CN210324791U - Mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic wave - Google Patents
Mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN210324791U CN210324791U CN201821579196.4U CN201821579196U CN210324791U CN 210324791 U CN210324791 U CN 210324791U CN 201821579196 U CN201821579196 U CN 201821579196U CN 210324791 U CN210324791 U CN 210324791U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a represent circular polarization electromagnetic's mechanical device belongs to electromagnetic wave teaching technical field. The color pen comprises a cylinder metal roller with a proper size, a wooden cuboid base with a balance weight, an F-shaped aluminum support rod, a wooden disc, an L-shaped piece with a pointer and an effective rod length variable color pen; the roller is connected with a base with a balance weight, and the base is connected with an F-shaped supporting rod; the F-shaped support rod is connected with the disc and the T-shaped piece; the pointer is connected with the disc; the working process is as follows: 1) one end of the pointer is fixed at the center of the disc, and the other end of the pointer rotates along the circumference; 2) the concave card slot of the color pen with the variable effective rod length is connected to the convex projection port of the pointer rotating along the circumference; 3) connecting the T-shaped part with one end of a non-color pen head of the color pen with the variable effective rod length, so that the color pen with the variable effective rod length can slide on the T-shaped part; 4) one end of the color pen head of the color pen with the variable effective rod length draws a projection track on a plane. The utility model discloses the device that carries structure is exquisite, easy operation, cost are controllable and visual directly perceived.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave teaching aids.
Background
The electromagnetic wave is moved in space in the form of a wave by an electric field and a magnetic field which oscillate in phase and are perpendicular to each other, and the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the electric field. The electromagnetic wave has a fixed speed in vacuum, and the speed is the speed of light. Polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the property of the intensity of an electromagnetic wave's electric field that changes in orientation and amplitude with time, and is referred to as polarization in optics. If the change has a definite rule, the electromagnetic wave is called a polarized electromagnetic wave (polarized wave for short). A polarized electromagnetic wave is called a plane polarized wave if its electric field strength is always oriented in a (transverse) plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, with the end points of its electric field vector moving along a closed trajectory. The hodogram of the electric field is called a polarization curve, and the polarized wave is named according to the shape of the polarization curve. When the included angle between the polarization plane of the electromagnetic wave and the geonormal plane changes periodically from 0 to 360 degrees, that is, the electric field is unchanged in size and changes in direction with time, and the projection of the track at the end of the electric field vector on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction is a circle, the circular polarization is called.
Due to the fact that the non-visualization of electromagnetic waves and the mathematical expression of three-dimensional space and time (space-time) of vectors are abstract, in the teaching process, a student has certain understanding difficulty on polarization and propagation of the electromagnetic waves. In order to visually express the track of the tail end of the electric field vector of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave on the space-time and promote students to understand abstract and non-visual contents, a set of visual and operable mechanical devices is invented to display the track.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of teaching aid shortage, teaching aid abstraction and insufficient intuition in the technical field of the existing electromagnetic wave teaching aid, and provides a mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.
The core idea is as follows: visualizing the tail end track of the electric field vector of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave by using a mechanical device; the mechanical device is based on the following principle:
when the included angle between the polarization plane of the radio wave and the geonormal plane changes periodically from 0 to 360 degrees, that is, the electric field is unchanged in size and changes in direction along with time, and the projection of the track at the tail end of the electric field vector on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction is a circle, the circular polarization is called;
the two components of the electric field vector are respectively expressed by the formula (1):
wherein E isxAnd EyTwo amplitudes of electric field vector circular polarization, phixAnd phiyAre each ExAnd EyThe phase of (d); exAnd EyRespectively with ExmAnd EymSame, and Exm＝Eym；ExAnd EyIs a phase difference ofx-φy＝90°；
Wherein two components E of the electric fieldxAnd EyThe magnitude of the resultant vector is equal to ExmHowever, the direction of the synthetic vector constantly changes, and the vector track is a circle, so that the vector track becomes circularly polarized electromagnetic wave; in the above expression (1), the value of k is expressed as (2):
wherein c is the speed of light; mu.s0The value of the vacuum magnetic permeability is 4 pi multiplied by 10 < -7 > N/A < -2 >; epsilon0The dielectric constant in vacuum is 8.854187817 x 10-12F/m;
the mechanical device mainly comprises a cylinder metal roller with a proper size, a wooden cuboid base with a counterweight, an F-shaped aluminum support rod, a wooden disc, an L-shaped piece with a pointer and a color pen with a variable effective rod length;
the connection relation of each module in the mechanical device is as follows:
the roller is connected with a base with a balance weight, and the base is connected with an F-shaped supporting rod; the F-shaped support rod is connected with the disc and the T-shaped piece; the pointer is connected with the disc;
the function of each module in the mechanical device is as follows:
the roller provides support for the whole device and can drive the model to move forwards, and the base is used for keeping balance and supporting the connecting rod, the disc and the pointer; the pointer can rotate around the center of the disk on the disk; the color pen with the variable effective rod length is used for connecting the pointer and can draw the projection of the tail end track of the pointer in any direction;
the working settings of each module in the mechanical device are as follows:
when the roller drives the whole model to advance, if the advancing direction of the model car represents the time lapse direction, the length of the pointer represents the size of the electric field, the direction of the pointer represents the direction of the electric field, the pointer represents the electric field vector, and the rotation of the pointer represents the rotation of the electric field vector;
the working process of the mechanical device is as follows:
step 1) one end of a pointer is fixed at the center of a disc, and the other end of the pointer rotates along the circumference, wherein the angular speed is omega 0;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the pointer uniformly rotates on the disk in a right-handed mode;
assuming that the forward movement speed of the mechanical device is the light speed c, the rotation speed of the pointer represents the rotation speed of the electric field vector; assuming that the angular velocity of the pointer rotation is ω, the period T of the electromagnetic wave can be expressed as formula (3):
T＝2π/ω (3)
the wavelength D of the electromagnetic wave can be expressed as formula (4):
D＝c·T (4)
wherein c is the speed of light, and is the same as c in formula (2);
starting from the position T ═ 0, the projections of the hands in the vertical and vertical directions are the components of the electric field in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, and can be expressed as formula (5):
wherein E ismIs the magnitude value of the electric field, and the electric field varies according to a trigonometric function in both the vertical and horizontal directions;
the track of the Z-Y plane drawn by the color pen in the model is Ey＝Emsin wt；
Step 2) the concave slot of the color pen with the variable effective rod length is connected to the convex projection port of the pointer rotating along the circumference;
step 3) connecting the T-shaped part with one end of a non-color pen head of the color pen with the variable effective rod length, so that the color pen with the variable effective rod length can slide on the T-shaped part;
and 4) drawing a projection track on a plane at one end of the color pen head of the color pen with the variable effective rod length.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the existing electromagnetic wave transmission teaching aid:
1. the device provided by the invention has the advantages of exquisite structure, simple operation, controllable cost, intuition and visualization, can dynamically demonstrate the track of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave vector in the time lapse, enables students to intuitively understand the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, and has obvious advantages;
2. the device provided by the invention has wide application prospects in the fields of electromagnetic wave science popularization teaching, circular polarization electromagnetic wave demonstration and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic components and connections of a mechanism for circularly polarized electromagnetic waves according to the present invention, in which the hand angle is 0;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a mechanical device for circularly polarized electromagnetic waves according to the present invention, wherein the pointer angle is pi/2, and the projection trajectory is illustrated;
fig. 3 is an illustration of a projected trajectory of the invention representing the mechanical advancement of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave (the direction of advancement being the direction of time lapse) and the rotation of the pointer (the angular velocity being ω) where the pointer angle has been rotated back to 0.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
This embodiment describes the principle and composition of a mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic waves according to the present invention. When the angle between the plane of polarization of radio waves and the earth normal plane changes periodically from 0 to 360 °, i.e., the electric field is constant in magnitude and changes in direction with time, the projection of the trajectory at the end of the electric field vector on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction is a circle, the circular polarization is called. The two components of the electric field vector are respectively expressed by the formula (1):
wherein both of the circular polarizations ExAnd EyAmplitude ExmAnd EymIdentical, but with a phase difference (phi)x-φy) 90 °, the resultant vector of the two components of the electric field, having an amplitude Exm(ii) a But the direction is changed constantly, the track is a circle, thus becoming circularly polarized electromagnetic wave propagation; in the above expression (1), the value of k is:
wherein c is the speed of light;
the model consists of a roller, a base with a counterweight, a support rod (F type), a disc, a pointer and a color pen with a variable effective rod length; when the roller drives the whole model to advance, the pointer uniformly rotates on the disc in a right-handed mode; if the advancing direction of the model car represents the time lapse direction, the length of the pointer represents the size of the electric field, the direction of the pointer represents the direction of the electric field, the pointer represents the electric field vector, and the rotation of the pointer represents the rotation of the electric field vector;
the forward movement speed of the model car is light speed C, and the rotation speed of the pointer represents the change speed of the electric field. Assuming that the angular velocity of the pointer is ω, the period of the electromagnetic wave is:
T＝2π/ω
the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is:
D＝c·T
where c is the speed of light.
Starting from the position shown with Z ═ 0, the projections of the hands in the vertical and vertical directions are the components of the electric field in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, and can be expressed as:
Ex＝Emcoswt
Ey＝Emsinwt
omega is the angular velocity of the pointer rotation, EmIs the magnitude of the electric field. It can be seen that the electric field varies according to a trigonometric function in both the vertical and horizontal directions.
The track of the Z-Y plane drawn by the color pen in the model is Ey＝Emsin wt。
Example 2
Under the small-range demonstration, the change condition of the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave circular polarization transmission is demonstrated by using a free-moving mechanical trolley and adopting the material.
Under the demonstration on a large scale, the slide rail replaces a roller, and the pigment pen replaces a color pen to show the change condition of the electric field vector during the circular polarization transmission of the electromagnetic wave.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the embodiment and the drawings disclosed herein. Equivalents and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure, which is to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, comprising: the color pen mainly comprises a cylinder metal roller with a proper size, a wooden cuboid base with a balance weight, an F-shaped aluminum support rod, a wooden disc, an L-shaped piece with a pointer and an effective rod length variable color pen;
the connection relation of each module in the mechanical device is as follows:
the roller is connected with a base with a balance weight, and the base is connected with an F-shaped supporting rod; the F-shaped support rod is connected with the disc and the T-shaped piece; the pointer is connected with the disc;
the working arrangement of each module and each part function in the mechanical device are as follows:
A) the roller provides support for the whole device and drives the model to move forwards, and the base keeps the balance of the device and supports the connecting rod, the disc and the pointer;
the advancing direction of the model car represents the time lapse direction when the roller drives the model car to advance;
B) the pointer rotates around the center of the disk on the disk; the color pen with the variable effective rod length is used for connecting the pointer and can draw the projection of the tail end track of the pointer in any direction; the length of the pointer represents the magnitude of the electric field, the direction of the pointer represents the direction of the electric field, the pointer represents the electric field vector, and the pointer rotation represents the rotation of the electric field vector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821579196.4U CN210324791U (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | Mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic wave |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821579196.4U CN210324791U (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | Mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic wave |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN210324791U true CN210324791U (en) | 2020-04-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821579196.4U Expired - Fee Related CN210324791U (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | Mechanical device for representing circularly polarized electromagnetic wave |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN210324791U (en) |
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2018
- 2018-09-27 CN CN201821579196.4U patent/CN210324791U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20200414 Termination date: 20210927 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |