Background
In the known inertial navigation equipment, the star sensor is used as a measuring instrument with the highest measuring precision, and the measuring precision can reach a sub-second level or even higher. The star sensor adopts an optical system to detect the stellar optical signals with stable distribution of the position and the spectrum in the space, so that the measurement precision does not drift along with time, and stable three-axis attitude angle information output is provided for the long-time high-precision flight of the aerospace craft, thereby being widely applied to the field of high-precision autonomous navigation.
The star sensor optical system is used as a core device of the star sensor and is a key component for realizing high-signal-to-noise ratio constant star spectral energy collection and high-precision star centroid position detection by the star sensor. The object detected by the star sensor optical system is a fixed star with weak energy and wide spectral distribution, and belongs to point target detection. In order to realize sub-pixel subdivision and improve the star position measurement precision, the star light energy needs to be dispersed to 2 x 2 pixels to 5 x 5 pixels for subsequent electronics to carry out subdivision processing so as to achieve the centroid measurement precision of the sub-pixels.
The main parameters of the star sensor optical system comprise focal length, field of view, relative aperture, imaging spectrum, single star measurement accuracy and the like. The focal length of the star sensor optical system is inversely proportional to the single star measurement precision, and the longer the focal length is, the higher the measurement precision is. The focal length of the optical system of the current mainstream star sensor is generally not more than 50mm, most of the focal length is concentrated in the range of 20 mm-30 mm, the detection view field is larger, the detection spectrum range is generally not more than 300nm, the measurement precision of a single star is not high, and the detection capability of the fixed star is limited. In order to pursue higher star detection accuracy, the adoption of a long-focus optical system is an effective means. With the development of the technologies in the fields of high-resolution earth stereo mapping cameras, space astronomical observation telescopes, space guidance weapon systems and the like, the requirements on the star sensor with the sub-second level or even higher precision are provided, and the key performances of high-precision earth positioning, long-time image-stabilized observation or autonomous navigation of flight attitude during long voyage and the like of an application system are met. The core technology is that a long-focus star sensor optical system is adopted to improve the single-pixel resolution, and then a subdivision algorithm is adopted to further improve the accuracy of the centroid resolution. When the focal length of the star sensor optical system is close to or reaches a meter level, the pure transmission optical system is long in system size, secondary spectrum aberration under a broad spectrum is difficult to correct, collection of a broad-spectrum constellational optical signal cannot be achieved, and application requirements of a space platform cannot be met in terms of both size and performance.
Further research finds that the adoption of the coaxial catadioptric optical system can effectively solve the design contradiction and realize the design of high image quality and light and small size; however, due to the shielding of the secondary reflector, the central blocking is caused, and the diffraction energy of the central Airy spots is transferred to the secondary peak, so that the energy concentration performance is reduced. On the premise that the relative apertures are consistent, even if the optical system reaches the diffraction limit image quality, the optical system with the obscuration cannot reach the same constantlight signal gathering capacity as the optical system without the obscuration, so that the performance of the optical system of the star sensor is reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that the type will be solved is: the center obscuration of the existing star sensor optical system causes the energy concentration to be reduced.
The utility model provides a miniaturized long focus star sensor optical system of high accuracy adopts the catadioptric type structural style of aperture off-axis, has improved the energy concentration performance of surveying the constellations light signal.
The utility model provides a solution of its technical problem is:
a high-precision miniaturized long-focus star sensor optical system comprises a reflector group, a lens group and an image surface, wherein the reflector group comprises a main reflector and a secondary reflector, the lens group comprises a first lens and a second lens which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the reflecting surfaces of the main reflector and the secondary reflector are opposite, and an aperture diaphragm is arranged on the front surface, facing a light source, of the main reflector; the first lens is a meniscus negative focal power lens, and the second lens is a meniscus positive focal power lens; the lens group is positioned below the main reflecting mirror;
the incident light beam is emitted to the secondary reflector after being emitted to the main reflector, the light beam is reflected on the secondary reflector again, and the reflected light of the secondary reflector forms an image on an image surface after passing through the first lens and the second lens in sequence;
the distance between the center of the aperture diaphragm and the optical axis of the optical system is an off-axis amount h, the aperture of the entrance pupil of the optical system is D, the half field angle of the optical system is omega, the distance between the main reflector and the secondary reflector along the optical axis direction of the optical system is L1, and the height difference between the upper edge light of the secondary reflector and the optical axis of the optical system is hA2Then h, D, ω, L1 and hA2Satisfies the following conditions:
5mm≤h-[D/2+L1*tan(ω)+hA2]≤35mm。
the utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a long focal distance star sensor optical system's size has effectively been shortened to aperture off-axis catadioptric formula structural style, has solved the center that coaxial catadioptric formula system arouses and has blocked the problem, has improved the energy concentration performance of surveying the constellations light signal, realizes light small-size design simultaneously.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the primary reflector is a concave reflector, and the surface shape is a paraboloid, and the secondary reflector is a convex reflector, and the surface shape is a hyperboloid.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a quadratic term coefficient K of the secondary mirror satisfies:
-4.7≤K≤-2.1。
as a further improvement of the above technical solution, the surface shapes of the first lens and the second lens are both spherical surface shapes.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the combined focal power of the reflecting mirrors is
The optical system has an optical power of
Then:
as the above-mentioned skillIn a further development of the solution, the combined focal power of the lens group is
The optical system has an optical power of
Then:
in order to reduce the processing and manufacturing cost of the optical system and obtain a design scheme with high cost performance, a main reflecting mirror of the optical system adopts a paraboloid surface type, a secondary reflecting mirror adopts a secondary hyperboloid surface type, and the complexity of manufacturing the detection tool and building the detection light path is low.
When the optical system works, the stellar optical signals are gathered through the main reflector and the secondary reflector, and the reflector group bears the main focal power of the optical system. Because the main reflector is a paraboloid surface type, the generated spherical aberration is small, and coma aberration caused by the field of view is balanced through the secondary reflector. The combined focal power of the rear set of double-separation lenses is close to zero, thereby avoiding generating a large amount of chromatic aberration and correcting residual astigmatism, field curvature and distortion aberration.
The utility model discloses optical system focal power distribution is reasonable, and the primary reflector adopts paraboloid face type, and secondary reflector adopts hyperboloid face type, has avoided adopting the processing that high-order aspheric surface face type arouses and has examined the utensil when detecting and make and build the complexity that detects the light path, reduces the processing degree of difficulty and the dress and transfers the degree of difficulty, is favorable to improving long focus star sensor optical system's manufacturability and assembly yield.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, if the total length of the optical system is L and the focal length of the optical system is f, the following requirements are satisfied:
L/f≤0.32。
as a further improvement of the technical proposal, the curvature radius of the main reflector is-597.5 mm, and the aperture of the light-passing aperture is
The curvature radius of the secondary reflector is-255.9 mm, and the aperture of the light transmission aperture is
The curvature radius of the front surface of the first lens is 54.3mm, the curvature radius of the rear surface of the first lens is 35.6mm, the center thickness of the first lens is 15mm, and the aperture of the light transmission aperture is
The curvature radius of the front surface of the second lens is-771.6 mm, the curvature radius of the rear surface of the second lens is-75.2 mm, the center thickness of the second lens is 8mm, and the aperture of the second lens is
The utility model discloses optical system adopts the catadioptric optical system structural style based on aperture off-axis, has avoided adopting pure transmission optical system to be difficult to rectify wide spectrum chromatic aberration under the long focal length design condition especially the difficult problem of second grade spectrum, can obtain optical system length and far be less than the design result of focal length; the problem that a coaxial catadioptric optical system generates central blocking is also avoided, and the energy concentration performance is improved.
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, a high-precision miniaturized long-focus star sensor optical system includes a mirror group, a lens group and an image plane, where the mirror group includes a primary mirror and a secondary mirror 200, the lens group includes a first lens 300 and a second lens which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the reflecting surfaces of the primary mirror 100 and the secondary mirror 200 are opposite, and an aperture stop is arranged on the front surface of the primary mirror 100 facing a light source; the first lens 300 is a meniscus negative power lens, and the second lens is a meniscus positive power lens; the lens group is located below the main mirror 100;
the incident light beam is emitted to the secondary reflector 200 after being emitted to the main reflector 100, the light beam is reflected on the secondary reflector 200 again, and the reflected light of the secondary reflector 200 forms an image on an image surface after passing through the first lens 300 and the second lens in sequence;
the distance between the center of the aperture stop 500 and the optical axis of the optical system is an off-axis amount h, the aperture of the entrance pupil of the optical system is D, the half field angle of the optical system is ω, the distance between the primary mirror 100 and the secondary mirror 200 along the optical axis direction of the optical system is L1, and the height difference between the upper edge ray of the secondary mirror 200 and the optical axis of the optical systemIs hA2Then h, D, ω, L1 and hA2Satisfies the following conditions:
5mm≤h-[D/2+L1*tan(ω)+hA2]≤35mm。
referring to fig. 1, O in the drawing is an optical axis of the optical system.
In order to avoid blocking light rays, the key is to reasonably select and design the aperture off-axis amount of the optical system, on the one hand, the height of the light rays on the secondary reflector 200 is reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the compact design of the optical system, and on the other hand, the distance between the center of the aperture diaphragm 500 and the optical axis, namely the off-axis amount, ensures that the path of the light rays before reaching the primary reflector 100 cannot be overlapped with the secondary reflector 200; in addition, the distance between the lens group and the secondary reflector 200 should not be too large, otherwise the difficulty of optical aberration correction is large, and the amount of the optical system perpendicular to the optical axis is also large.
The utility model discloses a long focal distance star sensor optical system's size has effectively been shortened to aperture off-axis catadioptric formula structural style, has solved the center that coaxial catadioptric formula system arouses and has blocked the problem, has improved the energy concentration performance of surveying the constellations light signal, realizes light small-size design simultaneously.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the primary mirror 100 is a concave mirror and the surface shape is a paraboloid, and the secondary mirror 200 is a convex mirror and the surface shape is a hyperboloid.
Further preferably, the coefficient K of the quadratic term of the secondary mirror 200 satisfies:
-4.7≤K≤-2.1。
in a further preferred embodiment, the first lens 300 and the second lens have spherical surface shapes.
Further preferably, the combined focal power of the reflectors is
The optical system has an optical power of
Then satisfy:
Further preferably, the combined power of the lens group is
The optical system has an optical power of
Then:
in order to reduce the processing and manufacturing cost of the optical system and obtain a design scheme with high cost performance, the main reflector 100 of the optical system adopts a paraboloid surface type, the secondary reflector adopts a secondary hyperboloid surface type, and the complexity of manufacturing the detection tool and building the detection light path is low.
In operation, the stellar optical signal is collected by the primary mirror 100 and the secondary mirror 200, which assume the main focal power of the optical system. Since the primary mirror 100 is a parabolic surface, the generated spherical aberration is small, and coma caused by the field of view is balanced by the secondary mirror 200. The combined focal power of the rear set of double-separation lenses is close to zero, thereby avoiding generating a large amount of chromatic aberration and correcting residual astigmatism, field curvature and distortion aberration.
The utility model discloses optical system focal power distribution is reasonable, and primary mirror 100 adopts paraboloid face type, and secondary mirror 200 adopts hyperboloid face type, has avoided adopting the processing that high-order aspheric surface face type arouses and has examined the utensil when detecting and make and build the complexity that detects the light path, reduces the processing degree of difficulty and the dress and transfers the degree of difficulty, is favorable to improving long focus star sensor optical system's manufacturability and assembly yield.
In a further preferred embodiment, if the total length of the optical system is L and the focal length of the optical system is f, the following conditions are satisfied:
L/f≤0.32。
the total length of the optical system is the distance from the front surface of the sub-mirror 200 to the image plane.
Further preferably, the curvature radius of the
main mirror 100 is-597.5 mm, and the clear aperture is
The curvature radius of the
secondary reflector 200 is-255.9 mm, and the aperture of the light transmission aperture is
The curvature radius of the front surface of the
first lens 300 is 54.3mm, the curvature radius of the rear surface of the first lens is 35.6mm, the center thickness of the first lens is 15mm, and the aperture of the light transmission aperture is
The curvature radius of the front surface of the second lens is-771.6 mm, the curvature radius of the rear surface of the second lens is-75.2 mm, the center thickness of the second lens is 8mm, and the aperture of the second lens is
The utility model discloses optical system adopts the catadioptric optical system structural style based on aperture off-axis, has avoided adopting pure transmission optical system to be difficult to rectify wide spectrum chromatic aberration under the long focal length design condition especially the difficult problem of second grade spectrum, can obtain optical system length and far be less than the design result of focal length; the problem that a coaxial catadioptric optical system generates central blocking is also avoided, and the energy concentration performance is improved.
The distance between the front surface of the primary mirror 100 and the rear surface of the secondary mirror 200 is 215 mm; the distance from the rear surface of the sub-reflector 200 to the front surface of the first lens 300 is 170.1 mm; the distance from the rear surface of the first lens 300 to the front surface of the second lens is 4.3mm, and the distance from the rear surface of the second lens to the image plane is 48.9 mm.
The specific parameters of the optical system of the present embodiment are:
the focal length is 800 mm; the diameter of the entrance pupil is
The field angle is 1.7 degrees; the spectral range is 550 nm-1100 nm; the image quality is close to the diffraction limit, and the MTF of the full-field average transfer function is better than 0.37@50 lp/mm; the total length of the optical system (the distance from the front surface of the sub-mirror 200 to the image plane) is 246.3mm, and the ratio of the total length to the focal length is 0.31.
The utility model discloses optical system when matching the cmos detector that the pixel size is 5.5 mu m, single pixel resolution precision reaches 1.38 ".
The utility model discloses realize that the focus is close to star sensor optical system design of meter level, optical element is small in quantity, and spatial layout is compact, and the optical system focus reaches 800mm, and spectral range 550nm ~ 1100nm, the detection precision is high, solves long focus star sensor optical system and can't realize the difficult problem of light small-size and high accuracy simultaneously in the design.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 represents the energy concentration curve comparison results of the optical system with and without central obscuration when the relative aperture is consistent and the image quality of the optical system reaches the diffraction limit. When the relative aperture is F/10.6 and the obscuration ratio (the ratio of the area of the blocked light spot to the area of the entrance pupil at the position of the entrance pupil) is 16% as a typical value, P1 is the unobstructed energy concentration curve and P2 is the obstructed energy concentration curve. It can be seen that, in the case of a barrier,
the energy concentration in the diameter range reaches 73.5 percent; under the condition of no blocking, the device can be used,
the energy concentration in the diameter range reaches 86.5%, and the energy concentration performance is improved by more than 17.7% compared with that under the condition of shielding.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 represents the optical transfer function curve distribution of the whole optical system in the example of the present invention, the average optical transfer function value of the optical system reaches 0.37 or more at 50lp/mm, and the imaging quality is excellent.
Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 characterizes the present embodimentWith the energy concentration profile of the optical system in the novel embodiment, except for the edge field of view
The energy concentration ratio in the range reaches more than 80%, and the stellar optical signals are well gathered.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown, but is capable of various modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention.