Ultralow-temperature perennial refrigeration type air-cooled air conditioning unit
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the refrigeration plant field, concretely relates to can be used to special requirements such as commercial or medical purification an ultra-low temperature year round refrigeration type air-cooled air conditioning unit.
Background
The working process of the refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment is an energy transfer process; for the use side, the compressor does work during refrigeration to transfer energy to the outside. Because the air-cooled air conditioning unit utilizes the air of the outdoor environment to cool the refrigerant, the temperature of the outdoor environment is greatly changed along with the seasons, and the environment temperature has a direct relation to the refrigerating capacity and the operation reliability of the unit in the occasions requiring transition seasons or needing refrigeration in winter. When the temperature of the external air environment is low, the condensing temperature of the air conditioning unit is very low in the starting and running processes, and the system is difficult to establish enough high-low pressure difference, so that the internal oil supply is insufficient, and the compressor is easily seriously damaged due to insufficient lubrication and cooling; meanwhile, because the condensing pressure is too low, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the expansion valve is too small, the flow of the refrigerant is too low, low pressure and even low pressure alarm can occur, and the service life of the air conditioning unit can be seriously shortened due to long-time low pressure and low pressure alarm or frequent low pressure alarm.
The existing air-cooled air conditioning unit mainly comprises a compressor, a finned condenser, a throttling device and an evaporator; the finned condenser consists of a plurality of radiators and condensing fans, and the air quantity is changed by the number of the operating fans and the change of the rotating speed during operation so as to adjust the condensing pressure to maintain the high-low pressure difference; the adjusting capacity is quite limited in cold winter, particularly in the starting stage of the compressor, the fan is not put into operation immediately, a certain time is needed for establishing high-low pressure difference, the liquid supply capacity of the throttling device is greatly reduced due to too low pressure difference, and low-pressure alarm frequently occurs if the condensing pressure cannot be increased as soon as possible along with the operation of the compressor; due to the problems, the safe and reliable operation of the air-cooled air conditioning unit cannot be well maintained by adjusting the running number and the rotating speed of the fan at the low environmental temperature of below 15 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the utility model aims to provide an ultra-low temperature year round refrigeration type air-cooled air conditioning unit to prior art's not enough, the utility model discloses can satisfy the condition that the customer in the north needs the cold water cooling plant refrigeration operation to come the control room parameter in cold winter, this unit can year round refrigeration type air conditioning unit for more than low ambient temperature-25 ℃.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model relates to an ultra-low temperature perennial refrigeration type air-cooled air conditioning unit, which comprises a compressor, an air-cooled condenser, a main circuit electromagnetic valve, a high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve, a liquid storage device, a throttling device, an evaporator and a gas-liquid separator;
the compressor includes a discharge port and a return port; the air-cooled condenser comprises a first condenser interface and a second condenser interface, the exhaust port is communicated with the first condenser interface, a high-pressure bypass branch is arranged on a communication pipeline of the air-cooled condenser, the high-pressure bypass branch comprises a high-pressure bypass first branch interface, a high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve and a high-pressure bypass second branch interface which are sequentially communicated, and the exhaust port, the first condenser interface and the high-pressure bypass first branch interface are connected through a reducing T-shaped copper tee joint to form mutually communicated pipelines; the liquid accumulator comprises a first liquid accumulator interface and a second liquid accumulator interface, the second condenser interface, the high-pressure bypass second branch interface and the first liquid accumulator interface are connected through a reducing T-shaped copper tee joint to form mutually communicated pipelines, and a main-path electromagnetic valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the second condenser interface and the first liquid accumulator interface; the evaporator is provided with four interfaces which are respectively a first evaporator interface, a second evaporator interface, a third evaporator interface and a fourth evaporator interface; the first evaporator interface is communicated with the second evaporator interface and is a refrigerant side, and the third evaporator interface is communicated with the fourth evaporator interface and is a refrigerant water side; the gas-liquid separator comprises a first gas-liquid separator interface and a second gas-liquid separator interface; the second reservoir interface is connected with a throttling device, the throttling device is connected with the first evaporator interface, the second evaporator interface is connected with the first gas-liquid separator interface, the second gas-liquid separator interface is connected with a gas return port of the compressor, and a low-pressure bypass switch is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the gas return port and the second gas-liquid separator interface.
Preferably, the throttling device comprises a first liquid branch interface, a low-pressure bypass solenoid valve, a capillary tube, a second liquid branch interface and a thermal expansion valve; second reservoir interface, the first branch interface of liquid and the second branch interface of liquid link to each other through reducing T type copper tee bend, form the pipeline of intercommunication each other, the first branch interface of liquid and the second branch interface parallel connection of liquid, be provided with thermal expansion valve on the parallel connection pipeline of the first branch interface of liquid, be provided with low pressure bypass solenoid valve and capillary on the parallel connection pipeline of the second branch interface of liquid.
Preferably, the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve is installed between the liquid storage device and the evaporator, is connected with the thermostatic expansion valve in parallel, and controls the on-off of a bypass pipeline between the interface of the second liquid storage device and the interface of the first evaporator; the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve is controlled by the low-pressure bypass switch.
Preferably, the air-cooled condenser comprises a plurality of heat exchangers adopting hydrophilic aluminum foil fins, an axial flow fan and an ambient temperature probe; the finned heat exchanger is arranged in a V shape or an L shape, the environment temperature probe is an NTC and is installed on the outer side of the air-cooled condenser, and the start and stop of a shaft flow fan in the air-cooled condenser are controlled.
Preferably, an exhaust temperature switch, a high-pressure switch and a first high-pressure sensor are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the compressor exhaust port and the first condenser interface; a second high-pressure sensor is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve and the high-pressure bypass second branch interface; a drying filter is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the second liquid storage device interface and the throttling device; and a low-pressure alarm switch is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the second gas-liquid separator interface and the air return port of the compressor.
Preferably, the main path electromagnetic valve is installed between the air-cooled condenser and the liquid storage device and controls the connection and disconnection of the second condenser interface and the first liquid storage device interface; the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve is arranged between the compressor and the liquid storage device and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the high-pressure first branch interface and the first liquid storage device interface.
Preferably, the measuring ranges of the first high-pressure sensor and the second high-pressure sensor are both-0.0 MPa to 5.0 MPa.
The utility model discloses a working process does:
a: when the ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature probe is greater than t1, the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve is closed, and the main path electromagnetic valve 10 is opened;
direction of refrigerant flow: after the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor to do work, the formed high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the finned heat exchanger, then is forced to exhaust by the axial flow fan to perform a heat exchange process to form high-temperature high-pressure liquid, then passes through the main solenoid valve, flows to the thermostatic expansion valve through the liquid reservoir, forms a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant through the throttling action of the thermostatic expansion valve, and then enters the evaporator to be evaporated to form low-temperature low-pressure gas to enter the compressor, so that.
b: when the ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature probe is less than t1, the starting number of the axial flow fans is half of the configuration number;
simultaneously, the first high-pressure sensor detects a high-pressure value P1, the second high-pressure sensor detects a high-pressure value P2, and the pressure difference △ P is calculated and has the calculation formula of △ P = P1-P2;
b.1 if P1 is less than 1.0MPa and △ P is more than 0.4MPa, opening the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve and closing the main path electromagnetic valve;
b.2 if P1 is less than 1.0MPa and △ P is more than 0.4MPa, and when the low-pressure bypass switch is switched on, the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve is opened, the main-path electromagnetic valve is opened, and the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve is opened;
b.3, if the P1 is more than or equal to 1.0MPa, closing the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve and opening the main path electromagnetic valve;
b.4 if P1 is more than or equal to 1.0MPa, if the low-pressure bypass switch is turned on, the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve is opened.
Has the advantages that: (1) the utility model can quickly improve the condensing pressure by controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve in the pipeline and the starting and stopping of the axial flow fan, and establish a proper high-low pressure difference value, so that the air conditioning unit can maintain the high pressure under the condition of low ambient temperature, and the air conditioning unit can be in a safe and reliable operation range of the unit system;
(2) the utility model utilizes the advanced system control solution, and the technology is innovated to realize the operation of low temperature environment temperature, thereby ensuring that the unit is safer and more reliable; when refrigerating at the low ambient temperature of more than 25 ℃ below zero, the stable chilled water temperature can be provided for customers.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system schematic diagram of the air conditioning unit of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-compressor, 2-exhaust temperature switch, 3-high voltage switch, 4-first high voltage sensor, 5-finned heat exchanger; 6-an axial flow fan, 7-a high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve, 8-an ambient temperature probe, 9-a second high-pressure sensor, 10-a main path electromagnetic valve, 11-a liquid storage device, 12-a drying filter, 13-a thermal expansion valve, 14-a low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve, 15-a capillary tube, 16-an evaporator, 17-a gas-liquid separator, 18-a low-pressure bypass switch and 19-a low-pressure alarm switch; the system comprises an A-exhaust port, a B-first condenser interface, a C-second condenser interface, a D-high-pressure bypass first branch interface, an E1-first reservoir interface, an E2-second reservoir interface, an F-liquid first branch interface, a G-liquid second branch interface, an H1-first evaporator interface, an H2-second evaporator interface, an H3-third evaporator interface, an H4-fourth evaporator interface, an I1-first gas-liquid separator interface, an I2-second gas-liquid separator interface, a J-return port and a K-high-pressure bypass second branch interface.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example (b): an ultralow temperature perennial refrigeration type air-cooled air conditioning unit comprises a compressor 1, an air-cooled condenser, a main path electromagnetic valve 10, a liquid accumulator 11, a throttling device, an evaporator 16 and a gas-liquid separator 17;
the compressor 1 includes an exhaust port a and a return port J; the air-cooled condenser comprises a first condenser interface B and a second condenser interface C, an exhaust port A is communicated with the first condenser interface B, a communicating pipeline of the air-cooled condenser is provided with a high-pressure bypass branch, the high-pressure bypass branch comprises a high-pressure bypass first branch interface D, a high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve 7, a second high-pressure sensor 9 and a high-pressure bypass second branch interface K which are sequentially communicated, the exhaust port A, the first condenser interface B and the high-pressure bypass first branch interface D are connected through a reducing T-shaped copper tee joint to form a mutually communicated pipeline, the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged between a compressor 1 and a liquid reservoir 11 to control the on-off of the high-pressure first branch interface and a first liquid reservoir interface E1, an exhaust temperature switch 2, a high-pressure switch 3 and a first high-pressure sensor 4 are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the compressor exhaust port, the measuring ranges of the first high-voltage sensor 4 and the second high-voltage sensor 9 are-0.0 MPa-5.0 MPa; the air-cooled condenser comprises a plurality of hydrophilic aluminum foil finned heat exchangers 5, an axial flow fan 6 and an ambient temperature probe 8; the finned heat exchanger 5 is arranged in a V shape or an L shape, the environment temperature probe 8 is an NTC and is arranged at the outer side of the air-cooled condenser, and the start and stop of a axial flow fan 6 in the air-cooled condenser are controlled; the liquid storage device 11 comprises a first liquid storage device interface E1 and a second liquid storage device interface E2, a second condenser interface C, a high-pressure bypass second branch interface K and a first liquid storage device interface E1 are connected through a reducing T-shaped copper tee joint to form a pipeline which is communicated with each other, a main electromagnetic valve 10 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the second condenser interface C and the first liquid storage device interface E1, the main electromagnetic valve 10 is installed between the air-cooled condenser and the liquid storage device 11, and the on-off of the second condenser interface C and the first liquid storage device interface E1 is controlled; the evaporator 16 has four interfaces, which are a first evaporator interface H1, a second evaporator interface H2, a third evaporator interface H3 and a fourth evaporator interface H4; the first evaporator interface H1 is communicated with the second evaporator interface H2 and is a refrigerant side, the third evaporator interface H3 is communicated with the fourth evaporator interface H4 and is a refrigerant water side, and water in the refrigerant water side exchanges heat with refrigerant in the refrigerant side; the gas-liquid separator 17 comprises a first gas-liquid separator interface I1 and a second gas-liquid separator interface I2; the second reservoir interface E2 is connected with a throttling device, the throttling device is connected with a first evaporator interface H1, a second evaporator interface H2 is connected with a first gas-liquid separator interface I1, a second gas-liquid separator interface I2 is connected with a return air port J of the compressor 1, and a low-pressure bypass switch 18 and a low-pressure alarm switch 19 are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the return air port J and the second gas-liquid separator interface I2.
The throttling device comprises a liquid first branch interface F, a low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve 14, a capillary tube 15, a liquid second branch interface G and a thermal expansion valve 13; the second reservoir connector E2, the first liquid branch connector F and the second liquid branch connector G are connected through a reducing T-shaped copper tee joint to form mutually communicated pipelines, the first liquid branch connector F is connected with the second liquid branch connector G in parallel, a thermal expansion valve 13 is arranged on the parallel pipeline of the first liquid branch connector F, a low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve 14 and a capillary 15 are arranged on the parallel pipeline of the second liquid branch connector G, and a drying filter 12 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the second reservoir connector E2 and the throttling device; the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve 14 is arranged between the liquid reservoir 11 and the evaporator 16, is connected with the thermostatic expansion valve 13 in parallel, and controls the on-off of a bypass pipeline between a second liquid reservoir interface E2 and a first evaporator interface H1; the low pressure bypass solenoid valve 14 is controlled by a low pressure bypass switch 18.
The utility model discloses a working process does:
1. when the ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature probe 8 is higher than t1, the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve 7 is closed, the main path electromagnetic valve 10 is opened, and the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve is closed 14;
direction of refrigerant flow:
after the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 1 to do work, the formed high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the finned condenser 5 and is forced to draft by the axial flow fan 6 to perform a heat exchange process to form high-temperature and high-pressure liquid, then the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid passes through the main solenoid valve 10, the liquid accumulator 11 flows to the thermostatic expansion valve 13, the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant formed by the throttling action of the thermostatic expansion valve 13 enters the evaporator 17 to be evaporated to form low-temperature and low-pressure gas:
A → B → C → E1 → E2 → G → H1 →H2 →I1 →I2 → J
2. when the ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature probe 8 is less than t1, the number of the axial flow fans 6 started is the configuration number
Half, simultaneously the first high pressure sensor 4 detects the high pressure value P1, the second high pressure sensor 9 detects the high pressure value P2, simultaneously the pressure difference △ P is calculated, the calculation formula is △ P = P1-P2
2.1, if P1 is less than 1.0MPa and △ P is more than 0.4MPa, the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve 7 is opened, and the main path electromagnetic valve 10 is closed;
the refrigerant flow direction at this time:
2.2, if P1 is less than 1.0MPa and △ P is more than 0.4MPa, and the low-pressure bypass switch 18 is switched on, the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve 7 is opened, the main path electromagnetic valve 10 is opened, and the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve 14 is opened;
the refrigerant flow direction at this time:
2.3: if P1 is more than or equal to 1.0MPa, the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve 7 is closed, and the main path electromagnetic valve 10 is opened;
the refrigerant flow direction at this time:
2.4: if P1 is more than or equal to 1.0MPa, if the low-pressure bypass switch 18 is switched on, the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve 14 is opened;
the refrigerant flow direction at this time:
the signal of the low-pressure bypass electromagnetic valve 14 is determined and controlled by a low-pressure bypass switch 18; the signals of the high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve 7 and the main path electromagnetic valve 10 are jointly controlled by an environment temperature probe 8, the first high-pressure sensor 4 and the second high-pressure sensor 9 through control logics.
As mentioned above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.