CN210291962U

CN210291962U - Heating cooking clean stove with soft coal burning without black smoke

Info

Publication number: CN210291962U
Application number: CN201920212214.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史云翀; 史力; 史君洁
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-02-20
Filing date: 2019-02-20
Publication date: 2020-04-10
Anticipated expiration: 2029-02-20

Abstract

A heating and cooking clean stove with soft coal burning without black smoke belongs to the technical field of clean burning of solid fuel stoves and comprehensive energy conservation and emission reduction. The furnace adopts a movable grate to lift a red carbon layer to form a coal feeding space. The new coal is heated from the top surface, the volatile components are released uniformly in small quantity, and mixed with the fresh air entering from the lower part of the fire grate to rise, and the new coal is completely combusted in the gaps of the red carbon blocks, and changed into black smoke, CO and volatile organic compounds as flames. The flame controlled by the inclined fire-distributing opening is sprayed out from the side far away from the chimney to wrap the pot bottom for burning, and is discharged from the chimney after being respectively wound for half a circle at two sides, so that the cooking speed is high; on the premise of ensuring the furnace temperature, the whole body of the furnace body dissipates heat, and the temperature of a room is quickly raised; and the coal does not influence the fire power. It is suitable for burning anthracite, bulk coal and briquette with moderate caking property, anthracite, coking coal, semi-coking coal and biomass briquette with coal briquette granularity, animal dung block and firewood, and the blackness of discharged smoke can reach 0 grade. Can also facilitate the desulfurization and denitration in the furnace. Simple structure, low cost and easy popularization.

Description

Heating cooking clean stove with soft coal burning without black smoke

(I) technical field

The utility model relates to a hand-operated stove, in particular to a clean combustion stove for burning bulk coal in a heating and cooking stove. Belongs to the technical field of comprehensive energy-saving emission-reducing clean combustion of a manual solid fuel furnace.

(II) technical background

The development plan of the world health organization and the united nations publishes a united statement term in 2004, 10 and 14 months: kitchen smoke has become a big disaster threatening the health of human beings, and about 160 million people are deprived of the kitchen smoke in China developing worldwide every year. The 2008 evaluation report of the environmental agency of the united nations states that the chief cause of haze is "carbon-containing smoke dust of coal-fired plants, diesel trucks and firewood-fired stoves".

Among the hazards of solid fuel combustion smoke dust, the solid fuel is mainly mixed with smoke gas discharged after being burnt, and methane is used as a main volatile component and a soot [ i.e. benzo (a) pyrene ] (black smoke) generated by incomplete combustion, volatile organic compounds and CO; followed by dust (fly ash). Some coal-fired flue gas may be polluted by sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride.

Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and the like can be intercepted by adding lime in the furnace, dust can be reduced to a great extent by furnace operation (such as ash hooking on the lower layer), and only the black smoke treatment is very difficult. The difficulty is that the furnace is limited by economic and technical conditions, and the high cost performance technology is likely to be accepted only by providing a furnace with simple and crude structure and unstable working conditions, and is simple, reliable, low in cost and high in efficiency. If the technology is inconvenient to operate and low in cost, the technology cannot be generally applied.

Technically, the soft coal is proved to be capable of effectively eliminating black smoke by means of 'back burning' in the 19 th century, and a 'down-feed type spiral coal feeder' back burning device is invented. But it is not suitable for the stove because of the need of electricity, coal selection and high cost. The semi-mechanized combustion principle of 'plate-pulling-up stove' is the same as that of the prior art, the mechanism is only slightly simplified, so that the cost is reduced, but the cost is not high, in addition, electricity and coal types are still needed, especially, the combustion working condition is stepped back, and the stand on the stove is not available; the gas stove which changes solid fuel into gas fuel has been successfully applied in the early 19 th century, and the gas stove can not be widely applied to the stove due to the selection of coal types, troublesome operation and no economic clearance.

In 2003, a movable coal feeder and a medium-feed type back-burning-first-then-front-burning coal-burning method (ZL031203345) and a plurality of black-smoke-free combustion schemes have been invented, but no practical stove product is formed.

For haze control, the 'loose coal combustion' is the largest pollution source which has been in common recognition. The central authorities have listed the pollution of solving scattered heating and burning scattered coal into key treatment projects, and have brought up resources to a plurality of universities and scientific research institutions to develop scientific research and development with enterprises (national key research project 2017YFC0211400 'resident high-efficiency clean burning heating stove research and development and demonstration project'). But is limited to 'good coal blending furnace', has great limitation and is not suitable for vast rural areas.

Disclosure of the invention

The utility model discloses just to above-mentioned condition, especially consider that vast peasant household receives economic terms restriction, the fuel is of many kinds, and the dispersion heating need compromise the actual need of cooking again, develops and gives energy-conservation, environmental protection function on common stove, the coal-fired (firewood) clean stove of not only cheap but also extensive practicality.

The utility model discloses still adopt conventional furnace structure, constitute by grate and furnace, characterized by, with the movable grate after the jacking of red charcoal layer, add the new coal under red charcoal layer, adopt the back-fire method to eliminate coal-fired black cigarette. The newly added coal is mainly conducted by the heat of the bottom and the back side burnout layer of the upper red carbon layer, so that the volatile components are released uniformly in a small amount. The volatile matter and fresh air entering from the fire grate are mixed and raised, and when the red carbon layer is high in temperature and is full of oxygen and passes through the gaps of fuel blocks, the red carbon layer is repeatedly collided and is strongly stirred, and the red carbon layer is fully combusted under the conditions of sufficient combustion time and the like, so that the black smoke is changed into flame. No matter the bituminous coal and the firewood are burnt, or the biomass briquette and the animal dung block are burnt, no black smoke is generated; and can simultaneously burn volatile organic compounds and CO. And clean combustion of coal is realized. If the raw coal contains more than 0.5% of fluorine, chlorine and sulfur, lime can be added into the fuel layer, so that the desulfurization, defluorination and dechlorination can be conveniently carried out. The calcium sulfate, calcium fluoride and calcium chloride produced are fixed in the ash.

NO temp. NO is generated when combustion temp. of furnace hearth is less than 1300 deg.C_XWhen the nitrogen content of the fuel is too high, the fuel type NO needs to be treated_XWhen denitration is carried out, lime is added at a lower back-burning temperatureAnd reducing air intake (adding an iron plate on the fire grate in the coal charging interval to reduce the gap area of the fire grate), namely, the NO can be inhibited_XSo that N is generated into N₂. The denitration purpose is achieved.

The utility model discloses heating cooking clean stove of black smoke-free burning of bituminous coal divide into two kinds of models: one is an open clean furnace, and the other is an outer smoke discharge clean furnace with a chimney.

Because uncovered clean stove can conveniently follow the suitable for reading and discharging fume and take out the cinder, the structure is fairly simple, is the utility model discloses a simplified scheme. It is characterized by that on the wall of red carbon layer correspondent to the fuel in the furnace a coal-adding hole is cut, and on the rear wall of furnace cavity a "bank" is set, on which a movable grate can be temporarily placed. The cooking can be carried out by adding a foot rest on the upper opening of the stove, and the kettle can be conveniently seated to seal fire without adding the foot rest. The lower half section of the hearth adopts an upward bell mouth shape, which reduces the resistance of the movable grate when the red carbon layer is lifted; the upper half section adopts a furnace mouth in a downward bell mouth shape, so that a flue gas burnout space is formed, partial heat rays can be reflected back to a fuel layer, the combustion temperature is increased, the stirring of the flue gas can be increased, and gas-phase combustible substances are finally burnt out; the firepower at the outlet of the hearth can be centralized, and the heating at the bottom of the boiler is convenient.

When the smoke needs to be discharged outdoors and needs to be denitrated, the heating and cooking stove with the smoke discharged outside needs to be additionally provided with a chimney like a conventional stove. The novel fire-fighting furnace is characterized in that an inclined furnace opening is formed in the upper opening of the furnace chamber to prevent flame from entering a chimney, one side close to the chimney is higher, and the other side far away from the chimney is lower. The flame is mainly sprayed out from one side far away from the chimney to wrap the pot bottom for burning, and the two sides of the pot bottom are respectively wound by half a circle, so that the pot bottom is discharged from the chimney after fully absorbing heat. The fire in the pot is centralized and stable, and the cooking speed is high; an empty layer is arranged between the hearth and the furnace shell, hot flue gas is filled in the empty layer, and the heat preservation layer is visible, so that the moderate high temperature in the furnace can be maintained. Meanwhile, the furnace outer shell can directly radiate heat outwards, and the indoor temperature rise is fast and stable. The empty layer is filled with heat insulation materials during the non-heating period, and the cooking stove can be used independently.

The utility model adopts the red charcoal layer in the movable grate jacking furnace, and a coal feeding space can be formed between the ash layer and the red charcoal layer in the furnace. After adding new coal, the reverse combustion can be carried out. It features that the movable grate is made into straight rake shape, the front end is sharp tooth and the handle is added to the back end. The movable grate is formed by welding several heat-resistant steel bars and can also be formed by casting heat-resistant cast steel (iron). The movable grate has two kinds of handles, long and short. When the lever principle is used and the hook on the furnace shell is used as a fulcrum to pry up the red carbon layer at the front half part, the movable grate with a long handle is preferably used. When the moving grate is inserted into the grate sleeve and the red charcoal layer is lifted by a simple mechanism such as a pulley and a steel rope (or a chain wheel and a chain, a gear and a rack, a cam, a lever, even a push rod and the like), only a short handle convenient to hold by hand is needed. The end of the movable grate handle needs to be added with a heavy object or an inclined support to bear the weight of the red carbon lifted from the top. When the movable grate is welded by common steel bars, the rack is easy to deform and needs to be used after being hammered straight. Is troublesome and has short service life.

The furnace core (comprising the furnace chamber and the furnace mouth) of the utility model can be made by sintering refractory materials or pouring refractory concrete. So as to facilitate mass production and stabilize the quality of the furnace; the furnace mouth can also be cast by heat-resistant cast iron, so that the furnace mouth is more solid and durable.

The utility model discloses clean stove of heating cooking of black smoke-free burning of bituminous coal comprises grate and furnace, characterized by: the side of the hearth corresponding to the red charcoal layer is provided with a conventional furnace door, the movable grate is lifted by a simple machine, the fuel layer is jacked up by the part of the red charcoal layer at the furnace door to form a temporary coal adding port, and new coal is added below the red charcoal layer and above the ash residue layer; the inclined furnace mouth distributes firepower. The movable furnace wall which can move up and down along with the movable grate is additionally arranged in the furnace door and is attached with a fuel layer. So as to prevent the red carbon from falling out in the jacking process; a hollow layer is arranged between the hearth and the furnace shell. The furnace core is made of refractory material.

The utility model discloses beneficial effect than prior art is: 1. the clean combustion turns black smoke into flame, and the blackness of the smoke can reach Ringelmann 0 level. 2. Can simply and conveniently carry out in-furnace desulfurization, defluorination, denitration and dechlorination, and realize the comprehensive environmental protection and reach the standard. 3. The fuel of soft coal or anthracite briquette, coke or semi-coke, firewood and the like of a conventional furnace is still used, and biomass briquette fuel with conventional coal granularity, animal manure briquette and loose coal with moderate adhesion can also be burned. 4. No electric blast is used. 5. The furnace temperature is high, the temperature is not reduced by adding coal, 6, heating and cooking are carried out, the firepower of the pot bottom is strong, and the cooking speed is high. 7. The heat dissipation area of the furnace body is large, and the indoor heating is fast. 8. The fuel is completely combusted, the combustion efficiency is more than 90 percent, the total heat efficiency is about 80 percent, and the energy-saving benefit is high. 9. The empty layer between the outer shell and the hearth of the furnace and the heat insulating material are added, so that the furnace can be used as an independent cooking furnace in non-heating seasons.

(IV) description of the drawings

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the operation of the furnace.

Figure 1 is a structural and fuel bed profile of an open clean fire of the present invention. Figure 2 is the structure and fuel bed distribution diagram of the external smoke-discharging clean fire of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a charcoal layer lifted by a long handle moving grate. Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a short handle moving grate lifting a layer of charcoal. Fig. 5 is a block diagram of two moving grates.

In each figure, a furnace base 1, a furnace grate 2, a furnace core 3, a furnace opening 4, a furnace shell 5, a movable furnace grate 6, a stopping ridge, an air inlet 7, a coal feeding opening bottom plate 8, a coal feeding opening 9, a hook 10, an ash layer 11, a new coal layer 12, a red carbon layer 13, a burnout layer 14, a leg rest 15, a hollow layer 16, a fire separating opening 17, a chimney 18, a movable furnace grate sleeve 19, a stabilizing strip 20, a chute 21, a pure rope 22, a pulley 23, a furnace panel 24, a movable furnace grate 25, a movable furnace wall plate 26 capable of sliding up and down and a fixed furnace wall plate 27.

(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The furnace base (1), the furnace core (3) and the furnace mouth (4) can be formed by firing refractory soil or pouring refractory concrete; when the furnace base (1) is fired by common clay, the manufacturing cost can be reduced; if the whole set of furnace core (comprising the furnace base, the furnace hearth and the furnace mouth) is fired by the common clay, the service life is short because the furnace core is not resistant to firing; the furnace wall plates (26, 27) can be made of heat-resistant steel plates or heat-resistant cast steel (iron) plates; the chute (22), the pulley (23) and the like are fixed on the furnace shell (5), and the coal feeding port bottom plate (8) is arranged on the ash layer (11); the furnace door of the coal feeding port (9) can be tightly closed so as to seal the fire. In order to reduce the cost of the open clean stove (figure 1), a door plug can be adopted to close the coal feeding port (9); the moving grate (25) can be welded by heat-resistant steel bars or cast by heat-resistant cast iron (steel). The service life is affected when general steel or cast iron is used.

Furnace operation: when the long handle movable grate (25) is used, the furnace door of the coal filling port (9) is opened, the movable grate (25) is attached to the bottom plate (8) of the coal filling port and inserted into a fuel layer in the furnace, then the handle of the movable grate (25) is lifted and hung on the hook (10) on the outer wall of the furnace shell (5). The hook (10) is used as a fulcrum, when the handle is pressed down by utilizing the lever principle, the movable grate (25) lifts up the red charcoal layer, when the movable grate (25) is in a horizontal state, the movable grate (25) is slightly pushed forward, and the front end of the movable grate is placed on the stopping ridge (6) of the movable grate on the rear wall of the hearth. A coal feeding space is formed between the ash layer (11) and the red carbon layer (13) in the furnace. If the movable fire grate stopping ridge (6) is not arranged, after the movable fire grate (25) is pressed to be flat, a heavy object is hung at the tail end of the handle of the movable fire grate to maintain the balance of the movable fire grate (25), or an inclined support is additionally arranged at the tail end of the handle of the movable fire grate to be stable.

When the short-handle movable grate (25) is used, the furnace door of the coal feeding port (9) is opened, the movable grate sleeve (19) is put down firstly, then the movable grate (25) is inserted into the movable grate sleeve (19), the movable grate is tightly attached to the bottom plate (8) of the coal feeding port and inserted into the fuel layer of the front half part of the hearth, the pure rope (20) of the movable grate sleeve (19) is pulled, and the movable grate sleeve (19) lifts the movable grate (25), the movable furnace wall (26) and the red carbon layer (13) in the furnace to the highest position of the coal feeding port (9). So that a coal feeding space is formed between the ash layer (11) and the red carbon layer (13) in the furnace. The pure rope (22) and the pulley (23) of the lifting movable grate sleeve (19) can also be used as a chain and a chain wheel, and can also be used as simple machinery such as a rack and a gear, and the power can be directly pulled by hands, and can also be manually or electrically installed with a rotating wheel. All simple machines can realize the up-and-down movement of the movable grate sleeve (19).

After the red charcoal layer is lifted, coal is added to the coal adding port (9), so that the medium feeding type coal adding can be realized, the coal is pumped out of the movable grate (25), the movable furnace wall (26) also falls down immediately after the coal is added, and the furnace door is closed or the door plug is plugged, so that the one-time coal adding operation is finished. The coal just added enters the reverse burning stage and is gradually burnt red, and the first reverse burning stage is completed. When coal is added next time, the red coal which just finishes the back burning is jacked, and after the red carbon layer rises, the red coal slides to the red carbon layer of the rear hearth, and gradually enters the burnout layer to become ash. The whole process of the normal combustion is completed. Finally, the successful application of the 'middle feeding type back-burning-first-then-front-burning coal burning method' is realized. The dotted lines with arrows in the furnace represent the schematic process of the movement of the fuel bed.

The movable grate (25) has the function of ash bucket when jacking the red carbon layer of the front hearth, and ash hooking is only needed when the ash deposit on the ash residue layer (11) of the rear hearth is more.

The movable grate (25) with long and short handles can be used on an open clean stove or a heating and cooking clean stove at will.

Claims

1. The heating cooking clean stove with soft coal and no black smoke combustion is composed of fire grate and hearth, and features that the stove body has coal feeding port corresponding to the red carbon layer inside the stove, movable fire grate with red carbon layer and simple mechanism for raising the movable fire grate.

2. The bituminous coal black-smoke-free combustion heating and cooking clean stove according to claim 1, wherein a hollow layer is arranged between the outer wall of the hearth and the stove housing, and smoke in the hollow layer can dissipate heat in a large area through the stove housing.

3. The bituminous coal black-smoke-free combustion heating and cooking clean stove according to claim 1, wherein a movable stove wall plate is provided at the coal charging port of the furnace chamber.

4. A black coal-fired heating and cooking stove according to claim 1 wherein the outlet of the furnace is made of refractory material or cast iron.