CN210155073U - Harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic material - Google Patents
Harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN210155073U CN210155073U CN201920758460.9U CN201920758460U CN210155073U CN 210155073 U CN210155073 U CN 210155073U CN 201920758460 U CN201920758460 U CN 201920758460U CN 210155073 U CN210155073 U CN 210155073U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive test system based on ferromagnetic material hysteresis lag characteristic, detecting system is independent around having exciting coil and detecting coil on yoke, the yoke that is half encirclement, and the breach of yoke is used for following the laminating of the examination piece that awaits measuring. The utility model discloses utilize ferromagnetic material hysteresis quality to the influence of induced voltage detected signal, when being examined ferromagnetic material dissimilarity, there is the difference in output induced voltage waveform and wave form distortion degree, and usable induced voltage waveform and harmonic distortion come the evaluation to be examined the inside organizational structure characteristic of ferromagnetic material consequently.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a ferromagnetic material electromagnetism nondestructive test and evaluation field especially relate to a system based on ferromagnetic material hysteresis quality carries out nondestructive test to material internal organization structure.
Background
In the production process, the quality control of ferromagnetic material products, such as material uniformity, component content and the like, and the mechanical properties of the ferromagnetic material change along with the changes of the component content, elastoplastic deformation, residual stress and the like of the ferromagnetic material due to the influence factors such as fatigue, stress, corrosion and the like in the use process, so that an advanced detection means is required to monitor the change condition of the internal organization structure of the ferromagnetic material. Since the microstructure of the ferromagnetic material, such as crystal structure, grain boundary, inclusion, precipitate, etc., affects the magnetic domain state of the material, which indicates that the hysteresis characteristics of the ferromagnetic material have an inherent correlation with the internal organization structure thereof, the nondestructive detection can be performed by the hysteresis characteristics of the ferromagnetic material.
In order to accurately measure the magnetic property B-H curve of the ferromagnetic material, a closed standard circular sample is usually adopted, an excitation coil and a detection coil are respectively wound on the circular sample, the excitation coil is used for providing magnetomotive force to magnetize the circular sample, the detection coil is used for recording the magnetic induction intensity change condition in an alternating magnetic circuit, namely induction voltage, according to the corresponding relation between the current of the excitation coil and the magnetic field H and the corresponding relation between the induction voltage and the derivative of the magnetic induction intensity B, the magnetic property B-H curve of the measured ferromagnetic material is obtained, and the magnetic property parameters further comprise: the method can be used for further representing the internal organization structure of the detected ferromagnetic material by using parameters such as coercive force, residual magnetic induction, saturation magnetization, magnetic permeability and the like, but the method not only needs to separately manufacture a standard circular ring sample in application, but also can only carry out sampling detection, and cannot solve the problem of full detection of products.
For cylindrical or plate-shaped ferromagnetic material samples, the method adopted at present is to magnetize a sample to be tested by using a U-shaped magnetic yoke, wind an excitation coil on the U-shaped magnetic yoke, wind a detection coil in the sample, wherein the U-shaped magnetic yoke and the sample form a closed magnetic circuit, the detection coil is used for measuring the magnetic induction intensity B in the sample, and in addition, a Hall element is arranged near the detection coil and is used for measuring an external magnetic field H, so that different magnetic property B-H curves can be obtained according to the internal tissue structures of different ferromagnetic materials. The industry needs a simple, fast and stable measuring method to realize the nondestructive detection and evaluation of the internal tissue structure of the ferromagnetic material, however, no effective solution or means for solving the problem exists at present, and the two methods have the problems of long detection time, complex operation and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the shortcoming and the not enough of current conventional ferromagnetic material detection method, the utility model provides a harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive test system based on ferromagnetic material magnetic hysteresis characteristic can realize the simple, quick, accurate nondestructive test purpose of ferromagnetic material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive test system based on ferromagnetic material hysteresis quality, detecting system are independently around having exciting coil and detection coil including being half surrounding yoke, yoke on, and the breach of yoke is used for with the laminating of examination piece 7 that awaits measuring. The exciting coil 2 and the detecting coil 3 are respectively wound on the magnetic yoke 1, and the problem that the product can only be sampled and detected but not all the products can be effectively solved. When the next ferromagnetic material needs to be detected, the next detection can be completed only by moving the magnetic yoke 1 to the next ferromagnetic material. When a plurality of products need to be detected, the operation is simple, and the obtained detection data is accurate.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the magnetic yoke comprises two parallel straight arms and a connecting arm positioned between the two straight arms; the two excitation coils are respectively arranged on the two straight arms of the magnetic yoke, and the detection coil is arranged on the connecting arm of the magnetic yoke. The excitation coil 2 and the detection coil 3 are wound on the magnetic yoke 1 at the same time, so that the interference of the leakage magnetic field of the excitation coil 2 on the detection coil 3 can be avoided, and the detection quantity is more accurate.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the detection coil is aligned with the connecting arm.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the winding directions of the two exciting coils are opposite; the design of the magnetic circuit is mainly used for realizing the superposition of magnetic potential of the magnetic circuit, so that the detected data is more accurate.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the output end of the detection coil is connected with a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit comprises a signal processing circuit and a data acquisition card.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the detection system is provided with a signal excitation source which is connected with the excitation coil.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the effective magnetic circuit sectional area of the magnetic yoke is larger than that of the piece to be tested 7, so that the ferromagnetic material to be tested can be completely magnetized, and the lifting distance between the surface of the ferromagnetic material and the two end faces of the magnetic yoke 1 and the influence of the surface roughness of the ferromagnetic material and the two end faces on the detection result are reduced.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the magnetic yoke is formed by stacking thin-sheet soft magnetic material laminations with high magnetic permeability and low coercive force.
To sum up, the utility model discloses utilize ferromagnetic material hysteresis quality to the influence of induced voltage detected signal, when being examined ferromagnetic material different, there is the difference in output induced voltage waveform and wave form distortion degree, and usable induced voltage waveform and harmonic distortion evaluate and are examined the inside organizational structure characteristic of ferromagnetic material consequently. The utility model has the advantages of to the difference of different ferromagnetic material hysteresis characteristics, utilize the characteristics of detection coil induced voltage harmonic distortion, further expanded ferromagnetic material electromagnetism nondestructive test method and evaluation means, the simplified operation process satisfies simple, quick and stable measuring requirement in the industry, has stronger popularization and engineering using value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials.
Fig. 2 is a time domain waveform diagram corresponding to different detected materials.
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of frequency domains corresponding to different materials to be tested.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical field personnel understand the utility model discloses the scheme, will combine the drawing in the embodiment of the utility model below, to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model carries out clear, complete description.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials is characterized in that: the detection system comprises a semi-surrounding magnetic yoke 1, an excitation coil 2 and a detection coil 3 which are independently wound on the magnetic yoke, and a gap of the magnetic yoke 1 is used for being attached to a to-be-tested part 7. The excitation coil 2 and the detection coil 3 are respectively wound on the magnetic yoke 1, and the excitation coil 2 and the detection coil 3 are independent from each other and further formed by stacking thin-sheet type soft magnetic material laminations with high magnetic conductivity and low coercive force; the material can be industrial pure iron, silicon steel sheet or permalloy. The exciting coil 2 and the detecting coil 3 are respectively wound on the magnetic yoke 1, so that the problem that the product can only be sampled and detected but not all the products can be effectively solved; during detection, only the magnetic yoke 1 of the nondestructive detection system is required to be contacted with the to-be-detected piece 7, when the magnetic yoke 1 is contacted with the to-be-detected piece 7, a closed magnetic loop can be formed, at the moment, an excitation signal is transmitted to the excitation coil 2, the detection coil 3 wound on the magnetic yoke 1 outputs an induction voltage signal under the action of an electromagnetic induction principle, and the output induction voltage signal is processed by the data analysis unit and then respectively calculated to obtain an induction voltage curve, a Fourier transform curve, harmonic component amplitudes of each order, waveform distortion degree and the like which change along with time. When the next ferromagnetic material needs to be detected, the next detection can be completed only by moving the magnetic yoke 1 to the next ferromagnetic material. When a plurality of products need to be detected, the operation is simple, and the obtained detection data is accurate. In addition, the excitation coil 2 and the detection coil 3 are wound on the magnetic yoke 1 at the same time, so that the interference of the leakage magnetic field of the excitation coil 2 on the detection coil 3 can be avoided, and the detection quantity is more accurate.
Preferably, the yoke 1 is U-shaped; the magnetic yoke 1 comprises two parallel straight arms 11 and a connecting arm 12 positioned between the two straight arms 11; the number of the excitation coils 2 is two, the two excitation coils 2 are respectively arranged on two straight arms 11 of the magnetic yoke 1, and the detection coil 3 is arranged on a connecting arm 12 of the magnetic yoke 1; as preferred; the detection coil 3 is centered with the connecting arm 12; preferably, the winding directions of the two excitation coils are opposite, that is, one excitation coil is wound clockwise, and the other excitation coil is wound counterclockwise; the design of the magnetic circuit is mainly used for realizing the superposition of magnetic potential of the magnetic circuit, so that the detected data is more accurate.
The output end of the detection coil is connected with a data acquisition unit, and the data analysis unit comprises a signal processing circuit 4, a data acquisition card 5 and data processing software 6; the data processing software 6 comprises a processing module of induced voltage changing along with time, a Fourier transform processing module and processing modules of each order of harmonic component amplitude and waveform distortion degree; the Fourier transform processing module performs Fourier transform on the time domain induced voltage signal to realize the conversion from a time domain to a frequency domain, so as to separate different harmonic frequency components to obtain different amplitude information of each order of harmonic component, and further obtain the detection voltage waveform distortion degrees of different detected materials based on a calculation formula of the harmonic distortion degrees.
In order to realize the complete magnetization of the ferromagnetic material to be detected and reduce the lifting distance between the surface of the ferromagnetic material and the two end faces of the magnetic yoke 1 and the influence of the roughness of the surfaces of the ferromagnetic material and the magnetic yoke on the detection result, a simple and feasible way is to ensure that the effective magnetic circuit sectional area of the magnetic yoke 1 is larger than that of the ferromagnetic material to be detected under the condition that the magnetic yoke 1 is close to saturation.
The principle of the utility model lies in: the magnetic yoke 1 and the ferromagnetic material are contacted with each other to form a closed magnetic loop, and then a corresponding data result is obtained through the data analysis unit. The nondestructive testing system also comprises a signal excitation source, the output signal of the signal excitation source as the preferable one comprises sine wave and triangular wave, namely the amplitude and the frequency of the output signal are adjustable, the output signal is connected with the excitation coil 2, namely the testing system is provided with the signal excitation source, and the signal excitation source is connected with the excitation coil 2; after the exciting coil 2 obtains a signal exciting source, under the action of electromagnetic induction; the detection coil 3 wound on the magnetic yoke 1 outputs an induced voltage signal, the output signal is connected to a data acquisition card 5 through a signal processing circuit 4, the output signal of the data acquisition card 5 is connected to data processing software 6, and the data processing software 6 can perform data processing on the input signal.
During detection, the internal organizational structure characteristics of a detected ferromagnetic material comparison sample are firstly determined, the comparison sample refers to data such as induced voltage and harmonic distortion degree obtained after the same type of ferromagnetic material is detected under the condition of no damage, then the induced voltage and the harmonic distortion degree of the ferromagnetic material to be detected are obtained by utilizing the non-destructive detection system, and finally the corresponding relation between the variation of different internal organizational structure characteristics of the comparison sample and the detected ferromagnetic material and the detection induced voltage and the harmonic distortion degree is analyzed.
For example, experimental tests are now performed on three ferromagnetic materials, i.e., nodular cast iron, 45# and ferrite, by using the method and the device, so that a time-varying induced voltage curve as shown in fig. 2 is obtained, and further, fourier transform is performed on data, so that different harmonic frequency amplitude oscillograms of the three materials as shown in fig. 3 are obtained.
It is obvious that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts shall belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive test system based on magnetic hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials is characterized in that: the detection system comprises a semi-surrounding magnetic yoke (1), an excitation coil (2) and a detection coil (3) are independently wound on the magnetic yoke, and a notch of the magnetic yoke (1) is used for being attached to a piece to be tested (7).
2. The harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic yoke (1) comprises two parallel straight arms (11) and a connecting arm (12) positioned between the two straight arms (11); the number of the excitation coils (2) is two, the two excitation coils (2) are respectively arranged on two straight arms (11) of the magnetic yoke (1), and the detection coil (3) is arranged on a connecting arm (12) of the magnetic yoke (1).
3. The harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials according to claim 2, wherein: the detection coil (3) is centered with the connecting arm (12).
4. The harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials of claim 3, wherein: the winding directions of the two exciting coils are opposite.
5. The harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the output end of the detection coil is connected with a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit comprises a signal processing circuit (4) and a data acquisition card (5).
6. The harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials of claim 5, wherein: the detection system is provided with a signal excitation source which is connected with the excitation coil (2).
7. The harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the effective magnetic circuit sectional area of the magnet yoke (1) is larger than that of the piece to be tested (7).
8. The harmonic distortion analysis nondestructive testing system based on hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic yoke (1) is formed by stacking thin-sheet soft magnetic material laminations with high magnetic permeability and low coercive force.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022185998A1 (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2022-09-09 | Tdk株式会社 | Detection device |
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| WO2022185998A1 (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2022-09-09 | Tdk株式会社 | Detection device |
| JP7538067B2 (en) | 2021-03-04 | 2024-08-21 | Tdk株式会社 | Detection device |
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