CN210090678U - Novel laser radar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology - Google Patents
Novel laser radar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN210090678U CN210090678U CN201920363163.4U CN201920363163U CN210090678U CN 210090678 U CN210090678 U CN 210090678U CN 201920363163 U CN201920363163 U CN 201920363163U CN 210090678 U CN210090678 U CN 210090678U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a novel laser radar system and a detection method based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology, pulse laser with certain frequency is emitted to the atmosphere through a coaxial laser device, the atmosphere can generate scattering effect on the laser, and after the backward scattering laser is received through a coaxial receiving lens, the light is focused and then projected on a detector; the detector can realize automatic gain adjustment, and once an optical signal is input, a pulse signal can be output; pulse signals enter the TCSPC data acquisition device through a radio frequency cable, and the device can realize resolution precision of 32ps, so that the input time of the signals can be accurately resolved; after the signals are collected, the post-stage algorithm can process the data in real time and analyze the state of the current atmosphere, the distance of pollutants, the form of the pollutants and the like. The radar is suitable for cloud height testing, cluster fog monitoring, pollutant emission monitoring, laser ranging, atmospheric aerosol monitoring, ozone layer testing, temperature and humidity monitoring and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the optical detection, especially, relate to a novel laser radar system based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technique
Background
With the development of industry, atmospheric pollution is more and more emphasized by the nation, so that scientific research institutions and company units develop some equipment capable of monitoring atmospheric conditions, wherein one type of equipment is an atmospheric remote sensing equipment, namely, the atmospheric parameter condition at a long distance can be measured and monitored, but the equipment in the market has the phenomena of large measurement blind area, poor stability, insufficient measurement precision and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a novel laser radar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technique based on above-mentioned problem, this radar can autonomous operation, has reliable and stable, automatic calibration, the blind area is little, measurement accuracy is high, spatial resolution is high have a bit, provides certain data support for atmospheric research and analysis.
The utility model provides a pair of novel laser radar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technique, include:
a coaxial laser device, a 3D galvanometer adjusting device, a single photon detector and a TCSPC data acquisition device, wherein,
the coaxial laser device comprises a receiving unit, a sending unit, a refractor and a polarized pulse laser, wherein the polarized pulse laser is used for outputting pulse laser signals with controllable frequency, the pulse laser signals are emitted into the atmosphere through the refractor and the sending unit, and the receiving unit is used for receiving backscattering laser signals after the atmosphere generates scattering effect on the pulse laser signals;
the 3D galvanometer adjusting device is used for dynamically adjusting the direction and the intensity of an optical signal in a multi-dimensional angle after receiving the back scattering laser signal, automatically correcting optical deviation and realizing the correction of an optical path;
the single-photon detector is used for converting an optical signal into an electric pulse signal after receiving the corrected scattered laser signal, realizing automatic gain control by dynamically adjusting working voltage and filtering a useless optical signal;
the TCSPC data acquisition device is used for analyzing and processing the received filtered electric pulse signals, and realizing the distance measurement of high-end longitude and the atmospheric data analysis of high spatial resolution.
Preferably, the coaxial laser device further comprises a heating device for heating the polarized pulse laser when the ambient temperature is lower than the optimal temperature for the laser to work.
Preferably, the optimal temperature range of the laser is 15-35 ℃.
Preferably, the radar further comprises a refrigerating device, the refrigerating device adopts a water cooling mode, liquid is pushed to flow through a water pump, and heat of the polarization pulse laser and the single photon detector is taken away in time, so that the radar works in the optimal temperature state.
Preferably, the receiving unit of the coaxial laser device adopts a cassegrain optical structure, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit adopt a coaxial design, and the transmitting path of the optical path and the receiving angle of view of the cassegrain are on the same axis by adjusting the transmitting angle of two-stage refraction.
Preferably, the 3D galvanometer adjusting device is controlled by the TCSPC data collecting device, and when the output signal of the single photon detector is too large and tends to a saturation state, the 3D galvanometer adjusting device is finely adjusted to reduce the optical signal entering the single photon detector, and when the output signal of the single photon detector is weak and tends to a saturation state, the 3D galvanometer adjusting device is finely adjusted to enhance the optical signal entering the single photon detector.
Preferably, the single photon detector employs a PMT or APD operating in Geiger modeReceiving photon signals, realizing automatic gain control by dynamically adjusting working voltage, wherein the monitoring range of the single photon detector is 10-9W—10- 18And W, filtering out useless optical signals through a gating circuit in the single photon detector.
Preferably, the acquisition parameters of the TCSPC data acquisition device are set to 6-channel input signals, 1Gbps sampling frequency, 32ps time resolution, and 4.8mm spatial resolution, and the communication interface includes a PCIE interface and a network interface.
The utility model discloses a design in order to can be better carry out real-time, high accuracy monitoring to the atmosphere, can solve above-mentioned several kinds of problems. The utility model discloses the characteristic that has as follows:
(1) analyzing atmospheric parameters, emitting pulse laser, monitoring the reflection state of the pulse laser by adopting a laser radar principle, and further analyzing the distribution conditions and the time-space evolution of cloud, fog, haze, PM2.5, PM10, solid particles and the like of the atmosphere;
(2) by adopting the design of a Cassegrain coaxial light path, the detection blind area can be effectively reduced to 20 meters;
(3) the scattering laser signals are collected by adopting an automatic gain single photon detection technology (sensors such as PMT, APD and the like), the sensitivity is high, and the corresponding speed is high;
(4) the self-calibration optical system is adopted, so that the receiving field angle of the optical receiving system can be automatically adjusted, and the coaxiality of the optical path is ensured at all times;
(6) by adopting TCSPC time resolution technology, the minimum 32ps time interval and 4.8mm spatial distance can be resolved;
(7) post-algorithm processing, which can analyze atmospheric data in real time and realize the function of radar calibration by being used in combination with her equipment;
drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model provides a pair of novel laser radar structure schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cassegrain optical structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial laser device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single photon detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a gate circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a TCSPC data acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. refractor, 2, sending unit, 3, receiving unit, 4, light source, 5, heating device, 6, galvanometer motor, 7, beam splitter prism, 8, single photon detector, 9, refrigerating plant, 10, TCSPC data acquisition device, 11, polarization pulse laser.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a pair of novel laser radar schematic structure based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technique, the radar has included coaxial laser device, 3D galvanometer adjusting device, single photon detector, TCSPC data acquisition device, simultaneously, has still included heating device and refrigerating plant.
The utility model discloses in, as shown in FIG. 3 be coaxial laser device, combine FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, coaxial laser device has included receiving element, sending unit, refractor, polarization pulse laser and heating device, and in work, through polarization pulse laser emission pulse laser signal, in actual work, when ambient temperature is less than laser instrument work optimum temperature, it is right through heating device polarization pulse laser heats. The receiving unit adopts a Cassegrain optical structure, the structure effectively reduces the length of a receiving lens barrel, lightens the weight of the lens barrel, has the characteristics of small receiving visual field, clear imaging edge and the like, effectively solves the defects of heavy and large volume of other optical systems, can adjust the focal length by adjusting the position of a reflector, and realizes that the optical signal enters the rear stage to the maximum extent.
The utility model discloses in, sending unit and receiving element adopt coaxial design, after laser passes through the transmitting element and expands the back, through adjusting the reflection angle of two-stage refraction, realize that light path transmission route and the card stopper forest receive angle of vision all the time on being in same axis, this way has reduced the blind area greatly, will measure the blind area and reduce to 20 meters.
Because in the light path signal transmission in-process, probably discover the skew, therefore, the utility model discloses in adopt 3D mirror adjusting device that shakes, a level for realizing the lens, the vertical adjustment, coaxial laser device receives behind the backscattering laser signal, when transmission to the back level, through 3D mirror adjusting device that shakes, when because the light path appears the skew back, the self-correction of light path is realized to motor through adjusting 3D mirror adjusting device that shakes, the light energy that makes the input to the single photon detector is in the optimum, the mirror motor that shakes controls through TCSPC data acquisition device, when detector device output signal is too big, when tending to the saturation state, finely tune the mirror motor that shakes, the light signal that makes the entering detector reduces, when detector output signal is weak, through adjusting the mirror motor that shakes, make the light signal reinforcing of inputing to detector device. The optical path, the detector and the TCSPC data acquisition device can be in the optimal working state through the closed-loop regulation.
The utility model discloses in, what adopt is that single photon detection technique realizes detecting, has set up single photon detector, combines fig. 1 and fig. 4 and fig. 5, the utility model provides a single photon detector adopts PMT or APD of work in Geiger mode to receive photon signal, realizes automatic gain control through dynamic adjustment operating voltage, makes it satisfy strong and weak light homoenergetic normal work, monitoring range 10-9—10-18W, strong light interference in the atmosphere can be effectively filtered. Useless optical signals can be filtered out by adding a gating circuit, so that the single-photon detector is prevented from being saturated. In operation, detect the backscattering laser signal that receives, firstly, convert light signal into electric pulse signal, secondly, automatic dynamic gain control that carries on, its process is, when the laser scattering light is weak, increase the gain of detector, when the laser scattering light intensity, reduce the gain of detector, simultaneously, be provided with the gate circuit, it is used for controlling whether the detector responds to external light signal, when external light signal is useful signal, open the gate circuit, if for useless light signal then close the gate circuit to select useful light signal and detect.
The electric pulse signals processed by the single photon detector are transmitted to the TCSPC data acquisition device, the TCSPC data acquisition device analyzes and processes the electric pulse signals, as shown in FIG. 6, the device is provided with 6-channel input signals, the adopted frequency is 1Gpbs, the time resolution is 32ps, the spatial resolution is 4.8mm, the adopted communication interface is a PCIE interface and a network interface, the time resolution of the 32ps input signals can be realized through the TCSPC technology, the spatial resolution can reach 4.8mm, the sampling frequency is up to 1Gbps, the application range of the laser radar equipment is greatly expanded through the use of the technology, and high-precision ranging, high-precision atmospheric spatial state distribution testing and the like can be realized.
The utility model discloses in, for making the radar work at the optimum, still set up heating device and refrigerating plant, heating device mainly serves the laser instrument, when ambient temperature is lower, can realize its work at certain temperature range through heating the laser instrument. The refrigerating device is mainly used for the laser and the detector, a water cooling mode is adopted, liquid is pushed to flow through the water pump, heat of the laser and the photon detector is taken away in time, and the laser and the photon detector work in the optimal temperature state. The optimal temperature range is 15-35 ℃.
The utility model discloses a design for can be better carry out real-time, high accuracy monitoring to the atmosphere, through in launching pulse laser of certain frequency to the atmosphere through coaxial laser device, the atmosphere can produce the scattering effect to laser, after backscattering laser is received through coaxial receiving mirror, focus light, then throw on the detector; the detector can realize automatic gain adjustment, and once an optical signal is input, a pulse signal can be output; pulse signals enter the TCSPC data acquisition device through a radio frequency cable, and the device can realize resolution precision of 32ps, so that the input time of the signals can be accurately resolved; after the signals are collected, the post-stage algorithm can process the data in real time and analyze the state of the current atmosphere, the distance of pollutants, the form of the pollutants and the like. The radar is suitable for cloud height testing, cluster fog monitoring, pollutant emission monitoring, laser ranging, atmospheric aerosol monitoring, ozone layer testing, temperature and humidity monitoring and the like.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A novel laser radar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology, characterized in that, the radar includes:
a coaxial laser device, a 3D galvanometer adjusting device, a single photon detector and a TCSPC data acquisition device, wherein,
the coaxial laser device comprises a receiving unit, a sending unit, a refractor and a polarized pulse laser, wherein the polarized pulse laser is used for outputting pulse laser signals with controllable frequency, the pulse laser signals are emitted into the atmosphere through the refractor and the sending unit, and the receiving unit is used for receiving backscattering laser signals after the atmosphere generates scattering effect on the pulse laser signals;
the 3D galvanometer adjusting device is used for dynamically adjusting the direction and the intensity of an optical signal in a multi-dimensional angle after receiving the back scattering laser signal, automatically correcting optical deviation and realizing the correction of an optical path;
the single-photon detector is used for converting an optical signal into an electric pulse signal after receiving the corrected scattered laser signal, realizing automatic gain control by dynamically adjusting working voltage and filtering a useless optical signal;
the TCSPC data acquisition device is used for analyzing and processing the received filtered electric pulse signals, and realizing the distance measurement of high-end longitude and the atmospheric data analysis of high spatial resolution.
2. The lidar of claim 1, wherein the coaxial laser device further comprises a heating device for heating the polarized pulse laser when the ambient temperature is lower than the optimal temperature for laser operation.
3. The lidar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein the laser optimum temperature range is 15-35 ℃.
4. The novel laser radar based on the coaxial optical and single photon detection technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radar further comprises a refrigeration device, the refrigeration device adopts a water cooling mode, and the water pump pushes the liquid to flow, so as to take away the heat of the polarization pulse laser and the single photon detector in time, so that the radar works in an optimal temperature state.
5. The novel laser radar based on the coaxial optics and single photon detection technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving unit of the coaxial laser device adopts a cassegrain optical structure, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit adopt a coaxial design, and the transmitting path of the optical path and the receiving field angle of the cassegrain are on the same axis by adjusting the transmitting angle of two-stage refraction.
6. The novel laser radar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein said 3D galvanometer adjusting device is controlled by said TCSPC data collecting device, and when said single photon detector output signal is too large and tends to saturation, said 3D galvanometer adjusting device is finely adjusted so that the optical signal entering said single photon detector is reduced, and when said single photon detector output signal is weak and tends to saturation, said 3D galvanometer adjusting device is finely adjusted so that the optical signal entering said single photon detector is enhanced.
7. The lidar of claim 1, wherein the single photon detector employs a PMT or APD operating in geiger mode to receive photon signals, and the automatic gain control is achieved by dynamically adjusting the operating voltage, and the monitoring range of the single photon detector is 10-9W—10-18And W, filtering out useless optical signals through a gating circuit in the single photon detector.
8. The novel laser radar based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection parameters of the TCSPC data collection device are set to 6-channel input signal, 1Gbps sampling frequency, 32ps time resolution, 4.8mm spatial resolution, and its communication interface includes PCIE interface and network interface.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109991624A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-09 | 北京是卓科技有限公司 | A kind of new pattern laser radar and detection method based on axis optical and single-photon detecting survey technology |
| CN112433222A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | 长春理工大学 | Haze-penetrating laser distance measuring system and method |
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- 2019-03-21 CN CN201920363163.4U patent/CN210090678U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109991624A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-09 | 北京是卓科技有限公司 | A kind of new pattern laser radar and detection method based on axis optical and single-photon detecting survey technology |
| CN109991624B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2024-04-05 | 北京是卓科技有限公司 | Novel laser radar and detection method based on coaxial optics and single photon detection technology |
| CN112433222A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | 长春理工大学 | Haze-penetrating laser distance measuring system and method |
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