CN210048712U - Ultrasonic automatic control device for electric desalting - Google Patents
Ultrasonic automatic control device for electric desalting Download PDFInfo
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- CN210048712U CN210048712U CN201920811191.8U CN201920811191U CN210048712U CN 210048712 U CN210048712 U CN 210048712U CN 201920811191 U CN201920811191 U CN 201920811191U CN 210048712 U CN210048712 U CN 210048712U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a crude oil electric desalting dehydration technical field, concretely relates to ultrasonic wave automatic control device for electric desalting, including pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism, ultrasonic transducer, supersonic generator and the control unit, install pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism on the pipeline after static mixer before the crude oil advances the electric desalting jar and mixing valve, pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism both ends opening symmetry installation ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic transducer passes through supersonic generator control, and supersonic generator arranges in the explosion-proof cabinet, supersonic generator and the control unit communication in the explosion-proof cabinet. The utility model discloses but automatic control is intensity of ultrasonic wave for the electric desalting to adapt to the change of crude oil nature and the crude oil contains the change of salt water content.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a crude oil electric desalting dehydration technical field, concretely relates to ultrasonic wave automatic control device for electric desalting.
Background
The electric desalting is the first pretreatment of crude oil from oil field to oil refinery, and the electric desalting process needs water injection to eliminate water soluble inorganic salt, mainly NaCl salt, from the crude oil. In the electric desalting process, the water and the water-soluble inorganic salt are removed from the crude oil after water injection and mixing under the action of a high-voltage electric field. In production, the oil sludge of the electric desalting tank is prevented from silting in an ultrasonic mode, the demulsification of the crude oil emulsion after water injection is realized in an ultrasonic mode, and the ultrasonic wave is gradually applied to the electric desalting industry.
For oil-water emulsion formed after water injection in the electric desalting process, the intensity of ultrasonic waves is too high, so that the emulsification degree is aggravated, the desalting and dewatering are difficult, the electric desalting effect is influenced, the quality of electric desalting and draining water is also poor, and the electric desalting and draining water contains oil and has a high COD value; for the oil-water emulsion formed after water injection in the electric desalting process, the insufficient ultrasonic effect is easily caused by the over-low intensity of ultrasonic waves, so that the oil sludge sedimentation prevention effect of the electric desalting tank is poor, or the oil-water emulsion breaking strength is insufficient and the desalting and dewatering effect is poor. Therefore, when the crude oil emulsion is demulsified after water injection by using ultrasonic waves, the intensity of the ultrasonic waves needs to be adjusted in real time to adapt to the change of the properties of the crude oil and the change of the salt and water content of the crude oil, but the current ultrasonic generators cannot realize the function.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model aims to provide a: provided is an automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting, which can automatically control the intensity of ultrasonic waves for electric desalting to adapt to the change of crude oil properties and the change of salt and water content of crude oil.
The utility model discloses a solve the technical scheme that its technical problem adopted and do:
the automatic ultrasonic control device for the electric desalting comprises a pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism, ultrasonic transducers, an ultrasonic generator and a control unit, wherein the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism is arranged on a static mixer in front of a crude oil inlet electric desalting tank and on a pipeline behind a mixing valve, the ultrasonic transducers are symmetrically arranged at openings at two ends of the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism and are controlled by the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic generator is arranged in an explosion-proof cabinet, and the ultrasonic generator in the explosion-proof cabinet is communicated with the control unit.
Injecting electric desalting water injection into crude oil before desalting, fully mixing with a static mixer and a mixing valve, desalting and dehydrating in an electric desalting tank, controlling the output power of ultrasonic waves by a control unit according to the average current of the electric desalting tank, and changing the average current of the electric desalting tank due to the change of crude oil properties and the change of crude oil salt and water content, adjusting the output power of the ultrasonic waves in real time by the control unit according to the change of the average current of the electric desalting tank, wherein the control relation is P-a-bI, wherein P is the ultrasonic output power, I is the average current of the electric desalting tank, a is an adjustable constant, b is an adjustable coefficient, parameters a and b are calculated according to the optimal range end value of the ultrasonic output power and the corresponding end value of the average current of the electric desalting tank, for example, the optimal range of the ultrasonic output power is 120-300W, the average current of the electric desalting tank is 260-30A, when P is 120, I is 260; when P is 300 and I is 30, a linear equation of two is utilized:
120＝a-b*260 (1)
300＝a-b*30 (2)
and calculating a ≈ 323 and b ≈ 0.78 in the mathematical relational expression, adjusting the output power of the ultrasonic wave in real time by a control unit according to the mathematical relational expression of P ═ 323-0.78I, preferably selecting a DCS centralized control unit by the control unit, wherein the average current of the electric desalting tank can be the average current of a primary winding of a transformer of the electric desalting tank, can also be the average current of a secondary winding of the transformer of the electric desalting tank, and is the optimal current of the primary winding of the transformer.
The change of the crude oil property means that the electrical conductivity of the crude oil processed by the oil refinery is different at different moments, and the current of the crude oil electric desalting tank is correspondingly changed; the change of the salt and water content of the crude oil means that the salt and water content properties of the crude oil processed by the oil refinery are different at different moments, and the average current of the crude oil electric desalting tank is correspondingly changed.
Wherein, the preferred scheme is as follows:
the ultrasonic transducer with horn-shaped emitting surfaces is adopted, the emitting surfaces of the ultrasonic transducers at the two ends of the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism are arranged oppositely, the ultrasonic transducers convert electric energy into ultrasonic mechanical energy, the two ultrasonic transducers arranged at the two ends of the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism generate parallel correlation ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction and the opposite propagation direction, the parallel correlation ultrasonic waves are reflected by the pipe wall of the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism to generate non-uniform pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves, a mixed action mode of the parallel correlation ultrasonic waves and the pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves is formed, and field effect standing waves are easy to generate.
Pipeline formula ultrasonic wave effect mechanism establishes to the dumbbell type pipeline that two ends are thick thin in the middle, and dumbbell type pipeline both ends set up material import and material export respectively, and dumbbell type pipeline uses the perpendicular bisector of its axis to be symmetrical type structure as the symmetry axis, and the inhomogeneous pipeline reflection ultrasonic wave of formation can continue to propagate along advancing, going out material pipeline through material import and material export, has extended the ultrasonic wave between the region of action.
The dumbbell-shaped pipeline type ultrasonic wave generator comprises large-diameter straight pipe sections at two ends and a small-diameter straight pipe section in the middle, the large-diameter straight pipe sections and the small-diameter straight pipe sections are connected through transition inclined pipes, the diameters of the emitting surfaces of two ultrasonic transducers are larger than those of the small-diameter straight pipe sections, ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers can be reflected by the transition inclined pipes to form non-uniform pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves, downstream ultrasonic waves and upstream ultrasonic waves reflected by the transition inclined pipes repeatedly change the transmission direction after being reflected to form interwoven non-uniform pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves with the uniform parallel correlation ultrasonic wave transmission direction, and an ultrasonic wave action mode of mixing the uniform ultrasonic waves and the non-uniform ultrasonic waves is formed.
The ultrasonic transducer adopts a magnetostrictive transducer, and a cooling liquid jacket is arranged corresponding to the magnetostrictive transducer.
The cooling liquid jacket comprises a cooling liquid cavity and a wiring cavity which are connected through a fixing bolt, and the coil winding of the ultrasonic transducer, the whole magnetostrictive material and a part of the vibrator block are positioned in the cooling liquid cavity; the oscillator block is arranged at one end of the cooling liquid cavity shell through a compression sealing bolt and a sealing ring, and the wiring cavity is arranged on a cooling liquid cavity cover plate at the other end of the cooling liquid cavity shell through a fixing bolt; a porous cylindrical cooling liquid fairing is arranged inside the cooling liquid cavity, a cooling liquid filling hole is formed in a cover plate of the cooling liquid cavity, and preferably 2 cooling liquid filling holes are formed in the cooling liquid cavity.
Injecting cooling liquid into the cooling liquid cavity through a cooling liquid injection hole of the cooling liquid cavity shell, sealing the cooling liquid injection hole through sealing rubber and a sealing bolt after the cooling liquid is injected, completely immersing the coil winding and the magnetostrictive material in the cooling liquid, and immersing most of the inner side wall of the vibrator block of the transducer in the cooling liquid; be provided with the internal thread hole on the oscillator piece, the internal thread jogged joint ultrasonic transducer transmitting end face of oscillator piece, ultrasonic transducer's coil winding pin connection supersonic generator, ultrasonic transducer during operation, the cooling heat dissipation process is: the heat of the coil winding, the magnetostrictive material and the vibrator block, cooling of the cooling liquid, forced convection heat transfer of the cooling liquid fairing, heat dissipation of the cooling liquid cavity shell and air cooling heat dissipation are finally dissipated in the air, and the cooling of the ultrasonic transducer is realized.
The forced convection heat transfer of the cooling liquid fairing refers to a process of strengthening convection heat transfer generated by the flowing of cooling liquid and the flowing of cooling liquid generated by the flowing of the cooling liquid, wherein the flowing of the cooling liquid is generated by the material exchange of the cooling liquid in a cold area and the cooling liquid in a hot area through the restriction and the limitation of the porous cylindrical cooling liquid fairing.
The cooling liquid cavity shell and the cooling liquid cavity cover plate are made of metal materials, preferably copper materials, aluminum materials, stainless steel materials, carbon steel materials and other metal materials, and different materials are selected according to pressure-resistant requirements, equipment cost requirements and heat dissipation requirements in practical application; the cooling liquid fairing is a barrel-shaped structure with a plurality of small holes arranged on the barrel wall, the cooling liquid fairing is fixed on a cooling liquid cavity cover plate, the cooling liquid cavity cover plate is installed on a cooling liquid cavity shell to form a sealed cooling liquid cavity, and the fixing and connecting mode can be a conventional fixed connecting mode.
The cooling liquid filled in the cooling liquid cavity is one or a mixture of more than two of water, ethanol, propanol, glycol and glycerol, and the selection of the cooling liquid is to meet the requirements of fire and explosion prevention production fields; before filling, the cooling liquid needs to be heated to fully remove dissolved oxygen, so as to achieve the purposes of corrosion resistance and durability.
After the cooling liquid cavity is filled with cooling liquid, 10-40% of the volume of the cooling liquid cavity is reserved to be used as a gas-phase expansion space, the gas-phase expansion space can be compressed when the cooling liquid expands, the cavity can work normally, the cooling liquid cavity is in a positive pressure state when the cooling liquid works, the design of the whole cavity system meets the pressure-resistant requirement, and the design and factory inspection reach the design inspection standard of 100 ℃ and 2.0 MPa.
The vibrator block is provided with connecting threads connected with the horn-shaped ultrasonic transmitting end face, the vibrator block is connected with the horn-shaped ultrasonic transmitting end face through a lead screw, the end face is coupled by a coupling agent, and the coupling agent is a conventional coupling agent for connecting an ultrasonic transducer.
The wiring cavity comprises a wiring cavity cover and an explosion-proof hose interface, a lead of a coil winding of the ultrasonic transducer is led into the wiring cavity from the cooling liquid cavity through a hollow compression bolt, and the wiring cavity is connected with the ultrasonic generator through the explosion-proof hose interface.
The wiring cavity comprises a wiring cavity cover and an explosion-proof hose interface.
The electric desalting tanks are arranged in one or more than one and are arranged in series, parallel or series-parallel.
The pipeline type ultrasonic wave action mechanisms are arranged in one or more than one pipeline type ultrasonic wave action mechanisms, and the pipeline type ultrasonic wave action mechanisms are arranged in series, in parallel or in series and parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model can be used in the crude oil electric desalting industry of ultrasonic waves of oil refineries, realizes the automatic control of the output power of ultrasonic waves in the electric desalting process, and avoids the ultrasonic emulsification caused by the overlarge ultrasonic intensity;
the utility model discloses an automatic control process of ultrasonic wave in the electric desalting process, the control process has in linearity, follow-up nature, has simplified the operation, has saved operating cost, has realized that ultrasonic output changes along with crude oil property, the follow-up nature regulatory function of crude oil salt water content change, the output of regulation ultrasonic wave that can be timely reaches anticipated ultrasonic action effect;
the utility model realizes the demulsification effect of the oil-water emulsion in the electric desalting process by ultrasonic waves, so that the physical demulsification mode of the ultrasonic waves completely replaces the chemical demulsification mode of the chemical demulsifier, saves the production cost, reduces the environmental pollution caused by the chemical demulsifier remained in the electric desalting drainage, reduces the COD value of the electric desalting drainage and improves the quality of the electric desalting drainage;
the utility model realizes the effect of preventing the oil sludge in the electric desalting tank from silting by ultrasonic waves, reduces the frequency of backwashing operation, also saves the backwashing operation cost, reduces the sewage treatment cost and reduces the oil refining loss;
the utility model discloses a DCS concentrates the program control means advanced, and reasonable in process easily realizes, convenient and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure and ultrasonic propagation of a pipe type ultrasonic action mechanism in embodiment 2.
Figure 3 example 3 cooling liquid jacket assembly schematic.
Figure 4 example 3 cooling liquid jacket cooling liquid filling schematic.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line a-a in fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of embodiment 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of example 5.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an operation interface of the DCS centralized control unit in embodiment 6.
In the figure: 1. a material inlet; 2. a material outlet; 3. an ultrasonic transducer; 4. a coolant jacket; 5. electro-desalting and water injection; 6. a pipe-type ultrasonic action mechanism; 7. an explosion-proof cabinet; 8. a DCS centralized control unit; 9. removing the crude oil; 10. a primary winding of an electric desalting tank transformer; 11. an electric desalting tank; 12. a mixing valve; 13. a static mixer; 14. crude oil before stripping; 15. a large diameter straight tube section; 16. a small diameter straight tube section; 17. a transition inclined tube; 18. a coolant cavity housing; 19. a vibrator block; 20. an internally threaded bore; 21. compressing the sealing bolt; 22. a seal ring; 23. a coolant cavity; 24. a coil winding; 25. a magnetostrictive material; 26. a coolant fairing; 27. a coolant filling hole; 28. sealing rubber; 29. a wiring cavity; 30. fixing the bolt; 31. a sealing bolt, 32, a hollow hold-down bolt; 33. a wiring cavity cover; 34. an explosion-proof hose connector; 35. a coolant cavity cover plate; 36. cooling liquid; 37. a gas phase expansion space.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, ultrasonic wave automatic control device for electric desalting, including pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism 6, ultrasonic transducer 3, supersonic generator and the control unit, install pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism 6 on the pipeline after static mixer 13 and mixing valve 12 before the crude oil advances electric desalting jar 11, 6 both ends opening symmetry installation ultrasonic transducer 3 of pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism, ultrasonic transducer 3 passes through supersonic generator control, supersonic generator arranges in explosion-proof cabinet 7, supersonic generator and the control unit communication in the explosion-proof cabinet 7.
In the embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer 3 with a horn-shaped emitting surface is adopted, the emitting surfaces of the ultrasonic transducers 3 at the two ends of the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism 6 are oppositely arranged, the ultrasonic transducers 3 convert electric energy into mechanical energy of ultrasonic waves, the two ultrasonic transducers 3 arranged at the two ends of the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism 6 generate parallel correlation ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction and opposite propagation directions, the parallel correlation ultrasonic waves are reflected by the pipe wall of the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism to generate non-uniform pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves, a mixed action mode of the parallel correlation ultrasonic waves and the pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves is formed, and a standing wave field effect is easy to generate; in order to ensure the stable operation of the ultrasonic transducer 3, a cooling liquid jacket 4 is provided.
Injecting the crude oil into electric desalting water injection 5 before desalting, fully mixing the crude oil with a static mixer 13 and a mixing valve 12, desalting and dehydrating the crude oil in an electric desalting tank, controlling the output power of ultrasonic waves by a control unit according to the average current of the electric desalting tank, and controlling the average current of the electric desalting tank of the crude oil due to the property change of the crude oil and the salt and water content change of the crude oil, wherein the control unit adjusts the output power of the ultrasonic waves in real time according to the average current change of the electric desalting tank, and the control relation is P-a-bI, wherein P is the output power of the ultrasonic waves, I is the average current of the electric desalting tank, a is an adjustable constant, b is an adjustable coefficient, parameters a and b are calculated according to the end value of the optimal range of the output power of the ultrasonic waves and the corresponding end value of the average current of the electric desalting tank, for example, the optimal range of the output power of the ultrasonic waves is 120-300W, and the average current of the electric, when P is 120, I is 260; when P is 300 and I is 30, a linear equation of two is utilized:
120＝a-b*260 (3)
300＝a-b*30 (4)
and calculating a which is approximately equal to 323 and b which is approximately equal to 0.78 in the mathematical relational expression, adjusting the output power of the ultrasonic wave in real time by the control unit according to the mathematical relational expression of which P is 323-0.78I, selecting the DCS centralized control unit 8 by the control unit, and taking the average current value of the primary winding current of the transformer of the ultrasonic transducer by the average current of the electric desalting tank.
The change of the crude oil property means that the electrical conductivity of the crude oil processed by the oil refinery is different at different moments, and the current of the crude oil electric desalting tank is correspondingly changed; the change of the salt and water content of the crude oil means that the salt and water content properties of the crude oil processed by the oil refinery are different at different moments, and the average current of the crude oil electric desalting tank 11 is correspondingly changed.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, the structure of the pipeline type ultrasonic wave action mechanism 6 is refined, as shown in fig. 2, the pipeline type ultrasonic wave action mechanism 6 is set as a dumbbell-shaped pipeline with a thin middle part and two thick ends, the two ends of the dumbbell-shaped pipeline are respectively provided with the material inlet 1 and the material outlet 2, the dumbbell-shaped pipeline is of a symmetrical structure with the perpendicular bisector of the central axis thereof as the symmetry axis, the formed non-uniform pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves can continue to propagate along the material inlet and outlet pipelines through the material inlet 1 and the material outlet 2, and the action interval of the ultrasonic waves is extended.
The dumbbell type pipeline type ultrasonic wave generator comprises large-diameter straight pipe sections 15 at two ends and a small-diameter straight pipe section 16 in the middle, the large-diameter straight pipe sections 15 and the small-diameter straight pipe section 16 are connected through a transition inclined pipe 17, the diameter of the emitting surfaces of two ultrasonic transducers 3 is larger than that of the small-diameter straight pipe section 16, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers 3 can be reflected by the transition inclined pipe 17 to form non-uniform pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves, downstream ultrasonic waves and upstream ultrasonic waves reflected by the transition inclined pipe 17 are reflected, the propagation directions of the downstream ultrasonic waves and the upstream ultrasonic waves are repeatedly changed to form interwoven non-uniform pipeline reflection ultrasonic waves, the transmission directions of the parallel opposite emission ultrasonic waves are not consistent, and an ultrasonic wave action mode of mixing the uniform ultrasonic waves.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3-5, in the present embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer 3 is a magnetostrictive transducer, the cooling liquid jacket 4 is disposed corresponding to the magnetostrictive transducer, the cooling liquid jacket 4 includes a cooling liquid cavity 23 and a wiring cavity 29 connected by a fixing bolt 30, and the coil winding 24 of the ultrasonic transducer 3, the magnetostrictive material 25, and a part of the vibrator block 19 are located inside the cooling liquid cavity 23; the oscillator block 19 is arranged at one end of the cooling liquid cavity shell 18 through a compression sealing bolt 21 and a sealing ring 22, and the wiring cavity 29 is arranged on a cooling liquid cavity cover plate 35 at the other end of the cooling liquid cavity shell 18 through a fixing bolt 30; a porous cylindrical cooling liquid fairing 26 is arranged in the cooling liquid cavity 23, a cooling liquid filling hole 27 is arranged on a cooling liquid cavity cover plate 35, and 2 cooling liquid filling holes 27 are arranged.
The cooling liquid 36 is injected into the cooling liquid cavity 23 through the cooling liquid injection hole 27 of the cooling liquid cavity shell 18, after the cooling liquid 36 is injected, the cooling liquid injection hole 27 is sealed through the sealing rubber 28 and the sealing bolt 31, the coil winding 24 and the magnetostrictive material 25 are completely immersed in the cooling liquid 36, and most of the inner side wall of the vibrator block 19 of the ultrasonic transducer 3 is immersed in the cooling liquid 36; be provided with internal thread hole 20 on the oscillator piece 19, the internal thread hole 20 of oscillator piece 19 connects 3 transmitting end faces of ultrasonic transducer, 34 pin connections supersonic generator of coil winding of ultrasonic transducer 3, and ultrasonic transducer during operation, the cooling heat dissipation process is: the heat of the coil winding 24, the magnetostrictive material 25 and the vibrator block 19, the cooling liquid 36, the cooling liquid fairing 26 forced convection heat transfer, the cooling liquid cavity shell 18 heat dissipation and the air cooling heat dissipation are carried out, and the heat of the coil winding 24, the magnetostrictive material 25 and the vibrator block 19 is finally dissipated in the air, so that the cooling of the ultrasonic transducer 3 is realized.
The forced convection heat transfer of the cooling liquid fairing 26 refers to a process of strengthening the convection heat transfer generated by the flow of the cooling liquid 36 and the flow of the cooling liquid 36, wherein the cooling liquid 36 in the cold region and the cooling liquid 36 in the hot region exchange materials through the restriction and the limitation of the porous cylindrical cooling liquid fairing.
The cooling liquid cavity housing 18 and the cooling liquid cavity cover plate 35 are made of metal materials, preferably metal materials such as copper materials, aluminum materials, stainless steel materials, carbon steel materials and the like, and different materials are selected according to pressure-resistant requirements, equipment cost requirements and heat dissipation requirements in practical application; the cooling liquid fairing 26 is a barrel-shaped structure with a plurality of small holes arranged on the barrel wall, the cooling liquid fairing 26 is fixed on a cooling liquid cavity cover plate 35, then the cooling liquid cavity cover plate 35 is installed on the cooling liquid cavity shell 18 to form a sealed cooling liquid cavity 23, and the fixing and connecting mode can be a conventional fixed connecting mode.
The cooling liquid filled in the cooling liquid cavity 23 is one or a mixture of more than two of water, ethanol, propanol, glycol and glycerol, and the selection of the cooling liquid is to meet the requirements of fire and explosion prevention production fields; before filling, the cooling liquid needs to be heated to fully remove dissolved oxygen, so as to achieve the purposes of corrosion resistance and durability.
After the cooling liquid cavity 23 is filled with cooling liquid, 10-40% of the volume of the cooling liquid cavity 23 is reserved to be used as a gas-phase expansion space 37, the gas-phase expansion space 37 can be compressed when the cooling liquid expands, normal work of the cavity is guaranteed, the cooling liquid cavity 23 is in a positive pressure state when the cooling liquid works, the design of the whole cavity system meets the pressure-resistant requirement, and the design and factory inspection reach the design inspection standard of 100 ℃ and 2.0 MPa.
The oscillator block 119 is provided with a connecting thread connected with the horn-shaped ultrasonic transmitting end face, the oscillator block is connected with the horn-shaped ultrasonic transmitting end face through a lead screw, the end face is coupled by a coupling agent, the coupling agent is a conventional coupling agent for connecting the ultrasonic transducer 3, the wiring cavity 29 comprises a wiring cavity cover 33 and an explosion-proof hose connector 34, a lead of a coil winding 24 of the ultrasonic transducer 3 is led into the wiring cavity 29 from the cooling liquid cavity 23 through a hollow compression bolt 32, and the wiring cavity 29 is connected with an ultrasonic generator through the explosion-proof hose connector 34.
In the embodiment, the cooling liquid is adopted for heat transfer and cooling in a self-circulation mode, a complex circulating water cooling flow is replaced, water resources are saved, power consumption is saved, and the investment cost of public engineering for equipment installation is saved; the damage of the cooling effect caused by the blockage, corrosion leakage and congealing of the circulating water in the long-period production to the ultrasonic equipment is prevented, and the stable operation of the ultrasonic transducer 3 in the long period is ensured.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, the automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting described in embodiment 1 is applied to ultrasonic crude oil demulsification, as shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, four electric desalting tanks 11 are connected in parallel two by two and then connected in series, a section of pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism 6 is arranged on each electric desalting tank 11 of the two-stage series-parallel electric desalting tanks 11, in the crude oil demulsification production, in the figure 6, the electric desalting tanks I and II are first-stage electric desalting tanks, the electric desalting tanks III and IV are second-stage electric desalting tanks, in order to prevent the drawing from being too complicated, in fig. 6, only the connection between the iv electric desalting tank and the DCS central control unit 8 is shown, and similarly, only the pipeline type ultrasonic wave action mechanism 6 connected to the iv electric desalting tank is shown in connection with the explosion-proof cabinet 7, the other electric desalting tanks 11 and the pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism 6 are not shown to be connected with the DCS centralized control unit 8 and the explosion-proof cabinet 7.
The productive scale of a certain petrochemical refinery is 500 million tons/year, the Jidong crude oil in North China oil field is mainly processed, the water content of the crude oil entering the refinery is 2% -5% and exceeds the standard irregularly (the index of entering the refinery is less than 0.5%), the electric desalting production is unstable, the oil content of the drained water is high, the COD value of the drained water is high, the heavy dirty oil yield is high, the heavy dirty oil treatment becomes a production problem, the sewage treatment difficulty is high, and the production problem is difficult to solve for a long time. In 2017, in 5 months, a pipeline type ultrasonic action mechanism 6 was installed, and a control method of ultrasonic waves for electric desalting was performed.
In more than one year since the start of 5 months in 2017, the discharged water quality is observed to contain less oil sludge during the backwashing operation, and the backwashing operation is not generally carried out under normal conditions unless the electric desalting is impacted by the high-water-content crude oil, so that the operation cost of the device is saved, the production impact of a large amount of oil sludge carried out by the backwashing on a subsequent water treatment field is reduced, the stability of the electric desalting operation is greatly improved, and the impact resistance of the electric desalting on the high-water-content crude oil is also greatly improved.
The petrochemical refinery has small electric desalting tanks 11, and each electric desalting tank 11 has a volume of 200m
3Each electric desalting tank is provided with 3 transformers, the DCS centralized control unit 8 reads the current value of a primary winding 10 of the transformer of the electric desalting tank in the system, and calculates the average value of the current of the primary windings of the 3 transformers of each electric desalting tank 11 for controlling two ultrasonic wave generators of each electric desalting tank 11The ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic output of the ultrasonic transducer 3.
The sound intensity of the ultrasonic generator is controlled to be 0.1-0.3w/cm
219000 Hz; the output power of the ultrasonic wave is in the range of 120-300W.
According to the statistical comprehensive production condition, the primary winding current of the transformers of the two electric desalting tanks at the first stage is 260-30A; the primary winding current of the transformer of the two secondary electric desalting tanks is 200-20A.
Calculating the values a and b in a mathematical relation of P ═ a-bI according to the ultrasonic output power and the upper and lower end values of the average current of the electric desalting tank:
(1) first-stage measurement and calculation set constant a and coefficient b
When P is 120, I is 260; when P is 300, I is 30.
Then use the linear equation of two
120＝a-b*260 (5)
300＝a-b*30 (6)
And calculating a ≈ 323 and b ≈ 0.78 in the mathematical relation of the first-stage P ═ a-bI.
The 4 first-stage ultrasonic generators can adopt a mathematical relation formula of P323-0.78I. The constant a of the operation interface of the DCS centralized control unit 8 is set to be 323, the coefficient b is set to be 0.78, and automatic control operation can be carried out in one stage.
Assuming that the average value of the primary winding currents of the three transformers of the No. I electric desalting tank at a certain moment is 130A, the average value is automatically controlled by a DCS centralized control unit 8, P is 323-0.78, 130 is 221.6, and the output power of ultrasonic waves is 221.6W. Assuming that the average value of the primary winding currents of the three transformers of the No. II electric desalting tank at the same time is 140A, the three transformers are automatically controlled by the DCS centralized control unit 8, P is 323-0.78 x 140 is 213.8, and the output power of ultrasonic waves is 213.8W. Along with the change of the properties of the crude oil and the change of the salt and water content of the crude oil, the current of the electric desalting tank 11 is continuously changed, the DCS centralized control unit 8 automatically controls to realize continuous adjustability, the follow-up property is strong, and the labor is saved.
The equipment can realize manual/automatic switching through the DCS centralized control unit 8, and the ultrasonic power value is manually input in a manual state. Technicians or operators can set different ultrasonic output powers through remote manual operation of the DCS centralized control unit 8, and the optimal operation parameters, namely the optimal a and b values, can be optimized through experiments according to the electric desalting production effects of the electric desalting, the dewatering effect, the electric desalting drainage water quality condition and the amount of backwashing oil sludge.
(2) Setting constant a and coefficient b for two-stage measurement
When P is 120, I is 200; when P is 300, I is 20.
Then use the linear equation of two
120＝a-b*200 (7)
300＝a-b*20 (8)
The mathematical relation of the first grade P-a-bI is calculated, wherein a-320 and b-1.
The two-stage 4 ultrasonic generators all adopt a mathematical relation of P-320-I. The operation interface a of the DCS centralized control unit 8 is set to 320, the operation interface b is set to 1, and automatic control operation can be carried out in the second stage.
Assuming that the average value of the primary winding currents of the three transformers of the No. III electric desalting tank at the same moment is 110A, the average value is automatically controlled by the DCS centralized control unit 8, P is 320-. Similarly, assuming that the average value of the primary winding currents of the three transformers of the iv-type electric desalting tank at the same time is 90A, the average value is automatically controlled by the DCS central control unit 8, where P is 320-90 is 230, and the output power of 2 ultrasonic waves of the iv-type electric desalting tank is 230W. The secondary electric desalting is along with the change of the property of the crude oil and the change of the salt content and the water content of the crude oil, the current of the electric desalting tank 11 is continuously changed, the DCS centralized control unit 8 automatically controls to realize continuous adjustability, the follow-up property is strong, and the labor cost is saved.
Similarly, the two stages can be switched manually/automatically to manually input the ultrasonic power value. The technicians or operators can set different ultrasonic output powers through remote manual operation of the DCS centralized control unit 8, compare the desalting effect, the dewatering effect, the quality condition of the electric desalting drainage water and the electric desalting production effect of the amount of backwashing oil sludge, and test and optimize the optimal operation parameters, namely the optimal a and b values.
After the project is implemented, implement the utility model discloses an ultrasonic wave automatic control device for electric desalting is markd and is implemented the effect.
The quality of the total discharge water of the electric desalting shown in Table 1 was significantly improved as compared with that before the practice.
TABLE 1 Total drainage for electro-desalination
The crude oil after the electric desalting and the desalting shown in Table 2 contains salt, and compared with the crude oil before the electric desalting, the electric desalting has stable effect and stable production operation of the electric desalting, and the salt content of the crude oil reaches 3mg ∙ L required by the production
-1The following criteria apply.
TABLE 2 salts after electrodesalting
The water content of the crude oil after the electric desalting and dewatering shown in the table 3 is stable compared with the electric desalting and dewatering effect before the implementation, and the electric desalting production operation is stable, thereby meeting the index requirement of the production requirement that the water content after the electric desalting and dewatering is below 0.3 percent.
TABLE 3 Water content after electrodesalting
Factory calibration results: "average salt content after crude oil dehydration 2.3mg ∙ L
-1(index < 3mg ∙ L
-1) The average water content after the desalination is 0.18 percent (the index is less than 0.3 percent), and the oil content of the total drainage water of the electric desalination is reduced from more than 2000mg/L before the implementation to 124.4mg ∙ L on average
-1The total water discharge COD value is more than 2000mg ∙ L before implementation
-1Reduced to an average of 702mg ∙ L
-1And reduces the sewage treatment plantThe impact of (2). "
Through more than 1 year of operation investigation, the expected effect is achieved, and the production problem is solved.
Example 5:
in this example, the automatic control device for ultrasonic waves for electric desalting described in example 1 was used in an application test for preventing sludge fouling in an electric desalting tank in a petrochemical refinery. As shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, two electric desalting tanks 11 are connected in series in two stages, and each electric desalting tank 11 is connected to the pipe-type ultrasonic wave action mechanism 6 in parallel in 2 stages, respectively, to perform an industrial application test by using the control method of the ultrasonic wave for electric desalting.
The crude oil processing capacity of a petrochemical refinery is 500 ten thousand tons/year, the retention time of the originally designed electric desalting tank 11 is 45 minutes, and in order to improve the electric desalting operation effect, the volume of the secondarily modified electric desalting tank 11 reaches 785m
3Make dwell time increase to 85 minutes, increase nearly 1 times than original, the device carries out the ultrasonic wave and prevents that 11 fatlutes of electrical desalting jar from silting up the former production cycle of technological transformation, and 11 bottom oil sludge silting accumulations of electrical desalting jar are serious. The larger the electric desalting tank 11 is, the lower the linear velocity is, and mechanical impurities such as mud, sand, soil, oil-soluble salts and the like contained in the crude oil are easy to deposit at the bottom of the electric desalting tank 11, and the treatment for removing the oil sludge and the solid waste transfer each time are a big problem of the current environment-friendly work.
The sound intensity of the ultrasonic generator is 0.10-0.20w/cm
2Frequency 20000Hz, ultrasonic output power 180- & ltwbr & gt 280W.
The average value of the currents of the primary windings of the three transformers of the primary electric desalting tank ranges from 300A to 80A;
the average value of the currents of the primary windings of the three transformers of the secondary electric desalting tank ranges from 260A to 50A.
Calculating the values a and b in a mathematical relation of P ═ a-bI according to the ultrasonic output power and the upper and lower end values of the average current of the electric desalting tank:
(1) first-stage measurement and calculation set constant a and coefficient b
When P is 180, I is 300; when P is 280, I is 80.
Then use the linear equation of two
180＝a-b*300 (9)
280＝a-b*80 (10)
And calculating a ≈ 318 and b ≈ 0.46 in the mathematical relation of the first-stage P ═ a-bI.
The 4 first-stage ultrasonic generators all adopt a mathematical relation formula of P being 318-0.46I. The interface a of the DCS central control unit 8 is set to 318, and the interface b is set to 0.46. The automatic control operation can be carried out at the first stage.
Assuming that the average value of the primary winding currents of the three transformers of the primary electric desalting tank is 150A, the primary electric desalting tank is automatically controlled by the DCS centralized control unit 8, P is 318-0.46-150 is 249, and the output power of ultrasonic waves is 249W. Along with the change of the properties of the crude oil and the change of the salt content and the water content of the crude oil, the average current of the electric desalting tank continuously changes, the DCS centralized control unit 8 automatically controls and continuously adjusts, the follow-up property is strong, and the labor cost is saved.
The equipment can realize manual/automatic switching through the DCS centralized control unit 8, and the ultrasonic power value is manually input in a manual state. The technicians or operators can set different ultrasonic output powers through remote manual operation of the DCS centralized control unit 8, compare the desalting effect, the dewatering effect, the quality condition of the electric desalting drainage water and the electric desalting production effect of the amount of backwashing oil sludge, and test and optimize the optimal operation parameters, namely the optimal a and b values.
(2) Setting constant a and coefficient b for two-stage measurement
When P is 180, I is 260; when P is 280, I is 50.
Then use the linear equation of two
180＝a-b*260 (11)
280＝a-b*50 (12)
And calculating a ≈ 305 and b ≈ 0.48 in the mathematical relation of the first-stage P ═ a-bI.
The two-stage 4 ultrasonic generators all adopt a mathematical relation formula of P305-0.48I. The interface a of the DCS central control unit 8 is set to 305, and the interface b is set to 0.48. And the second stage can carry out automatic control operation.
Assuming that the average value of the primary winding currents of the three transformers of the secondary electric desalting tank is 120A, the secondary electric desalting tank is automatically controlled by the DCS centralized control unit 8, P is 305-0.48 × 120 is 247.4, and the output power of ultrasonic waves is 247.4W. Similarly, the average current of the electric desalting tank continuously changes along with the change of the properties of the crude oil and the change of the salt and water content of the crude oil, so that the DCS centralized control unit 8 automatically controls and continuously adjusts, the follow-up property is strong, and the labor cost is saved.
Similarly, the two stages can be switched between manual and automatic, and the ultrasonic power value is manually input in the manual state. The technicians or operators can set different ultrasonic output powers through remote manual operation of the DCS centralized control unit 8, compare the desalting effect, the dewatering effect, the quality condition of the electric desalting drainage water and the electric desalting production effect of the amount of backwashing oil sludge, and test and optimize the optimal operation parameters, namely the optimal a and b values.
The device is used for improving the previous production cycle, the primary tank is cleaned off-line in 2015 7 months, namely 154.2t of oil sludge is cleaned after 14 months of operation, the primary tank is cleaned on line in 2016 years 2 months and 6 months twice, the cleaned oil sludge is 63.14t and 103.9t respectively, the primary tank is cleaned off-line again in 2016 years 9 months, 164.94t of oil sludge is cleaned, the oil sludge is cleaned off-line in 2017 in a shutdown stage, 269.02t is cleaned off-line, 755.2t of oil sludge is accumulated in one operation cycle, and if the cost is 3000 yuan/t of solid waste transfer treatment, the cost can be saved by only one step of using ultrasonic waves 755.2 × 3000 ═ 226.6 (ten thousand yuan).
Before the implementation of the embodiment, solid impurities in the crude oil are easy to deposit at the bottom of the electro-desalting tank 11, and in view of the situation that more sludge is flushed out in each backwashing, the production has to arrange that backwashing is carried out for 1 time in 1 week averagely, the backwashing water amount is about 70t/h, each tank is backwashed for 30min, and the workload and the operation cost of production personnel are increased. The calibration is carried out in 3 months in 2018, the backwashing operation is carried out only once in the process of the electric desalting operation since the application of the embodiment for 8 months in 21 days in 7 months in 2017, and the tank bottom basically has no oil sludge deposition is judged from the observation of the drainage effect of the drainage guide; the embodiment can not only ensure the sufficient purification and removal of oil sludge and mechanical impurities in the crude oil after the desalting, but also extract oil components adsorbed by solid impurities in the electric desalting cut water to reach the oil phase, thereby improving the quality of the electric desalting cut water and solving the production problem of oil sludge siltation of the electric desalting tank 11. The electric desalting tank 11 is opened for investigation after 15 months of operation, the sludge sedimentation of the electric desalting tank 11 is slight, no desilting operation is needed, and the production problem of the sludge sedimentation of the electric desalting tank 11 is solved.
Example 6:
in this example, the automatic control device for ultrasonic waves for electric desalting described in example 1 was used for electric desalting in a petrochemical refinery.
As shown in fig. 8, the electric desalting tanks 11 are connected in series in two stages, and the electric desalting tanks 11 connected in series in two stages are connected to the pipe-type ultrasonic wave action mechanism 6 in parallel in 4 stages, respectively, to implement a control method of ultrasonic waves for electric desalting, and are industrially used.
In order to solve the production problems of high oil content of electric desalting drainage, high electric desalting current, unqualified desalted crude oil and the like caused by blending of high-acid inferior Dall crude oil, and simultaneously to expand the energy to 1300 ten thousand tons/year for 1000 ten thousand tons/year and also to replace the technical scheme of building a third-stage electric desalting tank, 2014.5 applies and implements the control method of the ultrasonic wave for electric desalting, the sound intensity of an ultrasonic wave generator is 0.50-5.00W/cm2, the frequency is 19500Hz, and the output power of the ultrasonic wave is 160-320W.
The average value of the currents of the primary windings of the three transformers of the primary electric desalting tank is 380-80A;
the average value of the currents of the primary windings of the three transformers of the secondary electric desalting tank ranges from 300A to 60A.
Calculating the values a and b in a mathematical relation of P ═ a-bI according to the ultrasonic output power and the upper and lower end values of the average current of the electric desalting tank:
(1) first-stage measurement and calculation set constant a and coefficient b
When P is 160, I is 380; when P is 320, I is 80.
Then use the linear equation of two
160＝a-b*380 (9)
320＝a-b*80 (10)
And (3) calculating a, b and 381 in the mathematical relation formula of the first grade P, a-bI and 0.53.
The 8 first-stage ultrasonic generators all adopt a mathematical relation formula of P381-0.53I. The DCS centralized control unit operation interface has a set to 381 and b set to 0.53. The automatic control operation can be carried out at the first stage.
Assuming that the average value of the primary winding currents of the three transformers of the primary electric desalting tank is 200A, the primary electric desalting tank is automatically controlled by the DCS centralized control unit 8, P is 381-0.53 x 200 is 275, and the output power of ultrasonic waves is 275W. Along with the change of the properties of the crude oil and the change of the salt content and the water content of the crude oil, the average current of the electric desalting tank continuously changes, the DCS centralized control unit 8 automatically controls and continuously adjusts, the follow-up property is strong, and the labor cost is saved.
The equipment can realize manual/automatic switching through the DCS centralized control unit 8, and the ultrasonic power value is manually input in a manual state. The technicians or operators can set different ultrasonic output powers through remote manual operation of the DCS centralized control unit 8, compare the desalting effect, the dewatering effect, the quality condition of the electric desalting drainage water and the electric desalting production effect of the amount of backwashing oil sludge, and test and optimize the optimal operation parameters, namely the optimal a and b values.
(2) Setting constant a and coefficient b for two-stage measurement
When P is 160, I is 300; when P is 320, I is 60.
Then use the linear equation of two
160＝a-b*300 (11)
320＝a-b*60 (12)
And (3) calculating a ≈ 361 and b ≈ 0.67 in the mathematical relation of the first-stage P ═ a-bI.
The two-stage 8 ultrasonic generators all adopt a mathematical relation formula of P305-0.48I. The DCS central control unit 8 operation interface is set to be 361 a and 0.67 b. And the second stage can carry out automatic control operation.
Assuming that the average value of primary currents of three transformers of the secondary electric desalting tank is 190A, the primary currents are automatically controlled by the DCS centralized control unit 8, P is 361-0.67, 190 is 233.7, and the output power of ultrasonic waves is 233.7W. In practical application, the calculated ultrasonic power and the actual ultrasonic power output by the DCS centralized control unit 8 always have some errors, which is a normal phenomenon. Similarly, the average current of the secondary electric desalting tank continuously changes along with the change of the properties of the crude oil and the change of the salt content and the water content of the crude oil, so that the DCS centralized control unit 8 automatically controls and continuously adjusts, the follow-up property is strong, and the labor cost is saved.
Likewise, the second stage may also implement manual/automatic switching. The technicians or operators can set different ultrasonic output powers through DCS remote manual operation, and the optimal operation parameters, namely the optimal a and b values, are optimized through experiments according to the electric desalting production effects of the desalting effect, the dewatering effect, the electric desalting drainage water quality condition and the amount of backwashing oil sludge of the electric desalting.
The implementation of the embodiment achieves an ideal expected effect, the quality of the discharged water is greatly improved, the stability of the electric desalting operation is greatly improved, the crude oil demulsifier for electric desalting is completely replaced, after the electric desalting operation is applied for 3 years, no obvious oil sludge is deposited at the bottom of an 2017.3 overhaul survey tank, and the problem of abnormal shutdown operation of cleaning the oil sludge at the bottom of the electric desalting tank 11 one year is completely solved.
The technical features of the present invention are not limited to the examples listed in the embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an ultrasonic wave automatic control device for electric desalting, characterized in that, including pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism (6), ultrasonic transducer (3), supersonic generator and the control unit, install pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism (6) on the pipeline behind static mixer (13) and mixing valve (12) before crude oil advances electric desalting jar (11), ultrasonic transducer (3) are installed to pipeline formula ultrasonic wave action mechanism (6) both ends opening symmetry, ultrasonic transducer (3) are controlled through supersonic generator, supersonic generator arranges in explosion-proof cabinet (7), supersonic generator and the control unit communication in explosion-proof cabinet (7).
2. The automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting according to claim 1, wherein ultrasonic transducers (3) having horn-shaped emitting surfaces are used, and the emitting surfaces of the ultrasonic transducers (3) at both ends of the pipe-type ultrasonic action mechanism (6) are arranged to face each other.
3. The ultrasonic automatic control device for electric desalting according to claim 1, wherein one or more electric desalting tanks (11) are provided, and a plurality of electric desalting tanks (11) are provided in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel.
4. The automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the tubular ultrasonic action mechanisms (6) are provided, and a plurality of the tubular ultrasonic action mechanisms (6) are provided in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel.
5. The automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting according to claim 1, wherein the tubular ultrasonic action mechanism (6) is a dumbbell-shaped tube with a thin middle and two thick ends, and a material inlet (1) and a material outlet (2) are respectively arranged at two ends of the dumbbell-shaped tube.
6. The automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting according to claim 5, wherein the dumbbell-shaped pipeline comprises a large-diameter straight pipe section (15) at both ends and a small-diameter straight pipe section (16) at the middle, and the large-diameter straight pipe section (15) and the small-diameter straight pipe section (16) are connected through a transition inclined pipe (17).
7. The automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting according to claim 1, wherein a magnetostrictive transducer is used as the ultrasonic transducer (3), and a cooling liquid jacket (4) is provided corresponding to the magnetostrictive transducer.
8. The automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalting according to claim 1, wherein the coolant jacket (4) comprises a coolant cavity (23) and a wiring cavity (29) connected by a fixing bolt (30), and the coil winding (24) of the ultrasonic transducer (3), the entirety of the magnetostrictive material (25) and a part of the vibrator block (19) are located inside the coolant cavity (23); the oscillator block (19) is arranged at one end of the cooling liquid cavity shell (18) through a compression sealing bolt (31) and a sealing ring (22), and the wiring cavity (29) is arranged on a cooling liquid cavity cover plate (35) at the other end of the cooling liquid cavity shell (18) through a fixing bolt (30); a porous cylindrical cooling liquid fairing (26) is arranged in the cooling liquid cavity (23), and a cooling liquid filling hole (27) is arranged on a cooling liquid cavity cover plate (35).
9. The ultrasonic automatic control device for electric desalting according to claim 8, wherein the lead wire of the coil winding (24) is passed from the cooling liquid chamber (23) to the wiring chamber (29) through a hollow hold-down bolt (32).
10. An automatic ultrasonic control device for electric desalination according to claim 8, characterized in that the wiring chamber (29) comprises a wiring chamber cover (33) and an explosion-proof hose connection port (34).
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