CN210289850U - Steam turbine steam seal structure capable of axially yielding - Google Patents

Steam turbine steam seal structure capable of axially yielding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN210289850U
CN210289850U CN201920669003.2U CN201920669003U CN210289850U CN 210289850 U CN210289850 U CN 210289850U CN 201920669003 U CN201920669003 U CN 201920669003U CN 210289850 U CN210289850 U CN 210289850U
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steam
gland
steam seal
seal
rotor
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曾庆猛
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a steam turbine steam seal structure capable of axially yielding, wherein a steam seal ring is positioned between a steam seal body and a rotor, a steam seal body groove is arranged in the steam seal body, the steam seal ring is formed by connecting two half steam seal rings with the same structure in a bilateral symmetry manner through a hinge structure, the hinge structure is arranged on the top surfaces of the two half steam seal rings, and the half steam seal ring can rotate around the hinge structure; shoulders are arranged at the upper parts of the two half steam seal rings, the shoulders are arranged in the steam seal body groove, and the top surfaces of the shoulders are connected with the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove through an elastic component; the end faces of the lower parts of the two half gland rings are provided with gland teeth, a certain gap is kept between the gland teeth and the rotor, and the gland teeth are arc-shaped curved teeth. In this application, the gland sealing ring can not only be in radial movement, can also the axial give-off, has alleviateed greatly because of the great axial that leads to of poor bloated bumps the mill, has realized good sealedly.

Description

Steam turbine steam seal structure capable of axially yielding
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a steam turbine gland technical field, specifically say, relate to a but steam turbine gland structure of axial yielding.
Background
The steam seal of the steam turbine is a device which is arranged on a cylinder, a clapboard and other static parts and is used for reducing steam leakage between a rotating part and the static parts of the steam turbine, and the steam leakage is reduced while no dynamic and static friction is generated, so that a proper steam seal installation gap needs to be selected.
The traditional comb-tooth type labyrinth gland seal is widely applied to large, medium and small steam turbines due to the fact that the gland seal is low in cost, simple in structure, safe, reliable and easy to install, radial gaps are generally 0.60-0.80 mm when the traditional comb-tooth type labyrinth gland seal is installed, gaps are larger sometimes according to different conditions of rotors, the sealing effect is poor, the steam leakage amount of the gland seal is larger than the design value, and the efficiency of high-medium and low-pressure cylinders is reduced.
When the turbine unit passes through critical rotating speed in the starting and stopping processes, the amplitude of a rotor is possibly large, if a radial mounting gap of a steam seal is small, steam seal teeth are easy to wear, further, the steam seal teeth are worn to cause large steam leakage of the shaft seal, the length of a heating zone of a steam counter shaft is increased to some extent, the temperature is also increased to some extent, the expansion difference is increased, and high teeth and low teeth of a boss on the shaft and a steam seal block are displaced relatively to each other to fall down. In addition, when the steam seal teeth and the rotating shaft are rubbed and abraded, a large amount of heat is generated instantly, the rotating shaft is locally overheated, and even a large shaft is possibly bent, so that when the unit is overhauled, the radial clearance of the steam seal is generally adjusted to be large, the safety of the unit is ensured at the cost of economic sacrifice, the nonuniformity of the labyrinth annular chamber is an important reason for generating steam flow excitation, and the steam flow excitation generated by the high-pressure rotor of the steam turbine is difficult to solve once occurring, so that the safe operation of the unit is endangered.
In addition, during the starting (or stopping) of the steam turbine unit, the expansion difference is large during starting due to different heating (or cooling) degrees of steam to the cylinder and the rotor and different expansion (or contraction) characteristics of the cylinder and the rotor, if a sliding pin system fails, the steam seal steam leakage amount is large, a thrust bearing works abnormally, and the like in the period, the expansion difference is further increased, the large expansion difference can cause the axial clearance between the steam seal teeth and the rotating shaft to disappear, while a steam seal ring in the prior art is not concealable in the axial direction, so that axial collision and abrasion are caused, potential safety hazards are brought to the unit operation, and the steam seal teeth are prone to fall down and are not beneficial to sealing, in view of the above, the patent with the publication number of CN205578042U is granted: the utility model provides a brush seal assembly, discloses a steam seal structure that adopts brush bundle to replace traditional rigidity steam seal tooth, can give way at will when brush bundle and rotor take place to bump and grind, and the use of brush bundle can make the clearance between steam seal and the rotor do littleer, and is sealed effectual, but, the steam seal of this kind of structure is after using a period, and brush bundle wearing and tearing are serious, need often change, and life is short.
Therefore, there is a need for improvements and optimizations to existing steam seal configurations.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned not enough that exists among the prior art, and provide a vapor seal structure that reasonable in design, simple structure, gland sealing ring can give way in the axial.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that above-mentioned problem adopted is: the utility model provides a but steam turbine gland structure of axial yielding, includes gland casing, gland ring sum rotor, the gland ring is located between gland casing and the rotor, be provided with gland casing groove, its characterized in that in the gland casing: the steam seal ring is formed by connecting two half steam seal rings with the same structure in a bilateral symmetry mode through a hinge structure, the hinge structure is installed on the top surfaces of the two half steam seal rings, and the half steam seals can rotate around the hinge structure; shoulders are arranged at the upper parts of the two half steam seal rings, the shoulders are arranged in the steam seal body groove, and the top surfaces of the shoulders are connected with the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove through an elastic component; the end faces of the lower parts of the two half steam seal rings are provided with steam seal teeth, a certain gap is kept between the steam seal teeth and the rotor, and the steam seal teeth are arc-shaped curved teeth.
Preferably, the elastic component adopts a spring, the spring is made of a material with a certain elastic coefficient, and the fixing modes of the two ends of the spring, the top surface of the shoulder and the top wall surface of the gland casing groove adopt bolt-head studs or welding, and of course, other fixing modes can be adopted as long as stability and reliability are ensured.
Preferably, the elastic member is capable of expanding or contracting in response to a change in temperature.
Preferably, the hinge structure comprises two tabs hinged together through a hinge column, and the two tabs are respectively connected with the two half gland rings.
Preferably, the lapping sheet is provided with a hinge hole, a fastener is arranged in the hinge hole, the lapping sheet and the half gland sealing ring are fixed together by the fastener, and the fastener is a screw.
Preferably, the six gland rings constitute a full-circle gland for performing a circle of gland sealing on the rotor.
Preferably, the steam seal tooth is made of ferrite stainless steel, has the advantage of small heat generated during friction with a rotor, and is not easy to bend.
The utility model also provides a but the steam turbine gland seal structure's that axial is given off working method specifically does:
when the unit is started in a cold state, steam parameters are low, the elastic part is in a contraction state, and a gap between the top surface of a shoulder of the steam seal ring and the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove is in a small value state, so that the gap between the steam seal tooth and the rotor is in a large state, and the dynamic and static collision and abrasion can be avoided under the condition of large rotation shaft vibration when the critical rotation speed of the rotor is exceeded during starting;
when the unit is in normal load operation, the temperature of the elastic part rises along with the rise of the steam temperature, then the elastic part expands, the gap between the top surface of the shoulder of the steam seal ring and the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove is increased, and the gap between the steam seal tooth and the rotor is reduced, so that the steam leakage is reduced, and good sealing is realized;
when the unit is started (or stopped), because the steam is different to the cylinder and the heating (or cooling) degree and the cylinder is different with rotor self expansion (or shrink) characteristics, the expansion difference is great in the start, thereby leading to the axial collision and abrasion, at this moment, two half steam seal rings rotate to the left and right sides respectively around the hinge post under the thrust effect, carry out the axial and give back, avoid or alleviate the axial collision and abrasion, when the axial collision and abrasion disappears, two half steam seal rings reset under self gravity, make the clearance of steam seal tooth and rotor be in less value state afterwards.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, have following advantage and effect:
1. the radial movement of the gland sealing ring is realized by utilizing the elastic component which can expand or contract along with the change of the temperature of steam, on one hand, the gap between the gland sealing tooth and the rotor is ensured to be in a larger state in the cold starting process of the unit, so that the dynamic and static rubbing can be avoided under the larger vibration of the rotating shaft when the critical rotating speed of the rotor is started, and on the other hand, the gap between the gland sealing tooth and the rotor is ensured to be reduced when the unit is in normal loaded operation, thereby reducing the steam leakage and realizing good sealing;
2. the design that the gland sealing ring is divided into two parts: the two half steam seal rings are adopted to form one steam seal ring, and the half steam seal rings are rotatably arranged so as to perform axial yielding, and when a unit is started (or stopped), the axial yielding of the half steam seal rings avoids or reduces axial collision and abrasion caused by large expansion difference;
3. the steam seal tooth is designed into an arc-shaped curved tooth, when the steam seal tooth is subjected to oblique thrust F of a rotor, the forces after the F is decomposed along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are respectively F2 and F1, the steam seal tooth moves leftwards or rightwards along the horizontal direction due to horizontal component force F2, the steam seal tooth is connected with a steam seal ring, the steam seal ring moves towards two sides, the gap between the steam seal tooth and a rotating shaft is increased, and the collision and abrasion pressure and heat are reduced; the vertical component F1 transmits force to the gland ring through the gland tooth and then transmits the force to the elastic part, so that the elastic part is pressed, thereby increasing the clearance between the gland tooth and the rotor and weakening the collision and abrasion.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a hinge structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a force analysis diagram of the gland teeth on the right half gland ring in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the steam seal comprises a steam seal body 1, a steam seal body groove 11, a steam seal ring 2, a shoulder 21, an elastic component 3, a steam seal tooth 4, a rotor 5, a hinge structure 6, a butt strap 61, a hinge hole 7 and a hinge column 8.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Examples are given.
See fig. 1-3.
The embodiment is a steam turbine steam seal structure capable of axially yielding, and the steam turbine steam seal structure comprises a steam seal body 1, a steam seal ring 2 and a rotor 5. The gland sealing ring 2 is positioned between the gland sealing body 1 and the rotor 5, the six gland sealing rings 2 form a whole circle of gland sealing for carrying out a circle of gland sealing on the rotor 5, and a gland sealing body groove 11 is arranged in the gland sealing body 1.
In this embodiment, the gland sealing ring 2 is formed by connecting two half gland sealing rings with the same structure in a bilateral symmetry manner through a hinge structure 6, the hinge structure 6 is installed on the top surfaces of the two half gland sealing rings, and the half gland sealing rings can rotate around the hinge structure 6. Specifically, the hinge structure 6 includes two tabs 61, the two tabs 61 are hinged together by a hinge column 8, and the two tabs 61 are respectively connected with the two half gland rings. The lapping sheet 61 is provided with a hinge hole 7, a fastener is arranged in the hinge hole 7, the lapping sheet 61 and the half gland sealing ring are fixed together by the fastener, and the fastener can be a screw and the like, so that the reliable connection is ensured.
In the embodiment, shoulders 21 are arranged at the upper parts of the two half steam seal rings, the shoulders 21 are installed in the steam seal body groove 11, and the top surface of the shoulders 21 is connected with the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove 11 through an elastic component 3; the elastic component 3 is a spring made of a material with a certain elastic coefficient and capable of expanding or contracting correspondingly with the temperature change. The fixing mode of the two ends of the spring, the top surface of the shoulder 21 and the top wall surface of the gland casing groove 11 adopts bolt head studs or welding, and other fixing modes can be adopted, as long as stability and reliability are ensured.
In the embodiment, the steam seal teeth 4 are arranged on the lower end faces of the two half steam seal rings, and the steam seal teeth 4 are made of ferrite stainless steel, so that heat generated when the steam seal teeth 4 rub against the rotor is small, and the phenomenon of shaft bending is not easy to occur. A certain gap is kept between the steam seal teeth 4 and the rotor 5, in addition, the steam seal teeth 4 are designed into arc-shaped curved teeth, the arc-shaped curved teeth can enable the steam seal teeth 4 to be changed into oblique thrust by the thrust of the rotor, as shown in fig. 3, the steam seal teeth on the half steam seal ring on the right side can be changed into oblique thrust F by the oblique thrust of the rotor, the forces after the F is decomposed along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are respectively F2 and F1, the steam seal teeth can move rightwards along the horizontal direction by the component force F2 in the horizontal direction, the steam seal teeth together with the half steam seal ring move rightwards to perform axial yielding, the gap between the steam seal teeth and the rotor is increased, and the collision and abrasion pressure and heat are reduced; the vertical component F1 transmits force to the half gland sealing ring through the gland sealing teeth and then to the elastic part, so that the elastic part is pressed, the clearance between the gland sealing teeth and the rotor is increased, and the collision and abrasion are weakened; correspondingly, when the steam seal teeth on the left half steam seal ring are subjected to oblique thrust of the rotor, the component force in the horizontal direction of the oblique thrust enables the steam seal teeth to move leftwards along the horizontal direction, and the steam seal teeth together with the half steam seal ring move leftwards to perform axial yielding.
In this embodiment, the working method of the steam turbine gland seal structure capable of axially yielding specifically includes:
when the unit is started in a cold state, steam parameters are low, the elastic component 3 is in a contraction state, and a gap between the top surface of the shoulder 21 of the steam seal ring 2 and the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove 11 is in a small value state, so that the gap between the steam seal tooth 4 and the rotor 5 is in a large state, and when the critical rotating speed of the rotor is exceeded, even if a large rotating shaft vibrates, dynamic and static rubbing can be avoided, the steam seal tooth 4 is prevented from being abraded, the steam seal can play a good sealing role in the subsequent normal operation of the unit, dynamic and static friction and abrasion to the rotating shaft are avoided, and the safety in the starting of the unit is improved;
when the unit is in normal load operation, the temperature of the elastic component 3 is increased along with the increase of the steam temperature, then the elastic component 3 expands, the gap between the top surface of the shoulder 21 of the steam seal ring 2 and the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove 11 is increased, and the gap between the steam seal tooth 4 and the rotor 5 is reduced, so that the steam leakage is reduced, and good sealing is realized;
when the unit is started or stopped, the expansion difference is large during starting due to different heating or cooling degrees of steam to the cylinder and the rotor and different expansion or contraction characteristics of the cylinder and the rotor, if a sliding pin system fails, the steam seal steam leakage amount is large, a thrust bearing works abnormally and the like in the period, the expansion difference is further increased, the expansion difference is large, the axial gap between the steam seal teeth and the rotor disappears, and axial collision and abrasion are caused, at the moment, the two half steam seal rings rotate to the left side and the right side respectively around the hinge column 8 under the thrust action, axial yielding is carried out, axial collision and abrasion is avoided or reduced, after the axial collision and abrasion disappears, the two half steam seal rings reset under the self gravity, and then the gap between the steam seal teeth 4 and the rotor 5 is in a small value state.
In the embodiment, the radial movement of the gland sealing ring is realized by utilizing the elastic component which can expand or contract along with the change of the temperature of steam, so that on one hand, the gap between the gland sealing teeth and the rotor is ensured to be in a larger state in the cold starting process of the unit, and thus, when the critical rotating speed of the rotor is started, the dynamic and static impact abrasion can be avoided under the condition of larger rotating shaft vibration, and on the other hand, the gap between the gland sealing teeth and the rotor is ensured to be reduced in the normal loaded operation of the unit, thereby reducing the steam leakage and realizing good sealing; the design that the gland sealing ring is divided into two parts: adopt two half steam seal rings to constitute a steam seal ring, half steam seal ring rotates the setting to carry out the axial and give way, when the unit starts or shuts down, the axial of half steam seal ring is given way and is avoided or alleviateed because of the great axial that leads to of difference of expansion bumps the mill.
To traditional broach sealing, if the gland tooth is less with the rotor clearance, then easily lead to bumping between gland tooth and the pivot and grind, bump and grind and produce a large amount of heats, uneven distribution is on the rotor, thereby form the difference in temperature, lead to the rotor thermal bending, the production of thermal bending can further lead to the increase of vibration, the increase of vibration further leads to bumping and grinding, form vicious circle, and in this embodiment, elastomeric element 3 and hinge structure 6 make and keep certain elastic clearance between gland tooth and the rotor, even take place to bump and grind under the extreme condition, also can greatly reduced friction pressure and reduction friction heat. In addition, traditional broach seals are in order to guarantee the unit safe operation, then adjust the clearance between big vapor seal tooth and the pivot, obtain the safe operation of unit with the economic nature of sacrificing the unit, but under great steam leakage, not only cause the loss of the energy, and the high-pressure steam of leakage probably gets into the bearing box, pollute lubricating oil, the oil carries water, influence the performance of lubricating oil, the corruption of oil nature can lead to the vibration that influences the unit even accident such as tile burning naturally, bring very big hidden danger for unit safe operation, and this embodiment can be operated under keeping less elasticity clearance, the problem of traditional broach seals sacrifice economic nature has been solved, and effectively reduce the steam leakage volume.
The nonuniformity of the labyrinth annular chamber is an important reason for generating steam flow excitation, and once the steam flow excitation generated by the high-pressure rotor of the steam turbine has great influence on the safe operation of the unit, in the embodiment, due to the action of the elastic component 3 and the hinge structure 6, when the steam seal teeth move up and down and left and right along with the elastic component or the hinge structure, the steam pressure in the annular chamber formed by the steam seal teeth 4 and the rotor 5 can be relatively consistent, and the problems in the prior art can be reduced or avoided.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may be different in the components, the shapes of the components, the names of the components, and the like, and the above description is only an example of the structure of the present invention. All the equivalent changes or simple changes made according to the structure, characteristics and principle of the patent idea of the utility model are included in the protection scope of the patent of the utility model. Various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a but steam turbine gland structure of axial yielding, includes gland casing (1), gland ring (2) and rotor (5), gland ring (2) are located between gland casing (1) and rotor (5), be provided with gland casing groove (11), its characterized in that in gland casing (1): the steam seal ring (2) is formed by connecting two half steam seal rings with the same structure in a bilateral symmetry mode through a hinge structure (6), the hinge structure (6) is installed on the top surfaces of the two half steam seal rings, and the half steam seal rings can rotate around the hinge structure (6); shoulders (21) are arranged at the upper parts of the two half steam seal rings, the shoulders (21) are installed in the steam seal body groove (11), and the top surfaces of the shoulders (21) are connected with the top wall surface of the steam seal body groove (11) through an elastic component (3); the end faces of the lower parts of the two half steam seal rings are provided with steam seal teeth (4), a certain gap is kept between the steam seal teeth (4) and the rotor (5), and the steam seal teeth (4) are arc-shaped curved teeth.
2. The axially-shiftable steam turbine gland seal arrangement according to claim 1, wherein: the elastic part (3) is made of a spring made of a material with a certain elastic coefficient, and two ends of the spring, the top surface of the shoulder (21) and the top wall surface of the gland sealing body groove (11) are fixed in a bolt head stud or welded mode.
3. The axially-shiftable steam turbine gland seal arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the elastic component (3) can expand or contract correspondingly with the temperature change.
4. The axially-shiftable steam turbine gland seal arrangement according to claim 1, wherein: the hinge structure (6) comprises two tabs (61), the two tabs (61) are hinged together through a hinge column (8), and the two tabs (61) are respectively connected with two half steam seal rings.
5. The axially-shiftable steam turbine gland seal arrangement according to claim 4, wherein: the hinge hole (7) is formed in the lapping sheet (61), a fastening piece is arranged in the hinge hole (7), the lapping sheet (61) and the half gland sealing ring are fixed together by the fastening piece, and the fastening piece is a screw.
6. The axially-shiftable steam turbine gland seal arrangement according to claim 1, wherein: the six gland sealing rings (2) form a whole-circle gland seal for carrying out a circle of gland seal on the rotor (5).
7. The axially-shiftable steam turbine gland seal arrangement according to claim 1, wherein: the steam seal tooth (4) is made of ferrite stainless steel.
CN201920669003.2U 2019-05-10 2019-05-10 Steam turbine steam seal structure capable of axially yielding Active CN210289850U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110130997A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-16 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of Turbine Steam seal structure that can axially make a concession and its working method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110130997A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-16 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of Turbine Steam seal structure that can axially make a concession and its working method
CN110130997B (en) * 2019-05-10 2023-12-05 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 Steam turbine gland sealing structure capable of axially yielding and working method thereof

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