CN209979843U - Distance measuring instrument for mathematics - Google Patents
Distance measuring instrument for mathematics Download PDFInfo
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- CN209979843U CN209979843U CN201821801601.2U CN201821801601U CN209979843U CN 209979843 U CN209979843 U CN 209979843U CN 201821801601 U CN201821801601 U CN 201821801601U CN 209979843 U CN209979843 U CN 209979843U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a distancer for mathematics belongs to mathematics technical field. The ultrasonic receiving and processing device comprises a band-pass filter circuit and an amplifying circuit, the peripheral circuit comprises a power supply module, a temperature acquisition module, a serial communication module and a crystal oscillator circuit, and the pulse transformer drives the ultrasonic transducer to work. The utility model discloses a distancer for mathematics conveniently carries, and range finding range is wide, the precision is high, the interference killing feature is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a distancer for mathematics belongs to mathematics technical field.
Background
The distance measurement is widely applied in mathematics, and the common non-contact distance measurement means mainly comprises the following steps: laser, CCD vision sensor, millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic, etc. The laser ranging method has the advantages of high precision, fast calculation, large measuring range, extremely high requirement on measuring environment and less information contained in signals. The CCD vision sensor can acquire abundant peripheral environment contents, the distance measurement precision is high, the calculation amount is overlarge when distance characteristic quantities are extracted, the requirement on the performance of a signal processor is high, and the CCD vision sensor cannot normally work at night or when light is poor. The millimeter wave radar has a large range of distance measurement, has strong anti-interference capability, can normally work in extreme severe environments such as heavy rain, heavy fog, sand storm and the like, but has the limitation of the distance measurement precision by the wavelength, and has the advantages of common distance measurement precision and high equipment price. The ultrasonic ranging range is large, the ranging precision is high for medium and short distances, the data processing is simple, the real-time performance is strong, the price is low, the device can adapt to severe environment, and the device is widely applied to robot obstacle avoidance and automobile reversing collision avoidance
The ultrasonic ranging is widely applied to distance measurement and detection in various fields such as industrial production, intelligent cars, intelligent robots, automobile reversing radars and the like due to the advantages of high reliability, high cost performance and the like.
However, the existing ultrasonic distance measuring instrument has the defects of large volume, poor portability and narrow distance measuring range.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a distancer is used to mathematics, conveniently carries, and range finding range is wide, the precision is high, the interference killing feature is strong.
The utility model discloses an above-mentioned technical problem is solved to following technical means:
the utility model discloses a distancer is used to mathematics, it includes ultrasonic emission device, ultrasonic wave receiving processing apparatus, microcontroller and peripheral circuit, and ultrasonic emission device comprises pulse transformer, control circuit and ultrasonic transducer, and ultrasonic wave receiving processing apparatus comprises band-pass filter circuit and amplifier circuit, and peripheral circuit is by power module, temperature acquisition module, serial communication module and crystal oscillator circuit, pulse transformer drive ultrasonic transducer work, and ultrasonic emission device, ultrasonic wave receiving processing apparatus and peripheral circuit connect gradually, and microcontroller control ultrasonic emission device, ultrasonic wave receiving processing apparatus and peripheral circuit, control circuit control pulse transformer operation.
The pulse transformer is an EE19 type pulse transformer, the magnetic core of the pulse transformer is an EE basic ferrite magnetic core, the working frequency is 20 KHz-50 KHz, the rated output power is maximum 25W, and the working temperature is-40 ℃ to 125 ℃.
The control circuit is provided with an NTP18N06 high-speed switch and a grid current-limiting resistor, the maximum working voltage of the NTP18N06 high-speed switch is 60V, the maximum working current is 15A, the forward voltage drop during conduction is 1.1V, and the resistance is 76m omega.
The band-pass filter circuit is a multi-path negative feedback second-order active band-pass filter, an AD8310 type logarithmic amplifier is arranged on the amplifying circuit, the amplifying circuit comprises six amplifiers/amplitude limiters which are connected in series, the small signal gain of each amplifier/amplitude limiter is 14.3dB, the detection range is-91 dBV- +4dBV, the logarithmic slope is 25mV/dB, and the cut-off voltage is-108 dBV.
The ultrasonic transducer is a DYA-25-20C transceiving integrated ultrasonic transducer, the resonant frequency is 25KHz, the highest withstand voltage is 1500Vpp, the working temperature is-40-80 ℃, the sensitivity is 600Vpp-0.6m, and the echo amplitude is 300 mV.
The microcontroller adopts an STM32F407ZGT6 chip, and the microcontroller is provided with 192KB SRAM, 1024KB FLASH, 12 16-bit timers, 2 32-bit timers, 2 DMA controllers, 3 SPIs, 2 full-duplex I2S, 3 IICs, 6 serial ports, 2 USB, 2 CAN, 3 12-bit ADCs, 2 12-bit DACs, 1 RTC, 1 SDIO interface, 1 FSMC interface, 1 10/100M Ethernet MAC controller, 1 camera interface, 1 hardware random number generator and 112 general I/O ports.
The maximum conversion rate of the 3 12-bit ADCs is 2.4MHz, the maximum clock is 36MHz, and the maximum sampling frequency is 2.38 MHz.
The crystal oscillator circuit is externally connected with an 8M quartz crystal oscillator.
The serial port communication module is provided with a USB serial port, the USB serial port is provided with a CH340G chip, and a level converter is additionally arranged on the CH340G chip to provide RS232, RS485 and RS422 interfaces; the power module is a 24V power supply and comprises a 24V voltage stabilizing circuit, a 5V voltage stabilizing circuit and a 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit, the 24V voltage stabilizing circuit drives the ultrasonic transducer, the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit supplies power to the band-pass filter circuit and the amplifying circuit, the 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit supplies power to the microcontroller and the temperature acquisition module, the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit adopts an LM2596T5.0 switching voltage regulator, and the 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit adopts an LM1117-3.3 chip.
The temperature acquisition module adopts an MF58 glass bulb temperature measurement type NTC thermistor, the resistance tolerance is 1%, the zero-power resistance value at 25 ℃ is 5 kilo-ohm, the voltage resistance is 1500V/AC-1min, and the temperature measurement range is-40 ℃ to 250 ℃.
The microcontroller sends a PWM driving signal, the pulse transformer is controlled to be switched on and off through the control circuit, so that the ultrasonic transducer is driven to send ultrasonic waves with corresponding frequency, the ultrasonic waves are reflected by a barrier and received by the transducer and converted into electric signals, echo signals are conditioned through the filter circuit and the logarithmic amplification circuit and sent to the microcontroller for collection and storage, the microcontroller collects temperature signals and corrects sound velocity parameters, and finally distance calculation and display are completed by combining a corresponding algorithm.
The ultrasonic distance measuring system can emit ultrasonic waves with corresponding frequencies, has the capacity of receiving ultrasonic echoes and processing weak signals, and has the capacity of transmitting and receiving only by using one ultrasonic transducer.
The ultrasonic distance measuring system uses a high-performance microcontroller to realize the transmission of ultrasonic transducer driving signals, the acquisition, processing and storage of ultrasonic echo signals and the realization of a distance measuring algorithm.
The ultrasonic distance measurement system is powered by a 24V direct-current power supply and is provided with a power conditioning and boosting circuit, so that a high-power ultrasonic transducer can be driven, and the distance measurement range is widened.
The ultrasonic ranging system can realize real-time monitoring of the ranging environment temperature, correct the sound velocity parameters of the system and improve the ranging precision.
The ultrasonic ranging system has a serial port communication function, can realize data uploading, and is convenient for finishing ranging algorithm verification and system working performance debugging on an upper computer.
In the aspect of a hardware circuit, STM32F407ZGT6 is selected as a microcontroller, and a DYA-25-20C single-transmitting single-receiving ultrasonic transducer and a 24V power supply are used for supplying power; the ultrasonic transducer driving circuit uses a pulse transformer to boost driving voltage, and the ultrasonic signal conditioning part comprises a band-pass filtering module and a logarithmic amplification module. In addition, the circuit uses MF58 thermistor to measure the ambient temperature for assisting in correcting the sound velocity, and the serial port communication function of the circuit is responsible for data uploading and program downloading.
A pulse transformer. The pulse transformer is a wide-band transformer and is widely used in radar and transformation technologies; matching the load resistance with the characteristic impedance of the feeder line; the pulse voltage is raised or lowered. The pulse transformer adopted by the patent is a key device for realizing the driving of a high-power ultrasonic transducer by a small power supply. A control circuit. The control circuit is used for converting the PWM signal output by the microprocessor into 24V high-power PWM wave with the same frequency and inputting the PWM wave into the primary side of the pulse transformer for boosting.
STM32F407ZGT6 is a 32-bit MCU with high performance, low power consumption, low voltage and new kernel.
The utility model has the advantages that: the portable range finder has the advantages of convenient carrying, wide range of distance measurement, high precision and strong anti-interference capability.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the crystal oscillator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the serial communication module of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the ultrasonic transmitter of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the bandpass filter circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of the temperature acquisition module of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5: the distance measuring instrument for mathematics of this embodiment, it includes ultrasonic emission device 1, ultrasonic wave receiving processing apparatus 2, microcontroller 3 and peripheral circuit 4, ultrasonic emission device 1 comprises pulse transformer 5, control circuit 6 and ultrasonic transducer 12, and ultrasonic receiving processing apparatus 2 comprises band-pass filter circuit 7 and amplifier circuit 8, and peripheral circuit 4 comprises power module 9, temperature acquisition module 10, serial communication module 11 and crystal oscillator circuit 13, pulse transformer 5 drive ultrasonic transducer 12 work, and ultrasonic emission device 1, ultrasonic receiving processing apparatus 2 and peripheral circuit 4 connect gradually, and microcontroller 3 control ultrasonic emission device 1, ultrasonic wave receiving processing apparatus 2 and peripheral circuit 4, and control circuit 6 control pulse transformer 5 moves.
The pulse transformer 5 is an EE19 type pulse transformer, the magnetic core of the pulse transformer is an EE basic ferrite magnetic core, the working frequency is 20 KHz-50 KHz, the maximum rated output power is 25W, and the working temperature is-40 ℃ to 125 ℃.
The control circuit 6 is provided with an NTP18N06 high-speed switch and a grid current-limiting resistor, the maximum working voltage of the NTP18N06 high-speed switch is 60V, the maximum working current is 15A, the forward voltage drop during conduction is 1.1V, and the resistance is 76m omega.
The band-pass filter circuit 7 is a multi-path negative feedback second-order active band-pass filter, an AD8310 type logarithmic amplifier is arranged on the amplifying circuit 8 and comprises six amplifiers/amplitude limiters which are connected in series, the small signal gain of each amplifier/amplitude limiter is 14.3dB, the detection range is-91 dBV- +4dBV, the logarithmic slope is 25mV/dB, and the cut-off voltage is-108 dBV.
The ultrasonic transducer 12 is a DYA-25-20C transceiving integrated ultrasonic transducer, the resonant frequency is 25KHz, the highest withstand voltage is 1500Vpp, the working temperature is-40-80 ℃, the sensitivity is 600Vpp-0.6m, and the echo amplitude is 300 mV.
The microcontroller 3 employs an STM32F407ZGT6 chip having 192KB SRAM, 1024KB FLASH, 12 16-bit timers, 2 32-bit timers, 2 DMA controllers, 3 SPIs, 2 full-duplex I2S, 3 IICs, 6 serial ports, 2 USB, 2 CAN, 3 12-bit ADCs, 2 12-bit DACs, 1 RTC, 1 SDIO interface, 1 FSMC interface, 1 10/100M ethernet MAC controller, 1 camera interface, 1 hardware random number generator, and 112 general purpose I/O ports.
The maximum conversion rate of the 3 12-bit ADCs is 2.4MHz, the maximum clock is 36MHz, and the maximum sampling frequency is 2.38 MHz.
The crystal oscillator circuit 13 is externally connected with an 8M quartz crystal oscillator.
The serial port communication module 11 is provided with a USB serial port, the USB serial port is provided with a CH340G chip, and a level converter is additionally arranged on the CH340G chip to provide RS232, RS485 and RS422 interfaces; the power module 9 is a 24V power supply and comprises a 24V voltage stabilizing circuit, a 5V voltage stabilizing circuit and a 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit, the 24V voltage stabilizing circuit drives the ultrasonic transducer 12, the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit supplies power to the band-pass filter circuit 7 and the amplifying circuit 8, the 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit supplies power to the microcontroller 3 and the temperature acquisition module 10, the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit adopts an LM2596T5.0 switching voltage regulator, and the 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit adopts an LM1117-3.3 chip.
The temperature acquisition module 10 adopts an MF58 glass bulb temperature measurement type NTC thermistor, the tolerance of resistance is 1%, the zero-power resistance value at 25 ℃ is 5 kilo-ohm, the voltage resistance is 1500V/AC-1min, and the temperature measurement range is-40 ℃ to 250 ℃.
STM32F4 chip with powerful peripheral functions and high calculation capability is selected as a core controller
The DYA-25-20C receiving and transmitting integrated ultrasonic transducer sends and receives ultrasonic waves, an IEE19 type pulse transformer is selected to increase driving voltage, a 25KHz band-pass filter circuit and a logarithmic amplification circuit are designed to process ultrasonic echo signals, a USB serial port is selected for data uploading, and an MF58 temperature sensitive resistor measuring environment is selected for temperature compensation of sound velocity. The single-transmitting and single-receiving ultrasonic transducer is used for replacing a transmitting-receiving transducer, so that the equipment cost is reduced, and the portability of the equipment is improved. The pulse transformer is adopted to increase the driving voltage of the ultrasonic transducer, and the requirement of the distance measuring system on the power supply voltage is greatly reduced. The high-performance microcontroller chip is used for replacing an upper computer to complete data acquisition and distance calculation functions, and the portability of the equipment is greatly improved.
As shown in FIG. 6, the circuit is connected into a single power supply mode by using a single general operational amplifier, and the circuit is simple and easy to implement. The power pin of the single power supply operational amplifier is connected to a positive power supply and ground, the voltage obtained by dividing the positive voltage into half is used as a virtual ground and connected to the input pin of the operational amplifier through R4 and R5, the output voltage of the operational amplifier is also centered on the virtual ground, and C3 is a blocking capacitor and used for isolating the direct-current voltage between the virtual ground and the ground. The upper limit cut-off frequency and the lower limit cut-off frequency can be very close, and the frequency selectivity is very strong.
The amplifying circuit 8 is provided with an AD8310 type logarithmic amplifier, and the AD8310 is a logarithmic amplifier which is produced by AD company and has high-speed voltage output and demodulation frequency range of DC-440 MHz. It contains six amplifiers/limiters connected in series, the small signal gain of each amplifier/limiter is 14.3dB, it uses 9 detectors altogether, the detection range is from-91 dBV- +4dBV (the amplitude of the sine wave with 1V RMS is defined as 0dB), namely + -40 muV- + -2.2V, the logarithmic slope is 25mV/dB, and the cut-off voltage is-108 dBV. The AD8310 integrates the advantages of low cost, small volume, low power consumption, high precision, high stability, wide dynamic range and the like, and the frequency range of the AD8310 can be from audio frequency to ultrahigh frequency. In addition, the method has the characteristics of short response time, strong load driving capability and the like.
As shown in figure 7, the temperature measuring NTC thermistor with MF58 glass bulb has resistance tolerance of 1%, zero power resistance of 5 kilo-ohm at 25 deg.C, withstand voltage of 1500V/AC-1min, temperature measuring range of-40 deg.C-250 deg.C, and highest temperature measuring precision near 25 deg.C. MF58 is connected in series with high-precision resistor R62, and the microcontroller collects the voltage at two ends of MF58, calculates the current resistor MF58 according to the voltage division principle, and converts the current resistor MF58 into a temperature value. R46 and R51 in the circuit are current limiting resistors and are used for protecting the microcontroller.
As shown in fig. 8, the process includes: the method comprises the steps that a driving signal of an ultrasonic transducer is sent, a hardware circuit finishes the amplification of the voltage and the power of the driving signal, a PWM pulse signal needs to be sent at a system software end, and the frequency of a sending pulse is determined to be 25KHz according to the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducer; acquiring an ultrasonic signal and temperature, wherein the system needs to acquire the signal received by an ultrasonic transducer within a fixed time period and the ambient temperature before calculating the distance and store the signal and the ambient temperature in an RAM (random access memory), and an acquisition method needs to be determined according to the characteristics of the ultrasonic transducer and a temperature sensor; data transmission, namely uploading the acquired ultrasonic echo signals to a computer by a microcontroller when a ranging algorithm is subjected to simulation debugging; and (6) signal processing. And calculating the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave according to the measured field temperature, calculating the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave by using a debugged optimized distance measurement algorithm, and calculating the distance of the obstacle by integrating the speed of the sound wave and the propagation time.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be modified or replaced by other means without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which should be construed as limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A distance measuring instrument for mathematics is characterized in that: comprises an ultrasonic transmitting device (1), an ultrasonic receiving and processing device (2), a microcontroller (3) and a peripheral circuit (4), wherein the ultrasonic transmitting device (1) consists of a pulse transformer (5), a control circuit (6) and an ultrasonic transducer (12), the ultrasonic receiving and processing device (2) consists of a band-pass filter circuit (7) and an amplifying circuit (8), the peripheral circuit (4) consists of a power module (9), a temperature acquisition module (10), a serial communication module (11) and a crystal oscillator circuit (13), the pulse transformer (5) drives the ultrasonic transducer (12) to work, the ultrasonic transmitting device (1), the ultrasonic receiving and processing device (2) and the peripheral circuit (4) are sequentially connected, the microcontroller (3) controls the ultrasonic transmitting device (1), the ultrasonic receiving and processing device (2) and the peripheral circuit (4), the control circuit (6) controls the pulse transformer (5) to operate.
2. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pulse transformer (5) is an EE19 type pulse transformer, the magnetic core of the pulse transformer is an EE basic type ferrite magnetic core, the working frequency is 20 KHz-50 KHz, the maximum rated output power is 25W, and the working temperature is-40 ℃ to 125 ℃.
3. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control circuit (6) is provided with an NTP18N06 high-speed switch and a grid current-limiting resistor, the maximum working voltage of the NTP18N06 high-speed switch is 60V, the maximum working current is 15A, the forward voltage drop during conduction is 1.1V, and the resistance is 76m omega.
4. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the band-pass filter circuit (7) is a multi-path negative feedback second-order active band-pass filter, an AD8310 type logarithmic amplifier is arranged on the amplifying circuit (8) and comprises six amplifiers/amplitude limiters which are connected in series, the small signal gain of each amplifier/amplitude limiter is 14.3dB, the detection range is-91 dBV- +4dBV, the logarithmic slope is 25mV/dB, and the cut-off voltage is-108 dBV.
5. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic transducer (12) is a DYA-25-20C transceiving integrated ultrasonic transducer, the resonant frequency is 25KHz, the highest withstand voltage is 1500Vpp, the working temperature is-40-80 ℃, the sensitivity is 600Vpp-0.6m, and the echo amplitude is 300 mV.
6. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microcontroller (3) adopts an STM32F407ZGT6 chip, which has 192KB SRAM, 1024KB FLASH, 12 16-bit timers, 2 32-bit timers, 2 DMA controllers, 3 SPIs, 2 full-duplex I2S, 3 IICs, 6 serial ports, 2 USB, 2 CAN, 3 12-bit ADCs, 2 12-bit DACs, 1 RTC, 1 SDIO interface, 1 FSMC interface, 1 10/100M Ethernet MAC controller, 1 camera interface, 1 hardware random number generator and 112 general I/O ports.
7. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the maximum conversion rate of the 3 12-bit ADCs is 2.4MHz, the maximum clock is 36MHz, and the maximum sampling frequency is 2.38 MHz.
8. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the crystal oscillator circuit (13) is externally connected with an 8M quartz crystal oscillator.
9. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the serial port communication module (11) is provided with a USB serial port, the USB serial port is provided with a CH340G chip, and a level converter is additionally arranged on the CH340G chip to provide RS232, RS485 and RS422 interfaces; the power module (9) is a 24V power supply and comprises a 24V voltage stabilizing circuit, a 5V voltage stabilizing circuit and a 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit, the 24V voltage stabilizing circuit drives the ultrasonic transducer (12), the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit supplies power to the band-pass filter circuit (7) and the amplifying circuit (8), the 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit supplies power to the microcontroller (3) and the temperature acquisition module (10), the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit adopts an LM2596T5.0 switch voltage regulator, and the 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit adopts an LM1117-3.3 chip.
10. A mathematical rangefinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature acquisition module (10) adopts an MF58 glass bulb temperature measurement type NTC thermistor, the tolerance of resistance is 1%, the zero-power resistance value at 25 ℃ is 5 kilo-ohm, the voltage resistance is 1500V/AC-1min, and the temperature measurement range is-40 ℃ to 250 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821801601.2U CN209979843U (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2018-11-02 | Distance measuring instrument for mathematics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821801601.2U CN209979843U (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2018-11-02 | Distance measuring instrument for mathematics |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209979843U true CN209979843U (en) | 2020-01-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201821801601.2U Expired - Fee Related CN209979843U (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2018-11-02 | Distance measuring instrument for mathematics |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113093196A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-09 | 信阳师范学院 | Transmit-receive integrated ultrasonic precise range finder and range finding method |
| CN118032092A (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-05-14 | 珠海上富电技股份有限公司 | Underwater ranging sensor and automobile wading early warning method based on same |
-
2018
- 2018-11-02 CN CN201821801601.2U patent/CN209979843U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113093196A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-09 | 信阳师范学院 | Transmit-receive integrated ultrasonic precise range finder and range finding method |
| CN118032092A (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-05-14 | 珠海上富电技股份有限公司 | Underwater ranging sensor and automobile wading early warning method based on same |
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