CN210051640U - Multifunctional loading device for mechanical experiment of superconducting material - Google Patents
Multifunctional loading device for mechanical experiment of superconducting material Download PDFInfo
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- CN210051640U CN210051640U CN201920154528.2U CN201920154528U CN210051640U CN 210051640 U CN210051640 U CN 210051640U CN 201920154528 U CN201920154528 U CN 201920154528U CN 210051640 U CN210051640 U CN 210051640U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a multifunctional loading device for superconducting material mechanics experiments, which comprises a support, a main beam, a guide wheel capable of rolling, a 1-shaped vertical rod, an L-shaped vertical rod, a clamping connecting plate made of insulating materials, a strip clamping and electrifying part made of red copper materials, a hinge, a fixed block, a hinge connection, a chain or a rope, a low-temperature container, liquid nitrogen and a current lead, wherein the main beam is formed by fastening two metal plates by bolts, the middle part of the 1-shaped vertical rod is connected to the left side of the main beam by the hinge, and the strip is clamped between the vertical surfaces of two copper components by the bolts; the clamping connecting plate is respectively connected between the lower end of the 1-shaped vertical rod and the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod and the strip clamping and electrifying component. The utility model discloses superconductive tape mechanics loading device can realize the loading requirement of superconductive tape under multiple mechanical state such as invariable pulling force, invariable prestretching very conveniently to can provide effectual low temperature environment and let high temperature superconducting material be in zero resistance state, thereby provide stable superconductive attitude experimental environment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the mechanics of superconducting material experiment, in particular to multi-functional superconducting material mechanics experiment loading device.
Background
Since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911, the superconductivity temperature is increased step by step from 4.2K of mercury, in 1987, the critical temperature reaches 90K due to the occurrence of yttrium barium copper oxide materials, the superconductivity critical temperature is gradually increased, and the superconducting technology is pulled to be applied in a large scale.
The meissner effect in the superconducting phenomenon allows one to use this principle to make superconducting trains and boats, which will greatly increase their speed and quietness and effectively reduce mechanical wear, since these vehicles will operate in a suspended frictionless state. The superconductive suspension can be used for manufacturing a non-abrasion bearing, the rotating speed of the bearing is increased to more than 10 ten thousand revolutions per minute, and the superconductive train has successfully carried out the manned feasibility test in the 70 s. The zero resistance property of superconducting materials can be used for power transmission and the manufacture of large magnets. The super-high voltage transmission has great loss, and the loss can be reduced to the maximum extent by using the superconductor. ITER (International thermonuclear fusion reactor plan) is a major multilateral large scientific international cooperation plan second to the international space station in scale, is also the largest international scientific and technological cooperation project which is happened, competent and participated in by equal partner identities in China, and is the most ideal form for acquiring infinite energy by the young. The superconducting magnet in the ITER tokamak device is one of core components, is used for generating a complex strong magnetic field to restrain a plasma with a high temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees, and has a complex structure and high manufacturing cost. The scale of the superconducting market in China is about 1300-1600 billion RMB in the coming decade, and the output value is estimated to reach 750 billion dollars by 2020. Because of the high barrier of the superconducting technology, although various superconducting material enterprises and wire and cable production enterprises successively enter the market of the superconducting industry, only a few research institutions grasp the related technologies all over the world, no enterprises realize large-scale commercial production yet, and the market presents a monopoly situation, so that the most advanced market entrants will occupy an obvious dominant position due to abundant operation experiences and become market leaders.
The formation of the superconducting state is directly related to the external environment, the critical temperature Tc, the critical current Ic and the critical magnetic field Hc exist, the superconducting characteristic disappears immediately after a certain threshold value is exceeded, and the superconducting state becomes a normal conductor (namely 'quench'), and the latest research shows that the formation of the superconducting state can be influenced by the internal stress state. In fact, the mechanical analysis of the superconducting structure is the problem of mutual coupling of extremely low temperature, strong electromagnetic field and strong stress field. Under the action of large current carrying and high magnetic field, the action of high-strength electromagnetic force can cause the superconducting critical current and temperature of the superconducting cable to be remarkably degraded, and even the superconducting filaments to be broken and damaged. The eddy current formed by the sudden change of the electromagnetic field generates heat immediately to cause the evaporation of the coolant, and the structure pressure is overlarge, which can cause the degradation and the quenching of critical current to cause accidents.
The multi-field performance analysis of the superconducting material and the structure under the real extreme operation environment is very deficient in a mechanical performance characterization method and a basic experiment test means under the extreme complex environment (extremely low temperature, high current and strong magnetic field). The research on the fundamental mechanics problems of the electromagnetic, heat transfer and mechanical properties of the superconducting material under extreme multi-field conditions, the mutual coupling effect and the nonlinear effect between the characteristics and the like is the key to ensure the safe operation of the superconducting structure, has become a hotspot and difficulty in the technical research of domestic and foreign superconducting magnets, and urgently needs to perfect the method and the experimental monitoring means for the mechanical property characterization under the extreme multi-field environment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a multifunctional loading device for superconducting material mechanics experiments, which comprises a support, a main beam, a rolling guide wheel, a 1-shaped vertical rod, an L-shaped vertical rod, a clamping connecting plate made of insulating materials, a strip clamping and electrifying part made of red copper materials, a hinge, a fixed block, a hinge connection, a chain or a rope, a low-temperature container, liquid nitrogen and a current lead wire, wherein the main beam is formed by fastening two metal plates by bolts, two ends of the main beam are positioned on the support, the rolling guide wheel is arranged at the upper end of a supporting arm extending upwards on the right side of the main beam through a rotating shaft, the middle part of the 1-shaped vertical rod is connected to the left side of the main beam through the hinge; the strip clamping and electrifying component comprises two groups, each group consists of two L-shaped copper components which are arranged in an opposite mode, the strip is clamped between the vertical surfaces of the two copper components through bolts, bolt holes are formed in the horizontal bottom surfaces of the L-shaped components and used for being connected with a lead to achieve application of current, and the horizontal bottom surfaces of the L-shaped red copper components are immersed in liquid nitrogen; the chain or the rope is connected to the upper end of the 1-shaped vertical rod, and the fixing block is arranged on the main beam below the guide wheel and used for fixing the chain or the rope passing through the guide wheel; the clamping connecting plates are respectively connected between the lower ends of the 1-shaped vertical rods and the L-shaped vertical rods and the strip clamping and electrifying component; the low-temperature container is used for containing liquid nitrogen, and the current lead is connected with the high-temperature superconducting tape.
Preferably, the rope tightener, the mechanical sensor and the thermal trigger device are further arranged, and the mechanical sensor is connected with the rope tightener through a chain or a rope by a guide wheel.
Preferably, a counterweight is arranged below the fixing block and connected with the chain or the rope.
Preferably, the support is located above the support frame.
Preferably, a thermal trigger device is provided at the middle of the superconducting tape.
Preferably, the thermal trigger device is an electric heating sheet arranged in the middle of the superconducting tape, and the control of heat is realized by setting the amount of current to be introduced.
Preferably, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a voltage sensor are arranged on the high-temperature superconducting tape.
Preferably, the clamping connecting plates are two in two groups, each group is two, the upper ends of the clamping connecting plates are respectively clamped and fixed at the lower end of the 1-shaped vertical rod and the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod, and the lower ends of the clamping connecting plates are movably connected with the L-shaped red copper component through hinge connection.
The utility model discloses superconductive tape mechanics loading device can realize the loading requirement of superconductive tape under multiple mechanical state such as invariable pulling force, invariable prestretching very conveniently to can provide effectual low temperature environment and let high temperature superconducting material be in zero resistance state, thereby provide stable superconductive attitude experimental environment. The multiple physical quantity of the strip can be conveniently measured by matching with the relevant test system of the patent. Such as: measuring the critical current of the superconducting strip in a free state; measuring critical current under the condition of constant axial external force; quench propagation characteristics under the condition of given initial pre-strain; quench propagation characteristics under constant axial external force conditions; measuring the quench propagation speed; monitoring a heat source hot spot in the quench propagation process; voltage monitoring during quench, etc. And a background magnetic field can be conveniently added on the basis, so that a superconducting material mechanics experiment under a multi-field environment is realized.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the main mechanical parts of the loading device for the mechanical experiment of the multifunctional superconducting material of the utility model.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main machine part cut along a plane of symmetry in a given initial strain loading method experiment.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main mechanical part cut along a plane of symmetry in an experiment with a constant force loading scheme.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an "L-shaped" copper component.
Detailed Description
The device is mainly divided into a mechanical loading part, a superconducting material clamping part, a current loading and insulating and heat insulating part, a superconducting material thermal triggering quench part, an experiment sensing part, a background magnetic field part and other functional extensions.
1.1 mechanical loading part:
according to different experiments, the device introduced by the patent can meet the mechanical loading requirements under two special conditions. The main components are mechanical structures as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3.
The 1 is a support, and the whole device can be placed stably by supporting the 1 by a fixed support at a certain height.
And 2, the main beam is formed by fastening two metal plates by bolts and realizes the supporting effect on other parts with the two supports 1.
3 is a rollable guide pulley for the steering and support of the rope.
The 4 is a 1-shaped vertical rod which is used as an equal-arm lever and can transfer the tension of the rope to the 6 in equal amount, so that the transmission of the upper loading force and the lower experiment part force is realized.
And 5 is an L-shaped vertical rod, and the 6 is fixed through two hinges at the upper part to form a rigid body with the main beam 2.
And 6, the clamping connecting plate is made of an insulating material, 5 and 7 are electrically insulated and connected, and a rotatable chain is formed with 7, so that the test material can keep the load direction to be always tensile in the mechanical load applying process.
And 7, the strip clamping and electrifying part made of red copper materials is divided into two groups, and each group consists of two L-shaped copper components. Three main functions can be achieved: the clamping of the strip is made by clamping the strip between two vertical faces of the copper members by means of bolts. The application of current is realized by connecting a lead wire through a bolt hole on the horizontal bottom surface of the L-shaped component. And simultaneously, the horizontal bottom surface of the L-shaped red copper component is immersed in liquid nitrogen to form a heat sink and cool the current lead.
And 8 is a hinge, the part assembly part is rotated, and the hinge is also used as a fixing part of the two main beam plates 2.
And 9 is a mechanical sensor 12 fixed block.
10 is the hinge connection formed by 6 and 7.
And 11 is a rope tightener, which can tighten the rope, i.e. apply prestrained tension.
12 is a mechanical sensor which can measure the force value applied to the rope.
13 is a chain or a rope with high rigidity and good flexibility.
14 is a support frame.
And 15, a low-temperature container used for containing liquid nitrogen and keeping the temperature environment of the superconducting material stable.
Liquid nitrogen is used as the liquid level 16, and the liquid level is kept lower than the experimental sample and higher than the horizontal bottom plate of the clamp 7.
17 is a high temperature superconducting tape.
And 18 is a current lead.
And 19 is a thermal trigger device.
And 20, placing areas of the superconducting tape sensor, such as a temperature sensor, a voltage lead, an optical fiber sensor, a Hall probe and the like.
And 21, a counterweight is used, and the mechanical loading is realized by the dead weight of the counterweight.
Experimental method to achieve a given amount of pretension. As shown in fig. 2, the superconducting tape 17 is provided with a predetermined amount of tension by adjusting the rope tightener 11 so that the tape 17 is in an internally stretched state. In the whole experiment process, the strip is in different heating states, so that local thermal expansion and cold contraction can be caused, and the measurement value of the force sensor 12 can be changed in the whole process.
A method for realizing constant axial tension in the experimental process. As shown in figure 3, the left end of the rope 13 pulls the top end of the vertical plate 4 to pass through the fixed pulley 4 and then vertically downwards, and the weight is suspended at the bottom, so that the weight is loaded by using the gravity of the weight. In the whole experiment process, as the gravity borne by the weight 21 is unchanged, the force can be transmitted to the experiment strip all the time, and the constant force loading in the whole process is realized.
1.2 superconducting material clamping part
As shown in fig. 4, the red copper "L" shaped member 7 is fastened and bolted to achieve effective clamping of the strip. The middle part is provided with a cylindrical shaft support which is hinged with the insulating plate 6. After the strip is placed in the center and clamped, the strip can be guaranteed to be axially stretched by applying load after being installed, and the existence of bending moment is avoided.
In addition, the distance between the two groups of vertical rods 7 can be adjusted by adjusting the L-shaped vertical rods 5, and the length test of the strips with different specifications can be realized.
1.3 Current Loading and insulating the adiabatic section
The current is directly input into the superconducting tape after being connected with the cables 7 through the cables 18, so that the current is introduced. Meanwhile, the connecting plate 6 is made of insulating materials and is a poor thermal conductor, and the influence of external heat brought into the connecting plate 7 on the conductivity of the superconducting tape is avoided while insulation is achieved.
1.4 thermal triggered quench section of superconducting tape
The middle part of the superconducting strip 17 is provided with an electric heating piece, the amount of current which is introduced is set to realize the control of heat, the temperature is locally raised due to the generation of heat, thus quench occurs, a normal conductor is formed, and the joule effect of the current carried by the strip forms a heat source and is expanded.
1.5 Experimental sensing section
Two sides 20 of the superconducting strip heat source 19 are provided with sensors, and single-point, quasi-distributed and distributed temperature, strain and voltage sensors can be added to realize the research on the quench propagation characteristics.
1.6 background magnetic field
The test section space that this device provided is great, can add the electro-magnet outside or inside the cryogenic container, forms horizontal magnetic field. The mechanical part is mostly made of aluminum or red copper or brass, so that the interference of the magnetic material to the background magnetic field can be effectively avoided.
1.7 formation of a cryostat Environment for superconducting tapes
Gaseous ambient cooling and conductive cooling environments are achieved. The liquid nitrogen container 15 is made of a material with good heat insulation, the volatilization amount of liquid nitrogen is controlled to be at a lower level, the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen is kept to be over the lower part of the red copper piece 7, the liquid nitrogen is ensured not to be contacted with the superconducting material, and a proper amount of gaseous gaps are reserved. The superconducting strip is cooled by nitrogen near the liquid level, and meanwhile, the clamp 7 can also transmit the cold energy of the liquid nitrogen to the strip, so that the cooling of the gas environment and the conduction cooling of the copper block are realized, and the requirement of the experiment on the cooling is fully met.
If a complete liquid nitrogen immersion type cooling environment is required, only liquid nitrogen needs to be added to exceed the upper surface of the strip.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multifunctional loading device for a superconducting material mechanics experiment is characterized in that: the device comprises a support, a main beam, a rollable guide wheel, a 1-shaped vertical rod, an L-shaped vertical rod, a clamping connecting plate made of an insulating material, a strip clamping and electrifying part made of red copper material, hinges, a fixing block, a hinged connection, a chain or rope, a low-temperature container, liquid nitrogen and a current lead, wherein the main beam is formed by fastening two metal plates by using bolts, two ends of the main beam are positioned on the support, the rollable guide wheel is arranged at the upper end of a supporting arm extending upwards on the right side of the main beam through a rotating shaft, the middle part of the 1-shaped vertical rod is connected to the left side of the main beam through the hinges; the strip clamping and electrifying component comprises two groups, each group consists of two L-shaped copper components which are arranged in an opposite mode, the strip is clamped between the vertical surfaces of the two copper components through bolts, bolt holes are formed in the horizontal bottom surfaces of the L-shaped components and used for being connected with a lead to achieve application of current, and the horizontal bottom surfaces of the L-shaped red copper components are immersed in liquid nitrogen; the chain or the rope is connected to the upper end of the 1-shaped vertical rod, and the fixing block is arranged on the main beam below the guide wheel and used for fixing the chain or the rope passing through the guide wheel; the clamping connecting plates are respectively connected between the lower ends of the 1-shaped vertical rods and the L-shaped vertical rods and the strip clamping and electrifying component; the low-temperature container is used for containing liquid nitrogen, and the current lead is connected with the high-temperature superconducting tape.
2. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: the rope tightening device is further provided with a rope tightening device, a mechanical sensor and a thermal trigger device, wherein the mechanical sensor is connected with the rope tightening device through a chain or a rope by a guide wheel.
3. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: and a counterweight is connected with the chain or the rope below the fixed block.
4. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: the support is positioned on the support frame.
5. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: and the middle part of the superconducting strip is provided with a thermal trigger device.
6. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 5, wherein: the thermal trigger device is an electric heating piece arranged in the middle of the superconducting strip, and the control of heat is realized by setting the magnitude of the current to be introduced.
7. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: and the high-temperature superconducting strip is provided with a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a voltage sensor.
8. The multifunctional loading device for the superconducting material mechanics experiment of claim 1, wherein: the clamping connecting plates are divided into two groups, each group is divided into two groups, the upper ends of the two groups are respectively clamped and fixed at the lower end of the 1-shaped vertical rod and the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod, and the lower ends of the two groups are movably connected with the L-shaped red copper component through hinges.
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| CN109827838A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-31 | 兰州大学 | A kind of Multifunctional superconducting material mechanics experiment loading device |
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| CN109827838A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-31 | 兰州大学 | A kind of Multifunctional superconducting material mechanics experiment loading device |
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