CN210292529U - 产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统 - Google Patents

产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统 Download PDF

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CN210292529U
CN210292529U CN201921062409.0U CN201921062409U CN210292529U CN 210292529 U CN210292529 U CN 210292529U CN 201921062409 U CN201921062409 U CN 201921062409U CN 210292529 U CN210292529 U CN 210292529U
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heat exchanger
pipeline
liquid oxygen
inlet
storage tank
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李炜
罗剑
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Sinochem Fuling Chongqing Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Sinochem Fuling Chongqing Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，包括空气过滤器、离心式空气压缩机、冷却系统、纯化系统、主换热器、分馏塔、精馏塔、膨胀机、液氮储罐和液氧储罐，其特征在于：所述空气过滤器的出口管线与干燥器的进口相连，所述干燥器的出口管线与离心式空气压缩机进口管线相连，增压机的出口管线的另一个支管与冷热交换器的热侧进口相连，所述冷热交换器的冷侧出口管线与主换热器的第二热侧进口相连，所述冷热交换器的冷侧进口与液氧储罐和液氧泵的排污管线相连。通过以上改造，空分系统能稳定持续的生产，产量高、运行稳定，节约了能源，减少了排放，且避免了液氧排放带来的风险。

Description

产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，属于合成氨领域。
背景技术
氮肥厂，空分系统所产氧气供合成氨装置生产使用，氮气供合成氨装置氨压机密封气和日常检修置换管线使用。
空分系统的主要设备有：离心式空气压缩机(包括空气压缩主机和增压机)、冷却系统、纯化系统、主换热器、膨胀机、冷箱(包括精馏塔和分馏塔)等。
空分装置的工艺过程：原料空气从空气过滤器底部进入，空气过滤器除去空气中含有的灰尘和其它机械杂质。空气经过过滤后在离心式空压机中压缩至0.52MPa左右，然后进入冷却系统，温度降至8-10℃，再进入纯化系统，空气中含有的微量二氧化碳，碳氢化合物及残留的水蒸气被吸附分离，空气得到净化。
空气经净化后分为三路：一部分空气从主换热器的第一冷侧进口进入经过主换热器冷却后从下部进入分馏塔。一部分空气经过离心式空气压缩机的增压机升压至1.0MPa左右后依次从主换热器的第二热侧进口进入主换热器、第一液氧蒸发器、换热器，空气被冷却至-174℃左右后从分馏塔的下部进入。另一部分空气经过膨胀机的增压端升压至0.5MPa左右后从主换热器的第三热侧进口进入主换热器进行换热冷却，最后经过膨胀机降压膨胀，空气温度降到-170.7℃，最后从精馏塔的中部进入。
进入分馏塔的空气被冷却分离，氮气在分馏塔的顶部被冷却成液氮，大部分液氮被送入精馏塔的上部继续参与精馏，多余的液氮被送到液氮储罐进行储存。当合成氨装置停车需要氮气时，就把储罐中的液氮通过蒸发器复热变成气氮后送到合成氨装置进行使用。
分馏塔底部是氧含量约40％左右的液态空气，液空通过管道送到精馏塔的中部参与精馏。空气在精馏塔中通过精馏，氧含量≥95％的液氧在精馏塔的底部被分离出来，液氧通过液氧泵加压至0.6MPa左右后依次进入换热器、第一液氧蒸发器气化、主换热器继续回收冷量后，液氧被加热变成氧气后送到合成氨装置供生产使用。富余的液氧被输送到液氧储罐进行储存，当空分系统出现故障无法足量供应合成氨生产使用所需的氧气量时，这时可以通过把液氧储罐里面的液氧放出，经过第二液氧蒸发器复热变成氧气后供合成氨装置生产使用，从而保证合成氨装置的正常生产运行。
精馏塔顶部分离出来的是温度很低的氮气，氮气通过主换热器回收冷量后被送到冷却系统继续使用。
为了防止液氧中含有的微量碳氢化合物不断地在设备死角中集聚可能造成爆炸的风险，要求定期把设备罐体内的液氧排出一部分，减少碳氢化合物的集聚，从而避免爆炸事故的发生。所以在第一液氧蒸发器和液氧储罐底部设置有排污管道，定时的向外界排出一部分液氧。
目前运行该系统存在的问题在于：
1、空气湿度大，由于离心式空气压缩机的壳体、转子和叶轮都是碳钢材料。湿度大的空气进入压缩机会对设备内部造成严重的腐蚀，经常因设备腐蚀问题造成空分装置停车检修。
2、液氧泵和液氧储罐底部有排污管道，定期向界外排除一部分液氧。液氧被直接排放在地沟里面，由于液氧温度为-183℃，直接把液氧排放在地沟里面会把地沟冻裂，同时排出的液氧压力较高，液氧可能溅出冻伤现场人员，液氧还有可能与地沟中排出的油污相遇发生燃烧，这给现场的生产带来了极大的安全隐患。
3、当精馏塔中生产出富余的液氧需要排放到液氧储罐进行储存时，由于液氧储罐的压力较高，富余液氧无法排入储罐里面，只有通过打开液氧储罐的顶部放空管线来降低储罐压力后才能顺利的把精馏塔中的液氧排入储罐里进行储存。由于需要经常向液氧储罐中排放液氧，所以大量的氧气通过放空管道被排入大气中，这将造成氧气的极大浪费。
实用新型内容
针对上述技术问题，本实用新型的目的在于提供一种产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统。
为了实现上述目的，本实用新型的技术方案为：一种产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，包括空气过滤器、离心式空气压缩机、冷却系统、纯化系统、主换热器、分馏塔、精馏塔、膨胀机、液氮储罐和液氧储罐，其特征在于：所述空气过滤器的出口管线与干燥器的进口相连，所述干燥器的出口管线与离心式空气压缩机进口管线相连，压缩后的空气经过冷却系统降温后进入纯化系统，所述纯化系统的出口管线的其中一条支管与主换热器的第一热侧进口相连，所述主换热器的第一冷侧空气出口管线与分馏塔下部进口相连，所述纯化系统的出口管线的第二条支管与离心式空气压缩机的增压机的进口管线相连，所述离心式空气压缩机的增压机的出口管线分成两个支管，其中一个支管与所述主换热器的第二热侧进口相连，所述主换热器的第二冷侧出口出来的气体进入第一液氧蒸发器被气化，增压机的出口管线的另一个支管与冷热交换器的热侧进口相连，所述冷热交换器的冷侧出口管线与主换热器的第二热侧进口相连，所述冷热交换器的冷侧进口与液氧储罐和液氧泵的排污管线相连，所述冷热交换器的热侧出口管线为氧气排放管线；所述第一液氧蒸发器的空气出口与换热器的热侧进口相连，所述换热器的冷侧出口管线与分馏塔下部的进口相连；所述纯化系统的第三条支管与膨胀机的增压端的进口管线相连，所述膨胀机增压端出来的增压气体从主换热器的第三热侧进口进入主换热器降温，所述主换热器的第三冷侧出口管道与膨胀机进口管线相连，气体经过膨胀机降压膨胀后从精馏塔的中下部进口进入精馏塔，所述精馏塔的顶部氮气出口管线与主换热器的冷侧进口相连，所述分馏塔的上部液氮出口与所述液氮储罐相连，所述精馏塔底部的液氧出口管道分出两个支管分别与液氧泵和所述液氧储罐相连，所述液氧泵的出口管线与换热器的冷侧进口相连，所述换热器的热侧出口出来的液氧进入第一液氧蒸发器气化，气化后的氧气从主换热器的第二冷侧进口进入主换热器继续回收冷量，从主换热器出来的氧气去合成氨系统的氧气管道。
采用上述方案，在空气过滤器和离心式空气压缩机之间增加干燥器，对空气进行干燥处理，除去水分，减少离心式空气压缩机壳体和内部腐蚀，保证生产顺利进行。通过冷热交换器回收液氧泵和液氧储罐的排污管线的液氧的冷量，一方面用于对离心式空气压缩机增压机出来的空气进行降温，回收冷量，节约能耗。另一方面，排污管排出的液氧经过加热变成氧气，再排放到大气中，避免了直接把液氧排出破坏地沟的现象以及排出的液氧溅出可能伤害现场人员、液氧与地沟中的油污接触可能起火燃烧等严重的安全问题。
上述方案中：所述液氮储罐和液氧储罐通过联通管道联通，在所述联通管道上设置有两个阀门，在两个阀门之间的联通管道上连接有排气管道，在该排气管道上也设置有阀门。每次合成氨装置停车检修时都需要大量的氮气来对管道、设备等进行置换，通常会存在由于液氮储罐的储存量有限，无法满足合成氨检修时的氮气需要量的情况。通过在液氮储罐和液氧储罐之间设置联通管道，合成氨检修前，把液氧储罐用来储存液氮供合成氨检修时使用，充分利用了现有的生产设备，解决了原液氮储罐较小，无法满足检修时氮气的使用量，确保了检修的顺利进行。
上述方案中：所述冷却系统的进口管线还与合成氨空气压缩机的出口管线相连。把合成氨空气压缩机中的多余空气量通过管道输送至空分装置用来生产氧气。提高产能。
上述方案中：所述干燥器为两台，两台干燥器的进口管线分别与空气过滤器的出口管线相连，两台干燥器的出口管线分别与离心式空气压缩机进口管线相连，两台干燥器一开一闭。保证系统稳定运行。
上述方案中：所述液氧储罐与第二液氧蒸发器相连，液氧进入第二蒸发器气化后去合成氨系统的氧气管道，所述液氧储罐的顶部放空管线与合成氨系统的氧气管道相连。回收液氧储罐降压时从顶部排除的氧气用来供合成氨生产使用，节约了氧气的用量，降低了生产成本。
有益效果：通过以上改造，空分系统能稳定持续的生产，产量高、运行稳定，节约了能源，减少了排放，且避免了液氧排放带来的风险。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例并结合附图，对本实用新型作进一步说明：
实施例1，如图1所示，产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统由空气过滤器1、干燥器2、离心式空气压缩机3、冷却系统4、纯化系统5、主换热器6、膨胀机7、冷热交换器8、第二液氧蒸发器9、液氧泵10、换热器11、第一液氧蒸发器12、分馏塔13、精馏塔14、液氮储罐15、液氧储罐16、液氮蒸发器17、合成氨空气压缩机18及连接管道和阀门组成，空气过滤器1、干燥器2、离心式空气压缩机3、冷却系统4、纯化系统5、主换热器6、膨胀机7、冷热交换器8、第二液氧蒸发器9、液氧泵10、换热器11、第一液氧蒸发器12、分馏塔13、精馏塔14、液氮储罐15、液氧储罐16、液氮蒸发器17、合成氨空气压缩机18的结构均为现有技术。
空气过滤器1的出口管线与干燥器2的进口相连，干燥器2的出口管线与离心式空气压缩机3进口管线相连，优选干燥器2为两台，两台干燥器2的进口管线分别与空气过滤器1的出口管线相连，两台干燥器2的出口管线分别与离心式空气压缩机3进口管线相连，两台干燥器2一开一闭。
压缩后的空气经过冷却系统4降温后进入纯化系统5。冷却系统4的进口管线还与合成氨空气压缩机18的出口管线相连，提高产能。
纯化系统5的出口管线的其中一条支管与主换热器6的第一热侧进口相连，主换热器6的第一冷侧空气出口管线与分馏塔13下部进口相连。
纯化系统5的出口管线的第二条支管与离心式空气压缩机3的增压机301的进口管线相连，离心式空气压缩机3的增压机301的出口管线分成两个支管，其中一个支管与主换热器6的第二热侧进口相连，主换热器6的第二冷侧出口出来的气体进入第一液氧蒸发器12被气化。增压机301的出口管线的另一个支管与冷热交换器8的热侧进口相连，冷热交换器8的冷侧出口管线与主换热器6的第二热侧进口相连，冷热交换器8的冷侧进口与液氧储罐16和液氧泵10的排污管线相连。冷热交换器8的热侧出口管线为氧气排放管线。第一液氧蒸发器12的空气出口与换热器11的热侧进口相连，换热器11的冷侧出口管线与分馏塔下部的进口相连。
纯化系统5的第三条支管与膨胀机7的增压端701的进口管线相连，膨胀机7增压端701出来的增压气体从主换热器6的第三热侧进口进入主换热器6降温，主换热器6的第三冷侧出口管道与膨胀机7进口管线相连，气体经过膨胀机7降压膨胀后从精馏塔14的中下部进口进入精馏塔14。
精馏塔14的顶部氮气出口管线与主换热器6的冷侧进口相连，为主换热器6提供主要的冷量，氮气从主换热器6出来后去冷却系统4。
分馏塔13的上部液氮出口与液氮储罐15相连，精馏塔14底部的液氧出口管道分出两个支管分别与液氧泵10和液氧储罐6相连，进入分馏塔13的空气被冷却分离，氮气在分馏塔13的顶部被冷却成液氮，大部分液氮被送入精馏塔14的上部继续参与精馏，多余的液氮被送到液氮储罐15进行储存。当合成氨装置停车需要氮气时，就把液氮储罐15中的液氮通过液氮蒸发器17复热变成气氮后送到合成氨装置进行使用。
分馏塔13底部是氧含量约40％左右的液态空气，液空通过管道送到精馏塔14的中部参与精馏。空气在精馏塔14中通过精馏，氧含量≥95％的液氧在精馏塔14的底部被分离出来，液氧进入液氧泵10和液氧储罐16。
液氧泵10的出口管线与换热器11的冷侧进口相连，换热器11的热侧出口出来的液氧进入第一液氧蒸发器12气化，气化后的氧气从主换热器6的第二冷侧进口进入主换热器6继续回收冷量，从主换热器6出来的氧气去合成氨系统的氧气管道。液氮储罐15和液氧储罐16通过联通管道联通，在联通管道上设置有两个阀门，在两个阀门之间的联通管道上连接有排气管道，在该排气管道上也设置有阀门。液氧储罐16出口管线与第二液氧蒸发器9相连，液氧进入第二蒸发器9气化后去合成氨系统的氧气管道。液氧储罐16的顶部放空管线与合成氨系统的氧气管道相连。
本实用新型不局限于上述实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本实用新型的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本实用新型的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，包括空气过滤器、离心式空气压缩机、冷却系统、纯化系统、主换热器、分馏塔、精馏塔、膨胀机、液氮储罐和液氧储罐，其特征在于：所述空气过滤器的出口管线与干燥器的进口相连，所述干燥器的出口管线与离心式空气压缩机进口管线相连，压缩后的空气经过冷却系统降温后进入纯化系统，所述纯化系统的出口管线的其中一条支管与主换热器的第一热侧进口相连，所述主换热器的第一冷侧空气出口管线与分馏塔下部进口相连，所述纯化系统的出口管线的第二条支管与离心式空气压缩机的增压机的进口管线相连，所述离心式空气压缩机的增压机的出口管线分成两个支管，其中一个支管直接与所述主换热器的第二热侧进口相连，所述主换热器的第二冷侧出口出来的气体进入第一液氧蒸发器被气化，增压机的出口管线的另一个支管与冷热交换器的热侧进口相连，所述冷热交换器的冷侧出口管线与主换热器的第二热侧进口相连，所述冷热交换器的冷侧进口与液氧储罐和液氧泵的排污管线相连，所述冷热交换器的热侧出口管线为氧气排放管线；所述第一液氧蒸发器的空气出口与换热器的热侧进口相连，所述换热器的冷侧出口管线与分馏塔下部的进口相连；所述纯化系统的第三条支管与膨胀机的增压端的进口管线相连，所述膨胀机增压端出来的增压气体从主换热器的第三热侧进口进入主换热器降温，所述主换热器的第三冷侧出口管道与膨胀机进口管线相连，气体经过膨胀机降压膨胀后从精馏塔的中下部进口进入精馏塔，所述精馏塔的顶部氮气出口管线与主换热器的冷侧进口相连，所述分馏塔的上部液氮出口与所述液氮储罐相连，所述精馏塔底部的液氧出口管道分出两个支管分别与液氧泵和所述液氧储罐相连，所述液氧泵的出口管线与换热器的冷侧进口相连，所述换热器的热侧出口出来的液氧进入第一液氧蒸发器气化，气化后的氧气从主换热器的第二冷侧进口进入主换热器继续回收冷量，从主换热器出来的氧气去合成氨系统的氧气管道。
2.根据权利要求1所述产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，其特征在于：所述液氮储罐和液氧储罐通过联通管道联通，在所述联通管道上设置有两个阀门，在两个阀门之间的联通管道上连接有排气管道，在该排气管道上也设置有阀门。
3.根据权利要求2所述产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，其特征在于：所述冷却系统的进口管线还与合成氨空气压缩机的出口管线相连。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，其特征在于：所述干燥器为两台，两台干燥器的进口管线分别与空气过滤器的出口管线相连，两台干燥器的出口管线分别与离心式空气压缩机进口管线相连，两台干燥器一开一闭。
5.根据权利要求4所述产能高、操作稳定的合成氨空分系统，其特征在于：所述液氧储罐与第二液氧蒸发器相连，液氧进入第二蒸发器气化后去合成氨系统的氧气管道，所述液氧储罐的顶部放空管线与合成氨系统的氧气管道相连。
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