CN210401564U - Partial discharge detection device based on abnormal shape ripples - Google Patents
Partial discharge detection device based on abnormal shape ripples Download PDFInfo
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- CN210401564U CN210401564U CN201920635377.2U CN201920635377U CN210401564U CN 210401564 U CN210401564 U CN 210401564U CN 201920635377 U CN201920635377 U CN 201920635377U CN 210401564 U CN210401564 U CN 210401564U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a partial discharge detection device based on abnormal shape ripples, including arbitrary signal generator an, high voltage power amplifier a, high frequency divider a, rogowski coil, data acquisition card, leading small signal amplifier and PC. The utility model discloses a detection device uses the partial discharge with abnormal shape ripples and detects for laboratory detection insulation defect partial discharge's discharge capacity and discharge amplitude also can be used for the insulation defect partial discharge of power equipment to detect simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the insulating detection device of power equipment, concretely relates to partial discharge detection device based on abnormal shape ripples.
Background
Partial discharge, as a non-destructive test, allows us to understand the insulation condition of electrical equipment. And the problems of the equipment are discovered, and maintenance measures are taken, so that the safe operation of the equipment is guaranteed, and more attention is paid to people. Various electric, optical, acoustic, thermal and other phenomena can be generated in the process of generating partial discharge, so that detection methods such as an electric detection method, a light method, an acoustic method, an infrared heat method and the like correspondingly appear in the partial discharge detection technology[1]. Partial discharge detection techniques are largely classified into electrical measurement methods and non-electrical measurement methods according to the properties to be measured. The electrical measurement method is mainly a pulse current method, the detection sensitivity is high, but the signal-to-noise ratio of signals is difficult to improve. Compared with the electrical measurement method, the non-electrical measurement method has the characteristic of strong electromagnetic interference resistance, but the sensitivity is not high or the discharge property and the discharge intensity cannot be judged under the common condition. Therefore, the pulse current method has the widest application range and the highest use frequency[2]. The pulse current method is to detect the local discharge by obtaining the pulse voltage on the detection impedance of the coupling capacitor side of the measuring loop or the apparent discharge amount of the pulse current on the Rogowski coil of the grounding point of the power equipment[3]The circuit diagram is shown in fig. 1. U is a high-voltage power supply, Z is protective impedance, Cx is an insulation defect sample, L is a Rogowski coil, and A is a micro signal amplifier. The output of the high voltage power supply is connected to the insulation defect test piece through a protective impedance. The sample and the high-voltage power supply are in single-point grounding. The voltage is applied to the sample, the partial discharge of the sample is generated along with the continuous increase of the voltage, a pulse current signal of the partial discharge is generated in a loop, and the pulse current signal is detected on a grounding wire of the sample through a Rogowski coil, but the signal is very weak generally because of the fact that the signal is very weakThis signal is amplified by the minute signal amplifier. The high-voltage power supply U is usually power frequency alternating current voltage, but when the high-voltage power supply U is used for carrying out partial discharge tests, the signal to noise ratio of detected signals is low, and information is not rich enough.
The principle of partial discharge is: a voltage is applied to the insulating defect site that generates a voltage corresponding to the applied voltage, but this voltage is generally less than the initial discharge voltage of the defect site. As the applied voltage is increased, the voltage at the defect site is also increased. When the voltage of the defect reaches its initial discharge voltage, partial discharge occurs at the defect. The voltage of the defect part is reduced due to the migration of the charges in the discharging process, and the voltage at the moment is smaller than the initial discharging voltage, so that the discharge is extinguished. With the increasing applied voltage, the voltage of the defect will reach its initial discharge voltage again, and the defect will discharge again. This is repeated until the applied voltage reaches a peak and the discharge is stopped. The applied voltage will then decrease continuously. The voltage of the defect part is reduced, and when the applied voltage is reduced to a negative value until the negative initial discharge voltage of the defect part, the defect part generates partial discharge in the opposite direction. With the continuous decrease of the applied voltage, the defect part will repeat the reverse direction partial discharge for many times until the applied voltage reaches the negative peak value, and the discharge will stop. Such a pulse-wide partial discharge has been completed and the subsequent partial discharges will be cycled in this manner.
Therefore, the partial discharge detection device with high sensitivity, high signal-to-noise ratio of signals and abundant information is developed for experimental research, and has important significance for improving the safe and stable operation of the power system.
Reference to the literature
[1] Guojun, Wuguangning, Zhangxuejing, etc. the present status and development of partial discharge detection technology [ J ] the report on electrotechnical Commission, 2005(02):29-35.
[2] Zhang ren Yu, Chen Chang Fishes, Wang Chang, high Voltage test technology [ M ]. Beijing, Qinghua university Press, 2009.
[3] The partial discharge detection technology of electrical equipment is evaluated as J, high voltage technology, 2015,41(08): 2583-.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a partial discharge detection device based on abnormal shape ripples can be used for the laboratory to detect insulating defect partial discharge's discharge capacity and discharge amplitude.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that the partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal wave comprises an arbitrary signal generator a, a high-voltage power amplifier a, a high-frequency divider a, a Rogowski coil, a data acquisition card and a preposed micro signal amplifier; the output end of any signal generator a is connected with the input end of a high-voltage power supply amplifier a, the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a protective impedance, one end of the protective impedance is used for being connected with the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a, the other end of the protective impedance is used for being connected with one end of a detected insulation defect sample, and the other end of the insulation defect sample is grounded; the other branch of the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a is connected with a high-frequency voltage divider a; the input end of the high-frequency voltage divider a is connected with the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a, and the high-voltage power supply amplifier a, the high-frequency voltage divider a and the insulation defect sample are grounded in a single point manner; the data acquisition card is a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition card, the output end of a high-frequency voltage divider a and the output end of a preposed micro signal amplifier are respectively connected to two input channels of the data acquisition card, a Rogowski coil is connected to a ground wire of an insulation defect sample, the output end of the Rogowski coil is connected with the input end of the preposed micro signal amplifier, and the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with a PC.
The utility model discloses a characteristics still lie in:
any signal generator a is of the type Tektronix AFG 3051C.
The high-voltage power amplifier a is of the type TREK 20/20 a.
The protection impedance is an RC parallel circuit.
The model of the high-frequency voltage divider a is NVR60, and the voltage signal acquisition range is as follows: 0-60 kV; pulse voltage: 0-120 kV, the frequency of the collected signal is 0-20MHz, the DC accuracy is 0.1%, the accuracy is 1% when the frequency is 10 Hz-1 MHz, and the accuracy is 3% when the frequency is more than 1 MHz.
The Rogowski coil is in a Pearson6585 model, the current signal acquisition range is 0-500A, the precision is 1mA, and the signal frequency range is 400Hz-250 MHz.
The front micro signal amplifier is an ATA-5510 single channel, a BNC input interface, an input resistor of 50 omega, a BNC output interface, a maximum output voltage of 2Vp-p, a voltage gain of 46dB and an ultra-low noise power supply.
The model of the data acquisition card is DSO3204, the data acquisition card is provided with 4 independent analog channels, 1GSa/s high-speed real-time sampling, 1mV-10V/DIV high input sensitivity and 250MHz high bandwidth.
The utility model discloses the beneficial effect of device lies in:
(1) the detection device of the utility model applies the special-shaped wave to the partial discharge detection for detecting the discharge quantity and the discharge amplitude of the partial discharge of the insulation defect in a laboratory, and can also be used for the partial discharge detection of the insulation defect of the power equipment;
(2) the utility model discloses a detection device is based on the mechanism that takes place of partial discharge, it has many advantages to apply abnormal shape ripples to the partial discharge research, ① compares in power frequency alternating voltage, the conversion slope of abnormal shape ripples is big, arouse defect position more easily and take place partial discharge, therefore, apply lower voltage alright measure partial discharge, ② once pressurize can obtain polarity conversion many times, in order to arouse partial discharge, can shorten the time and the process of experiment, ③ time of pressurization is short, therefore little to the secondary damage of equipment, ④ because the different characteristics of amplitude of oscillating in abnormal shape ripples period, can filter partial noise signal, improve the SNR.A general speaking, can not have partial discharge signal in lower amplitude position, if find that these positions appear discharge signal, then can regard these signals as the noise, with these and other positions similar signal complete filtering, can improve the SNR greatly;
(3) the detection device of the utility model adopts the sensor (Rogowski coil) to detect the partial discharge pulse signal in the circuit, and has high sensitivity, high resolution and high accuracy;
(4) the detection device of the utility model adopts a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition card, has high acquisition speed, and can effectively acquire fine partial discharge signals, so that the detection is more sensitive;
to sum up, the utility model discloses a detection device design theory is novel, simple structure, can detect the partial discharge of power equipment typical insulation defect sample, and the precision is high, the sensitivity is strong. In addition, the device is convenient to operate, high in practicability and convenient to use in a field test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for measuring partial discharge by a pulse current method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the parameter setting of the abnormal-shape wave oscillogram in the process of detecting partial discharge of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of the abnormal wave in the method for detecting partial discharge according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of a first abnormal-shaped wave, a symmetrical oscillatory wave, designed by software in the method for detecting partial discharge according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of a second type of abnormal wave, asymmetric oscillatory wave, designed by software in the method for detecting partial discharge according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of a third abnormal-shaped wave, incremental oscillatory wave, designed by software in the method for detecting partial discharge according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of a fourth abnormal wave, a decreasing oscillatory wave, designed by software in the method for detecting partial discharge according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the partial discharge detection apparatus based on the abnormal-shape wave in the partial discharge detection method of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram of an overall model of a typical insulation defect sample of an electrical apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a side view of a copper electrode used in a medium insulation defect sample of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a copper electrode used in a medium insulation defect sample of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a pictorial view of a typical insulation defect sample used in the present invention;
fig. 13 is a circuit wiring diagram of the abnormal-shape wave distortion testing device of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an arbitrary signal generator a, 2, a high-voltage power amplifier a, 3, a high-frequency voltage divider a, 4, a Rogowski coil, 5, a data acquisition card, 6, a front micro signal amplifier, 7, a PC (personal computer), 8, an insulation defect sample and 9, protection impedance; 10. the high-voltage power supply comprises a transparent glass plate, 11 copper electrodes, 12 insulating defect materials, 13 plastic nut columns, 14 metal nut columns, 15 digital oscilloscopes, 16 arbitrary signal generators b and 17, high-voltage power supply amplifiers b and 18 and a high-frequency voltage divider b.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The utility model provides a partial discharge detection device based on abnormal shape ripples, as shown in fig. 8, including arbitrary signal generator a1, high voltage power amplifier a2, high frequency voltage divider a3, rogowski coil 4, data acquisition card 5 and leading small signal amplifier 6; the output end of any signal generator a1 is connected with the input end of a high-voltage power supply amplifier a2, the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a protective impedance 9, one end of the protective impedance 9 is used for being connected with the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2, the other end of the protective impedance 9 is used for being connected with one end of a detected insulation defect sample 8, and the other end of the insulation defect sample 8 is grounded; the other branch of the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2 is connected with a high-frequency voltage divider a 3; the input end of the high-frequency voltage divider a3 is connected with the high-voltage output end of a high-voltage power amplifier a2, and the high-voltage power amplifier a2, the high-frequency voltage divider a3 and the insulation defect sample 8 are grounded in a single point; the data acquisition card 5 is a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition card, the output end of the high-frequency voltage divider a3 and the output end of the preposed micro signal amplifier 6 are respectively connected to two input channels of the data acquisition card 5, the grounding wire of the insulation defect sample 8 is connected with the Rogowski coil 4, the output end of the Rogowski coil 4 is connected with the input end of the preposed micro signal amplifier 6, and the output end of the data acquisition card 5 is connected with the software end of the PC 7.
In the connection process of the partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal-shaped wave, an arbitrary signal generator a1, a PC (personal computer) 7, a preposed micro signal amplifier 6 and a data acquisition card 5 are arranged in the same space; the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2, the protective impedance 9, the high-frequency voltage divider a3, the insulation defect sample 8 and the Rogowski coil 4 are arranged in another space, so that the interference of the high-voltage power supply part to the partial discharge part is reduced. In addition, all the equipment needing grounding in the system adopts single-point grounding;
the working principle of the partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal-shaped wave is as follows: first, a profile wave suitable for software design is designed, and a designed profile wave voltage is output by using an arbitrary signal generator a 1. However, since the voltage signal outputted at this time is small and the insulation defect sample cannot be excited to cause partial discharge, the profile wave voltage is amplified by the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2 and applied to the insulation defect sample 8. In order to prevent the influence of the sample breakdown on the equipment and the noise interference of the high-voltage end to the partial discharge, a protective impedance 9 is connected between the insulation defect sample 8 and the high-voltage power supply amplifier a 2. Therefore, a high voltage profile voltage was applied to the insulation defect sample 8. Then, when the voltage of the abnormal wave rises to a certain degree, the sample can generate partial discharge, and at the moment, a pulse current signal can be generated in a loop. The rogowski coil 4 is used for detecting the signal, and the rogowski coil 4 has the functions of integration and calibration and can convert a current signal into a voltage signal, but the signal is extremely weak at the moment, so that the voltage signal is amplified by the preposed micro signal amplifier 6. The function of the pre-minute signal amplifier 6 is to amplify minute voltage signals. And finally, transmitting the voltage signal amplified by the preposed micro signal amplifier 6 to the data acquisition card 5, acquiring the voltage signal of partial discharge by the acquisition card 5 and transmitting the voltage signal to the PC 7, wherein the acquisition card software end of the PC 7 can display the partial discharge signal in real time and manually store the data for later data processing. In addition, in order to compare the relationship between the applied voltage and the partial discharge signal, the output of the high-voltage power amplifier a2 is connected with the high-frequency voltage divider a3, the applied voltage signal is transmitted to the data acquisition card 5 through the high-frequency voltage divider a3, then the partial discharge signal and the applied voltage signal of the insulation defect sample 8 are synchronously displayed in real time through the software end of the acquisition card of the PC 7, then the data is manually stored, and the information such as the discharge capacity and the discharge amplitude of the partial discharge can be obtained through data processing.
The model of any signal generator a1 is Tektronix AFG3051C, the bandwidth is 10MHz to 240MHz, the sampling rate can reach 2GS/s, the amplitude reaches 20Vp-p, and the signal generator has two outputs and provides functions equivalent to two signal generators.
The model of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2 is TREK 20/20A, the high-voltage power supply amplifier a has a fixed gain in-phase amplifier, the direct-current voltage gain is 2000V/V, the DC voltage gain precision is better than 0.1% of the full range, and the output noise is less than 1.5V rms.
The protective impedance 9 is an RC parallel circuit and is connected in series between the high-voltage end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2 and the insulation defect sample 8.
The model of the high-frequency voltage divider a3 is NVR60, the voltage signal acquisition range is as follows: 0-60 kV; pulse voltage: 0-120 kV, the frequency of the collected signal is 0-20MHz, the DC accuracy is 0.1% (0.06kV), the accuracy is 1% (1.2kV) when the frequency is 10 Hz-1 MHz, and the accuracy is 3% (3.6kV) when the frequency is more than 1 MHz.
The type of the Rogowski coil 4 (sensor) is Pearson6585, the current signal acquisition range is 0-500A, the precision is 1mA, and the signal frequency range is 400Hz-250 MHz; the current signal can be converted into a voltage signal through integrating and calibrating functions, and the voltage signal corresponds to the trigger signal in time.
The front micro signal amplifier 6 is an ATA-5510 single channel, a BNC input interface, an input resistor 50 omega, a BNC output interface, a maximum output voltage 2Vp-p, a voltage gain 46dB and an ultra-low noise power supply.
The model of the data acquisition card 5 is Hantai DSO3204, 4 paths of independent analog channels, 1GSa/s high-speed real-time sampling, 1mV-10V/DIV high input sensitivity and 250MHz high bandwidth.
Any signal generator a1 and the high-voltage power amplifier a2, the Rogowski coil 4 and the prepositive small signal amplifier 6, the prepositive small signal amplifier 6 and the multi-channel data acquisition card 5, and the high-frequency voltage divider a3 and the data acquisition card 5 are connected through BNC cables. The high-voltage power supply amplifier a2 and the protection impedance 9, the protection impedance 9 and the insulation defect sample 8, and the high-voltage power supply amplifier a2 and the high-frequency voltage divider a3 are connected by high-voltage cables. The whole test system adopts single-point grounding. The test circuit is adopted for carrying out simple partial discharge tests to test the stability of the abnormal-shaped wave and carrying out partial discharge tests under the abnormal-shaped wave to match the optimal abnormal-shaped wave for each insulation defect sample.
The partial discharge detection is performed by using the partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal-shape wave, as shown in fig. 2 to 8, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: preparing a typical insulation defect sample 8 of the power equipment, and building the partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal-shaped wave;
in the step 1, the laboratory conditions required when the special-shaped wave-based partial discharge detection device is built are as follows: the environment temperature is within the range of 20-25 ℃, and the environment humidity is between 45% and 50%;
in the step 1, the common insulation defect sample of the power equipment is made of XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), air gap defects, metal particle defects, burr defects and damp defects are selected, and a sandwich model is used for simulating the insulation defect sample. The whole insulation defect sample comprises an insulation defect material, two copper electrodes, two transparent glass plates, four plastic nut columns and two metal nut columns, and specifically comprises the following components: as shown in fig. 9, two transparent glass plates 10 distributed up and down are included, two copper electrodes 11 arranged up and down are arranged between the two transparent glass plates 10, an insulation defect material 12 is arranged between the two copper electrodes 11, four corners of the two transparent glass plates 10 are fixed through four plastic nut columns 13, the two copper electrodes 11 are respectively fixed with the two transparent glass plates 10 distributed up and down through metal nut columns 14, the copper electrodes 11 are made of brass with round-cornered cylinders, the diameter is set to be 25mm, the height is set to be 8mm, the round-cornered radius is set to be 2mm, as shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11, and threads matched with the metal nut columns 14 are respectively drilled on one surface of the copper electrodes 11. Four holes matched with the plastic nuts are respectively drilled at the four corners of the two transparent glass plates 10 which are distributed up and down, and a hole matched with the metal nut column is drilled at the center of the holes; the manufacturing parameters of the insulation defect material are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 XLPE Cylinder production parameters
(1) Preparation of insulation defect samples containing air gap defects: an XLPE # 1 cylinder was placed between two XLPE # 2 cylinders. Two transparent glass plates 10 are uniformly fixed between an upper copper electrode 11 and a lower copper electrode 11 and are used for simulating air gap defects contained in solid insulation;
(2) preparation of insulation defect samples containing metal particle defects: 5-8 copper scraps with the diameter of about 0.5mm are placed in the center position between two No. 2 XLPE cylinders, and two transparent glass plates 10 are uniformly fixed between an upper copper electrode 11 and a lower copper electrode 11 and are used for simulating the defect of metal-containing particles in insulation;
(3) preparation of insulation defect samples containing burr defects: 2-3 needle points with the curvature radius of 0.2mm and the length of 2mm are inserted into a No. 3 XLPE cylinder, and two transparent glass plates 10 are uniformly fixed between an upper copper electrode 11 and a lower copper electrode 11 and are used for simulating the defect of insulation containing burrs;
(4) preparation of insulation defect samples with moisture defects: and introducing water vapor into the sealed cube to keep the sealed cube in an environment with the temperature of about 16 ℃ and the humidity of more than 90%. The XLPE No. 3 specimen was placed in this environment for a long period of time to allow for repeated moisture permeation to ensure that the specimen remained wet during the test. XLPE cylinders in a damp state are uniformly fixed between an upper copper electrode 11 and a lower copper electrode 11 by using two transparent glass plates 10 to simulate insulation moisture defects.
Fig. 12 shows a physical diagram of the prepared sample.
Step 2: designing a special-shaped wave waveform through software ArbExpress Application, detecting and verifying the performance of the special-shaped wave, and storing all special-shaped waves which have passed verification and do not have distortion and can be stably used for partial discharge research;
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1: designing the wave form of the abnormal wave: designing a special-shaped wave function formula as follows:
or
Two types, where A is the oscillation amplitude, ω1To show the ratio, ω2In order to count the number of oscillations,
is the phase, t is the time.
Because the amplitude of the voltage of the abnormal-shape wave actually output by any signal generator mainly depends on the performance parameters of any type of generator, the oscillation amplitude A cannot adjust the amplitude of the voltage of the abnormal-shape wave actually output. Display ratio omega1The display scale of the whole special-shaped wave oscillogram on an output interface is shown, and different special-shaped waves can be output at different display ratios. E.g. ω1The wave pattern of the profile wave can only be displayed in half at 0.25
The output is an incremental oscillation waveform diagram. Number of oscillations ω2The number of oscillations of the profile wave is adjusted as the name suggests, and the number of oscillations of the actually output profile wave pattern is omega2+1. Phase position
Used for adjusting the initial phase of the special-shaped wave.
In addition, the software ArbExpress Application programming part needs to set the time range of the abnormal wave, namely the starting time t1End time t2By adjusting t1And t2And changing the starting time and the ending time of the special-shaped wave to ensure that the starting time of the wave is later than the zero point and the ending time is earlier than the end point. This facilitates data analysis studies after partial discharge studies have been completed。
The type of the special-shaped wave function and the parameters A and omega1、ω2、
t1、t2After the determination, the heterowaveform function formula and t are combined1And t2The waveform is input into ArbExpress Application software, and then the special-shaped wave waveform diagram can be output.
The following examples are given for simplicity. Firstly, the ArbExpress Application software is opened, and the editing interface of the abnormal wave waveform can be entered by clicking the equationeditor. Then, a function is selected and parameters are set. Where the function is selected to be
Setting parameter a 10, ω1＝0.5，φ＝0，ω 26. Namely, 10 × sin (0.5 × ω) cos (6 × ω) is input to the interface function input part (# Your equalization goes here). Next, the settings related to total range, number of points, and sampling rate are set in the settings sections in the bottom right hand corner of the editing interface. Here, the total range is a time range of the output waveform, and the total range is set to 1 ms. In order to make the start time of the output waveform later than the zero point, the end time is earlier than the end point. Setting t1＝0.05ms，t20.95 ms. I.e. starting at 0.05ms and ending at 0.95 ms. Finally, Range (0.05ms,0.95ms) is entered in the time Range portion (# Change the Range recording to yoursettings), as shown in FIG. 2. The results shown in fig. 3 can be output.
Different special-shaped waves can be obtained by arbitrarily adjusting a certain parameter, so that a plurality of special-shaped waves can be obtained by changing the parameter. And storing the plurality of waveform data into a USB flash disk, inserting the USB flash disk into a USB interface of any signal generator, opening the USB flash disk in any signal generator, selecting any special-shaped wave data, and clicking to introduce the special-shaped wave data, namely introducing the special-shaped wave into any signal generator. The frequency and the amplitude of the special-shaped wave can be adjusted at will according to the performance of any signal generator, and the output of any signal generator is clicked, so that the special-shaped wave voltage can be output through any signal generator. All the output heterowaves are classified into four types as shown in fig. 4-7:
symmetrical oscillation wave: by means of functions
And omega1Under the precondition of 0.5, a plurality of symmetrical oscillation waves can be obtained by changing the rest parameters.
Asymmetric oscillation wave: by means of functions
And omega1Under the precondition of 0.5, a plurality of asymmetrical oscillation waves can be obtained by changing the rest parameters.
Incremental oscillatory wave: omega is more than 01＜0.25，
Under the precondition of (1), a plurality of incremental oscillation waves can be obtained by changing the function type and the rest parameters.
Decreasing the oscillating wave: coordination parameter omega1And
the descending oscillating wave can be obtained, and then the function type and other parameters are changed to obtain a plurality of descending oscillating waves.
Step 2.2: and (3) checking the performance of the special-shaped wave waveform: before the plurality of special-shaped waves stored in the U disk in the step 2.1 are used for partial discharge research, the performance of all the special-shaped waves stored in the U disk needs to be tested, the special-shaped waves are tested to have no distortion, and the special-shaped waves can be stably used for the partial discharge research; detecting whether the abnormal-shaped wave is distorted by using an abnormal-shaped wave waveform distortion detection device, detecting the stability of the abnormal-shaped wave which is detected to be not distorted, and storing the abnormal-shaped wave which is detected to be stable to a U disk for later use;
fig. 13 shows a device for testing the waveform distortion of a non-conventional wave. The device comprises an arbitrary signal generator b16, a high-voltage power amplifier b17, a high-frequency voltage divider b18 and a digital oscilloscope 15 which are connected in sequence; the digital oscilloscope 15 is of the type TektronixTBS 1104; the VOLTAGE Output end of one channel of any signal generator b16 is connected with the input end of a high-VOLTAGE power amplifier b17, the VOLTAGE Output end of the other channel of any signal generator b16 is connected with the input end of one channel of the digital oscilloscope 15, the VOLTAGE Output end (VOLTAGE Output monitor connector) of the high-VOLTAGE power amplifier b17 after VOLTAGE division is connected with the input end of one channel of the digital oscilloscope 15, the high-VOLTAGE Output end of the high-VOLTAGE power amplifier b17 is connected with the input end of a high-frequency VOLTAGE divider b18, and the Output end of the high-frequency VOLTAGE divider b18 is connected with the input end of one channel of the digital oscilloscope 15. The high voltage power amplifier b17 and the high frequency divider b18 are single point grounded. The arbitrary signal generator b16 and the high-voltage power amplifier b17, the arbitrary signal generator b16 and the digital oscilloscope 15, the high-frequency voltage divider b18 and the digital oscilloscope 15, and the high-voltage power amplifier b17 and the digital oscilloscope 15 are all connected by BNC cables. The high-voltage power amplifier b17 is connected with the high-frequency voltage divider b18 through a high-voltage cable carried by the high-voltage power amplifier b 17. The waveforms displayed on the digital oscilloscope 15 are compared to determine whether there is distortion.
The method for judging whether the abnormal wave has distortion or not comprises the steps of outputting an abnormal wave voltage signal through an arbitrary signal generator b16, dividing the output of the arbitrary signal generator b16 into two branches, directly connecting one branch with a digital oscilloscope 15 to observe and obtain a signal ①, connecting the other branch with the input of a high-voltage power amplifier b17, amplifying the signal by the high-voltage power amplifier b17, dividing the signal by one branch through a high-voltage output to be connected with the input of a high-frequency voltage divider b18, dividing the voltage by the high-frequency voltage divider b18 to be connected with the input of the digital oscilloscope 15 to observe and obtain a signal ②, directly connecting the output of the high-voltage power amplifier b17 after voltage division to the digital oscilloscope 15 to observe and obtain a signal ③, comparing the signal ①②③ to analyze whether the waveform has distortion or not, and judging whether the waveform has distortion or not according to the standard that if ①②③ three waveforms and the frequency are completely consistent, only the amplitudes have differences according to the proportion, and the ratio of ①, ② and ③ voltage amplitudes is 5: 1.
The method for judging whether the abnormal-shaped wave can be stably used for the partial discharge experiment is as follows: all abnormal waves which pass the distortion performance verification are used for a simple partial discharge test, and a partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal waves is adopted to carry out the simple partial discharge test, so that the stability of the abnormal wave voltage is verified. The method of the simple partial discharge test is as follows: any sample containing insulation defects is fixed at the sample position of the partial discharge detection device based on the special-shaped wave. Then, a high voltage of a profile wave, which was checked to be free from distortion, is applied to the insulation defect sample in turn, and whether or not stable partial discharge can occur is observed at the acquisition card software side of the PC 7. The criteria for judging whether the stable partial discharge phenomenon occurs are: and generating partial discharge pulse signals in each special-shaped wave period, wherein the error between the number of the partial discharge pulses in each period is not more than 2. If stable partial discharge can occur, the abnormal wave can be stably used for the partial discharge experiment. Finally, all the special-shaped waves which are verified to be free of distortion and can be stably used for partial discharge research are stored in the USB flash disk.
And step 3: applying the abnormal-wave-based partial discharge detection device built in the step 1 and the undistorted and stable abnormal wave stored in the step 2 as the insulation defect sample 8 to perform abnormal-wave partial discharge experiment operation, and matching the abnormal wave with the optimal abnormal wave;
step 3.1: polishing and chamfering the insulation defect sample 8 prepared in the step 1; inserting the U disk which is provided with the distortionless and stable abnormal wave stored in the step 2.2 into a USB interface of a generator a1 with any model by applying the abnormal wave-based partial discharge detection device built in the step 1; discharging each metal end of the special-shaped wave-based partial discharge detection device built in the step 1;
step 3.2: fixing the insulation defect sample which is polished and chamfered in the step 3.1 at the sample position of the discharged partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal wave;
step 3.3: opening an arbitrary signal generator a1, and guiding one of the abnormal waves in the U disk into an arbitrary signal generator a 1;
step 3.4, opening a high-voltage power amplifier a2 and an acquisition card software end of the PC 7, observing data at the acquisition card software end of the PC 7, judging whether noise exists, if no noise exists, directly outputting a voltage signal of the abnormal wave introduced in the step 3.3 through any signal generator a1, if no noise exists, storing noise data at the acquisition card software end of the PC 7, outputting a voltage signal of the abnormal wave introduced in the step 3.3 through any signal generator a1, adjusting the output frequency of any signal generator a1 to power frequency 50Hz, simultaneously observing whether a discharge pulse signal appears at the acquisition card software end of the PC 7, if a discharge pulse signal appears, namely, partial discharge data and applied voltage data are stored at the acquisition card software end of the PC 7, if no discharge pulse signal appears, slowly increasing the amplitude of the output voltage through any signal generator a1 until a discharge pulse signal appears, storing the local discharge data amplitude and the external voltage amplitude of the external voltage frequency data at the acquisition card software end of the PC 7 and the local discharge pulse voltage amplitude of the abnormal wave at the acquisition card software end of the PC 7 are gradually increased, and the local discharge frequency of the abnormal wave output of the abnormal wave is increased when the abnormal voltage signal is a voltage of the abnormal wave generated, the abnormal wave is a voltage output voltage signal, the abnormal wave is gradually increased, the abnormal wave is gradually increased when the abnormal wave voltage amplitude of the abnormal wave output voltage is increased, the abnormal wave output voltage of the abnormal wave output voltage is increased when the abnormal wave is increased, the abnormal wave output voltage of the abnormal wave, the abnormal wave of the abnormal wave is increased, the abnormal wave output voltage of the abnormal wave, the abnormal wave output voltage of the abnormal wave of the abnormal;
step 3.5: all the special-shaped waves except the special-shaped wave selected in the step 3.3 and stored in the USB flash disk in the step 2.2 are adopted, and all the operations in the step 3.4 are carried out on the insulation defect sample;
step 3.6: and (3) comparing the partial discharge experimental data and the discharge phenomena under all the abnormal-shaped waves stored in the step (3.4) and the step (3.5), and applying the minimum amplitude to obtain the abnormal-shaped wave which enriches the partial discharge spectrogram, namely the optimal abnormal-shaped wave.
The method has the following advantages:
(1) the self oscillation amplitudes of the abnormal waves are different, partial noise signals can be filtered by applying the method, and the signal-to-noise ratio of partial discharge signals is improved;
(2) the special-shaped waves are pressurized once, so that multiple polarity conversions can be obtained to excite partial discharge, and the experimental time and process are shortened;
(3) compared with power frequency alternating voltage, the special-shaped wave has larger conversion slope, and can more easily excite the defect part to generate partial discharge, so that the partial discharge can be measured by applying lower voltage;
(4) because the pressurizing time is short and the applied voltage is small, the secondary damage to equipment is often small;
(5) the method solves the problems that when the existing pulse current method partial discharge detection technology is used for detecting typical insulation defect samples of the power equipment, the signal to noise ratio of detected signals is low, and information is not rich enough;
(6) the method is mainly used for researching the discharge amount and the discharge amplitude of the partial discharge detected in a laboratory.
The utility model discloses a partial discharge detection device based on abnormal shape ripples, including an arbitrary signal generator, realize the abnormal shape ripples voltage signal that stable output Arbexpress Application software edited; the high-voltage power supply amplifier is used for stably amplifying the small signals output by any signal generator; the protection impedance realizes the protection effect on the high-voltage power supply amplifier and the experimental circuit; the high-frequency voltage divider is used for dividing a high-voltage high-frequency abnormal wave voltage signal and is convenient for output display on the oscilloscope; a sensor (Rogowski coil) for detecting the partial discharge pulse current signal in the loop; the preposed micro signal amplifier is used for amplifying a micro pulse voltage signal; a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition card for realizing real-time acquisition of the amplified partial discharge pulse signals and the abnormal wave voltage signals applied to the sample; the PC is used for realizing the design of the abnormal-shaped wave, the real-time display of the collected partial discharge pulse signal and the applied abnormal-shaped wave voltage signal and the data processing in the later period; and when the abnormal wave is detected to be distorted, a digital oscilloscope is used to realize real-time accurate display of the signal.
The utility model firstly prepares a typical insulation defect sample of the power equipment and builds a partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal-shaped wave; then four types of special-shaped waves are designed, and the performances of the special-shaped waves are verified, including whether the special-shaped waves can generate distortion or not and whether the special-shaped waves can be stably used for partial discharge research or not; for an insulation defect sample, performing a partial discharge experiment by adopting all designed special-shaped waves with good verified performance, and recording experimental phenomena and experimental data; and finally, processing and comparing the experimental data, and determining an optimal abnormal wave and partial discharge data corresponding to the abnormal wave for the insulation defect sample. The method is based on the principle of measuring partial discharge by a pulse current method, and adopts the special-shaped wave to carry out partial discharge detection, so that the problem of a non-electrical measurement method is avoided, and meanwhile, the signal-to-noise ratio of a detected partial discharge signal and the information richness are improved due to the advantages of the special-shaped wave.
Claims (8)
1. A partial discharge detection device based on abnormal waves is characterized by comprising an arbitrary signal generator a (1), a high-voltage power amplifier a (2), a high-frequency voltage divider a (3), a Rogowski coil (4), a data acquisition card (5) and a preposed micro signal amplifier (6); the output end of the arbitrary signal generator a (1) is connected with the input end of a high-voltage power supply amplifier a (2), the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a (2) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a protection impedance (9), one end of the protection impedance (9) is used for being connected with the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a (2), the other end of the protection impedance (9) is used for being connected with one end of a detected insulation defect sample (8), and the other end of the insulation defect sample (8) is grounded; the other branch of the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power supply amplifier a (2) is connected with a high-frequency voltage divider a (3); the input end of the high-frequency voltage divider a (3) is connected with the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage power amplifier a (2), and the high-voltage power amplifier a (2), the high-frequency voltage divider a (3) and the insulation defect sample (8) are grounded in a single point; data acquisition card (5) are high-speed data acquisition card of multichannel, the output of high frequency divider a (3) and the output of leading small signal amplifier (6) are connected to two input channel wherein of data acquisition card (5) respectively, be connected with rogowski coil (4) on the earth wire of insulation defect sample (8), the output of rogowski coil (4) with the input of leading small signal amplifier (6) is connected, the output of data acquisition card (5) is connected with PC (7).
2. The partial discharge detection device based on the profiled wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the model of the arbitrary signal generator a (1) is Tektronix AFG 3051C.
3. The partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal-shape wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the model of the high-voltage power amplifier a (2) is TREK 20/20 a.
4. The abnormal-wave-based partial discharge detection device according to claim 1, wherein the protection impedance (9) is an RC parallel circuit.
5. The partial discharge detection device based on the profiled wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high frequency voltage divider a (3) is of NVR60 type, and the voltage signal acquisition range is, dc: 0-60 kV; pulse voltage: 0-120 kV, the frequency of the collected signal is 0-20MHz, the DC accuracy is 0.1%, the accuracy is 1% when the frequency is 10 Hz-1 MHz, and the accuracy is 3% when the frequency is more than 1 MHz.
6. The partial discharge detection device based on the abnormal-shape wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Rogowski coil (4) is of a Pearson6585 type, the current signal acquisition range is 0-500A, the accuracy is 1mA, and the signal frequency range is 400Hz-250 MHz.
7. The device for detecting partial discharge based on abnormal wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the type of the pre-amplifier (6) is ATA-5510, the pre-amplifier is a single channel, the BNC input interface is a BNC input resistor 50 Ω, the BNC output interface is a BNC output terminal, the maximum output voltage is 2Vp-p, the voltage gain is 46dB, and the power supply is ultra-low noise.
8. The abnormal-wave-based partial discharge detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the type of the data acquisition card (5) is DSO3204, and the data acquisition card has 4 independent analog channels, 1GSa/s high-speed real-time sampling, 1mV-10V/DIV high input sensitivity, and 250MHz high bandwidth.
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| CN110146790B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2021-01-26 | 西安工程大学 | Special-shaped wave detection device and method for partial discharge |
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