CN209946143U - Soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device - Google Patents
Soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN209946143U CN209946143U CN201920223677.XU CN201920223677U CN209946143U CN 209946143 U CN209946143 U CN 209946143U CN 201920223677 U CN201920223677 U CN 201920223677U CN 209946143 U CN209946143 U CN 209946143U
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Abstract
An integrated experimental device for runoff and leaching of a soil box belongs to the field of soil nutrient migration research. The device includes from the top down swing joint's water-locator, lifter and soil box in proper order, the soil box includes that the soil body loads the case, drenches solution department of keeping in, drenches solution discharge port, runoff liquid discharge port and foraminiferous bottom plate, the soil body loads the case and corresponds the connection from top to bottom by two at least inside cavitys, both ends open-ended cavities and constitutes, foraminiferous bottom plate swing joint is in the soil body and loads the bottom half, the department swing joint in foraminiferous bottom plate is kept in to the leachate discharge port, the department bottom is kept in to the leachate is located to the runoff liquid discharge port, the soil body is located the runoff liquid discharge port and is loaded the roof portion, the lifter. The device can simultaneously carry out nutrient runoff and leaching simulation experiments of soil, and more truly reflect the migration rule of nutrients in the soil and the holding performance of the soil to the nutrients.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to soil nutrient migration research field, concretely relates to soil box runoff and leaching integrative experimental apparatus.
Background
Soil is the basic condition for agricultural development, and soil nutrients are the key to crop growth and yield. The research on the migration change of nutrients in soil has important significance for understanding the soil fertility characteristics and guiding agricultural production.
The migration change of soil nutrients is inseparable from the water movement. The water in the soil originates to a large extent from precipitation. Precipitation can cause runoff loss of soil surface nutrients and leaching loss caused by downward leaching to a certain extent. The degree of soil nutrient loss caused by rainfall is related to the nutrient holding performance of soil, so that the research on understanding the soil fertility preservation performance by simulating the influence of the rainfall process on nutrient migration is more. Due to the complexity of soil and the limitations of research means, most of the current research on the migration of soil nutrients along with water focuses on leaching loss (xuren kou, 2007; Liuli, 2007; xuhua Dun, 2011). A small percentage of studies on horizontal runoff losses have also recently been made (horseshoe, 2010). However, in the field, the runoff caused by precipitation usually leaks along with the water, and similarly, horizontal runoff cannot be avoided while the water is transported downwards, and the soil runoff loss and leaching loss caused by precipitation are accompanied. The independent research of dividing the soil nutrient migration rule into runoff and leaching is difficult to reflect the real rule in nature. Therefore, the research and design of the soil runoff-leaching integrated device are more necessary, technical support can be provided for more accurately researching the migration rule of soil nutrients, and the device has important significance for guiding agricultural production and fertilization.
The application number is 2016214573145's chinese patent application discloses an dystopy simulation earth pillar eluviation device is gathered to normal position soil, the device includes the water feeder, the peristaltic pump, the rainfall sieve, the earth pillar bucket, the base lid, there is the stopper of hole, no stopper of hole, pipe and water collector, the peristaltic pump both ends are passed through the hose and are linked to each other with water feeder and rainfall sieve respectively, the rainfall sieve is arranged in the top of earth pillar bucket, the base lid is arranged in the below of earth pillar bucket and can closely cover with the earth pillar bucket, the center of base lid is provided with the leakage orifice, be provided with a plurality of not high runoff mouths on the lateral wall of earth pillar bucket, there is the stopper of hole and no stopper of hole and suits with leakage orifice or each runoff mouth size, the leakage orifice links to each other with the water collector after the pipe is connected through the stopper of hole, the runoff mouth links to each other with each water collector after connecting the pipe through the stopper of. The device can be used for easily calculating the amount of runoff liquid or seepage liquid in unit time and unit area, carrying out soil column simulation in batches by in-situ soil collection ectopic without damaging the soil structure, and meanwhile, collecting the in-situ soil collection ectopic simulation soil column eluviation device of the soil runoff liquid and the seepage liquid. However, the rainfall in the natural environment is strong or weak, and the soil leaching solutions at different depths are different, so that the device cannot accurately reflect the migration rule of nutrients in the soil and the holding performance of the soil to the nutrients.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: not enough to current device, the utility model provides an integrative experimental apparatus of soil box runoff and eluviation can accurately reflect the migration law of nutrient in the soil and the fixing performance of soil to the nutrient.
The technical scheme is as follows: soil runoff and the integrative experimental apparatus of eluviation, soil runoff and the integrative experimental apparatus of eluviation include from the top down swing joint's water-locator, lifter and soil box in proper order, the soil box includes that the soil body loads the case, the eluviation department of keeping in, the eluviation discharge port, runoff liquid discharge port and foraminiferous bottom plate, the soil body loads the case and corresponds the connection from top to bottom by two at least inside cavitys, both ends open-ended cavity and constitutes, foraminiferous bottom plate swing joint loads the bottom half in the soil body, the department swing joint is kept in to the eluviation is in foraminiferous bottom plate bottom, the department bottom is kept in to the leachate discharge port is located to the leachate, runoff liquid discharge port is located the soil body and is loaded the roof.
Preferably, the lifting rod is of a two-section structure, the upper half section of the lifting rod is inserted into the lower half section, the bottom end of the upper half section is provided with a telescopic bulge, the lower half section is provided with evenly distributed holes corresponding to the telescopic bulge, and two ends of the lifting rod are respectively connected with the water distributor and the soil box pull-plug type interface.
Preferably, the two ends of the lifting rod are provided with threads, the bottom end of the water distributor is provided with threads corresponding to one end of the lifting rod, and the top end of the soil box is provided with threads corresponding to the other end of the lifting rod.
Preferably, the lifting rod is a hollow sleeve, the bottom end of the lifting rod is connected with the plug-in interface of the soil box, the top of the lifting rod is of a threaded structure and is provided with a cross opening, a screwing nut is sleeved on the outer side of the lifting rod, an insertion pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the water distributor, and the insertion pipe is inserted into the sleeve.
Preferably, the lifting rod is provided with scales.
Preferably, the bottom of the water distributor is provided with a bubble level meter.
Preferably, the soil box further comprises a runoff liquid collector support, and the runoff liquid collector support is arranged on the outer side of the soil body filling box and at the bottom of the runoff liquid discharge port.
Preferably, the soil box further comprises a soil filling line, and the soil filling line is arranged outside the soil filling box and is horizontal to the runoff liquid outlet.
Preferably, the soil box further comprises a soil box support frame, and the soil box support frame is arranged at the bottom of the soil body filling box and at the outer side of the temporary storage position of the leaching solution.
Has the advantages that: 1. the soil body in the soil body filling box can be filled with corresponding soil body thickness according to the soil plough layer thickness of the soil sampling point, so that runoff and leaching simulation experiments of most farmland plough layer soil nutrients in China can be carried out;
2. the height of the lifting rod can be adjusted within the range of 5-45cm, so that the height of the water distributor can be adjusted within the range of 10-50 cm, and the rainfall intensity or the erosion intensity of rainfall on surface soil can be simulated to a certain extent;
3. scales are arranged on the lifting rod, and the distance between the water distributor and the soil box is read through the scales on the lifting rod;
4. the bottom of the water distributor is provided with a bubble level meter, more than one lifting rod is arranged for balancing, and when the heights of the two lifting rods are adjusted simultaneously, whether the water distributor is horizontal or not can be measured through the bubble level meter.
5. The soil box is provided with a leaching solution outlet and a runoff solution outlet, so that nutrient runoff and leaching simulation experiments of soil can be performed simultaneously, and the migration rule of nutrients in the soil and the holding performance of the soil to the nutrients can be reflected more truly.
6. And a soil body filling line is arranged on the outer side of the soil box and used for reminding the soil body filling position.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the soil box structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the lift pins in embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the construction of a lifter in embodiment 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection between the lifter and the water distributor in example 3.
The numerical designations in the drawings represent the following: 1. a water distributor; 2. a lifting rod; 3. a soil box; 4. filling a soil body filling box; 5. temporarily storing the leaching solution; 6. a leaching solution outlet; 7. a soil body filling line; 8. a runoff liquid discharge port; 9. a runoff liquid collector holder; 10. a bottom plate with holes; 11. soil box support frame.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Soil runoff and eluviation integrative experimental apparatus refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2, soil runoff and the integrative experimental apparatus of eluviation include water-locator 1, lifter 2 and soil box 3 from the top down swing joint in proper order. The water distributor 1 comprises a shower nozzle and a rainwater simulation box, the shower nozzle is rectangular, the rainwater simulation box is a container with uniform small holes at the bottom, and the container is formed by a square frame made of PVC materials, and the shower nozzle is arranged above the rainwater simulation box. The lifting rod 2 is used for adjusting the distance between the water distributor 1 and the soil box 3 and simulating the impact strength of raindrops on the ground surface, and the adjusting height of the lifting rod 2 is 5-45cm in the embodiment. Referring to fig. 3, the lifting rod 2 is a two-section structure, the upper half section of the lifting rod 2 is inserted into the lower half section, the bottom end of the upper half section is provided with a telescopic protrusion, the lower half section is provided with evenly distributed holes corresponding to the telescopic protrusion, and two ends of the lifting rod 2 are respectively connected with the water distributor 1 and the soil box 3 through pull-plug type interfaces. The soil box 3 comprises a soil body filling box 4, a temporary storage place 5 for the leaching solution, a leaching solution discharge port 6, a runoff liquid discharge port 8 and a perforated bottom plate 10, the soil body filling box 4 is formed by connecting at least two hollow cavities with two open ends up and down correspondingly, each cavity is 10 cm high, the number of the cavities can be selected according to experiment needs, 5 cavities are arranged in the soil body filling box in the embodiment, the runoff and leaching simulation experiment of plough layer soil of most farmlands in China can be met, the perforated bottom plate 10 is movably connected to the bottom end of the soil body filling box 4, the temporary storage place 5 is movably connected to the bottom of the perforated bottom plate 10, the runoff liquid discharge port 6 is arranged at the bottom of the temporary storage place 5, the runoff liquid discharge port 8 is arranged at the position, close to the top end 10 cm, of the soil body filling box 4, and the lifting.
The device using method comprises the following steps: filling soil to be detected into a soil body filling box 4, inserting a lifting rod 2 into the top of the soil body filling box 4, adjusting the height between the top end of the lifting rod 2 and the top of the soil body filling box 4, inserting a water distributor 1 into the top end of the lifting rod 2, opening a switch of the water distributor 1, starting rainfall simulation, enabling a leaching solution to flow into a temporary storage position 5 of the leaching solution from the top of the soil body filling box 4 through a perforated bottom plate 10, obtaining the leaching solution through a leaching solution discharge port 6, performing a leaching simulation experiment, enabling runoff liquid to flow out from a runoff liquid discharge port 8 at the top of the soil body filling box, and further performing a runoff simulation experiment.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that, referring to fig. 4, two ends of the lifting rod 2 are provided with threads, the bottom end of the water distributor 1 is provided with threads corresponding to one end of the lifting rod 2, and the top end of the soil box 3 is provided with threads corresponding to the other end of the lifting rod 2.
The device using method comprises the following steps: filling soil to be detected into a soil body filling box 4, then connecting one end of a lifting rod 2 with a water distributor 1, connecting the other end of the lifting rod with the top end of a soil box 3, adjusting the distance between the water distributor 1 and the soil box 3 by rotating the lifting rod 2, opening a switch of the water distributor 1 after adjusting the distance, starting rainfall simulation, enabling a leaching solution to flow into a temporary storage position 5 of the leaching solution from the top of the soil body filling box 4 through a bottom plate 10 with holes, obtaining the leaching solution through a leaching solution discharge port 6, performing a leaching simulation experiment, and enabling runoff liquid to flow out from a runoff liquid discharge port 8 at the top of the soil body filling box, so as to perform the simulation experiment.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 5 is that the lifting rod 2 is a hollow sleeve, the bottom end of the lifting rod 2 is connected with the plug-in interface of the soil box 3, the top of the lifting rod 2 is a threaded structure and has a cross-shaped opening, a screwing nut is sleeved on the outer side of the lifting rod, and an insertion pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the water distributor 1 and inserted into the sleeve.
The device using method comprises the following steps: filling soil to be detected into a soil body filling box 4, connecting the top end of a soil box 3 at one end of a lifting rod 2, inserting an insertion pipe at the bottom end of a water distributor 1 into a sleeve pipe at the top end of the lifting rod 2, adjusting the distance between the water distributor 1 and the soil box 3, screwing a screwing nut, opening a switch of the water distributor 1, starting rainfall simulation, enabling a leaching solution to flow into a leaching solution temporary storage part 5 from the top of the soil body filling box 4 through a perforated bottom plate 10, obtaining the leaching solution through a leaching solution discharge port 6, performing a leaching simulation experiment, enabling runoff liquid to flow out from a runoff liquid discharge port 8 at the top of the soil body filling box, and further performing a runoff simulation experiment.
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the lifting rod 2 is provided with scales, and the distance between the water distributor 1 and the soil box 3 is read through the scales on the lifting rod 2. The bottom of the water distributor 1 is provided with a bubble level meter, more than one lifting rod 2 is arranged for balancing, and when the heights of the two lifting rods are adjusted simultaneously, whether the water distributor 1 is horizontal or not can be measured through the bubble level meter. The soil box 3 further comprises a runoff liquid collector support 9, and the runoff liquid collector support 9 is arranged on the outer side of the soil body filling box 4 and at the bottom of the runoff liquid discharge port 8 and used for placing the runoff liquid collector. The soil box 3 further comprises a soil body filling line 7, wherein the soil body filling line 7 is arranged on the outer side of the soil body filling box 4 and is horizontal to the runoff liquid outlet 8 for reminding the soil body filling position. The soil box 3 further comprises a soil box support frame 11, wherein the soil box support frame 11 is arranged at the bottom of the soil body filling box 4 and at the outer side of the temporary storage position 5 of the leaching solution and is used for supporting the soil body filling box 4.
Claims (9)
1. The soil box runoff and eluviation integrated experimental device is characterized by comprising a water distributor (1), a lifting rod (2) and a soil box (3) which are sequentially and movably connected from top to bottom, wherein the soil box (3) comprises a soil body filling box (4), a eluviation temporary storage part (5), a eluviation discharge port (6), a runoff liquid discharge port (8) and a perforated bottom plate (10), the soil body filling box (4) is formed by connecting at least two cavities which are hollow inside and open at two ends up and down correspondingly, the perforated bottom plate (10) is movably connected to the bottom end of the soil body filling box (4), the eluviation temporary storage part (5) is movably connected to the bottom of the perforated bottom plate (10), the leachate discharge port (6) is arranged at the bottom of the eluviation temporary storage part (5), and the runoff liquid discharge port (8) is arranged at the top of the soil body filling box (4), the lifting rod (2) is arranged at the top end of the soil body filling box (4).
2. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the lifting rod (2) is of a two-section structure, the upper half section of the lifting rod (2) is inserted into the lower half section, the bottom end of the upper half section is provided with a telescopic protrusion, the lower half section is provided with uniformly distributed holes corresponding to the telescopic protrusion, and two ends of the lifting rod (2) are respectively connected with the water distributor (1) and the soil box (3) through pull-plug type interfaces.
3. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein threads are arranged at two ends of the lifting rod (2), threads corresponding to one end of the lifting rod (2) are arranged at the bottom end of the water distributor (1), and threads corresponding to the other end of the lifting rod (2) are arranged at the top end of the soil box (3).
4. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the lifting rod (2) is a hollow sleeve pipe, the bottom end of the lifting rod (2) is connected with the plug-in interface of the soil box (3), the top of the lifting rod (2) is of a threaded structure and is provided with a cross opening, a screwing nut is sleeved on the outer side of the lifting rod, and an insertion pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the water distributor (1) and inserted into the sleeve pipe.
5. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein scales are arranged on the lifting rod (2).
6. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein a bubble level meter is arranged at the bottom of the water distributor (1).
7. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the soil box (3) further comprises a runoff liquid collector support (9), and the runoff liquid collector support (9) is arranged at the outer side of the soil body filling box (4) and at the bottom of the runoff liquid discharge port (8).
8. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the soil box (3) further comprises a soil filling line (7), and the soil filling line (7) is arranged outside the soil filling box (4) and is horizontal to the runoff liquid outlet (8).
9. The soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the soil box (3) further comprises a soil box support frame (11), and the soil box support frame (11) is arranged at the bottom of the soil body filling box (4) and outside the temporary leaching solution storage place (5).
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| CN201920223677.XU CN209946143U (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device |
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| CN201920223677.XU CN209946143U (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Soil box runoff and leaching integrated experimental device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113376071A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Device for collecting undisturbed soil column leaching solution and surface runoff experiment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113376071A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Device for collecting undisturbed soil column leaching solution and surface runoff experiment |
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