranged at the front side center close to the first building model (1001), and the fifth displacement sensor (105) is arranged at the front side center close to the second building model (1002);
the first displacement sensor (101), the second displacement sensor (102), the third displacement sensor (103), the fourth displacement sensor (104) and the fifth displacement sensor (105) are respectively connected with a ground settlement monitor (9), and the soil settlement amount of a second preset position on the upper surface of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel is monitored through the ground settlement monitor (9).
4. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 1, wherein: the layered settlement logging system (25) comprises a first layered settlement pipe (2501), a second layered settlement pipe (2502), a third layered settlement pipe (2503) and a fourth layered settlement pipe (2504);
the first layered sedimentation tube (2501), the second layered sedimentation tube (2502), the third layered sedimentation tube (2503) and the fourth layered sedimentation tube (2504) are buried in the filling soil (11) above the tunnel, the buried depths of the first layered sedimentation tube (2501) and the second layered sedimentation tube (2502) are the same, the buried depths of the third layered sedimentation tube (2503) and the fourth layered sedimentation tube (2504) are the same, and the buried depths of the first layered sedimentation tube (2501) and the second layered sedimentation tube (2502) are greater than those of the third layered sedimentation tube (2503) and the fourth layered sedimentation tube (2504);
the first layered settling tube (2501), the fourth layered settling tube (2504), the third layered settling tube (2503) and the second layered settling tube (2502) are sequentially positioned at 1/5, 2/5, 3/5 and 4/5 from right to left at the front end of the large geological model box (14).
5. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 4, wherein: the displacement sensing system (1) comprises a sixth displacement sensor (106), a seventh displacement sensor (107), an eighth displacement sensor (108) and a ninth displacement sensor (109);
the sixth displacement sensor (106), the seventh displacement sensor (107), the eighth displacement sensor (108) and the ninth displacement sensor (109) are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the bottoms of the first layered sedimentation pipe (2501), the second layered sedimentation pipe (2502), the third layered sedimentation pipe (2503) and the fourth layered sedimentation pipe (2504) and are respectively connected with a ground settlement monitor (9), and soil settlement amounts of different burial depth positions of the filling soil (11) above the tunnel are monitored through the ground settlement monitor (9).
6. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 1, wherein: the layered settlement mark monitoring system (3) comprises a first layered settlement mark (301), a second layered settlement mark (302), a third layered settlement mark (303) and a fourth layered settlement mark (304);
the first layered settlement mark (301) is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the left rear side of the large-scale geological model box (14), the second layered settlement mark (302) is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the right rear side of the large-scale geological model box (14), the third layered settlement mark (303) is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the left front side of the large-scale geological model box (14), the fourth layered settlement mark (304) is arranged at 1/4 of the horizontal position of the right front side of the large-scale geological model box (14), and the arrangement heights of the first layered settlement mark (301), the second layered settlement mark (302), the third layered settlement mark (303) and the fourth layered settlement mark (304) are all equal to the height of the large-scale geological model box (14).
7. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 1, wherein: the slant well logging system (26) comprises a first slant pipe (2601), a second slant pipe (2602) and a third slant pipe (2603);
the first inclinometer pipe (2601) is arranged at the central position between the right rear right angle of the first building model (1001) and the right rear right angle of the large geological model box (14); the second inclinometer pipe (2602) is arranged at the central position between the right angle at the left rear side of the second building model (1002) and the right angle at the left rear side of the large geological model box (14); the third inclinometer pipe (2603) is arranged at the center of the rear side edge of the large geological model box (14) and is positioned in front of the shower rainfall simulator (28).
8. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 1, wherein: the function signal generator (6) is internally provided with a voltage knob (21), a function signal generator switch (22), a frequency knob (23) and a function signal generator power supply (24);
the function signal generator switch (22) is used for controlling the opening and closing of the function signal generator (6), the voltage knob (21) is used for controlling the voltage output of the function signal generator (6), the frequency knob (23) is used for controlling the frequency output of the function signal generator (6), and the function signal generator power supply (24) mainly provides power for the normal operation of the function signal generator (6).
9. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 1, wherein: the power amplifier (7) is internally provided with a power amplifier power supply (17), a fault indicator lamp (18), a power amplifier switch (19) and a power amplifier knob (20);
the power amplifier switch (19) is used for controlling the power amplifier (7) to be turned on and off, the fault indicator lamp (18) is used for displaying faults occurring in the power amplifier, the power amplifier knob (20) is used for controlling the voltage and current output of the power amplifier (7), and the power amplifier power supply (17) is used for supplying power to the power amplifier (7).
10. The multiple operational load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for a karst cave biogas formation according to claim 1, wherein: the self-closing gas controller (3401) is an inverted Y-shaped closed structure, the upper end of the self-closing gas controller enters the interior of the karst cave arch-shaped air bag (3403), and the lower end of the self-closing gas controller is connected with a gas conveying pipe (3405) through a fixer (33);
when the underground marsh gas body (3406) enters the self-closing gas controller (3401) through the gas transmission pipe (3405) under the pressure effect, the inverted Y-shaped sealing port at the upper end can release the underground marsh gas body (3406) to enter the interior of the karst cave arch-shaped gasbag (3403) due to pressure expansion, and when the underground marsh gas body (3406) is released, the inverted Y-shaped sealing port can disappear and automatically seal due to pressure, so that the constant pressure is ensured.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110426503A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-08 | 浙江科技学院 | Multiple operation load for solution cavity biogas stratum induces surface subsidence prevention and control device |
| CN117233009A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-15 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Underground space collapse critical point simulation system and collapse critical point acquisition method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110426503A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-08 | 浙江科技学院 | Multiple operation load for solution cavity biogas stratum induces surface subsidence prevention and control device |
| CN110426503B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2024-03-19 | 浙江科技学院 | Multi-operation load induced ground subsidence prevention and control device for karst cave marsh gas stratum |
| CN117233009A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-15 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Underground space collapse critical point simulation system and collapse critical point acquisition method |
| CN117233009B (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-27 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Underground space collapse critical point simulation system and collapse critical point acquisition method |
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