CN210051640U - A multifunctional superconducting material mechanical experiment loading device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multifunctional loading device for superconducting material mechanics experiments, which comprises a support, a main beam, a guide wheel capable of rolling, a 1-shaped vertical rod, an L-shaped vertical rod, a clamping connecting plate made of insulating materials, a strip clamping and electrifying part made of red copper materials, a hinge, a fixed block, a hinge connection, a chain or a rope, a low-temperature container, liquid nitrogen and a current lead, wherein the main beam is formed by fastening two metal plates by bolts, the middle part of the 1-shaped vertical rod is connected to the left side of the main beam by the hinge, and the strip is clamped between the vertical surfaces of two copper components by the bolts; the clamping connecting plate is respectively connected between the lower end of the 1-shaped vertical rod and the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod and the strip clamping and electrifying component. The utility model discloses superconductive tape mechanics loading device can realize the loading requirement of superconductive tape under multiple mechanical state such as invariable pulling force, invariable prestretching very conveniently to can provide effectual low temperature environment and let high temperature superconducting material be in zero resistance state, thereby provide stable superconductive attitude experimental environment.

Description

A multifunctional superconducting material mechanical experiment loading device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of superconducting material mechanics experiment, in particular to a multifunctional superconducting material mechanics experiment loading device.

Background technique

Since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911, the superconductivity temperature has been increased step by step from 4.2K of mercury. In 1987, the emergence of yttrium barium copper oxide series materials made the critical temperature reach 90K, and the superconductivity critical temperature gradually increased. The prelude to the large-scale application of technology.

The Meissner effect in the phenomenon of superconductivity allows one to use this principle to make superconducting trains and superconducting ships, since these vehicles will operate in a suspended frictionless state, which will greatly improve their speed and quietness, and effectively Reduce mechanical wear. The superconducting suspension can be used to manufacture wear-free bearings, and the bearing speed can be increased to more than 100,000 revolutions per minute. The superconducting train has successfully carried out a manned feasibility test in the 1970s. The zero-resistance property of superconducting materials can be used to transmit electricity and make large magnets. Ultra-high voltage transmission will have large losses, and the use of superconductors can minimize losses. ITER (International Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor Program) is a major multilateral scientific international cooperation program second only to the International Space Station. The project is the most ideal form for future people to obtain infinite energy. The superconducting magnet in the ITER tokamak device is one of its core components. It is used to generate a complex strong magnetic field to confine the plasma with a high temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees. The structure is complex and expensive. In the next ten years, the scale of my country's superconducting market is about 130-160 billion yuan, and it is expected that by 2020, the output value will reach 75 billion US dollars. Due to the high barriers to superconducting technology, although various superconducting material companies and wire and cable manufacturers have successively entered the superconducting industry market, only a few research institutions in the world have mastered relevant technologies, and no companies have yet achieved large-scale commercial production. Monopoly pattern, so the first entrants in the market will occupy a clear dominant position due to their rich operating experience and become the market leader.

The formation of the superconducting state is directly related to the external environment. There are critical temperature Tc, critical current Ic, and critical magnetic field Hc. When the superconductivity exceeds a certain threshold, the superconductivity disappears and becomes a normal conductor (ie, "quench"). The internal stress state also affects the formation of superconducting states. In fact, the mechanical analysis of superconducting structures is a matter of the interaction between extreme low temperature, strong electromagnetic field and strong stress field. Under the action of large current and high magnetic field, the high-intensity electromagnetic force will significantly degrade the superconducting critical current and temperature of the superconducting cable, and even break and destroy the superconducting filament. The eddy current formed by the sudden change of the electromagnetic field will heat up and cause the coolant to evaporate, and the structural pressure will be too large, which may lead to the degradation and quench of the critical current, causing accidents.

The multi-field performance analysis of superconducting materials and structures in the real extreme operating environment, the mechanical properties characterization methods and basic experimental testing methods under the extremely complex environment (extremely low temperature, high current, strong magnetic field) are extremely scarce. The study of electromagnetics, heat transfer and mechanical properties of superconducting materials under extreme multi-field, as well as basic mechanical problems such as their mutual coupling effects and nonlinear effects, is the key to ensuring the safe operation of superconducting structures, and has become a superconducting structure at home and abroad. The hotspots and difficulties in the research of magnetic conductor technology, it is urgent to improve the methods and experimental monitoring methods for mechanical properties characterization in extreme multi-field environments.

Utility model content

In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a multifunctional superconducting material mechanical experiment loading device, which includes a support, a main beam, a rolling guide wheel, a 1-shaped vertical rod, an L-shaped vertical rod, Clamping connection plates made of insulating materials, strip clamping and energizing parts made of red copper materials, hinges, fixed blocks, hinged connections, chains or ropes, cryogenic containers, liquid nitrogen and current leads, the main beam is composed of two A piece of metal plate is fastened with bolts, the two ends are located on the support, the rolling guide wheel is set on the upper end of the support arm extending upward from the right side of the main beam through the rotating shaft, and the middle part of the 1-shaped vertical rod is connected to the left side of the main beam through a hinge , the upper part of the L-shaped vertical rod is fixedly connected with the main beam through two hinges; the strip clamping and energizing parts are divided into two groups, each group is composed of two "L-shaped" copper components, two "L-shaped" The copper components are arranged opposite to each other, and the strip is clamped between the vertical surfaces of the two copper components by bolts. The horizontal bottom surface of the "L-shaped" component is provided with bolt holes for connecting wires to realize the application of current. The "L-shaped" copper component The horizontal bottom surface of the pulley is immersed in liquid nitrogen; the chain or rope is connected to the upper end of the 1-shaped vertical rod, and the fixing block is arranged on the main beam under the guide wheel to fix the chain or rope passing through the guide wheel; clamping connection The plates are respectively connected between the lower end of the 1-shaped vertical rod and the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod and the strip clamping and energizing parts; the low temperature container is used for holding liquid nitrogen, and the current lead is connected to the high temperature superconducting strip.

Preferably, a rope tightener, a mechanical sensor, and a thermal trigger device are also provided, and the mechanical sensor is connected to the rope tightener through a chain or a rope through a guide wheel.

Preferably, a counterweight is provided under the fixed block connected with the chain or rope.

Preferably, the support is located above the support frame.

Preferably, a thermal trigger device is provided in the middle of the superconducting tape.

Preferably, the thermal triggering device is an electric heating sheet disposed in the middle of the superconducting tape, and the heat is controlled by setting the magnitude of the current flowing in.

Preferably, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a voltage sensor are provided on the high temperature superconducting tape.

Preferably, the clamping connecting plates are divided into two groups, each group is two pieces, the upper ends are clamped and fixed to the lower end of the 1-shaped vertical rod and the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod respectively, and the lower end and the "L-shaped" red copper member are movably connected by hinged connection .

The superconducting tape mechanical loading device of the utility model can very conveniently realize the loading requirements of the superconducting tape under various mechanical states such as constant tension and constant pre-stretching, and can provide an effective low-temperature environment for the high-temperature superconducting material It is in a zero resistance state, thereby providing a stable superconducting state experimental environment. With the testing system related to this patent, it is convenient to realize the measurement of various physical quantities of the strip. Such as: critical current measurement in free state of superconducting tape; critical current measurement under constant axial external force; quench propagation characteristics under given initial pre-strain conditions; quench propagation characteristics under constant axial external force conditions; quench propagation velocity Measurement; monitoring of heat source hot spots during quench propagation; voltage monitoring during quenching, etc. And on this basis, the background magnetic field can be easily added to realize the mechanical experiment of superconducting materials in a multi-field environment.

Description of drawings

The specific embodiments of the present utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the main mechanical parts of the multifunctional superconducting material mechanical experimental loading device of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main mechanical part cut along the plane of symmetry in the experiment for a given initial strain loading method.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main mechanical component cut along the symmetry plane in the experiment of the constant external force loading scheme.

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an "L-shaped" copper member.

Detailed ways

The device introduced in this patent is mainly divided into a mechanical mechanical loading part, a superconducting material clamping part, a current loading and insulating adiabatic part, a thermally triggered quench of a superconducting material, an experimental sensing part, a background magnetic field part and other functional extensions.

1.1 Mechanical mechanical loading part:

According to different experiments, the device introduced in this patent can realize the mechanical loading requirements in two special cases. The main components are the mechanical structures shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3.

1 is a support, and the whole device can be placed securely by lifting 1 with a fixed bracket to a certain height.

2 is the main beam, which is composed of two metal plates fastened with bolts, and supports other components with two supports 1.

3 is a rolling guide wheel, which is used for the steering and support of the rope.

4 is a 1-shaped vertical rod, which is used as an equal-arm lever, which can transfer the pulling force of the rope to 6 in an equal amount to realize the transmission of the upper loading force and the lower experimental part.

5 is an L-shaped vertical rod, which is fixed by two upper hinges to form a rigid body with the main beam 2 .

6 is a clamping connection plate made of insulating material, which forms an electrical insulating connection between 5 and 7, and forms a rotatable hinge with 7 at the same time, so as to realize that the test material keeps the load direction always in tension during the mechanical load application process.

7 is a strip clamping and energizing part made of red copper material, divided into two groups, each group is composed of two "L-shaped" copper components. Three main functions can be achieved: the strip is clamped between the vertical surfaces of the two copper members through bolts to form the clamping of the strip. The current is applied through the bolt holes on the horizontal bottom surface of the "L-shaped" member to access the wires. At the same time, the horizontal bottom surface of the "L-shaped" red copper component should be immersed in liquid nitrogen to form a heat sink and cool the current lead.

8 is a hinge, the parts are assembled to realize rotation, and also serve as a fixed part of the two main beam plates 2.

9 is the fixed block of the force sensor 12 .

10 is the hinge formed by 6 and 7.

11 is a rope tightener, which can tighten the rope, that is, apply a pre-strained stretch.

12 is a force sensor, which can measure the force value exerted on the rope.

13 is a chain or rope with high rigidity and good flexibility.

14 is a support frame.

15 is a low temperature container, which is used to hold liquid nitrogen and keep the temperature environment of the superconducting material stable.

16 is liquid nitrogen, keeping the liquid level lower than the experimental sample and higher than the horizontal bottom plate of the fixture 7.

17 is a high temperature superconducting tape.

18 is the current lead.

19 is a thermal trigger device.

20 is the placement area for superconducting tape sensors, such as temperature sensors, voltage leads, optical fiber sensors, Hall probes, and the like.

21 is a counterweight weight, and the mechanical loading is realized by the self-weight of the weight.

Experimental method to achieve a given pre-stretch amount. As shown in FIG. 2 , by adjusting the rope retractor 11 , a predetermined stretching amount can be provided to the superconducting tape 17 , so that the 17 is in an inner stretched state. During the whole experiment process, since the strip is in different heating states, local thermal expansion and cold contraction will be caused, so the measurement value of the force sensor 12 will change during the whole process.

Methods to achieve constant axial tension during experiments. As shown in FIG. 3 , the top end of the rope 13 pulls the top of the vertical plate 4 around the fixed pulley 4 and then goes down vertically, and the bottom is hung with a weight, which is loaded by the weight of the weight. During the whole experiment process, since the gravity of the weight 21 remains unchanged, the force will always be transmitted to the experimental strip to realize constant force loading in the whole process.

1.2 Superconducting material clamping part

As shown in Figure 4, after the copper "L-shaped" members 7 are buckled and reinforced with bolts, the strip can be effectively clamped. The middle part is provided with a cylindrical shaft support which is hinged with the insulating plate 6 . Placing the strip in the center and clamping it can ensure that the load is applied to form the axial tension after the strip is installed, and the existence of bending moment can be avoided.

In addition, the distance between the two groups 7 can be realized by adjusting the "L-shaped" vertical rod 5, so as to realize the test of strip lengths of different specifications.

1.3 Current loading and insulation part

The current is directly input into the superconducting tape after connecting with the cable 18 and 7 to realize the introduction of the current. At the same time, the connecting plate 6 is an insulating material and is also a poor conductor of heat. While insulating, it also avoids the introduction of external heat into 7 and affects the conductivity of the superconducting tape.

1.4 Thermally triggered quench part of superconducting tape

An electric heating plate is arranged in the middle of the superconducting tape 17, and the amount of current flowing in is set to control the heat. Due to the generation of heat, the local temperature rises, thus quenching, forming a normal conductor, and the Joule effect of the tape carrying current. A heat source is formed and expanded.

1.5 Experimental sensing part

The two sides 20 of the superconducting tape heat source 19 are the positions where the sensors are set, and single-point, quasi-distributed, distributed temperature, strain, and voltage sensors can be added to realize the study of the quench propagation characteristics.

1.6 Background magnetic field

The test section provided by the device has a large space, and electromagnets can be added outside or inside the cryogenic container to form a transverse magnetic field. Most of the mechanical parts are made of aluminum or copper and brass, which can effectively avoid the interference of magnetic materials on the background magnetic field.

1.7 Formation of low temperature and constant temperature environment for superconducting tape

Achieve gaseous ambient cooling and conduction cooling environments. The liquid nitrogen container 15 is made of a material with good thermal insulation to control the volatilization of the liquid nitrogen at a low level, while keeping the liquid nitrogen liquid level below the lower part of the copper piece 7, and ensuring that the liquid nitrogen does not come into contact with the superconducting material, leaving an appropriate amount of gaseous gap. . The superconducting strip is cooled by the nitrogen gas near the liquid surface, and the fixture 7 can also conduct the cold energy of the liquid nitrogen to the strip, so as to realize the cooling of the gas environment and the conduction cooling of the copper block, and fully meet the cooling requirements of the experiment.

If a completely liquid nitrogen immersion cooling environment is required, simply add liquid nitrogen over the top surface of the strip.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still understand the foregoing. The technical solutions described in the embodiments are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A multifunctional loading device for a superconducting material mechanics experiment is characterized in that: the device comprises a support, a main beam, a rollable guide wheel, a 1-shaped vertical rod, an L-shaped vertical rod, a clamping connecting plate made of an insulating material, a strip clamping and electrifying part made of red copper material, hinges, a fixing block, a hinged connection, a chain or rope, a low-temperature container, liquid nitrogen and a current lead, wherein the main beam is formed by fastening two metal plates by using bolts, two ends of the main beam are positioned on the support, the rollable guide wheel is arranged at the upper end of a supporting arm extending upwards on the right side of the main beam through a rotating shaft, the middle part of the 1-shaped vertical rod is connected to the left side of the main beam through the hinges; the strip clamping and electrifying component comprises two groups, each group consists of two L-shaped copper components which are arranged in an opposite mode, the strip is clamped between the vertical surfaces of the two copper components through bolts, bolt holes are formed in the horizontal bottom surfaces of the L-shaped components and used for being connected with a lead to achieve application of current, and the horizontal bottom surfaces of the L-shaped red copper components are immersed in liquid nitrogen; the chain or the rope is connected to the upper end of the 1-shaped vertical rod, and the fixing block is arranged on the main beam below the guide wheel and used for fixing the chain or the rope passing through the guide wheel; the clamping connecting plates are respectively connected between the lower ends of the 1-shaped vertical rods and the L-shaped vertical rods and the strip clamping and electrifying component; the low-temperature container is used for containing liquid nitrogen, and the current lead is connected with the high-temperature superconducting tape.

2. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: the rope tightening device is further provided with a rope tightening device, a mechanical sensor and a thermal trigger device, wherein the mechanical sensor is connected with the rope tightening device through a chain or a rope by a guide wheel.

3. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: and a counterweight is connected with the chain or the rope below the fixed block.

4. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: the support is positioned on the support frame.

5. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: and the middle part of the superconducting strip is provided with a thermal trigger device.

6. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 5, wherein: the thermal trigger device is an electric heating piece arranged in the middle of the superconducting strip, and the control of heat is realized by setting the magnitude of the current to be introduced.

7. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: and the high-temperature superconducting strip is provided with a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a voltage sensor.

8. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: the clamping connecting plates are divided into two groups, each group is divided into two groups, the upper ends of the two groups are respectively clamped and fixed at the lower end of the 1-shaped vertical rod and the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod, and the lower ends of the two groups are movably connected with the L-shaped red copper component through hinges.

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