Wheel driving assembly of electric heavy-duty vehicle
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an electronic heavy load vehicle wheel limit drive assembly.
Background
Nowadays, automobile design is more and more focused on the whole automobile lightweight and integration under the precondition of reliability and safety, and the whole automobile lightweight and integration are a trend of automobile development. In a hybrid power (main drive motor) or a pure electric vehicle, a vehicle driving mode is developed from a centralized driving mode to a distributed driving mode. The power and torque of the centralized drive system will be distributed to 2 or 4 drive wheel-side motor systems: for example, a pure electric vehicle of a certain a00 level is equipped with a 40kw driving motor system, a 2 wheel-side motor system is adopted to drive the motor system for each wheel edge by 20kw, and a 4 wheel-side motor system is adopted to drive the motor system for each wheel edge, as shown in fig. 1.
The patent with publication number CN 108312784a proposes a drive axle structure of a vehicle chassis integrated drive system with 2 left and right drive motors and a two-in-one drive motor controller, and the scheme is changed to belong to an optimized centralized drive mode; the patent with the publication number of 107298015A provides a device structure of two unifications with regard to driving motor and reduction gear, the device integrated scheme is motor and reduction gear, when actual car was used, can't avoid having the cooling pipeline between motor and the motor controller, three-phase power pencil, motor position signal pencil is connected, the pipeline, the pencil can increase whole car cost, also can increase the weight of whole car simultaneously, contradict with the lightweight and the integrated thinking of whole car, the existence that is exactly the high-voltage pencil can't avoid leading to the EMC detection of motor system under the load condition to pass through, influence whole car EMC and pass through.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at solving the problem that current automobile motor system integrated degree is low, and motor system is with high costs, and provides an electronic heavy load vehicle wheel limit drive assembly.
A wheel side driving assembly of an electric heavy-duty vehicle comprises a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a motor driver and a cooling pipeline, wherein the motor driver is fixed at the upper end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and forms an assembly structure; the cooling pipeline comprises an S-shaped bent flat plate structure and a spirally wound cylindrical structure, the two parts are communicated, the S-shaped bent flat plate structure is arranged in the motor driver and used for dissipating heat of the motor driver, and a corresponding opening formed in the shell of the motor driver is used for forming an S-shaped bent flat plate structure for running; the cylindrical structure that the spiral coiled wraps up in PMSM periphery, for its heat dissipation.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses a motor integration method: the driving motor and the driving motor controller are integrated, so that a three-phase wire harness of the motor, a low-voltage position signal wire harness of the motor and a cooling water pipe for connecting the motor with an electric control device are omitted. The integration method can enable the integration level of the motor system to be higher, is more beneficial to the arrangement of the whole vehicle, saves a cooling water pipe pipeline, a three-phase power wire harness and a motor low-voltage position signal wire harness, and saves a high-voltage wire harness connecting plug-in unit, thereby saving the cost of the motor system.
In addition:
because the mounting space of the wheel driving motor is narrow due to the requirements of the structural design and the use function of the heavy-duty vehicle, the permanent magnet synchronous motor with smaller volume and larger output power is selected to adapt to the layout requirement in the narrow space; the motor integration degree is high.
Normally will separately arrange motor and driver, the centre uses power cable and control signal cable connection, because the electric current in the power cable is great, can produce stronger electromagnetic field when the cable flows through, thereby cause electromagnetic interference to other parts, with this the face of sending out with permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 and motor driver 2 integrated as an organic whole, connect through copper post 2F between the two, on the one hand, can shorten the connection distance, make the structure compacter, further reduce the volume, adapt to the overall arrangement in narrow and small space, on the other hand, permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 and motor driver 2's outside casing is metal material and makes, can utilize the metal casing of the two to realize the electromagnetic shield, in order to produce electromagnetic interference to other parts, obtain better electromagnetic compatibility.
In the course of the work, no matter permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 or motor driver 2 all can produce the heat, if unable timely heat dissipation leads to the high temperature in the time, can make the permanent magnet demagnetization in the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 on the one hand, the unable normal rotation of motor, the too high temperature of on the other hand also can exceed the permissible scope of electrical components in the motor driver 2, lead to partial electrical components to become invalid, and then damage motor driver 2, consequently need install heat abstractor additional and solve this problem, nevertheless because the space is limited, can't be according to traditional form, solve the heat dissipation problem through installing radiator fan additional, consequently the utility model discloses the creation adopts the water-cooling mode, utilize the coolant liquid to take away the heat that motor and driver sent, guarantee permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 and motor driver 2 normal operating.
The working principle of the wheel side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle is as follows: the vehicle-mounted storage battery of the electric heavy-duty vehicle transmits direct current to the inverter in the motor driver 2, the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current, the motor driver 2 receives a control signal and transmits the alternating current to the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 at proper time, and the output shaft 1A is connected with wheels of the vehicle, so that the wheels are driven to realize the running of the vehicle.
The utility model discloses well motor of chooseing for use is PMSM, and PMSM has simple structure, and advantages such as small, the rotational inertia of operating efficiency height, rotor is little, power density height. The permanent magnet placing mode has great influence on the performance of the motor, the synchronous motor permanent magnet of the surface type rotor structure is positioned on the outer surface of a rotor iron core, the rotor structure is simple, but the generated asynchronous torque is small, and the rotor is only suitable for occasions with low starting requirements. Because the product is used for heavy-duty vehicles, in order to ensure that the motor has good starting characteristics, the product adopts a built-in rotor structure, namely, the permanent magnet is positioned in the iron core between the squirrel cage conducting bar and the rotating shaft, so as to obtain better starting performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a development trend of a driving form of an electric vehicle related to the background art of the present invention;
2-5 are schematic structural views of the wheel-side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle of the present invention;
fig. 6 to 7 are schematic structural views of the motor driver 2 according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a copper pillar according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the cooling duct 3 according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a diagram of a motor driving method according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the rotation speed control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present invention;
fig. 12 is a time-space phasor diagram of the sine wave internal permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the wheel side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle comprises a permanent magnet synchronous motor 1, a motor driver 2 and a cooling pipeline 3, wherein the motor driver 2 is fixed at the upper end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1, and the motor driver and the permanent magnet synchronous motor form an assembly structure; the cooling pipeline 3 comprises an S-shaped bent flat plate structure and a spirally wound cylindrical structure, the two parts are communicated, the S-shaped bent flat plate structure is installed in the motor driver 2 and used for dissipating heat of the motor driver, and corresponding openings formed in the shell of the motor driver 2 are used for forming S-shaped bent flat plate structure running pipes; the cylindrical structure that the spiral coiled wraps up in PMSM 1 periphery, for its heat dissipation.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 is a sine built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the permanent magnet is firmly embedded in the rotor core, so that the permanent magnet synchronous motor is suitable for high-speed operation occasions. The permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 can adjust the electromagnetic torque by controlling the amplitude of the armature current, and the speed regulation performance similar to that of a direct current motor is obtained.
The second embodiment is as follows:
different from the first specific embodiment, in the wheel-side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle of the present embodiment, the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 includes an output shaft 1A, a flange end cover 1B, a motor housing 1C, a motor rear cover 1D, a liquid inlet 1E, a liquid outlet 1F, a lifting ring 1G, a power cable interface 1H, and a control signal cable interface 1J;
the motor shell 1C is a bearing and protecting structure of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1, a flange end cover 1B is fixedly packaged at the front end of the motor shell 1C, and a motor rear cover 1D is fixedly packaged at the rear end of the motor shell 1C; the output shaft 1A penetrates out of a flange end cover 1B body at the front end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1, one end of the output shaft 1A is connected with a rotor of the motor, and the other end of the output shaft 1A is provided with a spline structure and used for being connected with wheels of a heavy-duty vehicle so as to drive the wheels to realize the running of the vehicle; be equipped with inlet 1E, liquid outlet 1F, rings 1G on motor housing 1C, inlet 1E and liquid outlet 1F mainly used coolant liquid's inflow and outflow, rings 1G are used for hanging in midair and the supplementary removal in the installation
The rear part of the output shaft 1A is provided with a flange end cover 1B, and the edge of the flange end cover 1B is provided with a circle of bolt holes for connecting with other parts of the vehicle through bolts so as to realize the fixation of the wheel-side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle;
and a power cable interface 1H and a control wire harness interface 1J are arranged on the motor rear cover 1D, the power cable interface 1H is used for connecting a power cable of the motor, and the control wire harness interface 1J is used for connecting a control signal wire for controlling the motor to operate.
The third concrete implementation mode:
different from the second specific embodiment, in the wheel-side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 7, the motor driver 2 includes a driver outer casing 2A, a fixing frame 2B, and a connecting block 2C, a control system for controlling the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 is installed inside the driver outer casing 2A, the lower surface of the driver outer casing 2A is connected with the fixing frame 2B and the connecting block 2C, and the driver outer casing 2A is fixed to the motor outer casing 1C of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 through the fixing frame 2B and the connecting block 2C;
the mounting surface at the bottom of the connecting block 2C is provided with a row of copper column mounting holes 2D and a control signal cable through hole 2E, and as the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 is a three-phase motor, namely a power cable is divided into A, B, C three phases as shown in figure 8, the number of the copper column mounting holes 2D is 3, the three copper columns 2F are used for being mounted and connected with corresponding power cables.
The fourth concrete implementation mode:
different from the third specific embodiment, in the wheel-side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle of the present embodiment, the cooling pipeline 3 mainly includes a motor driver cooling pipeline 3A, a permanent magnet synchronous motor cooling pipeline 3B, a liquid inlet connecting pipe 3C, and a liquid outlet connecting pipe 3D;
the liquid inlet connecting pipe 3C is connected with one end of a permanent magnet synchronous motor cooling pipeline 3B, the other end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor cooling pipeline 3B is connected with one end of a motor driver cooling pipeline 3A through a pipeline, and the other end of the motor driver cooling pipeline 3A is connected with the liquid outlet connecting pipe 3D through a pipeline;
the liquid inlet connecting pipe 3C is connected with the liquid inlet 1E, and the liquid outlet connecting pipe 3D is connected with the liquid outlet 1F.
In actual work, the cooling liquid flows in from the liquid inlet 1E, flows into the permanent magnet synchronous motor cooling pipeline 3B through the liquid inlet connecting pipe 3C, flows into the motor driver cooling pipeline 3A through the permanent magnet synchronous motor cooling pipeline 3B, and then flows out from the liquid outlet 1F through the liquid outlet connecting pipe 3D.
Because the installation position space of electric heavy-duty vehicle wheel limit drive assembly is narrow and small, arrange cooling fan like traditional vehicle, and no matter be permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 or motor driver 2 all can produce the heat in the operation, can make permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 get the decline of permanent magnet magnetism when the heat is too high on the one hand, influence the even running of motor, on the other hand the high temperature can influence the operating stability of electrical components in motor driver 2, consequently, through arranging cooling tube 3 in electric heavy-duty vehicle wheel limit drive assembly, alright realize permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 and motor driver 2's heat dissipation problem simultaneously in narrow and small space.
The fifth concrete implementation mode:
the fourth difference from the fourth specific embodiment is that, in the wheel-side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, cable mounting holes 2G are provided at two ends of a copper pillar 2F, the cable mounting hole 2G at one end is connected to the motor driver 2, and the cable mounting hole 2G at the other end is connected to the induction coils of the stator and the rotor in the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1.
The working principle is as follows:
the motor driving method adopted by the utility model is as shown in figure 10:
the working principle of the wheel side driving assembly of the electric heavy-duty vehicle is as follows: the vehicle-mounted storage battery of the electric heavy-duty vehicle transmits direct current to the inverter in the motor driver 2, the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current, the motor driver 2 receives a control signal and transmits the alternating current to the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 at proper time, and the output shaft 1A is connected with wheels of the vehicle, so that the wheels are driven to realize the running of the vehicle.
The utility model discloses well motor of chooseing for use is PMSM, and PMSM has simple structure, and advantages such as small, the rotational inertia of operating efficiency height, rotor is little, power density height. The permanent magnet placing mode has great influence on the performance of the motor, the synchronous motor permanent magnet of the surface type rotor structure is positioned on the outer surface of a rotor iron core, the rotor structure is simple, but the generated asynchronous torque is small, and the rotor is only suitable for occasions with low starting requirements. Because the product is used for heavy-duty vehicles, in order to ensure that the motor has good starting characteristics, the product adopts a built-in rotor structure, namely, the permanent magnet is positioned in the iron core between the squirrel cage conducting bar and the rotating shaft, so as to obtain better starting performance.
The utility model discloses the permanent magnet synchronous motor who creates to relate relies on rotor winding's asynchronous torque to realize starting. After the start is completed, the rotor winding is no longer functional and the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet and the stator winding interact to produce drive torque.
The starting and running of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are mainly realized by the interaction of magnetic fields generated by a stator winding, a rotor winding and a permanent magnet. When the motor needs to be started, three-phase alternating current is introduced into a stator winding in a static state so as to enable the stator of the motor to generate a rotating magnetic field, the rotating magnetic field formed on the stator can generate induced current on a rotor winding, and therefore the rotor also induces the rotating magnetic field, the stator rotating magnetic field, the rotor rotating magnetic field and permanent magnets on the rotor interact to generate asynchronous torque, and the rotor is further promoted to start accelerated rotation from the static state. In the process, as the rotation speeds of the rotor permanent magnetic field and the stator rotating magnetic field are different, alternating torque is generated between the rotor permanent magnetic field and the stator rotating magnetic field. With the continuous increase of the rotor speed, when the rotor accelerates to the rotating speed close to the stator magnetic field, namely, when the synchronous rotating speed is reached, the rotating speeds of the rotor rotating magnetic field and the stator rotating magnetic field are close to be equal, the strength of the rotor rotating magnetic field also approaches to zero, but at the moment, the stator rotating magnetic field speed is still slightly larger than the magnetic field of the permanent magnet on the rotor, and the rotor is dragged to the synchronous operation state by the torque generated by the interaction between the rotor rotating magnetic field speed and the stator rotating magnetic field speed. When synchronous operation is achieved, the rotor winding does not generate induced current any more, the rotor only depends on the interaction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet and the rotating magnetic field of the stator to generate rotating torque, and finally the stable operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is achieved.
The rotation speed control system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is installed in a motor driver 2 and mainly comprises a control circuit, a driving electric appliance, a position sensor and an inverter.
Fig. 11 shows the rotation speed control principle of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
When the motor works, the control circuit receives an input instruction, the rotation speed of the motor is adjusted through the driving circuit, the rotation condition of the motor is transmitted back to the control circuit through the position sensor, so that the actual rotation condition of the motor can be obtained in real time, and the inverter converts direct current output by the storage battery into sine alternating current to ensure the rotation of the motor.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 has the following characteristics: the stator three-phase winding adopts a short-distance distributed winding or a fractional slot winding, and the induced potential waveform of the stator winding is close to sine; three-phase symmetrical current of the stator winding is provided by the three-phase inverter to generate a rotating magnetic field, and the permanent magnet rotor is dragged to rotate synchronously; the energizing frequency of the stator windings and the rotational speed of the rotating magnetic field generated thereby depend on the actual position and rotational speed of the rotor; the actual position and rotational speed of the rotor are obtained by a photoelectric encoder or a rotary transformer.
As shown in the space-time phasor diagram of the sine wave built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor shown in fig. 12, the permanent magnet of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 is firmly embedded in the rotor core, and can adapt to the working condition of high-speed running of a heavy-duty vehicle; meanwhile, the layout has small effective air gap, large synchronous reactance of a direct shaft and a quadrature shaft of the motor and large armature reaction magnetic potential, so that a large weak magnetic space exists; the effective air gap of the direct axis is larger than that of the quadrature axis, and therefore, the direct axis synchronous reactance is smaller than the quadrature axis synchronous reactance, that is: ld < Lq.
In the process of operating the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1, according to the moment-angle characteristic curve of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor, the voltage balance equation and the phasor diagram need to be satisfied, that is, the following functional relationship is satisfied:
meanwhile, the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 still needs to satisfy the characteristic rule of the moment angle, and the specific functional relationship is as follows:
in actual operation, the input power, the electromagnetic power, and the electromagnetic torque of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 need to satisfy the following rules.
Input power:
an electromagnetic power;
Pem=P1-pcua=P1-mIa 2ra=P1-m(Id 2+Iq 2)ra
=m[E0Iq+IdIq(xd-xq)]
electromagnetic torque: