CN109164465B - Coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on micropulse laser radar - Google Patents
Coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on micropulse laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN109164465B CN109164465B CN201810998205.1A CN201810998205A CN109164465B CN 109164465 B CN109164465 B CN 109164465B CN 201810998205 A CN201810998205 A CN 201810998205A CN 109164465 B CN109164465 B CN 109164465B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on a micropulse laser radar, which comprises the following components: the device comprises an emergent light source, a collimating mirror, a receiving reflector, a main transmitting and receiving lens, a small-hole diaphragm, a filter and a photodetector; the receiving reflector is obliquely placed at 45 degrees, and a transmission area and a reflection area are arranged on the receiving reflector; the emergent light emitted by the emergent light source sequentially irradiates to a transmission area through a collimating lens and a small aperture diaphragm, the transmission area transmits the emergent light to a main transmitting and receiving lens, and the main transmitting and receiving lens irradiates the emergent light to a sky cloud body; the emergent light irradiates the cloud body to generate rice scattering, the main transmitting and receiving lens receives echo signals reflected by the cloud body, the echo signals are reflected to the filter sheet through the reflecting area to be filtered and then are incident to the light detector, and the measuring precision of the laser radar optical system is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of weather detection, in particular to a coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on a micropulse laser radar.
Background
Cloud height is the vertical distance from the cloud bottom to the ground, and is the main content of research on physical properties of the cloud, and in modern military operations, such as: the method plays an important role in detection and early warning, air combat, vertical landing and other aspects. Therefore, acquiring cloud base height information has become an important aspect of cloud physical research and military weather protection.
Under the development requirement of current meteorological element observation automation, a cloud height instrument with high automation degree and continuous measurement is used for replacing manual visual inspection. The automatic cloud bottom height measurement method commonly used at present comprises a laser cloud measuring instrument and an infrared radiation cloud measuring instrument, but the cloud bottom radiation brightness temperature is influenced by factors such as aerosol, water vapor, cloud body compactness and the like, so that an algorithm is complex, and measurement errors are larger. How to improve the cloud bottom height measurement capability is an important subject faced by the meteorological detection field.
In addition, in practical applications, coaxial lidars and non-coaxial lidars can be classified into different structures. Taking a non-coaxial laser radar as an example, transmitting a laser signal to a target object through a transmitting system, receiving a laser echo signal returned by the target object through a receiving system, obtaining an optical path by calculating a time difference between the modulated laser transmitting signal and the returned laser echo signal, and further obtaining the distance of the target object to realize laser ranging. However, when the non-coaxial laser radar is used for laser ranging, the transmitting system and the receiving system are arranged in a non-coaxial mode, so that the deflection angle of a laser echo signal reflected by a short-distance target object is larger, the laser echo signal is focused at a position deviated from a photoelectric detector after being focused by a main receiving lens, and therefore the distance cannot be measured, and a larger radar measurement blind area is caused.
Therefore, how to achieve accurate measurement of cloud height is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on a micropulse laser radar, which solves the problems of inaccurate measurement result, great environmental influence and the like of the existing cloud height.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on micropulse lidar, comprising: the device comprises an emergent light source, a collimating mirror, a receiving reflector, a main transmitting and receiving lens, a small-hole diaphragm, a filter and a photodetector; the receiving reflector is obliquely placed at 45 degrees, and a transmission area and a reflection area are arranged on the receiving reflector;
the outgoing light emitted by the outgoing light source sequentially passes through the collimating mirror and the aperture diaphragm to be irradiated to the transmission area, the transmission area transmits the outgoing light to the main emitting and receiving lens, and the main emitting and receiving lens irradiates the outgoing light to the sky cloud;
the emergent light irradiates the cloud body to generate rice scattering, the main transmitting and receiving lens receives echo signals reflected by the cloud body, and the echo signals are reflected to the filter for filtering treatment through the reflecting area and are incident to the optical detector.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the main control unit is connected with the light detector and the emergent light source.
Preferably, the emergent light source, the collimating lens, the aperture diaphragm, the receiving reflector and the main transmitting and receiving lens are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the outgoing light source includes: pulsed lasers with a wavelength of 905 nm.
Preferably, the photodetector includes: avalanche photodiodes.
Preferably, the optical filter includes: 905nm narrowband filter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on a micropulse laser radar, which is used for emitting laser to a target object, focusing a back scattering laser echo signal reflected by the target object to a receiving reflector obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, reflecting the echo signal to a light detector at a direction of 90 degrees, outputting a corresponding electric signal through the light detector, sending the converted electric signal to a main control unit for data processing and analysis, and judging the height of the cloud bottom by analyzing a back scattering signal profile in the direction of the laser beam, thereby obtaining the distance information of the cloud body.
The laser radar cloud testing optical system is arranged coaxially with the emergent light source, the receiving reflector and the main transmitting and receiving lens, so that the consistency of transmitting and receiving light paths is ensured, the laser radar cloud testing optical system is miniaturized, the receiving light intensity, the detecting distance and the detecting range of the laser radar cloud testing optical system can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, each optical device is easy to process and assemble.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on a micropulse laser radar;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial transmission mode employed by the lidar optical system provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of an echo signal receiving optical path provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on a micropulse laser radar, which comprises the following components: the device comprises an emergent light source 1, a collimating mirror 2, a receiving reflecting mirror 3, a main transmitting and receiving lens 4, a small aperture diaphragm 7, a filter 5 and a photodetector 6; wherein the receiving reflector 3 is inclined by 45 degrees, and the receiving reflector 3 is provided with a transmission area 31 and a reflection area 32; and the transmissive area 31 and the reflective area 32 are integrally provided; the transmission region 31 is located at the center of the receiving mirror 3, and the reflection region 32 is the other region of the receiving mirror except the transmission region.
The outgoing light emitted by the outgoing light source 1 irradiates to a transmission area 31 sequentially through a collimating lens 2 and an aperture diaphragm 7, the transmission area 31 transmits the outgoing light to a main emitting and receiving lens 4, and the main emitting and receiving lens 4 irradiates the outgoing light to a sky cloud;
the emitted light irradiates the cloud body to generate rice scattering, the main transmitting and receiving lens 4 receives echo signals reflected by the cloud body, and the echo signals are reflected to the filter 5 through the reflection area 32 for filtering treatment and are incident to the light detector 6.
The receiving reflector with the reflecting area and the transmitting area is adopted to replace the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens in the existing laser radar optical system, so that the light intensity attenuation of emergent light and reflected light when passing through the receiving reflector is effectively reduced, the light intensity of the detected reflected light is improved, and the measurement accuracy of the laser radar optical system is further improved.
The collimating mirror is arranged on the light path of the emergent light emitted by the emergent light source and is used for collimating the emergent light.
The receiving reflector is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees by taking the emission axis of the emergent light source as the center, and the reflected echo signals are reflected to the filter plate in a 90-degree direction.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: the main control unit 8, the main control unit 8 is connected with the light detector 6 and the emergent light source 1.
The main control unit controls the emergent light source to emit emergent light. The optical detector is used for receiving the reflected light after passing through the reflection area of the receiving reflector, therefore, the optical detector is arranged on the propagation path of the reflected light, and the signals received by the optical detector are sent into the main control unit for data processing and analysis after being converted.
It should be noted that the process of data processing and analysis by the main control unit is the prior art, and specific improvements are not made here, and detailed description is omitted.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the emergent light source 1, the collimating lens 2, the aperture diaphragm 7, the receiving reflector 3 and the main transmitting and receiving lens 4 are coaxially arranged.
In order to meet the basic requirements of the cloud detection laser radar on environmental adaptability, stability, portability, miniaturization, easy installation and maintenance and the like, a coaxial transmission mode is adopted for an optical path, and please refer to fig. 2. The coaxial transmission mode is adopted, so that the efficiency of transmitting and receiving optical signals is highest, the optical signal energy loss caused by paraxial design is effectively avoided, the detection range can be from the ground to the maximum detection distance, and a dead zone on the vertical height is almost not existed.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the exit light source 1 comprises: pulsed lasers with a wavelength of 905 nm.
Because the laser emission angle that the pulse laser sent is too big, diverges too fast, consequently, has set up a aperture diaphragm in the front end, when in actual use, according to actual conditions structurally consider to adjust aperture diaphragm's size and light source position for the emission light beam emission is to the lens-barrel wall of restriction, avoids being scattered by the lens-barrel wall and the stray light that produces, influences echo signal's detection.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the light detector 6 comprises: avalanche photodiodes with effective diameter of 0.5mm are selected.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the filter 5 comprises: 905nm narrowband filter.
Referring to fig. 3, the position of the reflector can not only block the laser reflection, but also reduce the energy loss as much as possible when receiving the echo signal, so that the size of the opening of the reflector needs to be reduced to the greatest extent. The receiving reflector can be used for effectively collecting reflected light of the cloud body, so that the light intensity collected by the light detector is improved, and the detection intensity of the laser radar cloud detection system is enhanced.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. Coaxial optical system based on micropulse laser radar measurement cloud height, characterized by comprising: the device comprises an emergent light source (1), a collimating mirror (2), a receiving reflecting mirror (3), a main transmitting and receiving lens (4), a small aperture diaphragm (7), a filter (5) and a light detector (6); wherein the receiving reflector (3) is obliquely placed at 45 degrees, and a transmission area (31) and a reflection area (32) are arranged on the receiving reflector (3);
the emergent light source (1), the collimating mirror (2), the aperture diaphragm (7), the receiving reflector (3) and the main transmitting and receiving lens (4) are coaxially arranged;
the outgoing light emitted by the outgoing light source (1) sequentially passes through the collimating mirror (2) and the aperture diaphragm (7) to irradiate the transmission area (31), the transmission area (31) transmits the outgoing light to the main emitting and receiving lens (4), and the main emitting and receiving lens (4) irradiates the outgoing light to the sky cloud;
the emergent light irradiates the cloud body to generate rice scattering, the main transmitting and receiving lens (4) receives echo signals reflected by the cloud body, and the echo signals are reflected to the filter sheet (5) through the reflecting area (32) to be subjected to filtering treatment and are incident to the light detector (6).
2. The micro-pulse lidar measurement cloud height based coaxial optical system of claim 1, further comprising: the main control unit (8), the main control unit (8) is connected with the light detector (6) and the emergent light source (1).
3. The coaxial optical system based on micropulse lidar measurement cloud height according to claim 1, characterized in that the exit light source (1) comprises: pulsed lasers with a wavelength of 905 nm.
4. The coaxial optical system based on micropulse lidar measurement cloud height according to claim 1, characterized in that the photodetector (6) comprises: avalanche photodiodes.
5. The coaxial optical system based on micropulse lidar measurement cloud height according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter (5) comprises: 905nm narrowband filter.
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| CN201810998205.1A CN109164465B (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2018-08-29 | Coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on micropulse laser radar |
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| CN201810998205.1A CN109164465B (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2018-08-29 | Coaxial optical system for measuring cloud height based on micropulse laser radar |
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| CN109164465B true CN109164465B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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| CN109814082B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-10-22 | 上海禾赛科技有限公司 | Light receiving module and laser radar system |
| CN110133620B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-10-19 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Multi-line laser radar |
| CN110988913A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏亮点光电科技有限公司 | Semiconductor laser ceilometer with double optical axis structure |
| CN113093148A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Laser receiving system and laser radar |
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| KR0165222B1 (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 1999-03-20 | 이대원 | Vertical displacement measurement device of x-y stage |
| CN1967285A (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2007-05-23 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Lidar transmission-type confocal optical transceiver system |
| CN101452076B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2011-12-14 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Optical-mechanical system of semiconductor laser cloud height automatic measuring instrument |
| JP5663251B2 (en) * | 2010-09-22 | 2015-02-04 | 日本信号株式会社 | Beam light emitter / receiver |
| CN105652261A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 华勤通讯技术有限公司 | Laser radar optical system and laser radar |
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