Solar cell backboard
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more particularly, to a solar cell back sheet.
Background
The solar cell back plate is positioned on the back surface of the solar cell module, plays a role in protecting and supporting the cell and is one of the extremely important packaging materials for prolonging the service life of the cell.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments herein provide a solar cell back sheet satisfying the demand for product diversification.
The embodiment of the invention provides a solar cell backboard, which comprises a first substrate layer, a transparent pattern layer, a color coating layer and a bonding substrate layer, wherein the transparent pattern layer and the color coating layer are arranged between the first substrate layer and the bonding substrate layer, at least one of the first substrate layer and the bonding substrate layer is a light-transmitting substrate layer, the transparent pattern layer is arranged between the light-transmitting substrate layer and the color coating layer, and light is incident to the color coating layer through the transparent pattern layer.
The solar cell back sheet provided by the embodiment of the invention has both patterns and colors. The color coating layer reflects light incident on the color coating layer through the surface coating, and can show bright color under dark color such as black background of a solar cell chip. The colored coating layer is combined with the transparent pattern layer, and light reflected by the colored coating layer is incident to the transparent pattern layer, so that the solar cell can achieve the effect of both colors and patterns.
Embodiments herein also provide a solar module, including an optional solar cell back panel and a solar cell chip, where the solar cell chip is disposed on the solar back panel, and the solar cell chip is close to the transparent pattern layer and far from the color coating layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a solar cell backsheet according to an embodiment herein;
reference numerals:
the moisture-resistant coating comprises a first substrate layer 1, a water vapor blocking layer 2, a transparent pattern layer 3, a color coating layer 4, a first adhesive layer 5, a third substrate layer 6, a moisture-resistant layer 7, a second adhesive layer 8 and a second substrate layer 9
Detailed Description
Embodiments herein provide a solar cell backsheet. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following embodiments are further described in detail.
Example one
The utility model provides a solar cell backboard, includes first substrate layer 1, transparent pattern layer 3, colored coating film layer 4 and bonding substrate layer, and transparent pattern layer 3 sets up between first substrate layer 1 and bonding substrate layer with colored coating film layer 4, and at least one is the printing opacity substrate layer in first substrate layer 1 and the bonding substrate layer, and transparent pattern layer 3 sets up between printing opacity substrate layer and colored coating film layer 4, and light is incided to colored coating film layer 4 through transparent pattern layer 3.
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back panel is sequentially provided with a first substrate layer 1, a transparent pattern layer 3, a color coating layer 4, a second adhesive layer 8 and a second substrate layer 9 from top to bottom. Set up the solar cell chip on the first substrate layer 1, at the clearance department that does not have the solar cell chip to cover, light is from the first substrate layer 1 incidence of solar cell backplate, through transparent pattern layer 3 and colored coating film layer 4, makes the solar backplate demonstrate colour and pattern.
The thickness of the first base material layer 1 is 50-250um, and the first base material layer is a transparent film base material layer, such as one of PET, PBT and PEN, and can also be a double-layer co-extrusion fluorine film layer or a polyurethane and PE double-layer co-extrusion film layer.
The thickness of the transparent pattern layer 3 is 0.1-1um, and the transparent printing ink is used as a raw material to be prepared by various printing technologies in the prior art, such as printing or silk-screen printing, or other technologies.
The color coating layer 4 has a thickness of 0.1-1 μm, and can be one of blue, green, purple, and red, and is at least one inorganic film, preferably SiO2、SiN、Al2O3Or Nb2O5. For example, the color coating may be a layer of Nb2O5Or the color coating layer is a multi-layer inorganic film, and the arrangement of the color coating layer is not limited, for example, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the color coating layer is Nb2O5、SiO2、Nb2O5The three layers are arranged, the total thickness is 100-600nm, and the solar cell backboard can be purple, yellow, orange or brick; in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the color coating is Nb2O5、SiO2、Nb2O5、SiO2、Nb2O5The five layers are arranged, and the total thickness is 100-600nm, so that the solar cell backboard can be blue or red.
When the solar cell backboard is placed on a dark color substrate, light enters the color coating layer 4 through the transparent pattern layer 3 and is reflected to the transparent pattern layer 3 through the color coating layer 4, so that the solar cell backboard can present various patterns and colors.
The second substrate layer 9 is made of a fluorine-containing material or a Polyamide (PA) material, so that the aging resistance effect is achieved. The second substrate layer 9 may be a double layer or a single layer, when the second substrate layer 9 is a double layer, an inner layer contacting the second adhesive layer 8 is generally selected as a material for improving the adhesive property, such as a fluorine film layer or a PE layer, and an outer layer away from the second adhesive layer 8 is selected as an aging-resistant material, such as a polyurethane material or a Polyamide (PA) or a fluorine-containing material. The double-layer co-extrusion fluorine film layer or the polyurethane and PE double-layer co-extrusion film layer can be selected.
Example two
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back panel comprises a first substrate layer 1, a first aqueous vapor barrier layer 2, a transparent pattern layer 3, a color coating layer 4, a second adhesive layer 8 and a second substrate layer 9, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back panel comprises a first substrate layer 1, a transparent pattern layer 3, a first moisture barrier layer 2, a color coating layer 4, a second adhesive layer 8 and a second substrate layer 9, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the solar cell back sheet includes a first substrate layer 1, a first moisture barrier layer 2, a transparent pattern layer 3, a color coating layer 4, a first adhesive layer 5, a third substrate layer 6, a moisture barrier layer 7, a second adhesive layer 8, and a second substrate layer 9, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back panel comprises a first substrate layer 1, a transparent pattern layer 3, a color coating layer 4, a first adhesive layer 5, a second water vapor barrier layer, a third substrate layer 6, a moisture barrier layer 7, a second adhesive layer 8 and a second substrate layer 9, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back sheet includes a first substrate layer 1, a first adhesive layer 5, a transparent pattern layer 3, a color coating layer 4, a third substrate layer 6, a second adhesive layer 8, and a second substrate layer 9.
The thickness of the first base material layer 1 is 50-250um, and the first base material layer is a transparent film base material layer, such as one of PET, PBT and PEN, and can also be a double-layer co-extrusion fluorine film layer or a polyurethane and PE double-layer co-extrusion film layer.
The thickness of the first water vapor barrier layer 2 and the second water vapor barrier layer is 0.1-1um, and the first water vapor barrier layer and the second water vapor barrier layer can be one or more of SiOx, SiNx, Al2O3 and the like, and the water vapor transmittance is 10-6g/m2And day or below, the film can be prepared by the common preparation process of the water vapor barrier film, such as an atomic layer deposition process, a magnetron sputtering process, polymer multilayer deposition, chemical vapor deposition and the like. The water vapor blocking layer 2 can block the entry of small molecule water vapor.
The third substrate layer 6 may be a transparent film substrate layer, such as one of PET, PBT, PEN, or a non-transparent film substrate layer.
The thickness of the moisture-resistant layer 7 is 50-100um, the moisture-resistant film layer 7 can be transparent, and the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly stirring and dispersing raw materials such as sodium polyacrylate, barium sulfate, a cross-linking agent, a catalyst and the like in polar solvents such as ketones or alcohols, coating the mixed solution on the lower surface (the surface far away from the water vapor barrier layer 2) of the second light-transmitting substrate layer 6, drying and curing at 150 ℃ for 10min, and thus obtaining the light-transparent moisture-resistant film layer 7. The moisture barrier film layer 7 may also be opaque. The moisture barrier film layer 7 is used for blocking macromolecular water from entering.
The first adhesive layer 5 and the second adhesive layer 8 are 10-30um thick, and the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing and stirring uniformly acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, a plasticizer, tackifying resin, a curing agent, an anti-aging agent, a solvent and the like, preparing a light-transmitting adhesive solution wet film on the surface to be bonded respectively in a spraying, blade coating, roller coating and other modes, and drying to obtain the light-transmitting adhesive layer 5.
The total thickness of the second substrate layer 9 is 100-200um, wherein the thickness of each layer is 50-100 um. The second substrate layer 9 may be a transparent substrate layer or an opaque substrate layer, preferably a double-layer co-extruded fluorine film layer, and the preparation method thereof is as follows: uniformly mixing functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride, PMMA and various additives, then carrying out melt mixing and extrusion granulation by a screw extruder for standby, uniformly mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, PMMA and various additives, then carrying out melt mixing and extrusion granulation by the screw extruder for standby, respectively putting the two granules into an inner layer single screw extruder and an outer layer single screw extruder, controlling the temperature of the inner layer single screw extruder and the outer layer single screw extruder to be 160-230 ℃, controlling the rotating speed to be 50-600rpm, and carrying out film blowing, cooling, traction, flattening and cutting after melt extrusion to obtain the double-layer co-extruded fluorine film layer 9, wherein the functionalized layer mainly plays a role in improving the bonding effect, and the outer layer mainly plays a role in aging resistance and the like.
EXAMPLE III
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back panel comprises a first substrate layer 1, a first adhesive layer 5, a second aqueous vapor barrier layer, a color coating layer 4, a transparent pattern layer 3, a third substrate layer 6, a second adhesive layer 8 and a second substrate layer 9, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back panel comprises a first substrate layer 1, a second moisture barrier layer, a first adhesive layer 5, a color coating layer 4, a transparent pattern layer 3, a third substrate layer 6, a moisture barrier layer 7, a second adhesive layer 8 and a second substrate layer 9, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
As an optional embodiment, the solar cell back panel comprises a first substrate layer 1, a first adhesive layer 5, a color coating layer 4, a transparent pattern layer 3, a first water vapor barrier layer 2, a first water vapor barrier layer 6, a third substrate layer, a moisture barrier layer 7, a second adhesive layer 8, a double-layer co-extrusion fluorine film layer 9
The thickness of the first substrate layer 1 is 50-250um, and the first substrate layer is a light-transmitting or light-proof substrate layer, such as one of PET, PBT and PEN, and can also be a double-layer co-extrusion fluorine film layer or a polyurethane and PE double-layer co-extrusion film layer.
The thickness of the first water vapor barrier layer 2 and the second water vapor barrier layer is 0.1-1um, and the first water vapor barrier layer and the second water vapor barrier layer can be one or more of SiOx, SiNx, Al2O3, etc., and the water vapor transmission rate is 10-6g/m2The material can be prepared by common preparation processes of water vapor barrier films such as an atomic layer deposition process, a magnetron sputtering process, polymer multilayer deposition, chemical vapor deposition and the like. The water vapor blocking layer 2 can block the entry of small molecule water vapor.
The third substrate layer 6 is a light-transmitting substrate layer, preferably one of PET, PBT, and PEN.
The thickness of the moisture-resistant layer 7 is 50-100um, the moisture-resistant layer 7 is transparent, and the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly stirring and dispersing raw materials such as sodium polyacrylate, barium sulfate, a cross-linking agent, a catalyst and the like in polar solvents such as ketones or alcohols, coating the mixed solution on the surface of the third substrate layer 6, drying and curing at 150 ℃ for 10min, and preparing the transparent moisture-resistant layer 7. The moisture barrier layer 7 is used to block the entry of macromolecular water.
The second adhesive layer 8 is transparent and has a thickness of 10-30um, and the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing and stirring uniformly acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, a plasticizer, tackifying resin, a curing agent, an anti-aging agent, a solvent and the like, preparing a transparent adhesive solution wet film on the surface to be bonded respectively by adopting the modes of spraying, blade coating, roller coating and the like, and drying to obtain the second adhesive layer 8. The first adhesive layer 5 may be light transmissive or opaque.
The total thickness of the second substrate layer 9 is 100-200um, wherein the thickness of each layer is 50-100 um. The second base material layer 9 is a light-transmitting base material layer. The second substrate layer 9 may be a double layer or a single layer, when the second substrate layer 9 is a double layer, an inner layer contacting the second adhesive layer 8 is generally selected as a material for improving the adhesive property, such as a fluorine film layer or a PE layer, and an outer layer away from the second adhesive layer 8 is selected as an aging-resistant material, such as a polyurethane material or a Polyamide (PA) or a fluorine-containing material. Preferably, a double-layer co-extrusion fluorine film layer or a polyurethane and PE double-layer co-extrusion film layer is selected. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride, PMMA and various additives, then carrying out melt mixing and extrusion granulation by a screw extruder for standby, uniformly mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, PMMA and various additives, then carrying out melt mixing and extrusion granulation by the screw extruder for standby, respectively putting the two granules into an inner layer single screw extruder and an outer layer single screw extruder, controlling the temperature of the inner layer single screw extruder and the outer layer single screw extruder to be 160-230 ℃, controlling the rotating speed to be 50-600rpm, and carrying out film blowing, cooling, traction, flattening and cutting after melt extrusion to obtain the double-layer co-extruded fluorine film layer 9, wherein the functionalized layer mainly plays a role in improving the bonding effect, and the outer layer mainly plays a role in aging resistance and the like.
Example four
The preparation method of the embodiment (a solar cell back panel, including a first substrate layer 1, a transparent pattern layer 3, a color coating layer 4 and a bonding substrate layer, where the transparent pattern layer 3 and the color coating layer 4 are disposed between the first substrate layer 1 and the bonding substrate layer, at least one of the first substrate layer 1 and the bonding substrate layer is a light-transmitting substrate layer, the transparent pattern layer 3 is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate layer and the color coating layer 4, and light is incident to the color coating layer 4 through the transparent pattern layer 3) is as follows:
the transparent pattern layer 3 is obtained by using transparent ink on the surface of the substrate comprising the first substrate layer 1 through the existing printing technology such as silk-screen printing, printing or other technologies. Preferably, plasma and electric ironing treatment is carried out before printing, so that the surface energy is improved, and the ink binding force is increased.
And preparing a color coating layer on the surface of the substrate containing the transparent pattern layer 3 by adopting an evaporation method. Designing an optical film system meeting specified spectral transmittance and reflectance according to requirements, placing a sample in an optical evaporation coating device until the set 2.0E is reached-3And after Pa vacuum degree, alternately plating each layer of film material according to the designed optical film system in sequence. Preferably, the surface of the material is treated by high-energy electron beams, some active groups are introduced, the surface energy of the material is improved, the bonding compatibility of the surface of the material and a color coating surface is improved, and the interlayer bonding effect is improved.
The coating process sets a certain vacuum degree according to the material absorption characteristics so as to lead in a certain amount of process gas to ensure that the material absorption meets the specification requirements, and the quality of the coating layer is controlled by adjusting parameters such as coating temperature, coating rate, ion source auxiliary energy and the like, so that the color coating layers with different layer structures are prepared to achieve different color reflection effects. The color coating layer is at least one inorganic film, preferably SiO2、SiN、Al2O3Or Nb2O5. For example, the color coating may be a layer of Nb2O5Or the color coating layer is a multi-layer inorganic film, and the arrangement of the color coating layer is not limited, for example, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the color coating layer is Nb2O5、SiO2、Nb2O5The three layers are arranged, the total thickness is 100-600nm, and the solar cell backboard can be purple, yellow, orange or brick; in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the color coating is Nb2O5、SiO2、Nb2O5、SiO2、Nb2O5Five layers are arranged, the total thickness is 100-600nm, so thatThe solar cell back sheet exhibits a blue color, or a red color.
The color film coating layer in the prior art is generally formed by adding pigment into a film base material layer, the color is light transmission color, and the color is weakened under a black background.
The colored coating layer is combined with the transparent pattern layer, and light reflected by the colored coating layer is incident to the transparent pattern layer, so that the solar cell can achieve the effect of both colors and patterns.
And bonding the substrate comprising the first substrate layer 1, the transparent pattern layer 3 and the color coating layer 4 with the bonding substrate layer.
EXAMPLE five
1: and cleaning and drying the upper surface and the lower surface of the first substrate layer 1, and preparing the water vapor barrier layer 2 by adopting common deposition technology of high barrier films such as atomic layer deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
2: and (3) adopting the composite film prepared in the step (1), and silk-screen printing and printing different patterns by adopting transparent printing ink on the surface of the water vapor barrier layer 2 to obtain a transparent pattern layer 3. Preferably, plasma and electric ironing treatment is carried out before printing, so that the surface energy is improved, and the ink binding force is increased.
3: adopting the composite film prepared in the step 2, pretreating the surface of the transparent pattern layer 3 by adopting an electron beam gun, and then respectively preparing a color coating layer 4 by adopting methods such as evaporation plating, magnetron sputtering and the like, wherein the color coating layer is a multilayer or single-layer inorganic film, and the inorganic film can be SiO2、SiN、Al2O3And the like. The color coating layer preferably adopts high-energy electron beams to treat the surface of the material, introduces some active groups, improves the surface energy of the material, improves the bonding compatibility of the surface of the material and the color coating surface, and improves the interlayer bonding effect.
Preparing a color coating layer by adopting an evaporation method, designing an optical film system meeting specified spectral transmittance and reflectance according to requirements, placing a sample in optical evaporation coating equipment, and alternately coating each layer of film material according to the designed optical film system in sequence after the set vacuum degree of 2.0E-3Pa is reached.
The coating process sets a certain vacuum degree according to the material absorption characteristics so as to lead in a certain amount of process gas to ensure that the material absorption meets the specification requirements, and the quality of the coating layer is controlled by adjusting parameters such as coating temperature, coating rate, ion source auxiliary energy and the like, so that the color coating layers with different layer structures are prepared to achieve different color reflection effects.
The color film coating layer in the prior art is generally formed by adding pigment into a film base material layer, the color is a light transmission color, and the color is weakened under a black background.
The combination of the colored coating layer and the transparent pattern layer can enable the solar cell to achieve the effects of both color and pattern.
4: and (3) uniformly stirring and dispersing raw materials such as sodium polyacrylate, barium sulfate, a cross-linking agent, a catalyst and the like in polar solvents such as ketones or alcohols, coating the mixed solution on the surface of the third substrate layer 6 by adopting the composite membrane prepared in the step 3, and drying and curing at 150 ℃ for 10min to prepare the moisture-blocking layer 7.
5: and (3) mixing and stirring acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, a plasticizer, tackifying resin, a curing agent, an anti-aging agent, a solvent and the like uniformly, preparing light-transmitting adhesive solution wet films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite film prepared in the step (4) respectively by adopting spraying, blade coating, roller coating and other modes, and drying to obtain light-transmitting adhesive layers 5 and 8.
6: uniformly mixing functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride, PMMA and various additives, then carrying out melt mixing and extrusion granulation by a screw extruder for standby, uniformly mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, PMMA and various additives, then carrying out melt mixing and extrusion granulation by the screw extruder for standby, respectively putting the two granules into an inner layer single screw extruder and an outer layer single screw extruder, controlling the temperature of the inner layer single screw extruder and the outer layer single screw extruder to be 160-230 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 50-600rpm, and carrying out film blowing, cooling, traction, flattening and cutting on a double-layer co-extruded fluorine film layer 9 after melt extrusion, wherein the functionalized layer mainly plays a role in improving the bonding effect, and the outer layer mainly plays a role in aging resistance and the like.
7: and (3) laminating the first substrate layer 1, the composite film (with the transparent pattern layer 3 upward) prepared in the step (5) and the double-layer co-extruded fluorine film layer 9 (with the functional layer upward) prepared in the step (6) from top to bottom in sequence, and rolling and compounding to prepare the transparent flexible solar cell composite back plate with the color pattern effect, wherein the rolling pressure is controlled to be 0.1 MPa.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.