CN102866487A - Coaxial four-reflector ultra-low distortion optical system - Google Patents
Coaxial four-reflector ultra-low distortion optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102866487A CN102866487A CN2012103343288A CN201210334328A CN102866487A CN 102866487 A CN102866487 A CN 102866487A CN 2012103343288 A CN2012103343288 A CN 2012103343288A CN 201210334328 A CN201210334328 A CN 201210334328A CN 102866487 A CN102866487 A CN 102866487A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coaxial four-reflector ultra-low distortion optical system, which comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a third mirror, a fourth mirror, a plane mirror and a receiving image plane, wherein optical axes of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror, the fourth mirror and the plane mirror are in a same straight line; the plane mirror is located between the third mirror and the fourth mirror; the primary mirror and the secondary mirror constitute a classical R-C system and form a primary real image, which continues imaging when passing through the third mirror and the fourth mirror and deflects to the receiving image plane through the plane mirror; the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the third mirror constitute a coaxial TMA system and assume most of focal power; the fourth mirror assumes smaller part of focal power, accounting for 10-20% of the total focal power, in the imaging of the optical system; and an aperture diaphragm of the optical system is located on the primary mirror and the fourth mirror is placed at an exit pupil of the system. The optical system of the invention can be used to realize high image quality, low distortion and high stability and greatly reduce the processing difficulty of a large-aperture primary mirror and is suitable for high-precision satellite-borne stereo mapping cameras.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the space flight optical remote sensor technical field, relate to a kind of ultra-low distortion High Precision Stereo mapping imaging optical system that is applicable to spaceborne space to ground, particularly relate to a kind of coaxial four and surpass in reverse low distortion optical system.
Background technology
Along with the development of space optical remote technology, require also increasingly stringent for the optical system of mapping camera.
The cartographic satellite main task is to carry the imaging sensor that satisfies the stereoscopic photograph requirement earth surface is carried out stereoscopic photograph, obtain the multidimensional image data of atural object, utilize the mapping treatment technology that view data is processed, Accurate Measurement landforms, atural object shape, size, attribute and spatial positional information, yet the distortion size of optical system is determining the geometric positioning accuracy of view data, directly affects the final mapping precision of image.
There are in the world at present a plurality of countries to succeed in sending up tridimensional mapping camera, wherein the panchromatic remote sensing instrument of stereo mapping (PRISM) on the three-linear array CCD mapping camera MEOSS of the CCD tridimensional mapping camera on the more representational IKONOS-2 that includes the U.S., Germany, the Japan development ALOS satellite.The CCD tridimensional mapping camera on the IKONOS-2 of the U.S. wherein, focal length is 10m, and ground resolution reaches 1m and adopts coaxial three mirrors astigmatism (TMA) the optical system structure pattern that disappears, and primary and secondary, three mirrors all adopt the aspheric surface design; The single-lens three-linear array CCD mapping camera (MEOSS) of Germany, focal length only is 61.6mm, adopts the transmission-type structural shape, the ground pixel resolution only is 52m * 80m; It is that focal length is 2m, pixel resolution 2.5m from the disappear system architecture of astigmatism (TMA) of axle three mirrors that tridimensional mapping camera on Japan's ALOS satellite adopts optical system.
The optical system pattern of the tridimensional mapping camera that has succeeded in sending up at present has transmission-type system, off-axis reflection three mirror anastigmatic systems and coaxial reflective three mirror anastigmatic systems.For long-focus high resolving power tridimensional mapping camera, the transmission-type system can't adopt owing to the restriction of scantling and characteristic thereof.Therefore the optical system form of high-resolution stereo mapping employing mainly is confined to off-axis reflection three mirror anastigmatic systems and coaxial reflective three mirror anastigmatic systems at present.Wherein the difficulty of processing of off-axis reflection system mirror is very big, catoptron is processed, is detected and debug all and can not use conventional methods, the tangential meridian distortion of optical design is difficult to control, the systems engineering difficulty is large, accuracy of temperature control is difficult to guarantee, especially is not suitable for the optical system of agile tridimensional mapping camera.Although and coaxial reflective three mirror anastigmatic system systems engineerings realization property is good, is easy to realize high precision temperature control, can't realize large visual field, systematical distortion is difficult to eliminate.At present success coaxial reflective three mirrors of employing in orbit disappear the tridimensional mapping camera optical system distortion of astigmatism structural shape all greater than one of percentage magnitude, the absolute distortion value is very large when adopting the long-line array detector, later stage is revised difficulty, is difficult to satisfy the growth requirement of following mapping camera.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, provide coaxial four to surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, be applicable to the spaceborne tridimensional mapping camera of high precision, can realize high picture element, ultra-low distortion and high stability, and can greatly reduce the difficulty of processing of heavy caliber primary mirror.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention mainly is achieved by following technical solution:
Coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, comprise primary mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors, four mirrors, plane mirror and reception image planes, wherein the optical axis of primary mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors, four mirrors and plane mirror is on same straight line, plane mirror is between three mirrors and four mirrors, primary mirror and secondary mirror consist of classical R-C system, and form real image one time, one time real image is also turned back to receiving the image planes place by plane mirror (5) through three mirrors, four mirror relay imagings; Primary mirror, secondary mirror and three mirrors consist of coaxial TMA system and bear most focal powers, and four mirrors are born less focal power in optical system imaging, and the focal power of bearing accounts for the 10-20% of total focal power; The optical system aperture diaphragm is positioned on the primary mirror, and four mirrors place place, system exit pupil position.
Surpass in reverse in the low distortion optical system above-mentioned coaxial four, the material of primary mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors and four mirrors is silit, devitrified glass or fused quartz.
Surpass in reverse in the low distortion optical system above-mentioned coaxial four, the reflecting surface of primary mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors and four mirrors is coated with the metal high reflectance reflectance coating of aluminium or ag material.
Surpass in reverse in the low distortion optical system above-mentioned coaxial four, receiving image planes is line array CCD or TDICCD detector receiving plane.
Surpass in reverse in the low distortion optical system above-mentioned coaxial four, the quadratic term coefficient of primary mirror and three mirrors is that the quadratic term coefficient of-1.5～0, four mirrors is greater than-10.
Surpass in reverse in the low distortion optical system above-mentioned coaxial four, plane mirror is between three mirrors and four mirrors, and distance four mirror 280-370mm positions.
Surpass in reverse in the low distortion optical system above-mentioned coaxial four, primary mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors, four mirror type are non-spherical reflector, and wherein the primary mirror type is approximate parabolic, and four mirror type are the little aspherical degree hyperboloid with large quadratic term coefficient.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention introduces large asphericity coefficient four mirrors of little focal power on the basis of coaxial TMA optical system, four mirrors are positioned near system's emergent pupil, asphericity coefficient corrective system pupil aberration by four mirrors, make system realize ultra-low distortion, distortion value only is 3/1000000ths, volume is about 1/2 of similar index off axis reflector system, and this long-focus, the coaxial four-reflecting optical system of ultra-low distortion are fairly obvious as High Precision Stereo mapping camera optical system advantage.
(2) among the present invention owing to adopted coaxial four non-spherical reflectors and a plane mirror, mechanical-optical setup is compact, so that the structural stability of system is higher, moment of inertia is less, be easy to realize high-precision temperature and point to control, one-piece construction is compacter, and is very favourable for spaceborne long-focus high resolving power tridimensional mapping camera.
(3) the present invention is owing to the entrance pupil of system is positioned on the primary mirror, make four mirrors be positioned at the exit pupil position by light path folding, asphericity coefficient with less four mirrors of bore comes corrective system pupil aberration, primary mirror can use paraboloidal mirror, can greatly reduce like this requirement of the aspherical degree of heavy caliber primary mirror, reduce the primary mirror difficulty of processing; When greatly saving cost, reduce the lead time of camera.
(4) among the present invention owing to there is intermediary image, field stop and interior light shield can be set in the intermediary image position, thereby effectively eliminate veiling glare outside the visual field, reduce the requirement of external light shield length.
(5) the present invention has carried out further optimal design to face shape, structure and the material of primary mirror, secondary mirror, three mirrors and four mirrors, has greatly improved picture element and the Iimaging Stability of optical system, and has realized the ultra-low distortion of optical system.
(6) optical system of the present invention have the distortion low, mechanical-optical setup is compact, volume is little, lightweight, elements of interior orientation degree of stability advantages of higher, Reasonable Arrangement by multi-thread array camera, can realize the stable mapping function of the higher proportion chi of object scene landform, landforms is specially adapted to spaceborne High Precision Stereo mapping camera.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of optical system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is based on the MTF curve map of the follow-on ultra-low distortion optical system of coaxial TMA in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the optical system distortion grid figure in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
The spectral coverage of working in the embodiment of the invention is 0.5～0.9 μ m, entrance pupil bore 625mm, optical system focal length 10m, 1.5 ° of full visual fields, the overall length 1158mm of system.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the structural drawing of optical system of the present invention, optical system of the present invention comprises as seen from the figure: primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, three mirrors 3, four mirrors 4, plane mirror 5 and reception image planes 6.The optical axis of primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, three mirrors 3, four mirrors 4 and plane mirror 5 is on same straight line, for coaxial.Primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2 consists of classical R-C system, and forms 7, real images 7 of a real image and turn back to through three mirrors 3, four mirrors, 4 relay imagings and through plane mirror 5 and receive image planes 6.Plane mirror 5 position on the upper side between three mirrors 3 and four mirrors 4 wherein, and and the distance between four mirrors 4 is 280-370mm, its effect is the compression light path, purpose is the rational deployment that reduces the optical system structure size and realize image planes, and the distance of present embodiment midplane catoptron 5 distances four mirrors 4 is 334mm.
Receiving image planes 6 is line array CCD or TDICCD detector receiving plane.Primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, three mirrors 3,4 types of four mirrors are aspheric surface, wherein 1 type of primary mirror is approximate parabolic, and 4 types of four mirrors are the little aspherical degree hyperboloid with large quadratic term coefficient, and the material of primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, three mirrors 3, four mirrors 4 is silit, or devitrified glass, or fused quartz.And be coated with the metal high reflectance reflectance coating of aluminium or ag material on the reflecting surface of primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, three mirrors 3 and four mirrors 4.
Optical system aperture diaphragm of the present invention is positioned on the primary mirror 1, four mirrors 4 place place, system exit pupil position, primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2 and three mirrors 3 consist of coaxial TMA system and bear most focal powers, four mirrors 4 are born less focal power in optical system imaging, the focal power of bearing accounts for the 10-20% of total focal power.The quadratic term coefficient of primary mirror 1 and three mirrors 3 is that the quadratic term coefficient of-1.5～0, four mirrors 4 is greater than-10.
Because asphericity coefficient is larger, its face type difficulty of processing is also just larger, therefore the present invention places the entrance pupil of system on the primary mirror 1, by light path folding four mirrors 4 are positioned on the emergent pupil, the benefit of doing like this is to utilize the asphericity coefficient of small-bore four mirrors 4 to proofread and correct the system pupil aberration, thereby be-1 paraboloidal mirror so that primary mirror can use aspheric surface quadratic term coefficient, when so greatly reducing the primary mirror difficulty of processing owing to introduce the more degree of freedom of optimizing so that the optical system picture element is good, thereby when guaranteeing high imaging quality, realize ultra-low distortion.As Fig. 2 be in the example of the present invention based on the MTF curve map of the follow-on ultra-low distortion optical system of coaxial TMA, the MTF curve can find out that as shown in Figure 2 the MTF curve overlaps with diffraction limit.
Optical system of the present invention have the distortion low, mechanical-optical setup is compact, volume is little, lightweight, elements of interior orientation degree of stability advantages of higher, Reasonable Arrangement by multi-thread array camera, can realize the stable mapping function to the higher proportion chi of object scene landform, landforms, be specially adapted to the optical system of spaceborne High Precision Stereo mapping camera.
The above; only be the embodiment of the best of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
The content that is not described in detail in the instructions of the present invention belongs to this area professional and technical personnel's known technology.
Claims (7)
1. coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, it is characterized in that: comprise primary mirror (1), secondary mirror (2), three mirrors (3), four mirrors (4), plane mirror (5) and reception image planes (6), primary mirror (1) wherein, secondary mirror (2), three mirrors (3), the optical axis of four mirrors (4) and plane mirror (5) is on same straight line, plane mirror (5) is positioned between three mirrors (3) and four mirrors (4), primary mirror (1) and the classical R-C of secondary mirror (2) formation system, and forming a real image (7), a real image (7) is through three mirrors (3), four mirrors (4) relay imaging is also turned back by plane mirror (5) and is located to receiving image planes (6); Primary mirror (1), secondary mirror (2) and three mirrors (3) consist of coaxial TMA system and bear most focal powers, and four mirrors (4) are born less focal power in optical system imaging, and the focal power of bearing accounts for the 10-20% of total focal power; The optical system aperture diaphragm is positioned on the primary mirror (1), and four mirrors (4) place place, system exit pupil position.
2. according to claim 1 coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, it is characterized in that: the material of described primary mirror (1), secondary mirror (2), three mirrors (3) and four mirrors (4) is silit, devitrified glass or fused quartz.
3. according to claim 1 coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, it is characterized in that: the reflecting surface of described primary mirror (1), secondary mirror (2), three mirrors (3) and four mirrors (4) is coated with the metal high reflectance reflectance coating of aluminium or ag material.
4. according to claim 1 coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, it is characterized in that: described reception image planes (6) are line array CCD or TDICCD detector receiving plane.
5. according to claim 1 coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, it is characterized in that: the quadratic term coefficient of described primary mirror (1) and three mirrors (3) is that the quadratic term coefficient of-1.5～0, four mirrors (4) is greater than-10.
6. according to claim 1 coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, it is characterized in that: described plane mirror (5) is positioned between three mirrors (3) and four mirrors (4), and distance four mirrors (4) 280-370mm position.
7. according to claim 1 coaxial four surpass in reverse low distortion optical system, it is characterized in that: described primary mirror (1), secondary mirror (2), three mirrors (3), four mirrors (4) face type are non-spherical reflector, wherein primary mirror (1) face type is approximate parabolic, and four mirrors (4) face type is the little aspherical degree hyperboloid with large quadratic term coefficient.
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103345062A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-10-09 | 北京空间机电研究所 | High resolution stereo mapping and reconnaissance integrated camera optical system |
| CN103969815A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Small lightweight long-focus distortion elimination coaxial total-reflection space camera optical system |
| CN104296729A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Common optical path system of two-linear-array space surveying and mapping camera and laser altimeter |
| CN104735321A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Optical bidirectional scanning system of space TDICCD remote sensor |
| CN104296729B (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Two linear array space mapping cameras and laser altimeter light path system altogether |
| CN106644412A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 上海镭昊光电股份有限公司 | Multispectral reflection type collimator |
| DE102016100478A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Jena-Optronik Gmbh | Camera for a spacecraft |
| CN107966804A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-04-27 | 苏州大学 | Four speculum telephotolens of compact long-focus |
| CN109283671A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-29 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of quasi-coaxial five reflecting optical system of the low distortion of light and small-sized big angular field |
| CN111123503A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-08 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Coaxial four-mirror catadioptric low-distortion telescopic optical system |
| CN111367067A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Total reflection type afocal optical system |
| CN112596095A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-04-02 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Satellite-borne multi-probe ionosphere imager device |
| CN113568151A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-29 | 西安航空学院 | Large-caliber splicing primary mirror optical system for realizing high resolution |
| US11320637B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2022-05-03 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| US11579430B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-02-14 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor, multispectral 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| US11668915B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-06-06 | Youngwan Choi | Dioptric telescope for high resolution imaging in visible and infrared bands |
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Cited By (23)
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| CN103345062A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-10-09 | 北京空间机电研究所 | High resolution stereo mapping and reconnaissance integrated camera optical system |
| CN103345062B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-03-18 | 北京空间机电研究所 | High resolution stereo mapping and reconnaissance integrated camera optical system |
| CN103969815A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Small lightweight long-focus distortion elimination coaxial total-reflection space camera optical system |
| CN104296729A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Common optical path system of two-linear-array space surveying and mapping camera and laser altimeter |
| CN104296729B (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Two linear array space mapping cameras and laser altimeter light path system altogether |
| CN104735321A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Optical bidirectional scanning system of space TDICCD remote sensor |
| CN104735321B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-08-29 | 北京空间机电研究所 | A kind of space TDICCD remote sensors optical bi-directional scanning system |
| DE102016100478A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Jena-Optronik Gmbh | Camera for a spacecraft |
| DE102016100478B4 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-11-16 | Jena-Optronik Gmbh | Camera for a spacecraft |
| CN106644412A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 上海镭昊光电股份有限公司 | Multispectral reflection type collimator |
| CN107966804A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-04-27 | 苏州大学 | Four speculum telephotolens of compact long-focus |
| CN109283671A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-29 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of quasi-coaxial five reflecting optical system of the low distortion of light and small-sized big angular field |
| CN109283671B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-01-07 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Light small-sized large-view-field low-distortion coaxial five-mirror optical system |
| CN111367067A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Total reflection type afocal optical system |
| CN111367067B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-12-11 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Total reflection type afocal optical system |
| US11320637B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2022-05-03 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| US11579430B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-02-14 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor, multispectral 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| US11668915B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-06-06 | Youngwan Choi | Dioptric telescope for high resolution imaging in visible and infrared bands |
| CN111123503A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-08 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Coaxial four-mirror catadioptric low-distortion telescopic optical system |
| CN111123503B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-09-12 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Coaxial four-mirror refraction-reflection type low-distortion telescopic optical system |
| CN112596095A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-04-02 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Satellite-borne multi-probe ionosphere imager device |
| CN112596095B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-02-22 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Satellite-borne multi-probe ionosphere imager device |
| CN113568151A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-29 | 西安航空学院 | Large-caliber splicing primary mirror optical system for realizing high resolution |
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