CN210200872U

CN210200872U - Drop-shaped proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack cooling flow channel

Info

Publication number: CN210200872U
Application number: CN201920791516.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: Shan Wang; 王珊; Xin Xu; 徐鑫; Shijun You; 由世俊; Donglin Han; 韩冬林
Original assignee: Tianjin Sino German Vocational Technical College
Current assignee: Tianjin Sino German Vocational Technical College
Priority date: 2019-05-29
Filing date: 2019-05-29
Publication date: 2020-03-27
Anticipated expiration: 2029-05-29

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a water drop-shaped proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack cooling runner, which comprises a cooling plate, wherein an inlet runner, a water drop-shaped cooling runner and an outlet runner are arranged on the cooling plate; the water drop-shaped cooling flow channels are arranged in the forward direction or the reverse direction, are distributed in the cooling plate in a staggered mode or in a parallel mode, and the inlet flow channels and the outlet flow channels are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the cooling plate in an up-and-down symmetrical mode. The utility model provides a fuel cell cooling runner can improve the cooling effect of cooling plate, makes the coolant liquid distribute comparatively evenly, reduces the production of local focus, improves fuel cell's total efficiency.

Description

Drop-shaped proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack cooling flow channel

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell technical field especially relates to a water droplet shape proton exchange membrane fuel cell pile cooling runner.

Background

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts chemical energy stored in a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy isothermally according to electrochemical principles. Among a wide variety of fuel cells, the pem fuel cell is an energy conversion device with environmental friendliness and high conversion efficiency, has the advantages of rapid start at room temperature, high specific power and specific energy and the like, and is most expected to become one of the substitutes of energy for automobiles and residents. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell as a low-temperature fuel cell typically has an operating temperature range of 60-85 ℃, generates a large amount of heat during operation, mainly generated by chemical reaction and water condensation, and has a small heat dissipation temperature difference, and insufficient or ineffective cooling of the cell can cause the temperature of the whole or local cell to be too high, so that the membrane is dehydrated, shrunk, folded or even cracked, and the performance and the service life of the cell are greatly influenced. The fuel cell usually adopts liquid cooling under high-power, and the unnecessary heat that the reaction produced can be taken away to the coolant liquid in the cooling plate, and the design of cooling runner has very big influence to the heat dissipation of fuel cell pile, and good design can make temperature distribution more even in the pile, takes away more heats under lower cooling water flow, reduces the output of water pump, improves fuel cell's efficiency. The parallel flow channel is one of typical conventional fuel cell cooling flow channels, and the typical flow channel includes an inlet flow channel having an inlet, an outlet flow channel having an outlet, and at least one branch flow channel, wherein an inlet of each branch flow channel is respectively communicated with the inlet flow channel, an outlet of each branch flow channel is respectively communicated with the outlet flow channel, and the cooling liquid enters the flow channel through the inlet and is discharged from the outlet through the flow channel. Due to the structural characteristics of the parallel flow channels, the temperature distribution is uneven, and a large number of hot spots are generated in the battery under the high current density, so that the performance and the service life of the battery are influenced. The serpentine flow channels, although having good heat dissipation properties, have excessive pressure loss in the flow of the coolant within the plates, resulting in a reduction in the overall efficiency of the fuel cell.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a water drop-shaped proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack cooling runner.

The utility model discloses a realize above-mentioned purpose, adopt following technical scheme: a drop-shaped proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack cooling flow channel is characterized in that: the cooling device comprises a cooling plate, wherein an inlet flow channel, a water drop-shaped cooling flow channel and an outlet flow channel are arranged on the cooling plate; the water drop-shaped cooling flow channels are arranged in the forward direction or the reverse direction, are distributed in the cooling plate in a staggered mode or in a parallel mode, and the inlet flow channels and the outlet flow channels are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the cooling plate in an up-and-down symmetrical mode.

Preferably, the outer wall of the cooling plate is streamline and smooth.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are that, the utility model discloses a redesign the cooling runner, set up drop shape cooling runner in the inside of runner, can make the effectual part that flows the ridge between the runner of coolant liquid, make under the ridge or near can not gather the coolant liquid, promote the flow of coolant liquid, make the coolant liquid in the runner can all flow, reach the export through the runner outflow, effectively prevent or alleviate local focus, and coolant liquid and bipolar plate heat transfer everywhere are more even, the flow resistance is lower, only need lower pumping power can realize better cooling effect. In summary, the present invention provides a fuel cell cooling channel, which can improve the cooling effect of the cooling plate, so that the cooling liquid is distributed uniformly, thereby reducing the generation of local hot spots and improving the overall efficiency of the fuel cell.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling flow channel of a drop-shaped pem fuel cell stack.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, a cooling flow channel of a drop-shaped pem fuel cell stack includes a cooling flow channel disposed on a cooling plate; the drop-shaped cooling flow channel comprises an inlet flow channel 1 with an inlet, a drop-shaped flow channel 2, an outlet flow channel 3 with an outlet and a cooling flow channel outer wall 4. The cooling plate can adopt different materials according to different uses, can be combined with fuel cell bipolar plates with different forms and different materials, and the inlet flow passage 1 and the outlet flow passage 3 are generally arranged in an up-and-down symmetrical manner and can be adjusted according to actual conditions. The water drop-shaped cooling flow channels 2 can be arranged in the forward direction or the reverse direction, and are distributed in the cooling plate in a staggered manner or in a parallel manner, the size and the number of the water drop-shaped cooling flow channels can be adjusted and arranged according to the output power of the fuel cell stack, and the higher the power of the fuel cell is, the smaller the size of the flow channels is, and the denser the flow channels are. The outer wall 4 of the cooling flow channel is generally streamline, and the wall surface is smooth as much as possible, so that the flowing of cooling liquid on the wall surface is facilitated, and the friction resistance of the cooling liquid in the flow channel is reduced. The special water drop structure of the utility model utilizes the similar principle, can make the cooling liquid effectively flow to the ridge part between the runners, and can not gather the cooling liquid under the ridge or nearby, thereby promoting the flow of the cooling liquid, leading the cooling liquid in the runners to flow completely and reach the outlet through the flowing of the runners, and effectively preventing or relieving local hot spots; and according to the similarity principle, the resistance of the cooling liquid in the cooling flow channel is relatively small, so that the cooling performance of the fuel cell is improved. The uniformity of heat dissipation and the reduction of resistance, and the comprehensive performance of the fuel cell is improved due to the two functions.

Adopt the utility model discloses proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack cooling runner with water droplet runner: at the inlet of the flow channel, cooling liquid at a certain temperature enters the flow channel from the outside at a certain flow speed, and because the flow channel is in a water drop shape, the cooling liquid in the flow channel can continuously collide, so that the flow speed of the cooling liquid is basically the same, and the flow of the cooling liquid in the flow channel is facilitated; meanwhile, due to the special water drop structure in the flow channel, the cooling liquid in the flow channel is uniformly distributed, and the pressure drop of the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet is small; the two aspects of the function strengthen the convection heat transfer of the cooling liquid in the flow channel, and play a role in strengthening the heat transfer, the forced convection function in the flow channel has a dredging function on the cooling liquid in the flow channel, so that the cooling liquid flows out of the flow channel more easily, the pressure loss of the fluid along the flowing direction is reduced, and the total efficiency of the fuel cell is improved. For the fuel cell under the heavy current working condition, the flow channel structure has more obvious superiority and higher total efficiency.

The cooling flow channel of the drop-shaped pem fuel cell stack of fig. 1 provided in the embodiments of the present invention is compared with the multi-channel serpentine flow channel. Under the same active area, the temperature distribution and pressure drop of the drop-shaped flow channel and the multi-channel snake-shaped flow channel under the same conditions are simulated. The active area of the model was approximately the same and the inlet flow was 4 x 10-6m 3/s.

Under the same condition, the maximum temperature difference of the surfaces of the water drop-shaped runners is 7.7, and the maximum temperature difference of the surfaces of the multi-channel serpentine runners is 4.4; the average temperature of the surfaces of the two flow channels is basically the same; under the same conditions, the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the water drop-shaped flow passage is 934.5, while the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the multi-channel serpentine flow passage is 10803.4, which is about 11.6 of the water drop-shaped flow passage. When the inlet flow is increased, the maximum temperature difference of the surfaces of the drop-shaped flow channels is gradually reduced, the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet is not greatly changed, and although the maximum temperature difference of the surfaces of the multi-channel serpentine flow channels is gradually reduced, the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet is multiplied.

Adopt the utility model discloses a water droplet shape cooling runner is under same boundary condition, and the efficiency of battery has obtained obvious promotion, and its cooling performance is also relatively better, thereby proves the utility model discloses the superiority of cooling runner structure in the aspect of improving battery performance.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drop-shaped proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack cooling flow channel is characterized in that: the cooling device comprises a cooling plate, wherein an inlet flow channel, a water drop-shaped cooling flow channel and an outlet flow channel are arranged on the cooling plate; the water drop-shaped cooling flow channels are arranged in the forward direction or the reverse direction, are distributed in the cooling plate in a staggered mode or in a parallel mode, and the inlet flow channels and the outlet flow channels are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the cooling plate in an up-and-down symmetrical mode.

2. The drop-shaped pem fuel cell stack cooling channel of claim 1, wherein the outer wall of said cooling plate is streamlined and smooth.