CN210200874U

CN210200874U - Bipolar plate of fuel cell

Info

Publication number: CN210200874U
Application number: CN201921337548.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: Fenghua Huang; 黄峰骅; Yongxiao Li; 李永孝
Original assignee: Shenzhen Sunshine Yunhai Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Sunshine Yunhai Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-16
Filing date: 2019-08-16
Publication date: 2020-03-27
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-16

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel cell bipolar plate, which comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate and a sealing part which is detachably connected with the cathode plate or the anode plate; the anode plate and the cathode plate are respectively provided with a first groove matched with the sealing part, and the first groove is internally provided with a fuel or oxidant inlet and outlet hole; the sealing part is provided with an opening which corresponds to the inlet and outlet holes of the fuel or the oxidant; a first sealing ring or a second groove is arranged around the opening, the first sealing ring is matched with the second groove, and the second sealing ring is matched with the third groove; and a fourth groove is further formed in the sealing component and is arranged on one side attached to the first groove. The bipolar plate adopts a detachable sealing part, the first sealing ring and the third groove are arranged on the sealing part, and the fourth groove is arranged on the sealing part in a combined manner, so that the sealing property and the water resistance of the fuel cell stack are greatly improved.

Description

Bipolar plate of fuel cell

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell technical field, concretely relates to fuel cell bipolar plate.

Background

A fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device capable of converting chemical energy into electric energy, and is not limited by carnot cycle, and theoretically, has an energy conversion efficiency higher than that of an internal combustion engine (up to 80% or more, generally not lower than 50%), and has many advantages such as zero emission and no mechanical noise, and thus is favored in military and civil fields.

In order to increase the total generated power of the Fuel Cell, a plurality of single cells are generally connected in series to form a Fuel Cell Stack (Fuel Cell Stack). In the fuel cell stack, except for the outermost two unit cells, the fuel flow field plate of the unit cell located inside the stack and the oxidant flow field plate of the unit cell adjacent thereto are closely attached. The structure of a fuel cell stack can be simplified and the reliability of operation of the fuel cell stack can be improved if the fuel flow field plates and the oxidant flow field plates, which are attached together, are fixedly joined together to form a single component, which is called a bipolar plate.

The bipolar plate is one of the key components in a fuel cell stack, in which various functions such as supporting a membrane electrode assembly, distributing reaction gas, transmitting current, conducting heat, and discharging water, which is a reaction product, are performed. Common fuel of the fuel cell is hydrogen, reformed gas, natural gas, purified gas, etc., and common oxidant is air, pure oxygen, etc. If the fuel cell is not well sealed, it will directly result in mixing of the fuel and oxidant, easily causing explosion. At present, the anode plate and the cathode plate of the metal bipolar plate of the fuel cell are sealed by a glue line groove and a glue line, but the sealing effect is poor, and the phenomenon of water leakage and water permeation can be caused after long-time operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects existing in the prior art and provide a bipolar plate of a fuel cell.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a fuel cell bipolar plate comprising an anode plate and a cathode plate, and a sealing member detachably attached to the cathode plate or the anode plate;

the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with first grooves matched with the sealing parts, and the first grooves are internally provided with inlet and outlet holes for fuel or oxidant; reaction areas are arranged on the cathode plate and the anode plate;

the sealing part is provided with an opening which corresponds to the inlet and outlet holes of the fuel or the oxidant; the periphery of the opening is provided with a first sealing ring or a second groove, one side of the anode plate and the cathode plate, which is not provided with the first groove, is provided with a second sealing ring or a third groove, and the second sealing ring or the third groove is arranged on the periphery of the fuel or oxidant inlet and outlet; the first sealing ring is matched with the second groove, and the second sealing ring is matched with the third groove; the sealing component is also provided with a fourth groove, the fourth groove is arranged on one side attached to the first groove, and the inlet and outlet holes of the fuel and the oxidant are respectively communicated with the reaction area through the fourth groove.

In the stack composed of the bipolar plates, the inlet and outlet holes of the fuel and the oxidant form two groups of fuel or oxidant circulation grooves, the fuel or the oxidant enters from the first bipolar plate, flows to the last bipolar plate through one group of circulation grooves in the two groups of fuel or oxidant circulation grooves, then flows to the first bipolar plate from the last bipolar plate through the other group of fuel or oxidant circulation grooves at one time, and is discharged from the stack through the first bipolar plate.

The sealing component can be connected with the cathode plate or the anode plate in the fixing process of the electric pile without arranging other components for connection. The openings in the sealing member correspond to the fuel or oxidant inlet and outlet holes and are of similar size and shape. The sealing component is matched with the first groove on the cathode plate or the anode plate and is embedded into the cathode plate or the anode plate, the thickness of the whole cathode plate or anode plate is not changed after the sealing component is matched and connected with the first groove, the sealing component is used for arranging a sealing ring or a second groove and a fourth groove, the shape of the sealing component is not limited, a sealing component can be arranged at an inlet hole or an outlet hole, and preferably, the inlet hole and the outlet hole which are positioned at the same side share one sealing component. The side of the negative plate, which is not provided with the reaction area, is connected with the side of the positive plate through a second sealing ring and a third groove, and a first sealing ring and a second groove can be respectively arranged on sealing parts arranged at the positions of an inlet hole and an outlet hole on the same polar plate; preferably, the same structure (the first sealing ring structure or the third groove structure on the sealing parts of the inlet and outlet positions on the same pole plate) is arranged on the same pole plate, for example, the first sealing ring structure is arranged on the sealing part of the cathode plate, and the third groove structure is arranged on the corresponding sealing part of the anode plate. The first sealing ring is matched with the second groove, and the second sealing ring is matched with the third groove, so that the sealing property between two adjacent polar plates is improved, and the possibility of liquid leakage is reduced.

Bipolar plate has adopted a detachable seal part, sets up first sealing washer and second recess on seal part to combine the fourth recess that sets up on seal part, fuel and oxidant pass through fourth recess and reaction area intercommunication, greatly improve the leakproofness and the waterproof nature of fuel cell pile.

Preferably, a fuel channel or an oxidant channel forming a communicating groove is arranged on the reaction region, and the fuel channel and the oxidant channel are respectively connected with the fourth groove.

The fuel flow channel or the oxidant flow channel is in a parallel form or a series form, and the design of the sealing part can be suitable.

Preferably, the fuel flow channel and the oxidant flow channel are respectively communicated with the joints of the fourth grooves in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The one-to-one correspondence communication means that if the positions where the fuel channels or the oxidant channels are connected to the fourth grooves are more than two channels, the sealing member is provided with a corresponding number of fourth grooves in correspondence with each channel.

Preferably, the fuel flow channel or the oxidant flow channel is a parallel serpentine flow channel, a parallel flow channel or an interlaced flow channel.

Preferably, the material of the bipolar plate is an electrically conductive material.

Preferably, the material of the bipolar plate is a carbon plate, a metal or a conductive composite material. Adopt bipolar plate structure all is applicable to the bipolar plate of above-mentioned material, homoenergetic improves leakproofness and prevention of seepage water nature.

Preferably, the anode plate and the cathode plate are pressed with sealing flanges at the periphery.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the utility model provides a fuel cell bipolar plate, bipolar plate has adopted a detachable seal part, sets up first sealing washer and third recess on seal part to combine the fourth recess that sets up on seal part, fuel and oxidant pass through fourth recess and reaction area intercommunication, greatly improve the leakproofness and the waterproof nature of fuel cell pile.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a cathode plate with a sealing member mounted thereto;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an anode plate with a sealing member installed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cathode plate on the side where the first groove is not formed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate on the side not provided with the first groove;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bipolar plate of a fuel cell according to example 1, in which a seal member is not mounted;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a seal member of embodiment 1 on the side provided with a fourth groove;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a seal member provided with a seal ring according to example 1;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a sealing member on the side provided with the second groove according to embodiment 1.

Wherein, 1, anode plate or cathode plate; 2. a sealing member; 101. a first groove; 102. an inlet or outlet for fuel or oxidant; 103. an inlet or outlet for fuel or oxidant; 104. a second seal ring; 105. a third groove; 106. a fuel flow channel and an oxidant flow channel; 107. a sealing flange; 108. an inlet or outlet for fuel or oxidant; 109. a first seal ring; 110. a second seal ring; 111. a second groove; 112. a third groove; 201. opening a hole; 202. a first seal ring; 203. a second groove; 204. and a fourth groove.

Detailed Description

For better illustrating the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

An embodiment of a bipolar plate of a fuel cell of the present invention, the structure schematic diagram of the bipolar plate of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1-6, the bipolar plate includes an anode plate and a cathode plate 1, and a sealing member 2 detachably connected to the cathode plate or the anode plate, the anode plate and the cathode plate 1 are respectively provided with a first groove 101 matched with the sealing member 2, and the first groove 101 is internally provided with inlet and outlet holes (102, 103, 108) for fuel or oxidant; inlet or outlet holes (102, 103) for fuel or oxidant are provided at the same end of the anode plate or cathode plate (if 102 is the inlet hole for fuel, 103 is the outlet hole for fuel, and 108 is the inlet and outlet hole for oxidant), and the cathode plate and anode plate are provided with reaction zones.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a cathode plate to which a sealing member is attached, fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an anode plate to which a sealing member is attached, and in fig. 1 and 2, the sealing member 2 is provided with two openings 201, and the openings 201 correspond to inlet and outlet holes (102, 103) for fuel or oxidant; first sealing rings (202, 109) are arranged around inlet and outlet holes (102, 103, 108) of fuel or oxidant in fig. 1, second grooves (203, 111) are arranged around inlet and outlet holes (102, 103, 108) of fuel or oxidant in fig. 2, the first sealing rings (202, 109) are matched with the second grooves (203, 111), the anode plate and the cathode plate are isolated by a proton exchange membrane, and the first sealing rings and the second grooves are matched (202 is matched with 111, 109 is matched with 203) to enhance the sealing performance.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cathode plate on the side where the first groove is not formed, fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an anode plate on the side where the first groove is not formed, and in fig. 3 and fig. 4, second sealing rings (104, 110) and third grooves (105, 112) are arranged around inlet and outlet holes (102, 103, 108) for fuel or oxidant; the second sealing ring (104, 110) is matched with the third groove (105, 112), and the second sealing ring (104, 110) is matched with the third groove (105, 112) for connection and sealing.

The sealing component 2 is further provided with a fourth groove 204, the fourth groove 204 is arranged on one side attached to the first groove 101, and the inlet and outlet holes (102, 103) of the fuel or the oxidant are respectively communicated with the reaction area through the fourth groove 204. Fuel or oxidant enters through the fourth groove 204 from the inlet holes and flows into the fuel and oxidant flow channels 106.

The reaction region is provided with a fuel flow channel or an oxidant flow channel 106 which forms a communicating groove, the connecting parts of the fuel flow channel and the oxidant flow channel 106 and the fourth groove 204 are respectively communicated in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the fuel flow channel or the oxidant flow channel 106 is a plurality of parallel serpentine flow channels, and the forms of other flow channels can also be applied. The anode plate and the cathode plate are made of carbon plates, and the structure is also applicable to other conductive materials.

The anode plate and the cathode plate are pressed with sealing flanges 107 around them.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell bipolar plate, wherein the bipolar plate comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate, and a sealing member detachably attached to the cathode plate or the anode plate;

2. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the reaction region is provided with fuel flow channels or oxidant flow channels forming communicating grooves, the fuel flow channels and the oxidant flow channels being connected to the fourth grooves, respectively.

3. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 2, wherein the fuel flow channels and the oxidant flow channels are in one-to-one correspondence with the junctions of the fourth grooves, respectively.

4. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 3, wherein said fuel flow channels or said oxidant flow channels are parallel serpentine flow channels, parallel flow channels, or staggered flow channels.

5. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the material of the bipolar plate is an electrically conductive material.

6. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the material of the bipolar plate is a carbon plate, a metal, or a conductive composite.

7. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate are pressed with a sealing flange at the periphery thereof.