CN210134888U - Natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head - Google Patents
Natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head Download PDFInfo
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- CN210134888U CN210134888U CN201920781654.0U CN201920781654U CN210134888U CN 210134888 U CN210134888 U CN 210134888U CN 201920781654 U CN201920781654 U CN 201920781654U CN 210134888 U CN210134888 U CN 210134888U
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- gas hydrate
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a broken pressure-controlled sliding sleeve formula shower nozzle of natural gas hydrate layer efflux, wherein include shutoff piece, outer barrel, sealing washer, sliding sleeve, spring, shower nozzle, overflow connector etc.. The main principle of the utility model is that the drilling fluid generates pressure drop when passing through the flow channel in the sliding sleeve, the generated pressure drop acts on the sliding sleeve to generate axial thrust, the larger the flow of the drilling fluid introduced into the sliding sleeve is, the larger the generated axial thrust is correspondingly, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the spray nozzle by controlling the flow of the drilling fluid; the problems that an existing natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing spray head is uncontrollable and not reusable can be effectively solved through the scheme, mechanical crushing drilling operation and jet flow crushing expanding operation of the drill bit can be achieved, automatic switching and continuous operation can be achieved, the drill string does not need to be repeatedly taken off, and the operation can be completed in a single time, so that the drilling efficiency of the natural gas hydrate layer is effectively improved, the risk of taking off the drill string is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrate exploitation, in particular to a jet flow crushing tool for fluidized exploitation of seabed shallow layer non-diagenesis natural gas hydrate.
Background
The natural gas hydrate is also called as 'combustible ice', and is a 'cage-type compound' formed by hydrocarbon gas mainly containing methane and water under a certain temperature and pressure condition. The natural gas hydrate, particularly the ocean hydrate, is a new energy with the largest reserve which is not developed at present, the reserve is twice as much as the reserve of energy sources such as coal, oil, natural gas and the like known all over the world, but the realization of the effective and controllable commercial exploitation of the hydrate is a difficult problem facing all over the world at present.
Depressurization, heat injection, chemical inhibitor and C0 among the traditional hydrate exploitation methods in the world2The mining tools used by displacement mining methods and the like only carry out short-term trial mining on the natural gas hydrates of polar sandstone and sea area sandstone reservoirs. The natural gas hydrate in the sea area of China mainly takes non-diagenetic natural gas hydrate as a main raw material. The deepwater non-diagenetic natural gas hydrate has the characteristics of large reserve, weak cementation and poor stability, and once the temperature and pressure conditions of the area are changed, the seabed non-diagenetic natural gas hydrate can be causedThere is a potential risk of extensive decomposition, gasification and free release of rock gas hydrates. Therefore, at present, natural gas hydrate is generally mined by drilling with a conventional drill to form a pilot hole, and then further crushing the formed pilot hole through a jet nozzle so as to enlarge the diameter of a borehole.
The prior reaming nozzles used for drilling the natural hydrate mostly adopt conventional jet flow nozzles, and the problems mainly exist as follows: the jet flow nozzle is uncontrollable and not reusable during jet flow operation; the automatic switching between the mechanical crushing drilling operation and the jet crushing and expanding operation of the drill bit can not be realized, so that the continuous operation of the whole process is ensured; the existing jet nozzle needs to be repeatedly pulled out of a drill column, so that the drilling efficiency of the natural gas hydrate layer is greatly reduced, and the operation risk and the operation cost are increased. Therefore, a novel natural gas hydrate jet flow crushing tool needs to be invented, so that a jet flow nozzle can be opened and closed according to specific process requirements in drilling operation, automatic switching and continuous operation of mechanical crushing drilling operation and jet flow crushing and expanding operation is guaranteed, the drill string tripping frequency and the drilling operation are reduced, and the purposes of improving natural gas water and drilling production efficiency are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems of the existing hydrate crushing tool, the spray head sliding sleeve device for the natural gas hydrate fluidized exploitation controlled by the drilling fluid flow is provided, so that the automatic switching and continuous operation of the mechanical crushing drilling operation and the jet flow crushing and expanding operation of a drill bit are realized, the drill string tripping frequency is reduced, the drilling efficiency of a natural gas hydrate layer is improved, the drill string tripping operation risk is reduced, and the overall operation cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a broken pressure-controlled sliding sleeve formula shower nozzle of natural gas hydrate layer efflux which characterized in that: mainly comprises an outer cylinder body and an overflowing connector; a sliding sleeve, a spring and a gasket are arranged inside the outer cylinder body, jet nozzles are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the outer cylinder body, a sealing ring I, a sealing ring II, a sealing ring III, a pressure balance hole and a pressure balance groove are arranged outside the sliding sleeve, and a plugging block is arranged inside the overcurrent connector; the overflowing connector is connected with the outer cylinder body through threads, and the jet nozzle and the blocking block are connected with the outer cylinder body and the overflowing connector through threads.
By adopting the structure, the drilling fluid keeps the flow size of normal drilling during normal drilling, and because the spring has a certain pre-tightening height, when the drilling fluid flows through the inside of the sliding sleeve, the generated pressure drop is not enough to push the sliding sleeve to compress the spring, and the drilling fluid normally flows through the sliding sleeve and flows to the drill bit through the flow connector, so that the drilling fluid is provided for the normal drilling of the drill bit.
When the drilling of the horizontal well is completed and the crushing space needs to be further enlarged, the flow of drilling fluid pumped in can be increased, and when the drilling fluid passes through the sliding sleeve, the generated pressure drop acts on the sliding sleeve to push the sliding sleeve to slide until the sliding sleeve is in close contact with the plugging block, so that the drilling fluid introduced into the drill bit is completely plugged. At the moment, the jet flow broken drilling fluid flow channel on the sliding sleeve is in butt joint with the annular flow channel, drilling fluid can be discharged to the annular flow channel through the jet flow broken drilling fluid flow channel, and then the drilling fluid is sprayed out from the spray head on the surface of the outer cylinder body corresponding to the annular flow channel area to be dragged back and broken.
After jet flow crushing is completed, the flow of the pumped drilling fluid is reduced, the spring is reset, the jet flow crushing drilling fluid flow channel is separated from the annular flow channel, the spray head is closed, and at the moment, the device can be recovered to be used next time or continuously drill, so that the aim of recycling is fulfilled.
The inner part of the sliding sleeve is provided with a conical flow passage for generating pressure drop, the middle part of the sliding sleeve is provided with a jet flow broken drilling fluid flow passage, the periphery of a step in the middle part of the sliding sleeve is provided with a pressure balance groove, and the right side of the step is provided with a pressure balance hole.
Two arc-shaped overflowing holes are formed in the overflowing connector, and a blocking block for blocking drilling fluid in the sliding sleeve is arranged in the middle of each of the two arc-shaped overflowing holes.
The inner part of the outer cylinder is provided with an annular flow passage for overflowing, and an area corresponding to the middle annular flow passage of the outer cylinder is provided with a jet flow nozzle mounting hole.
The outer cylinder body is provided with spray head holes which are divided into three layers, six spray head holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of each layer, the stagger angle between every two layers is twenty degrees, and the spray heads are connected with the spray head holes through threads; the annular flow passage is positioned on the inner surface of the outer cylinder body and corresponds to the nozzle hole area.
The tapered flow passage is positioned inside the sliding sleeve; the jet flow crushing drilling fluid flow channel is positioned on the right side of the conical flow channel, and four jet flow crushing drilling fluid flow channels are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the sealing ring I is positioned on the left side of the jet flow broken drilling fluid flow channel; the sealing ring II is positioned on the right side of the jet flow broken drilling fluid flow passage, and meanwhile, the sealing ring II is positioned on the left side of the annular flow passage of the outer barrel body; the sealing ring III is positioned on the right side of the annular flow passage of the outer cylinder body; the boss is positioned on the right side of the sealing ring III, six pressure balance grooves for pressure balance are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the boss, and six pressure balance holes for pressure balance are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the middle part of the sliding sleeve; and the sealing ring IV is positioned at the right end of the sliding sleeve.
The overflowing connector is connected with the outer barrel through threads, and a threaded hole is formed in the overflowing connector and used for installing a plugging block; the arc overflowing hole is arranged on the outer side of the threaded hole, and the right end of the overflowing connector is provided with a female buckle II connected with a drill bit.
The blocking block is connected with the overflowing connector through threads, and an inner hexagonal hole for a tool is formed in the blocking block.
The beneficial effect that adopts above technical scheme to reach does:
1. the invention provides a natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head, which controls the opening and closing of a spray head on the surface of an outer cylinder body by changing the flow of introduced drilling fluid, and the process is a controllable process.
2. According to the natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head provided by the invention, the drill bit and the spray head are integrated together, so that the automatic switching continuous operation of mechanical crushing drilling operation and jet flow crushing expanding operation can be realized, the drill string is prevented from being taken out for many times, and the drilling and production operation cost and risk are reduced.
3. The invention provides a natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure control sliding sleeve type spray head which utilizes the pressure drop generated by drilling fluid on a variable diameter surface to push a sliding sleeve and is not influenced by the formation pressure.
4. The natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure control sliding sleeve type spray head provided by the invention utilizes the compression spring to control the sliding sleeve, so that the spray head is stable in operation without impact, can reduce the failure rate and prolong the service life.
5. The invention provides a natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure control sliding sleeve type spray head, which utilizes a compression spring to control a sliding sleeve, can reduce the flow of drilling fluid when jet flow crushing is finished, and can reset a drill bit again to continue drilling forward, thereby achieving the purpose of repeated use.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a half-section three-dimensional model diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a full sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the outer cylinder structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the sliding sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an overcurrent connector according to the invention;
in the figure: 1. an outer cylinder; 2. a sliding sleeve; 3. an overcurrent connector; 4. a plugging block; 5. a sealing ring I; 6. a sealing ring II; 7. a sealing ring III; 8. a sealing ring IV; 9. a spring; 10. a gasket; 11. a jet spray head; 101. a female buckle I; 102. an annular flow passage; 103. a step surface; 104. a jet nozzle mounting hole; 201. a tapered flow passage; 202. the jet flow breaks a drilling fluid flow channel; 203. a pressure balance tank; 204. a pressure balance hole; 301. an arc-shaped overflowing hole; 302. and a female buckle II.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: a natural gas hydrate layer jet flow breaking pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head mainly comprises an outer cylinder body (1) and an overflowing connector (3). Three layers of jet flow spray heads (11) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer cylinder body (1), each layer is provided with six jet flow spray heads (11) with the included angle of sixty degrees, and the stagger angle between layers is twenty degrees. A sliding sleeve (2), a spring (9), a gasket (10), a pressure balance hole (204), a pressure balance groove (203) and a step surface (103) are arranged in the outer cylinder body; a sealing ring I (5) and a sealing ring II (6) are respectively arranged on two sides of a jet flow crushing drilling fluid flow passage (202) on the sliding sleeve (2), and a sealing ring III (7) is arranged on the right side of the annular flow passage (102); a plugging block (4) is arranged in the overflowing connector (3). Wherein the outer cylinder body (1) is connected with the overflowing connector (3) through threads. The jet flow nozzle (11) and the blocking block (4) are respectively connected with the outer cylinder body (1) and the overflowing connector (3) through threads. A tapered runner (201) is arranged at the left end of the sliding sleeve (2). The left end of the outer cylinder body (1) is connected with the female buckle I (101), and the right end of the overflowing connector (3) is connected with the female buckle II (302).
The first embodiment is as follows: in the drilling process, when the drill bit does not reach the appointed position, the required drilling fluid flow can be introduced into the normal drilling, the drilling fluid introduced into the spray head sliding sleeve can directly flow through the sliding sleeve (2) and flow to the overflowing connector (3), and finally flows to the drill bit, so that the drilling fluid is provided for the normal drilling. Due to the fact that the spring (9) has a certain pre-tightening height, the pressure drop of the drilling fluid on the diameter-variable surface is not enough to push the sliding sleeve (2) to compress the spring (9), and therefore the drilling fluid flows through the drill bit through the flow-through connector (3) to provide the drilling fluid for the drill bit. The tool has only an overcurrent function.
Example two: in the well drilling process, when the drill bit reachs appointed position, need the efflux broken, can increase drilling fluid flow, pass through sliding sleeve (2) when drilling fluid for the drilling fluid increases through the pressure drop that the sliding sleeve produced, thereby promote sliding sleeve (2) to horizontal removal, until sliding sleeve (2) and shutoff piece (4) in close contact with, the size of the horizontal power of sliding sleeve that produces because of pressure drop reaches the equilibrium with the size of spring force, sliding sleeve (2) reach stably. At which time the flow of drilling fluid is maintained. At the moment, the jet flow breaking drilling fluid flow passage (202) on the sliding sleeve (2) is in butt joint with the annular flow passage (102), so that drilling fluid can only flow into the annular flow passage (102) through the jet flow breaking drilling fluid flow passage (202) on the sliding sleeve (2), and a jet flow nozzle (104) on the outer cylinder body (1) jets outwards to break hydrates.
Example three: in the drilling process, when jet flow crushing is completed, the flow of drilling fluid is reduced, the static pressure difference is gradually reduced until the static pressure difference is smaller than the elastic force of a spring, the spring (9) is gradually recovered, so that the sliding sleeve (2) is recovered to the initial state, the jet flow crushing drilling fluid flow passage (202) on the sliding sleeve is separated from the annular flow passage (102), and jet flow spraying of the jet flow nozzle (11) on the outer cylinder body (1) is stopped. Thereby realizing the repeated utilization of the sliding sleeve (2).
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a broken pressure-controlled sliding sleeve formula shower nozzle of natural gas hydrate layer efflux which characterized in that: the overflow connector mainly comprises an outer cylinder body (1) and an overflow connector (3); a sliding sleeve (2), a spring (9) and a gasket (10) are arranged inside the outer cylinder body (1), jet nozzles (11) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer cylinder body (1), a sealing ring I (5), a sealing ring II (6), a sealing ring III (7), a pressure balance hole (204) and a pressure balance groove (203) are arranged outside the sliding sleeve (2), and a blocking block (4) is arranged inside the overflowing connector (3); the overflowing connector (3) is connected with the outer barrel (1) through threads, and the jet nozzle (11) and the blocking block (4) are also connected with the outer barrel (1) and the overflowing connector (3) through threads.
2. The natural gas hydrate layer jet breaking pressure-controlled sliding sleeve type spray head of claim 1, wherein: the drilling fluid jet flow breaking device is characterized in that a conical flow passage (201) generating pressure drop is designed inside the sliding sleeve (2), a jet flow breaking drilling fluid flow passage (202) is arranged in the middle of the sliding sleeve (2), a pressure balance groove (203) is arranged in the circumferential direction of a step in the middle of the sliding sleeve (2), and a pressure balance hole (204) is formed in the right side of the step.
3. The natural gas hydrate layer jet breaking pressure-controlled sliding sleeve type spray head of claim 1, wherein: two arc-shaped overflowing holes (301) are formed in the overflowing connector (3), and a blocking block (4) for blocking drilling fluid in the sliding sleeve is arranged in the middle of each of the two arc-shaped overflowing holes (301).
4. The natural gas hydrate layer jet breaking pressure-controlled sliding sleeve type spray head of claim 1, wherein: an annular flow channel (102) for overflowing is arranged in the outer cylinder, and a jet flow nozzle mounting hole (104) is arranged in a region corresponding to the annular flow channel (102) in the middle of the outer cylinder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920781654.0U CN210134888U (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920781654.0U CN210134888U (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN210134888U true CN210134888U (en) | 2020-03-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920781654.0U Expired - Fee Related CN210134888U (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Natural gas hydrate layer jet flow crushing pressure-control sliding sleeve type spray head |
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| CN (1) | CN210134888U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110005379A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-12 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of voltage-controlled sleeve type spray head of gas hydrates layer jet crushing |
-
2019
- 2019-05-28 CN CN201920781654.0U patent/CN210134888U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110005379A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-12 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of voltage-controlled sleeve type spray head of gas hydrates layer jet crushing |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20200310 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |