CN210176971U - Graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis - Google Patents
Graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN210176971U CN210176971U CN201920947116.4U CN201920947116U CN210176971U CN 210176971 U CN210176971 U CN 210176971U CN 201920947116 U CN201920947116 U CN 201920947116U CN 210176971 U CN210176971 U CN 210176971U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a graphite crucible for electrolysis of tombarthite fused salt, the graphite crucible outside is a square structure, the inner chamber that is located graphite crucible central point and puts still is used for placing the positive pole piece of arranging along crucible inner wall hoop in cylindrical cavity and the round platform shape graphite thickening district of holding down cylindrical cavity (1) that holds that divides into intercommunication of each other in proper order, round platform shape graphite thickening district (2), round platform shape recess district (3), the upper end bore of round platform shape graphite thickening district and round platform shape recess district all is greater than the lower extreme bore, the lower extreme bore of round platform shape graphite thickening district is the upper end bore of round platform shape recess district promptly. The device can reduce the loss of the side wall of the graphite crucible and prolong the actual service life of the graphite crucible; in addition, the metal liquid drops can fall into the metal receiver as much as possible, so that the slagging amount is reduced, and the metal purity is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a tombarthite fused salt electrolysis equipment field, concretely relates to a graphite crucible for tombarthite fused salt electrolysis.
Background
The molten salt electrolytic process of rare earth metal is one main production process of producing rare earth metal and its alloy, and the crucible of electrolytic bath (furnace lining) is made of graphite material and used as key equipment of the process, and its structure directly affects the quality, work efficiency and production cost of rare earth metal product. A fluoride electrolytic system is mostly adopted for producing rare earth metals by a molten salt electrolytic method, the adopted electrolytic tank is open, a cathode bar is inserted into the middle of a crucible during electrolysis, and a graphite anode sheet is hung on the periphery of the crucible, so that an electrode is formed to generate an electric field, and the smelting temperature is over 1000 ℃. After the rare earth oxide is added into the graphite crucible, the rare earth oxide is dissolved by the aid of high temperature and molten salt, the separated rare earth metal ions tend to the cathode under the action of an electric field, and the separated oxygen reacts with graphite materials (carbon) in the crucible to form gas volatilization.
The metal receiver that an appearance is regular cylinder is just placed to the position to the cathode bar lower part, the metal liquid drop that the reaction generated is enriched on the cathode bar, the metal liquid drop reaches in certain weight back from the cathode bar bottom whereabouts to the metal receiver, the metal liquid drop is from the cathode bar in-process that drops, receives molten salt system self flow influence, its whereabouts track inequality shifts, finally falls outside the metal receiver, mixes with other impurity and forms the slagging, not only increased the recovery degree of difficulty, still reduced metal purity. At present, the metal receiver used in the rare earth molten salt electrolysis production is in a regular barrel-shaped structure, the outer side wall of the metal receiver needs to be manually clamped by steel pincers during discharging, the metal receiver is lifted out from a groove at the bottom of a graphite crucible, and the outer side wall surface of the metal receiver is smooth and perpendicular to the bottom surface, so that the metal receiver is influenced by external force in the clamping process and is inevitably inclined or slid to cause molten steel to spill.
In general, oxygen reacts with graphite anode sheets to cause anode consumption, which requires periodic replacement after anode loss. Because the crucible is also made of graphite material, the high-temperature fused salt added with the rare earth oxide in the electrolytic bath has the electric conduction function, and the furnace wall of the graphite crucible and the anode form the equipotential, therefore, the furnace wall of the crucible facing the cathode and without the barrier of the anode can also generate an electric field with the cathode, under the combined action of the electric field and the high temperature, oxygen reacts with carbon on the furnace wall to generate gas volatilization, and the consumption of the furnace wall is caused. At present, graphite crucibles used for the rare earth fused salt electrolysis production are all regular cylinder structures, in the actual production, at least 2 groups of anode sheets are symmetrically distributed by taking a cathode bar as a central shaft, one end of each anode sheet is fixed on a clamp, the anode sheets are annularly arranged and suspended in electrolyte along the inner wall of the graphite crucible by adjusting the position of the clamp, the distance between the bottom end of each anode sheet and the bottom end of the crucible is usually kept at 100-plus-300 mm, the crucible wall of the distance section is directly involved in the electrolysis reaction because the anode sheet is not shielded, the consumption of the graphite crucible is mainly concentrated at the position, and the exposed furnace wall is positioned at the end faces of a cathode and an anode and is an electric field intense reaction zone, so that the corrosion and consumption to the crucible wall are accelerated, the furnace wall is thinned and perforated, and the service life of the graphite crucible; in addition, in the use process of the anode strips, due to the problems of cutting or actual size, after the anode strips are installed, a certain gap exists between every two adjacent anode strips, the graphite crucible position corresponding to the gap is used as an anode to participate in reaction due to the fact that the shielding of the anode strips is lost, the consumption is relatively serious, at present, two groups of four anode strips are adopted in the small furnace type below ten thousand amperes at home, and along with the fact that the inner wall of the graphite crucible is corroded to form four grooves. In addition, the metal slag in the electrolyte is mainly enriched at the lower part in the crucible, so that the phenomenon of 'lifting' is avoided, an operator needs to frequently stir the furnace, and the molybdenum rod tip is used for scraping the enriched metal slag on the crucible wall, so that mechanical damage is inevitably caused to the lower middle part of the crucible, the crucible loss is further increased, huge depressions are generated, even the electrolyte is leaked, and the service life of the crucible is seriously shortened.
In summary, the graphite electrolytic cell and the components thereof have the following problems in the using process: (1) the loss of the side wall and the middle lower part of the graphite crucible is serious, and the actual service life of the graphite crucible is too short; (2) the metal droplets generated by the reaction can not completely enter the metal receiver, and a part of the metal droplets can fall outside the metal receiver, so that the part of the metal participates in slagging, and the purity of the product is reduced; (3) the manual clamping is unstable when the molten steel is discharged, and the metal receiver is easy to incline or slide, so that the molten steel is spilled to cause loss, and the molten steel is seriously harmful to personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a graphite crucible for rare earth fused salt electrolysis, which can reduce the loss of the side wall of the graphite crucible and prolong the actual service life of the graphite crucible; in addition, the metal liquid drops can fall into the metal receiver as much as possible, so that the slagging amount is reduced, and the metal purity is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis is of a square structure, an inner cavity located in the center of the graphite crucible is sequentially divided into a cylindrical containing cavity, a truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area and a truncated cone-shaped groove area which are communicated with each other from top to bottom, anode plates arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the crucible are placed in the cylindrical containing cavity and the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area, a bottom horizontal metal receiver is placed in the truncated cone-shaped groove area, the upper end calibers of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area and the upper end calibers of the truncated cone-shaped groove area are larger than the lower end calibers, and the lower end calibers of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area are the upper end calibers of the truncated cone.
Furthermore, the vertical distance from the bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped groove area to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is consistent with the depth of the truncated cone-shaped groove area.
Furthermore, the included angle between the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped groove area and the central line of the graphite crucible is 5-30 degrees.
Furthermore, the included angle between the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region and the central line of the graphite crucible is 30-60 degrees.
Furthermore, the vertical distance from the upper port of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is at least 1/3 of the overall height of the graphite crucible outside.
Further, the metal receiver is of a bowl-shaped structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part and is consistent with the truncated cone-shaped groove area.
Furthermore, the included angle between the side wall of the metal receiver and the central line of the graphite crucible is smaller than the included angle between the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped groove area and the central line of the graphite crucible.
Furthermore, the upper port of the metal receiver is higher than the upper port of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove area by at least 3 cm.
Further, the thickness of the metal receiver is at least 1cm, and the gap between the metal receiver and the truncated cone-shaped groove area is at least 1 cm.
Further, the vertical distance from the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove area to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is at least the minimum distance from the inner wall of the cylindrical containing chamber to the outer side wall of the graphite crucible.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:
(1) the crucible side wall of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area in the utility model is thicker than the crucible side wall of the cylindrical accommodating chamber, which is equivalent to that the thickening layer is arranged at the middle lower part of the graphite crucible, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the crucible and prolonging the service life of the graphite crucible; the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped groove area for fixing the metal receiver and the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area form a certain inclination angle, so that metal liquid drops with deviation of a falling track can slide into the metal receiver along the inclined inner wall, the metal collection rate is improved, and the slag forming amount is reduced;
(2) the utility model adopts a cube structure as a whole, ensures that the joint between every two anode sheets corresponds to a right-angle edge of the cube, and four joints correspond to four right-angle edges, thereby obviously increasing the wall thickness of the crucible at the joint and improving the loss resistance of the crucible at the corresponding position;
(3) the opening diameter of the metal receiver is increased, the receiving area of the metal liquid drops is increased, the receiving rate of the metal liquid drops is correspondingly improved, the metal slagging amount is reduced, and the metal purity is increased; in addition, the metal receiver adopts a bowl-shaped structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, so that the phenomenon that the metal receiver slips or inclines in the clamping process when the metal receiver is discharged from the furnace is prevented, a worker can conveniently and smoothly pull the metal receiver out of the electrolyte, and the metal yield is ensured while the stability is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the cylindrical containing cavity 2, a cone-shaped graphite thickening area 3, a cone-shaped groove area 4 and a metal receiver.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis, the graphite crucible being externally of a cube structure, a cavity located at the center of the graphite crucible being filled with molten salt electrolyte, the cavity being divided into a cylindrical containing chamber 1, a truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region 2, and a truncated cone-shaped groove region 3 from top to bottom, the cylindrical containing chamber 1 and the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region 2 being internally used for placing anode strips circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the crucible, the truncated cone-shaped groove region 3 being used for placing a bottom horizontal metal receiver 4, the upper end apertures of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region 2 and the truncated cone-shaped groove region 3 being larger than the lower end aperture, the lower end aperture of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region 2 being the upper end aperture of the truncated cone-shaped groove region 3; this design ensures that the metal droplets can fall vertically from the lower end of the cathode rod into the metal receiver 4 under their own weight.
The vertical distance from the bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped groove region 3 to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is consistent with the depth of the truncated cone-shaped groove region 3. The included angle between the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped groove area 3 and the central line of the graphite crucible is 5-30 degrees. From the circular truncated cone groove area 3 upwards, namely the wall thickness of the graphite crucible in the circular truncated cone graphite thickening area 2 is thicker than the side wall of the crucible of the cylindrical containing chamber, which is equivalent to that the graphite crucible is provided with a thickening layer at the middle lower part, the thickening layer is integrated with the graphite crucible and is positioned at the middle lower part of the graphite crucible with the most serious consumption, and due to the increase of the thickness at the position, the corrosion resistance of the graphite crucible is enhanced, and the service life is prolonged accordingly.
In the electrolytic reaction, the generated metal particles are enriched on the surface of the cathode bar, the more the particles are gathered along with the reaction, liquid metal droplets are formed, the weight of the liquid metal droplets is bound by the cathode bar after reaching a certain value, the liquid metal droplets fall from the bottom end of the cathode bar and vertically fall into the metal receiver 4 under the action of gravity, but in the actual production, the falling tracks of the metal droplets are often deviated in the falling process due to the influence of external factors such as the rolling of reaction molten salt or the self-flowing of the molten salt, and finally fall out of the metal receiver 4, aiming at the problem, in the technical scheme, the included angle between the side wall of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove area 3 and the central line of the graphite crucible is 5-30 degrees; the included angle between the side wall of the circular truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area 2 and the central line of the graphite crucible is 30-60 degrees, the effect of the circular truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening area is that metal liquid drops with deviation of a falling track can slide to the position of a metal receiver 4 along the inclined inner wall, the metal collection rate is improved along with the metal liquid drops, and meanwhile, the metal slagging amount is also reduced.
The vertical distance from the upper port of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region 2 to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is at least 1/3 of the overall height of the graphite crucible outside. Thus, the middle lower part of the graphite crucible is completely thickened to enhance the corrosion resistance and prolong the service life of the graphite crucible.
The metal receiver 4 is of a bowl-shaped structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part and is consistent with the circular truncated cone-shaped groove area 3; the included angle between the side wall of the metal receiver 4 and the central line of the graphite crucible is smaller than the included angle between the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped groove area 3 and the central line of the graphite crucible; the upper port of the metal receiver 4 is higher than the upper port of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove area 3 by at least 3 cm. By the design, the crucible tongs can rapidly and stably clamp the metal receiver 4 to the furnace platform when the metal receiver is discharged from the furnace, so that the metal receiver 4 is prevented from being inclined or even sliding off in the process of being clamped out of the electrolyte, molten steel is prevented from being spilled, and the metal yield is ensured while the safety and stability are improved.
In order to improve the service life of the metal receiver 4, the thickness of the metal receiver 4 is at least 1cm, and the clearance between the metal receiver 4 and the truncated cone-shaped groove area 3 is at least 1cm, so that the metal receiver 4 and the truncated cone-shaped groove area 3 can be effectively separated when the metal receiver is discharged from the furnace.
As shown in the attached figure 2, the distance from the side wall of the inner cavity of the graphite crucible to the outer side wall of the graphite crucible is D, Dmin is the shortest distance from the middle position of each outer side wall of the graphite crucible to the side wall of the inner cavity of the graphite crucible, Dmax is the farthest distance from the intersection of the two right-angle outer side walls of the graphite crucible to the side wall of the inner cavity of the graphite crucible, and Dmin is less than or equal to Dmax, and meanwhile, the vertical distance from the bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped groove area 3 to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is at least the minimum distance Dmin from the inner. The design determines the minimum standard of the thickness of the graphite crucible, and can avoid the influence on the whole service life of the graphite crucible caused by the advanced consumption of partial positions due to the inconsistent thickness of the graphite crucible.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a graphite crucible for electrolysis of tombarthite fused salt, a serial communication port, the graphite crucible outside is a square structure, the inner chamber that is located graphite crucible central point and puts is from last to dividing into cylindrical chamber (1) that holds of mutual intercommunication down in proper order, round platform shape graphite thickening district (2), round platform shape recess district (3), cylindrical chamber (1) and the round platform shape graphite thickening district (2) of holding are used for placing along the anode plate that the crucible inner wall hoop was arranged, round platform shape recess district (3) are used for placing bottom horizontally metal receiver (4), the upper end bore of round platform shape graphite thickening district (2) and round platform shape recess district (3) all is greater than the lower extreme bore, the lower extreme bore of round platform shape graphite thickening district (2) is the upper end bore of round platform shape recess district (3) promptly.
2. The graphite crucible for molten salt electrolysis of rare earth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical distance from the bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped groove region (3) to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is the same as the depth of the truncated cone-shaped groove region (3).
3. The graphite crucible for molten salt electrolysis of rare earth as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the included angle between the side wall of the truncated cone shaped groove region (3) and the center line of the graphite crucible is 5-30 °.
4. The graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the included angle between the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped graphite thickening region (2) and the central line of the graphite crucible is 30-60 °.
5. The graphite crucible for molten salt electrolysis of rare earth as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the vertical distance from the upper port of the truncated cone shaped graphite thickening region (2) to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is at least 1/3 of the overall height of the outside of the graphite crucible.
6. A graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal receiver (4) is a bowl-shaped structure wide at the top and narrow at the bottom and conforms to the truncated cone shaped groove region (3).
7. A graphite crucible for molten salt electrolysis of rare earth according to claim 6, characterized in that the angle between the side wall of the metal receiver (4) and the center line of the graphite crucible is smaller than the angle between the side wall of the truncated cone shaped groove region (3) and the center line of the graphite crucible.
8. Graphite crucible for molten salt electrolysis of rare earths according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper mouth of the metal receiver (4) is at least 3cm higher than the upper mouth of the truncated-cone-shaped groove region (3).
9. A graphite crucible for molten salt electrolysis of rare earths according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickness of the metal receiver (4) is at least 1cm and the gap between the metal receiver (4) and the truncated-cone-shaped groove region (3) is at least 1 cm.
10. A graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the vertical distance from the bottom surface of the truncated cone shaped groove region (3) to the bottom surface of the graphite crucible is at least the minimum distance from the inner wall of the cylindrical receiving chamber (1) to the outer side wall of the graphite crucible.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920947116.4U CN210176971U (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920947116.4U CN210176971U (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Graphite crucible for rare earth molten salt electrolysis |
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| CN210176971U true CN210176971U (en) | 2020-03-24 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114703512A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-05 | 山东南稀金石新材料有限公司 | Novel lower heating graphite crucible |
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2019
- 2019-06-21 CN CN201920947116.4U patent/CN210176971U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114703512A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-05 | 山东南稀金石新材料有限公司 | Novel lower heating graphite crucible |
| CN114703512B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2024-06-25 | 山东南稀金石新材料有限公司 | Novel lower heating graphite crucible |
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Effective date of registration: 20220105 Address after: 272000 middle section of Yinghua Road, Maying Town, Liangshan County, Jining City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Shandong Nanxi Jinshi new material Co.,Ltd. Address before: 221000 Road 7, energy development zone, Datun mining area, Pei County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: JIANGSU JINSHI RARE EARTH CO.,LTD. |