CN209932781U - Flat PET molecular image tomography system of translation - Google Patents

Flat PET molecular image tomography system of translation Download PDF

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CN209932781U
CN209932781U CN201920162556.9U CN201920162556U CN209932781U CN 209932781 U CN209932781 U CN 209932781U CN 201920162556 U CN201920162556 U CN 201920162556U CN 209932781 U CN209932781 U CN 209932781U
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韩立
熊先华
刘力
刘伟
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BEIJING RUIKANG TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a dull and stereotyped PET molecular image tomography system of translation. The utility model adopts a pair of flat panel detectors connected to a translation motor, the translation motor can drive the pair of flat panel detectors to do horizontal dislocation linear translation motion along opposite directions respectively; acquiring more continuous projection data of allowable sampling angles by using a flat panel detector with a limited area, wherein the sampling coverage angle is preferably larger than 90 degrees, so that a PET (positron emission tomography) reconstruction image is obtained through limited angle reconstruction; the utility model does not need the rotation function of the traditional C-shaped arm, abandons the complex rotation motion mechanism with high price and difficult precision guarantee, adopts the translation motor with low price and higher precision, and leads the continuous acquisition angle of the flat panel detector to cover more than or equal to 90 degrees through horizontal translation dislocation sampling, and obtains the 3D molecular image information of the imaging sample with high image quality through finite angle reconstruction; the translation precision is high, the translation motion positioning precision reaches <0.5mm, and the angle precision can reach 0.1 degree.

Description

Flat PET molecular image tomography system of translation
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a medical treatment technical field, concretely relates to dull and stereotyped PET molecular image tomography system of translation.
Background
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a non-invasive molecular medical imaging technique that can non-invasively, quantitatively, and dynamically reflect metabolism, biochemical reactions, functional activities, and perfusion levels in vivo. Because the glucose metabolism of malignant tumor cells is much higher than that of normal tissue cells, PET is widely used for imaging and diagnosing malignant tumors in clinic. With the development of science and technology, tumors become the biggest threat to human life. Surgery is one of the oldest and most effective methods of treating tumors. Tumors are generally located in the body and therefore have great significance for tumor localization before and during surgery.
With the continuous and deep application of PET, the cognition and acceptance of clinical diagnosis and basic research on PET instruments are gradually improved, new requirements on the performance and functions of the PET instruments are provided, researchers of the PET instruments are promoted to develop new methods and technologies, and the extensive application of the instruments is promoted from multiple links such as system design, hardware devices and image reconstruction. From the perspective of system design, researchers have proposed various configurations of PET imaging systems. Among them, the PET imaging system using a pair of flat panel detectors has been paid attention to by researchers because of its simple structure, easy realization of high cost performance in engineering, and its openness and adjustability. Particularly, a Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is adopted recently to replace the traditional photoelectric vacuum multiplier, so that the size and weight of the flat-plate PET detector are greatly reduced, and the convenience and practicability of the flat-plate PET detector are more remarkable.
Unlike the conventional PET using ring detectors, the flat panel PET uses only one pair of flat panel detectors to form the whole system. The open adjustable flat PET can be used for guiding the stereotactic biopsy in real time, so that the accuracy of biopsy sampling is improved; in the surgical resection operation or real-time guide radiotherapy of tumors, the open PET structure can enable treatment and imaging to be carried out synchronously, can detect and position residual focuses in real time, guides treatment and improves the radical treatment effect of the operation. Particularly, in the operation, the body position, the tissue organ and the existence and the position of the tumor (residual tumor) of a patient are greatly changed, how to carry out the rapid PET three-dimensional (3D) imaging and positioning of the tumor (residual tumor) in the operation, and the flat PET is a good solution.
At present, for the conventional flat-panel PET tomography, two flat-panel detectors of the conventional flat-panel PET tomography need to rotate around an isocenter by means of a precise mechanical rotating support so as to acquire complete data of 180 degrees for image reconstruction. Even with limited angle reconstruction techniques, it is necessary to make isocentric rotations of the two plates to acquire PET data that allows for continuous angular sampling at angles up to 90 ° and above for subsequent image reconstruction. This requires a very high precision isocentric rotation mechanism, which results in a large flat PET holder structure and a large operation space, and particularly the high precision isocentric rotation mechanism requires a high cost.
In addition, a hardware solution is adopted in advanced Depth of interaction (DOI) correction of flat panel PET, which also causes high cost of the flat panel detector, especially when the detection area is increased. In clinical imaging, an imaging Field of view (FOV) with a certain size is required, and a certain size requirement is imposed on the area of the flat panel detector, but the flat panel detector has an excessively large area, which also causes high cost of the flat panel detector and a larger PET support structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the use of complicated expensive isocenter rotary mechanism in the PET acquisition imaging process in the current art, and the problem of the limited detection imaging area of a flat panel detector, the utility model provides a flat panel PET molecular image tomography system of translation, PET's flat panel detector need not rotate, only needs simple translation can realize the coverage to 90 degrees and above sampling angle, then utilizes the fault reconstruction algorithm of limited angle, realizes the molecular image formation and the target location of the formation of image sample in the formation of image region.
The utility model discloses a dull and stereotyped PET molecular image tomography system of translation includes: the device comprises an imaging bracket, an imaging support, a pair of flat panel detectors, a translation motor and a computer; wherein the imaging sample is located on the imaging carriage; the pair of flat panel detectors are connected to the translation motor; the translation motor is connected to the computer; the pair of flat panel detectors is also connected to the computer; the pair of flat panel detectors are respectively arranged above and below the imaging bracket, the cylindrical three-dimensional imaging area FOV is positioned between the pair of flat panel detectors, and the distances between the pair of flat panel detectors and the central axis of the imaging area are equal; the central axis of the imaging sample is positioned on the central axis of the imaging area, and the central axis of the imaging area is parallel to the axial direction of the imaging bracket; the length direction of the flat panel detector is vertical to the central axis, and the width direction of the flat panel detector is parallel to the central axis; the pair of flat panel detectors can respectively perform horizontal dislocation linear translation motion in opposite directions, and the direction of the horizontal dislocation linear translation motion is perpendicular to the central axis in the horizontal plane and along the length direction of the flat panel detectors; the allowable sampling angle of a pair of flat panel detectors is determined by the length L of the flat panel detector, the radius r of the perpendicular distance D, FOV between the pair of flat panel detectors, and the translation distance of the flat panel detector.
In the initial position, i.e. the first translation position, the pair of flat panel detectors are positioned opposite to each other, i.e. the first translation distance Δ1Is 0 and the maximum allowable sampling angle is alpha1A pair of flat panel detectors at the maximum allowable sampling angle + -alpha1The imaging region is subjected to a first continuous angular sampling and the PET data is transmitted to a computer.
In the initial position, i.e. the first translation position, the maximum allowable sampling angle is α1
Figure BDA0001963155800000031
The motor controls the pair of flat panel detectors to execute a first translation mode, and the flat panel detectors horizontally dislocate and linearly translate along opposite directions respectively, namely the upper flat panel detector and the lower flat panel detector move along the first directionThe detector obtains the maximum allowable sampling angle alpha of the second translation position along the second direction2Minimum allowable sampling angle is beta2Controlling the second translation distance Delta2So that beta is2Satisfies | beta2|≤|α1And carrying out second continuous angle sampling on the imaging area by the pair of flat panel detectors within the maximum allowable sampling angle and the minimum allowable sampling angle, and transmitting the PET data to the computer.
Further, the motor controls the pair of flat panel detectors to continue to do horizontal dislocation linear translation motion in the first translation mode on the basis of the above translation, the translation directions of the upper flat panel detector and the lower flat panel detector are unchanged, the above operations are repeated, and the translation distance of the flat panel detectors is delta after (i-1) times of translation at the ith translation positioniThe maximum allowable sampling angle of the ith translation position is alphaiMinimum allowable sampling angle is betaiControl the i-th translation distance ΔiSo that beta isiSatisfies | betai|≤|αi-1To ensure angular sampling continuity, translation distance ΔiFor the distance of the ith translation position relative to the initial position, carrying out ith continuous angle sampling on the imaging area by a pair of flat panel detectors within the maximum and minimum allowable sampling angles, and transmitting PET data to a computer; until the maximum allowable sampling angle of the nth translation position is obtained after (n-1) translations is | alphan|≥45°。
The maximum allowable sampling angle of the ith translation position after (i-1) times of translation is alphai
Figure BDA0001963155800000032
Wherein, L' ═ L + 2. deltai
The minimum allowable sampling angle of the ith translation position is betai
Figure BDA0001963155800000033
Then, executing a second translation mode, taking an initial position, namely the first translation position, as a starting point, executing the second translation mode, namely enabling the upper flat panel detector to horizontally dislocate the pair of flat panel detectors along the second direction and the lower flat panel detector along the first direction through controlling a motor to horizontally and linearly translate along opposite directions respectively again, translating for (n-1) times, continuously sampling angles of an imaging area by the pair of flat panel detectors within the maximum and minimum allowable sampling angles of each translation position, and transmitting PET (positron emission tomography) data to a computer, so that the total sampling angle range is larger than or equal to 90 degrees; after the computer preprocesses the PET data of (2n-1) times, a PET reconstruction image is obtained by adopting a finite angle reconstruction method; n is a natural number not less than 2, i is 2, … …, n.
The first direction and the second direction are straight line directions perpendicular to the central axis in a horizontal plane where the flat panel detector is located, and the directions of the first direction and the second direction are opposite, namely the first direction is leftward and the second direction is rightward; conversely, the first direction is to the right and the second direction is to the left. The first translation mode is that the upper flat panel detector is along a first direction, and the lower flat panel detector is along a second direction; the second translation mode is that the upper flat panel detector is along the second direction, and the lower flat panel detector is along the first direction.
The utility model discloses a translation motor, translation motor can drive a pair of flat panel detector and do the horizontal dislocation rectilinear translation of opposite direction along the direction of perpendicular to center pin in the place horizontal plane respectively, need not have the rotation function like traditional C type arm, and the formation of image sample is located a pair of flat panel detector's centre, and near equivalent rotation center promptly, through horizontal translation dislocation sampling, can make flat panel detector's collection angle cover be greater than or equal to 90. The translational motion positioning precision of the flat panel detector can reach less than 0.5mm, and the rotating mechanism reaches the isocentric precision of 0.5mm, so that an expensive and complex rotating mechanism is required; correspondingly, the angular accuracy can reach 0.1 °.
Since flat panel detectors are expensive and have limited length and width, α1Limited angle, 2 α1Typically within 50 °; to ensure a better reconstruction of the image, the continuous angle sampling angle coverage should be greater than or equal to 90 °, i.e. the maximum allowable sampling angle at the nth translation position is | αn| ≧ 45 °, the maximum allowable sampling angle for the (2n-1) th translation position is | α2n-1I is equal to or greater than 45 deg., so that the total sampling angle covers 90 deg..
The length L of the flat panel detector is greater than the diameter 2r of the FOV.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model adopts a pair of flat panel detectors connected to a translation motor, the translation motor can drive the pair of flat panel detectors to do horizontal dislocation linear translation motion along opposite directions respectively; acquiring more continuous projection data of allowable sampling angles by using a flat panel detector with a limited area, wherein the sampling coverage angle is preferably larger than 90 degrees, so that a PET (positron emission tomography) reconstruction image is obtained through limited angle reconstruction; the utility model does not need the rotation function of the traditional C-shaped arm, abandons the complex rotation motion mechanism with high price and difficult precision guarantee, adopts the translation motor with low price and higher precision, and leads the continuous acquisition angle of the flat panel detector to cover more than or equal to 90 degrees through horizontal translation dislocation sampling, and obtains the 3D molecular image information of the imaging sample with high image quality through finite angle reconstruction; the translation precision is high, the translation motion positioning precision reaches <0.5mm, and the angle precision can reach 0.1 degree.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an initial position of one embodiment of a translational flat-panel PET molecular imaging tomography system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second translational position of an embodiment of the translational flat panel PET molecular imaging tomography system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third translational position of an embodiment of the translational flat-panel PET molecular imaging tomography system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the flat PET molecular imaging tomography system of the present embodiment includes: the device comprises an imaging bracket, an imaging support, a pair of flat panel detectors, a translation motor and a computer; wherein the imaging sample is located on the imaging carriage; the pair of flat panel detectors are connected to the translation motor; the translation motor is connected to the computer; the pair of flat panel detectors is also connected to the computer; the pair of flat panel detectors are respectively arranged above and below the imaging bracket, the cylindrical three-dimensional imaging area FOV is positioned between the pair of flat panel detectors, and the distances between the pair of flat panel detectors and the central axis of the imaging area are equal; the central axis of the imaging sample is positioned on the central axis of the imaging area, and the central axis of the imaging area is parallel to the axial direction of the imaging bracket; the length direction of the flat panel detector is vertical to the central axis, and the width direction of the flat panel detector is parallel to the central axis; the translation motor can drive a pair of flat panel detectors to respectively do horizontal dislocation linear translation motion in opposite directions along the length direction of the flat panel detectors and in the horizontal plane perpendicular to the central shaft.
As shown in fig. 1, the allowable sampling angle of a pair of flat panel detectors is determined by the length L of the flat panel detector, the radius r of the perpendicular distance D, FOV between the pair of flat panel detectors, and the translation distance of the flat panel detector; in the initial position, i.e. the first translation position, the pair of flat panel detectors are positioned opposite to each other, i.e. the first translation distance Δ1Is 0 and the maximum allowable sampling angle is alpha1The first successive angular sampling of the imaging region by a pair of flat panel detectors is performed within a maximum allowable sampling angle, and the PET data is transmitted to a computer. In this embodiment, L is 37.5cm, D is 40cm, and r is 10 cm; alpha is alpha121.7 °; the width of the flat panel detector is 30cm, the number of detector pixels is 100 multiplied by 80, and the cylindrical three-dimensional FOV with the diameter of 20cm and the thickness of 30cm is ensured.
As shown in FIG. 2, a pair of flat panel detectors are controlled by a translation motor to respectively horizontally dislocate and linearly translate along opposite directions, namely, the upper flat panel detector translates 15.63cm leftwards, and the lower flat panel detector translates 15.63cm rightwards, namely, delta215.63cm, the maximum allowable sampling angle for the second translation position is α2Minimum allowable sampling angle is beta2Controlling the second translation distance Delta2So that beta is2The angular continuity condition is satisfied: beta is a2≤α1And 21.7 degrees, carrying out second continuous angle sampling on the imaging region by the pair of flat panel detectors within the maximum allowable sampling angle and the minimum allowable sampling angle, and transmitting the PET data to the computer.In the present embodiment, α2=45°,β2=20.7°。
As shown in FIG. 3, the two-dimensional displacement is symmetrical to the opposite direction of the previous sampling displacement, i.e. on the basis of the position shown in FIG. 1, the upper flat panel detector is displaced by 15.63cm to the right, and the lower flat panel detector is displaced by 15.63cm to the left, i.e. delta315.63cm, in this example, α3=-45°,β3=-20.7°。
The pair of flat panel detectors are controlled by the motor to horizontally dislocate and linearly translate along the opposite directions again, the pair of flat panel detectors carry out continuous angle sampling on an imaging area within the maximum allowable sampling angle of each translation position, PET data are transmitted to the computer, and therefore the total sampling angle is 90 degrees.
In this embodiment, through twice translations, three translation position, the angle of gathering in succession increases to 90, the utility model discloses also can further enlarge FOV through the translation of more, acquire more allowable sampling angle.
The flat plate PET molecular image tomography method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) in the initial position, i.e. the first translation position, the pair of flat panel detectors are positioned opposite to each other, i.e. the first translation distance Δ1Is 0 and the maximum allowable sampling angle is alpha121.7 degrees, and a pair of flat panel detectors are arranged at the maximum allowable sampling angle +/-alpha1Carrying out first continuous angle sampling on the imaging area, and transmitting PET data to a computer, as shown in figure 1;
2) a pair of flat panel detectors are controlled by a motor to respectively horizontally dislocate along opposite directions to linearly translate, namely, the upper flat panel detector translates 15.63cm leftwards, and the lower flat panel detector translates 15.63cm rightwards, namely delta215.63cm, the minimum allowable sampling angle to get the second translation position is β2Controlling the second translation distance Delta2So that beta is2Satisfies beta2=20.7°≤α1Maximum allowable sampling angle of alpha2And (4) carrying out second continuous angle sampling on the imaging region by a pair of flat panel detectors within the maximum allowable sampling angle and the minimum allowable sampling angle, and carrying out PET data transmissionTo a computer, as shown in FIG. 2;
3) the symmetrical translation is opposite to the previous sampling translation, namely the upper flat panel detector translates to the right by 15.63cm, and the lower flat panel detector translates to the left by 15.63cm, namely delta3=15.63cm,β320.7 deg. and satisfies | beta3|<|α1|,α3Carrying out third continuous angle sampling on the imaging region within the maximum allowable sampling angle and the minimum allowable sampling angle of the pair of flat panel detectors at-45 degrees, and transmitting PET data to a computer, so that the total sampling angle is more than or equal to 90 degrees;
4) after the computer preprocesses the three times of PET data and contains necessary correction, a finite angle reconstruction method is adopted, and a PET reconstruction image is obtained through an expectation maximization algorithm (EM), a reconstruction algorithm TOF (time of flight) and a total variation minimization algorithm (TV) combined algorithm based on the form modeling data (ListMododedata); thereby, the target point in the imaging sample can be displayed and the target point can be intuitively positioned in three dimensions.
The EM based on the surface model data can be better suitable for reconstruction of incomplete data, TOF reconstruction can better utilize PET-TOF information to carry out information compensation on missing angles, and a TV algorithm is favorable for denoising of images, particularly removes high-frequency reconstruction artifacts which appear along with the increase of iteration times, and can well retain edge information while denoising.
Aiming at the reconstruction of the angle-lacking data related to the utility model, other angle-lacking data reconstruction calculation methods can be used.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but will be understood by those skilled in the art that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A translational motion flat panel PET molecular imaging tomography system, the molecular imaging tomography system comprising: the device comprises an imaging bracket, an imaging support, a pair of flat panel detectors, a translation motor and a computer; wherein the imaging sample is located on the imaging carriage; the pair of flat panel detectors are connected to the translation motor; the translation motor is connected to a computer; the pair of flat panel detectors is also connected to a computer; the pair of flat panel detectors are respectively arranged above and below the imaging bracket, the cylindrical three-dimensional imaging area FOV is positioned between the pair of flat panel detectors, and the distances between the pair of flat panel detectors and the central axis of the imaging area are equal; the central axis of the imaging sample is positioned on the central axis of the imaging area, and the central axis of the imaging area is parallel to the axial direction of the imaging bracket; the length direction of the flat panel detector is vertical to the central axis, and the width direction of the flat panel detector is parallel to the central axis; the pair of flat panel detectors can respectively perform horizontal dislocation linear translation motion in opposite directions, and the direction of the horizontal dislocation linear translation motion is perpendicular to the central axis in the horizontal plane and along the length direction of the flat panel detectors; the allowable sampling angle of a pair of flat panel detectors is determined by the length L of the flat panel detector, the radius r of the perpendicular distance D, FOV between the pair of flat panel detectors, and the translation distance of the flat panel detector.
2. The molecular imaging tomography system of claim 1, wherein in the initial position, the first translation position, the pair of flat panel detectors are positioned opposite each other, the first translation distance Δ1Is 0 and the maximum allowable sampling angle is alpha1A pair of flat panel detectors at the maximum allowable sampling angle + -alpha1A first continuous angular sampling of the imaging region is performed.
3. The molecular imaging tomography system of claim 2, wherein in the initial position, the first translation position, the maximum allowable sampling angle is α1
Figure FDA0001963155790000011
4. The molecular imaging tomography system of claim 1, wherein the translational distance of the flat panel detector at the ith translation position after (i-1) translations is ΔiThe maximum allowable sampling angle of the ith translation position is alphaiMinimum allowable sampling angle is betaiSatisfies | βi|≤|αi-1I, i translation distance ΔiFor the distance of the ith translation position relative to the initial position, the pair of flat panel detectors performs the ith continuous angle sampling on the imaging area within the maximum and minimum allowable sampling angles.
5. The molecular imaging tomography system of claim 4, wherein the maximum allowable sampling angle of the ith translation position is αi
Wherein, L' ═ L + 2. deltai
6. The molecular imaging tomography system of claim 4, wherein the minimum allowable sampling angle of the ith translation position is βi
Figure FDA0001963155790000021
7. The molecular imaging tomography system of claim 1, wherein the length L of the flat panel detector is greater than the diameter 2r of the FOV.
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